Applications In Medicine Research Articles

Phytosomes as Novel Drug Delivery Methods

As newly identified phytochemicals increase, studies on their potential medicinal applications in biological contexts will be updated. Nevertheless, these chemicals' limited solubility and susceptibility to degradation limit their use in medicinal and food applications. Currently, learning more about vesicular drug delivery methods may aid in enhancing these features. Because of their exceptional trapping capability, safety, and biocompatibility, vesicles have been demonstrated to be extremely promising delivery methods for a variety of beneficial phytochemicals at a cellular level. Phytosomes, a kind of vesicular drug carrier, combine phytochemicals with phospholipids to produce a complex that enhances compound stability overall and improves the absorption and bioavailability of bioactive compounds. One of the newest, smaller-sized lipid-based vesicles to increase the transport of plant- based nutraceuticals is the nano-phytosome. To guarantee a good safety profile and fulfill repeatability requirements, physical measurements that provide details on the dynamics of release and formulation stability must be thoroughly analyzed. Although there is presently not enough data from clinical trials to make judgments about the biological activities of specific preparations, the overall strength of the evidence supporting these formulations is positive and encourages more study in this area. Clinical trials on standardized products that demonstrate greater effectiveness than unformulated components or extracts will be essential in the future to raise awareness of these technologies.

Genetic Engineering in Bacteria, Fungi, and Oomycetes, Taking Advantage of CRISPR

Genetic engineering has revolutionized our ability to modify microorganisms for various applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry. This review examines recent advances in genetic engineering techniques for bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes, with a focus on CRISPR-Cas systems. In bacteria, CRISPR-Cas9 has enabled precise genome editing, enhancing applications in antibiotic production and metabolic engineering. For fungi, despite challenges associated with their complex cell structures, CRISPR/Cas9 has advanced the production of enzymes and secondary metabolites. In oomycetes, significant plant pathogens, modified Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and CRISPR/Cas12a have contributed to developing disease-resistant crops. This review provides a comparative analysis of genetic engineering efficiencies across these microorganisms and addresses ethical and regulatory considerations. Future research directions include refining genetic tools to improve efficiency and expand applicability in non-model organisms. This comprehensive overview highlights the transformative potential of genetic engineering in microbiology and its implications for addressing global challenges in agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology.

Genus Stachys—Phytochemistry, Traditional Medicinal Uses, and Future Perspectives

The genus Stachys represents one of the most extensive genera within the subfamily Lamioideae and ranks as one of the largest genera in the Lamiaceae family. Many Stachys species are associated with a rich history in traditional medicine across various cultures, and their extracts and essential oils are rich in non-volatile and volatile compounds. Because of their complex profile of bioactive substances, Stachys members are considered to possess an extensive spectrum of therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and wound-healing effects, as well as benefits for memory enhancement, lipid profile regulation, blood glucose control, and weight management. Despite the wide distribution and chemical diversity of the genus, studies on its biological activities remain limited. The aim of this review is to summarize the most relevant data from studies on the bioactive compounds, traditional uses, and pharmacological properties of Stachys species found in databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus. Specific keywords were used in the search strategy, including “bioactive compounds”, “Stachys”, “Lamiaceae”, “Stachys extract”, “Stachys essential oil”, “traditional uses”, “chemical composition”, “therapeutic potential”, “clinical trials”, “in vivo studies”, “in vitro studies”. The search strategy was performed according to the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Data from 171 studies were included. The manuscript highlights the drug-discovery potential of Stachys species, emphasizing their potential applications in medicine, cosmetics, dietary supplements, and the food industry. Moreover, it provides important data that could assist Stachys research programs.

Feline Infectious Peritonitis Effusion Index: A Novel Diagnostic Method and Validation of Flow Cytometry-Based Delta Total Nucleated Cells Analysis on the Sysmex XN-1000V®

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led the medical and scientific community to explore the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of coronaviruses. In felines, a widespread coronavirus known as feline coronavirus (FCoV) can lead to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a highly fatal disease characterised by severe systemic inflammation. Diagnosing FCoV remains challenging due to the limited accuracy of the available methods. The present study introduces the FIP Effusion Index, a novel diagnostic method that combines the albumin-to-globulin (ALB/GLOB) ratio with the delta total nucleated cell (∆TNC) count obtained via flow cytometry using the Sysmex XN-1000V® analyser in effusions. Samples from cats (n = 50) with suspected FIP were analysed for ∆TNC, with findings showing that a ∆TNC ≥ 2.1 is highly indicative of FIP and a ∆TNC ≥ 4.9 can be considered diagnostic. The FIP Effusion Index enhanced diagnostic precision in our group of samples, achieving 96.3% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity for values ≥ 5.06, and reaching perfect specificity (100%) with 96.3% sensitivity for values ≥ 7.54. This combined approach surpasses the accuracy of individual parameters, establishing the FIP Effusion Index as a superior diagnostic tool for FIP, with potential applications in both veterinary and human medicine for related coronavirus diseases.

Rational Strategies for Preparing Highly Efficient Tin-, Bismuth- or Indium-Based Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formic acid/Formate.

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an environmentally friendly and economically viable approach to convert greenhouse gas CO2 into valuable chemical fuels and feedstocks. Among various products of CO2RR, formic acid/formate (HCOOH/HCOO-) is considered the most attractive one with its high energy density and ease of storage, thereby enabling widespread commercial applications in chemical, medicine, and energy-related industries. Nowadays, the development of efficient and financially feasible electrocatalysts with excellent selectivity and activity towards HCOOH/HCOO- is paramount for the industrial application of CO2RR technology, in which Tin (Sn), Bismuth (Bi), and Indium (In)-based electrocatalysts have drawn significant attention due to their high efficiency and various regulation strategies have been explored to design diverse advanced electrocatalysts. Herein, we comprehensively review the rational strategies to enhance electrocatalytic performances of these electrocatalysts for CO2RR to HCOOH/HCOO-. Specifically, the internal mechanism between the physicochemical properties of engineering materials and electrocatalytic performance is analyzed and discussed in details. Besides, the current challenges and future opportunities are proposed to provide inspiration for the development of more efficient electrocatalysts in this field.

Application and mechanism of Chinese herb medicine in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver condition closely associated with metabolic syndrome, with its incidence rate continuously rising globally. Recent studies have shown that the development of NAFLD is associated with insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorder, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Therapeutic strategies for NAFLD include lifestyle modifications, pharmacological treatments, and emerging biological therapies; however, there is currently no specific drug to treat NAFLD. However Chinese herb medicine (CHM) has shown potential in the treatment of NAFLD due to its unique therapeutic concepts and methods for centuries in China. This review aims to summarize the pathogenesis of NAFLD and some CHMs that have been shown to have therapeutic effects on NAFLD, thus enriching the scientific connotation of TCM theories and facilitating the exploration of TCM in the treatment of NAFLD.

First transcriptome analysis of the venom glands of the scorpion Hottentotta zagrosensis (Scorpions: Buthidae) with focus on venom lipolysis activating peptides

IntroductionScorpion venom is a rich source of biological active peptides and proteins. Transcriptome analysis of the venom gland provides detailed insights about peptide and protein venom components. Following the transcriptome analysis of different species in our previous studies, our research team has focused on the Hottentotta zagrosensis as one of the endemic scorpions of Iran to obtain information about its venom proteins, in order to develop biological research focusing on medicinal applications of scorpion venom components and antivenom production. To gain insights into the protein composition of this scorpion venom, we performed transcriptomic analysis.MethodsTranscriptomic analysis of the venom gland of H. zagrosensis, prepared from the Khuzestan province, was performed through Illumina paired-end sequencing (RNA-Seq), Trinity de novo assembly, CD-Hit-EST clustering, and annotation of identified primary structures using bioinformatics approaches.ResultsTranscriptome analysis showed the presence of 96.4% of complete arthropod BUSCOs, indicating a high-quality assembly. From total of 45,795,108 paired-end 150 bp trimmed reads, the clustering step resulted in the generation of 101,180 de novo assembled transcripts with N50 size of 1,149 bp. 96,071 Unigenes and 131,235 transcripts had a significant similarity (E-value 1e-3) with known proteins from UniProt, Swissprot, Animal toxin annotation project, and the Pfam database. The results were validated using InterProScan. These mainly correspond to ion channel inhibitors, metalloproteinases, neurotoxins, protease inhibitors, protease activators, Cysteine-rich secretory proteins, phospholipase A enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, growth factors, lipolysis-activating peptides, hyaluronidase, and, phospholipase D. Our venom gland transcriptomic approach identified several biologically active peptides including five LVP1-alpha and LVP1-beta isoforms, which we named HzLVP1_alpha1, HzLVP1_alpha2, HzLVP1_alpha3, HzLVP1_beta1, and HzLVP1_beta and have extremely characterized here.DiscussionExcept for HzLVP1_beta1, all other identified LVP1s are predicted to be stable proteins (instability index <40). Moreover, all isoform of LVP1s alpha and beta subunits are thermostable, with the most stability for HzLVP1_alpha2 (aliphatic index = 71.38). HzLVP1_alpha2 has also the highest half-life. Three-dimensional structure of all identified proteins compacts with three disulfide bridges. The extra cysteine residue may allow the proteins to form a hetero- or homodimer. LVP1 subunits of H. zagrosensis potentially interact with adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), two key enzymes in regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, suggesting pharmacological properties of these identified proteins.

Utilization of Computed Tomography at the Aydin Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Research and Application Hospital: An Analysis of Preliminary Results on Patient Demographics and Case Distribution

This study examines the distribution of computed tomography (CT) usage at Aydin Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Research and Application Hospital between 2023 and 2024. CT, a widely adopted diagnostic tool in veterinary medicine, allows for detailed imaging of internal organs and anatomical structures, enhancing the diagnosis of complex cases. The study analyzed data from 143 animals, including dogs, cats, and other species, to assess the frequency of CT scans based on species, age, sex, breed, and imaged anatomical regions. A total of 350 CT scans were reviewed, with dogs (n=87) undergoing the majority of scans (200), followed by cats (n=50) with 175 scans, and other species accounting for 26 scans. Cranium, thorax, and abdomen were the most frequently imaged regions across all species. The study found that older animals, particularly large-breed dogs and male cats, required more imaging, while younger animals (0-6 months) underwent fewer CT scans. The findings emphasize the need for tailored diagnostic approaches based on species, age, and sex to improve early detection and treatment outcomes in veterinary practice. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential for expanding CT use in non-traditional veterinary species, with the goal of improving diagnostic precision. The results provide important insights for enhancing veterinary services through the strategic application of CT imaging.

Scientometric analysis of articles of respiratory gas mixtures and their application in emergency medicine

Relevance. In humans, specific respiratory gas mixtures (RGMs) significantly maximize the effect of anesthesia and treatment of certain diseases, as well as enhance body functional reserves and exercise performance. The objective is to identify major research prospects on the RGM capacity to optimize the functional status of humans, as represented in publications by Russian investigators.Methods. In response to the RGMs query, the Scientific Electronic Library search engine generated a dataset of 513 publications by Russian investigators, published from 2006 to 2023. For further analysis of the publications, the VOSviewer 1.6.20 software was implemented for clustering of keywords with a frequency of ≥ 4 presented in ≥ 8 publications either by individual authors or co-authorship networks.Results and discussion. The average annual number of articles was (23 ± 3). The dynamics of increasing publications were revealed. The scientometric analysis of the selected publications revealed that the content was highly demanded among readers. For instance, the average citation number per paper was 3.29, with a substantial self-citation rate of 30.2 %. Journals with the largest number of publications by top scientific networks were identified. The VOSviewer analysis produced 7 keyword clusters: Cluster 1 for xenon anesthesia – 258 papers (35 %) with the total link strength of 29 %; Cluster 2 for hypoxic training – 171 papers (23.2%) with the total link strength of 22.5 %; Cluster 3 for gas composition in confined spaces – 76 papers (10.3 %) and 22 % total link strength; Cluster 4 for oxygen-helium gas mixture – 132 papers (17.9 %) with 16.4 % total link strength; Cluster 5 for the neuroprotective effects of gas mixtures – 32 papers (4.3 %) with 3.6 % total link strength; Cluster 6 for the anti-stress effect of xenon-rich inhalation therapy – 40 papers (5.4 %) with 3.6 % total link strength; Cluster 7 for low-flow anesthesia – 28 papers (3.8 %) with 3.6 % total link strength.Conclusion. Scientometric studies can enhance the data support for scientific research of advanced strategies to optimize human functional status and increasing performance at work for professionals operating in extreme occupational environments.

Regenerative capacity of dental mesenchymal stem cells: a systematic review

Background: Oral mesenchymal cells already have wide clinical applications based on their tissue regenerative abilities. The purpose of this study is to present the picture of scientific research on the application of mesenchymal cells. Methods: This review study presents data processing of selected articles on clinical application of oral mesenchymal cells as a future of technology with relatively reduced cost. As inclusion criteria, there are articles that evaluated the regenerative abilities of cells prior to their oral origin. The exclusion criteria are mainly laboratory procedural techniques of manipulation with mesenchymal cells. From 735 articles screened for retrieval, 148 articles were found. After application of exclusion criteria, it was reached in total, about 38 selected articles were analyzed based on combinations of keywords on the PubMed page. These articles were classified based on concrete positive results and evasive results of studies on the role, mechanism of action, and field of application of oral mesenchymal cells. Results: The selection ratio of mesenchymal cells of pulpal origin or of periodontium origin is based on the first type of cells. Regardless of the fact that the trend of their application is again in the oral cavity, in a smaller percentage they tend to be applied for tissue regeneration in other organs. Discussion: There is a lack of “in vivo” type studies. The trend of articles is about review-type studies on the field of application of oral mesenchymal cells. Articles, where the field of application of mesenchymal cells is beyond the oral cavity for the purpose of application in regenerative medicine, occupy a reduced percentage. There are significant differences between differentiating abilities depending on the source from which these cells are taken from the oral cavity. This ability can be modeled by using growth factors, cytokines, bioactive substances, or local anesthetics.

Global research trends in traditional Chinese medicine therapy for acute leukemia: a comprehensive visualization and bibliometric analysis

ABSTRACT Background: The application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy to acute leukemia has been intensively investigated. However, the bibliometric analysis in this field has not been performed. This bibliometric study aimed to comprehensively analyze the research trends and active areas of TCM therapy for acute leukemia from 2000 to 2023. Methods: We searched articles and reviews published between 2000 and 2023 that discussed TCM in acute leukemia from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Knowledge mapping and bibliometric analysis were conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace software, and R-bibliometrix. Results: A total of 1,099 articles were included, with China, the United States, and Korea contributing the most papers. Most papers were published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Meanwhile, China saw a steady increase in the number of publications. The three leading institutions that made outstanding contributions were the China Medical University, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Efferth Thomas, Liu Wei, and Liu Jie were the top three productive authors, with Efferth T receiving the most co-citations. The most frequently cited reference was Shen ZX (1997). In the analysis of keywords co-occurrence, ‘survival,’ ‘risk factors,’ ‘nanoparticles,’ and ‘metabolism’ are the active research topics. Conclusion: This bibliometric study provides researchers with a comprehensive overview and significant value in understanding the development of TCM in acute leukemia treatment.

Ethnobotanical inventory and traditional medicinal applications of the flora in Kutwal Haramosh Valley, District Gilgit, Pakistan

Ethnobotanical inventory and traditional medicinal applications of the flora in Kutwal Haramosh Valley, District Gilgit, Pakistan

Database, prediction, and antibacterial research of astringency based on large language models

Astringency, a sensory experience causing mouth dryness, significantly impacts the taste of foods such as wine and tea, and astringent molecules may exhibit antibacterial properties. Traditional methods for predicting astringency are costly, and the connection between astringency and antibacterial activity remains largely unexplored. In this study, we present a pioneering computational approach that includes: (1) the creation of the first comprehensive astringency database comprising 238 molecules; (2) the development of a Ligand-Based Prediction (LBP) framework that combines large language models, deep learning, and traditional machine learning for enhanced molecular and peptide prediction; (3) an astringency predictor achieving 0.95 accuracy and 0.90 AUC, validated through electronic tongue measurements; (4) antibacterial predictors for molecules and peptides with accuracies of 0.92 and 0.88, respectively, revealing that 51 % of astringent molecules possess antibacterial properties; (5) accessibility of these predictors via the AstringentPD and ABPD web servers. This work not only enhances the understanding of taste-related molecules but also elucidates the relationship between astringency and antibacterial properties, setting the stage for future explorations in food science and medicinal applications.

Transition from afterglow to streamer discharge in an atmospheric capacitively coupled micro-plasma jet

This Letter focuses on the discharge mechanisms of an atmospheric pressure micro-plasma jet optimized for endoscopic applications in biology and medicine. This capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) features a concentric double flow allowing for shielding the Helium or Neon plasma gas with carbon dioxide from the humid ambient air. High-resolution optical emission spectroscopy allows for the analyses of the Stark effect of the He I 492.19 nm and the Hydrogen Hβ lines to determine the electric field (EF) and the electron density spatially resolved along the discharge expansion outside the source. EF in Neon at atmospheric pressure was reliably determined with the Stark shift measurement of the weak Ne I line at 515.196 nm. In both gases, the EF diagnostic revealed a steep transition from CCP afterglow to streamer discharge with a magnitude up to 30 kV/cm. This research is a significant step forward in the field of plasma medicine with a plasma source capable of delivering a reactive chemistry with or without an intense EF to the target.

Determining plasma dose using equivalent total oxidation potential (ETOP): Concept to practical application via machine learning

Atmospheric pressure nonequilibrium plasma holds significant potential in biomedical applications due to its ability to generate reactive species at low temperatures. However, accurately quantifying and controlling plasma dosage remains challenging. Although equivalent total oxidation potential (ETOP) has been proposed for defining dosage, previous methods required measurement of various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) densities, which are impractical in diverse plasma settings. Efficient ETOP prediction across variable conditions is thus essential. To address this, we propose a machine learning-based ETOP modeling method. This study collected RONS density data under various conditions using laser-induced fluorescence and trained an artificial neural network to predict ETOP values based on input parameters like voltage, gas flow rate, oxygen concentration, and humidity. This approach enables efficient ETOP prediction across variable conditions, supporting the standardization and clinical application of plasma medicine.

Organocatalytic Electrophilic Arene Amination: Rapid Synthesis of 2‐Quinolones

For decades, the synthesis of 2‐quinolones, a crucial structural motif in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, has relied heavily on costly noble metal complexes and structurally complex ligands. Despite considerable efforts from synthetic chemists, a mild, metal‐free, environmentally friendly, and cost‐effective approach has remained elusive. This study introduces a robust, metal‐free synthetic platform that leverages an innovative organoiodine‐catalyzed electrophilic arene C(sp2)‐H amination strategy to efficiently produce a wide range of new and modifiable 2‐quinolones. Moreover, this study allows ready synthetic access to novel 8‐aryl‐substituted 2‐quinolones, uncovering new chemical spaces with significant potential for medicinal applications.

Single-cell transcriptomic and cross-species comparison analyses reveal distinct molecular changes of porcine testes during puberty

The pig is an important model for studying human diseases and is also a significant livestock species, yet its testicular development remains underexplored. Here, we employ single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptomic landscapes across multiple developmental stages of Bama pig testes from fetal stage through infancy, puberty to adulthood, and made comparisons with those of humans and mice. We reveal an exceptionally early onset of porcine meiosis shortly after birth, and identify a distinct subtype of porcine spermatogonia resembling transcriptome state 0 spermatogonial stem cells identified in humans, which were previously thought to be primate specific. We also discover the persistent presence of proliferating progenitors for myoid cells in postnatal testes. The regulatory roles of Leydig cell steroidogenesis and estrogen synthesis in supporting cell lineages are also explored, including the potential impact of estrogen on Sertoli cell maturation and spermatogenesis. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into porcine testicular development, paving the way for future research in reproductive biology, advancements in agricultural breeding, and potential applications in translational medicine.

Dammarane-Type Saponins from the Leaves of Vietnamese Ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv.) and Their Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition In Vitro and In Silico.

Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv.) represents one of the famous Panax spp. for valuable applications in both traditional and modern medicine; in which, its rhizome part has mainly been used as the medicinal materials based on the bioactive ginsenosides such as ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rd, and majonoside R2. In modern medicine, the development of medicinal materials and utilization of medicinal plants are crucially based on standard bioactive ingredients, so this study to evaluate the leaves of Vietnamese ginseng as source of bioactive ginsenoside led to the identification of seven ginsenosides (1-7). Of them, ginsenoside Rd (2) and pseudoginsenoside RS1 (5) showed inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase in vitro with the IC50 values of 47.13 and 79.58 μM and supported by molecular docking analysis, in which ginsenoside Rd (2) and pseudoginsenoside RS1 (5) could play as allosteric inhibitors with high binding affinity (-8.5 and -9.4 kcal/mol) as evidenced by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The findings provided the scientific evidence for using the leaves of Vietnamese ginseng as an alternative source to the roots to enhance memory in traditional medicine as well as for further research on the anti-dementia effects of 2 and 5.

Recent Updates on the Secondary Metabolites from Fusarium Fungi and Their Biological Activities (Covering 2019 to 2024)

Fusarium species are commonly found in soil, water, plants, and animals. A variety of secondary metabolites with multiple biological activities have been recently isolated from Fusarium species, making Fusarium fungi a treasure trove of bioactive compounds. This mini-review comprehensively highlights the newly isolated secondary metabolites produced by Fusarium species and their various biological activities reported from 2019 to October 2024. About 276 novel metabolites were revealed from at least 21 Fusarium species in this period. The main metabolites were nitrogen-containing compounds, polyketides, terpenoids, steroids, and phenolics. The Fusarium species mostly belonged to plant endophytic, plant pathogenic, soil-derived, and marine-derived fungi. The metabolites mainly displayed antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities, suggesting their medicinal and agricultural applications. This mini-review aims to increase the diversity of Fusarium metabolites and their biological activities in order to accelerate their development and applications.

Photo-physical characterizations and evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potentials of green synthesized ackee (Blighia sapida) selenium nano-particles

BackgroundGreen synthesized nanoparticles have recently gained significant medicinal applications and oftentimes outperform their green sources. Selenium is of fundamental importance to human health, stemming from its distinctive physicochemical properties, such as antioxidant activity, inhibition of Lipid peroxidation, stabilization of membrane proteins, maintenance of membrane fluidity and modulation of cell signaling. Though reports have shown some therapeutic potential of Ackee plant parts such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, very few scientific proofs still exist in support of these effects.MethodsThis study synthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) from crude methanolic extracts of Ackee leaves (AKL) and Ackee arils (AKA), examined the photo-physical characteristics of the Se-NPs and determined the in-vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory potentials of AKL, AKA, and their Se-NPs using established protocols.ResultsIn both leaves and arils Se-NPs: UV spectroscopy revealed a qualitative absorbance at 310 nm; FTIR indicated multiple vibrations around 4000 cm−1- 400 cm−1; SEM images of 5 µm principally showed consistent size distribution of amorphous and granular shape at a magnification of 10,000X; while EDS spectra strongly confirm the presence of atomic Se compound at 30 kV. Various antioxidant activities assays carried out showed a range of approximately 4 to 60 times higher activities of the AKL, AKA, and Se-NPs than Ascorbic acid—the standard drug used. Furthermore, appreciable activities of more than 50% were obtained for alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities, along with highly significant activities of haemoglobin glycosylation, glucose uptake, membrane stabilization, anti-arthritic, anti-haemolysis activities, when AKL, AKA, and Se-NPs were compared with standard drugs.ConclusionEncouraging the development and utilization of AKL, AKA, and Se-NPs will provide tremendous therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability approaches towards the management of diabetes, inflammation, and other oxidative stress-related diseases.