Medical Industry Research Articles

Experimental Investigation of the Micro-Milling of Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloys: Selective Laser Melting and Wrought Ti6Al4V

AbstractIn recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained popularity in the aerospace, automobile, and medical industries due to its ability to produce complex profiles with minimal tolerances. Micro-milling is recommended for machining AM-based parts to improve surface quality and form accuracy. Therefore, the machinability of a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM) is explored and compared to that of wrought Ti6Al4V in micro-milling. The experimental results reveal the surface topology, chip morphology, burr formation, and tool wear characteristics of both samples. The micro-milling of AM-based Ti6Al4V generates a surface roughness of 19.2 nm, which is 13.9% lower than that of wrought workpieces, and this component exhibits less tool wear. SLM-based Ti6Al4V produces continuous chips, while wrought Ti6Al4V yields relatively short chips. Additionally, SLM-fabricated Ti6Al4V exhibits smaller burrs after micro-milling than wrought Ti6Al4V. Despite the higher hardness of SLM-based Ti6Al4V, it demonstrates better machinability than wrought Ti6Al4V, resulting in better surface quality with lower tool wear levels and shorter burr heights. This study provides valuable insights into future research on postprocessing AM-based titanium parts, especially using micro-milling.

Properties, Production, and Recycling of Regenerated Cellulose Fibers: Special Medical Applications

Regenerated cellulose fibers are a highly adaptable biomaterial with numerous medical applications owing to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and robust mechanical properties. In the domain of wound care, regenerated cellulose fibers facilitate a moist environment conducive to healing, minimize infection risk, and adapt to wound topographies, making it ideal for different types of dressings. In tissue engineering, cellulose scaffolds provide a matrix for cell attachment and proliferation, supporting the development of artificial skin, cartilage, and other tissues. Furthermore, regenerated cellulose fibers, used as absorbable sutures, degrade within the body, eliminating the need for removal and proving advantageous for internal suturing. The medical textile industry relies heavily on regenerated cellulose fibers because of their unique properties that make them suitable for various applications, including wound care, surgical garments, and diagnostic materials. Regenerated cellulose fibers are produced by dissolving cellulose from natural sources and reconstituting it into fiber form, which can be customized for specific medical uses. This paper will explore the various types, properties, and applications of regenerated cellulose fibers in medical contexts, alongside an examination of its manufacturing processes and technologies, as well as associated challenges.

Assessing the performance of non-specialised private hospitals in Malaysia - an upper-middle-income medical tourism destination country using the Pabón-Lasso model.

The government has rapidly promoted the privatisation of healthcare to improve systemic performance, based on the theory that markets improve efficiency. This study aims to measure the efficiency of private hospitals following their expansion and venture into the medical tourism industry through extensive governmental support. Inpatient utilisation of 101 private, non-specialised hospitals in Malaysia in 2014 and 2018 from the Health Informatics Centre, Ministry of Health Malaysia database was studied using paired samples t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Pabón-Lasso model. Better quantitative performance was found among larger hospitals, those with hospital accreditation, and those participating in medical tourism activities. There is a scale effect of efficiency between smaller and larger hospitals. However, when compared within respective size categories, Category 1 (small hospitals with less than 100 beds) has the highest percentage of efficient hospitals (39.3 per cent in 2014 and 35.7 per cent in 2018 in Sector 3 of the Pabón Lasso graphs). This study has found that a higher bed occupancy rate (BOR) and longer average length of stay (ALoS) are associated with larger private hospitals, hospital accreditation, and participation in medical tourism activities in Malaysia. There is a need to expedite strategic hospitals partnership for resource optimisation and capacity pooling towards producing better performance.

Implementation Of IoT-Based Optical Sensors For Real-Time Monitoring In Palm Oil Processing

Optical sensors are widely used in various industrial sectors, including petrochemical and medical industries, with applications ranging from oxygen level measurement, concentration of substances in a liquid, object detection, and more. Optical sensors can be used to detect the water content in oil, such as palm oil or other oils. In an industrial process, especially in the palm oil industry, the water content in oil must meet a maximum standard of 4.5%. Optical sensors can measure water content using various methods, such as Total Internal Reflection (TIR) or Mid-Infrared (MIR), and can be monitored in real-time using IoT-based applications. The utilization of sensitive optical technology takes advantage of changes in the refractive index caused by variations in water content in palm oil. The method employed involves the development of an optical sensor based on the Mid-Infrared principle, which measures the amount of light absorbed by water and the light reaching the sensor for comparison. The results of water content measurements in palm oil that have been conducted can only be implemented for water content measurements of 0-5% in palm oil, with a sensor response that is less than linear above 5% water content. By correcting the non-linearity error of the sensor, the data is reduced to produce measurement results that are closer to the actual water content in palm oil, which will be displayed on local monitoring and real-time or continuous monitoring through IoT using smartphones and PCs wirelessly via IoT-based applications

Laser Sintering of Metal Powders: Failure Analysis and Implementation of Solutions for Aluminium and Stainless Steel Parts

Abstract In this research, the failures and possible solutions of direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) have been investigated, with the aim of presenting an overview of the current state of science and possible technical solutions to the various challenges and potential solutions. DMLS technology allows to produce high density parts and has proven to be suitable for the cost-effective production of both mass-produced and individual parts in the automotive, aerospace, medical and hydrogen technology industries. This study reveals the fundamental principles, potential benefits, and limitations of metal 3D printing. The defects are categorized into those related to raw materials and those caused by the manufacturing process. The properties of the parts fabricated by this method are mainly depending on the quality of the raw material and the intensity of the laser beam. Clusters of raw materials have a negative impact on the whole manufacturing process, requiring their investigation and avoidance. Another critical defect identified is the significant internal stress generated during the manufacturing process. Various methods are developed to quantify and mitigate these internal stresses. This study provides a detailed analysis of these defects and their impacts, along with a review of literature-based solutions. Among the evaluated and implemented solutions, emphasis is placed on the effects of preheating the build plate and post-process heat treatment. Future objectives and research directions are proposed, presenting and assessing alternative solutions such as Vibratory Stress Relief (VSR) and Thermo-Vibratory Stress Relief (TVSR), which combine heat treatment with vibration. In the scope of the research, the process by which the most common failures occur, and their potential outcomes was reviewed. Special attention was given to deformation caused by internal stress and the possibilities for its mitigation. The feasibility of applying a new approach was investigated, and future research objectives were outlined. SEM imaging was employed to conduct and analyse the grain size of stainless-steel raw material, and agglomerates were observed in the post-print recycled powder.

Sports poverty alleviation: concept and model innovation for the development of Chinese sports towns in the new Era

In recent years, sports-themed towns have emerged as a key component in China's rural revitalization and poverty alleviation strategy, integrating sports, culture, tourism, and health industries to drive regional economic and social development. However, the literature often overlooks their long-term impact on social, cultural, and community development. Research aims to explore the concept of “sports poverty alleviation” and propose a new development model for sports towns in China, focusing on economic growth as well as social and cultural enhancement, public health, community integration. The study employs mixed methods, including documentary analysis and empirical research, to evaluate the effectiveness of various sports town models in poverty alleviation. Findings reveal that while these towns successfully boost short-term economic growth, especially through tourism and events, their sustainability is challenged by homogenization and a lack of competitiveness. Many towns fail to capitalize on local cultural and natural resources, and while they contribute to immediate economic benefits, they often lack long-term employment and integration strategies for local communities. Successful cases like the Mashan model demonstrate how integrating local resources and cultural identity with sports industries can lead to sustainable development and poverty alleviation. The research concludes that a more holistic approach to the development of sports towns in China is needed. Economic benefits should be complemented by a focus on social, cultural, and community development to ensure long-term success. The proposed innovative development models offer practical solutions to enhance the uniqueness and sustainability of sports towns, contributing to China's rural revitalization and poverty alleviation efforts.

Leveraging Industry 4.0 for marketing strategies in the medical device industry of emerging economies.

This research investigates the impact of the technologies through an integrated Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) and VIKOR model to determine their viability as a marketing strategy for business growth in the Prosthetics and Orthotics (P&O) medical device industry. Based on expert data, the study evaluates the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies and ranks them by priority for marketing performance: "Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning" (0.3295), "Internet of Things" (0.4325), "Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality" (0.5000), and "Big Data" (0.5704). The findings confirm that the proposed model effectively Leverage the industry 4.0 technologies to enhance marketing strategies, using Pakistan as a case study. This research serves as a blueprint for addressing the integration of next-generation marketing tools, technological advancements, and business growth challenges in the P&O industry. It contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the role of technology in improving healthcare marketing and business performance in emerging markets. Future research should explore the broader impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on healthcare marketing, focusing on strategic decision-making, efficient marketing resource allocation, and performance measurement to ensure sustained success in the P&O medical device sector. The study concludes that prioritizing Industry 4.0 technologies, however, limitations such as sample size, data collection constraints, and model complexity may Leverage the generalizability of the results. Future research should address these limitations by expanding the scope of expert involvement and exploring the application of this model in other emerging economies, to further validate the findings and assess the broader implications for healthcare marketing strategies globally.

A Systematic Review on Drug-to-Drug Interaction Prediction and Cryptographic Mechanism for Secure Drug Discovery Using AI Techniques

Recently, poly-pharmacy persistence has greatly improved in treating multiple diseases effectively. However, determining potential drug–drug interaction (DDIs) during the drug design is critical for controlling the target clinical drug during secure testing. In the medical field, DDIs are significant for disease diagnosis and treatment, mainly aiding researchers in predicting the link between biomolecules for efficient drug discovery (DD). Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently witnessed researchers accurately predict DDIs at minimum time consumption. Although the AI models show accurate results by aiding physicians to determine poly-pharmacy, several unresolvable issues remain in promoting reliability due to high error, complexity and cost-effectiveness. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review using AI techniques (machine learning (ML)–deep learning (DL) models) and security enhancement techniques to improve DDI prediction and DD, respectively. The recent state of DDI prediction and the security concerns are presented initially, along with a short discussion about the need for effective techniques. Then, the critical evaluation related to existing studies is analyzed and compared to current issues faced in those existing studies. Various pharmaceutical drugs and their pros are also surveyed in addition to the security analysis for the newly invented drugs. Several assessment measures for the surveyed techniques are also conquered and put forth the need for advancements in future techniques effectively. The performance variations produced by the existing studies are also surveyed, and their use in the medical industry is also provided in this review study. The review of this research encourages the researchers to analyze the various issues faced in the pharmaceutical industry so that a novel technique can be introduced in the upcoming studies.

H9 Consensus Hemagglutinin Subunit Vaccine with Adjuvants Induces Robust Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses in Mice by Intranasal Administration

The H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses mainly cause respiratory symptoms, reduce the egg production and fertility of poultry, and result in secondary infections, posing a great threat to the poultry industry and human health. Currently, all H9N2 avian influenza commercial vaccines are inactivated vaccines, which provide protection for immunized animals but cannot inhibit the spread of the virus and make it difficult to distinguish between the infected animals and vaccinated animals. In this study, a trimeric consensus H9 hemagglutinin (HA) subunit vaccine for the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus based on a baculovirus expression system was first generated, and then the effects of three molecular adjuvants on the H9 HA subunit vaccine, Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB), flagellin, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) fused with H9 HA, and one synthetic compound, a polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C) adjuvant, were evaluated in mice by intranasal administration. The results showed that these four adjuvants enhanced the immunogenicity of the H9 HA subunit vaccine for avian influenza viruses, and that GM-CSF and PolyI:C present better mucosal adjuvant activity for the H9 HA subunit vaccine. These results demonstrate that we have developed a potential universal H9 HA mucosal subunit vaccine with adjuvants in a baculovirus system that would be helpful for the prevention and control of H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses.

Impact of hydrothermal aging on microstructure transformation in Poly(L‐lactide) nonwovens under tension in condition close to a living organism

AbstractThe analysis of mechanical properties and structure of bioresorbable polymer nonwoven materials is an important area of research in the medical industry, the properties and structure of which directly affect the processes of cellular activity. In this work, the processes of reorganization of the fibrous microstructure of poly(l‐lactide) nonwoven materials under uniaxial tension in a water environment were investigated. The study which included volumetric ultrasound imaging, mechanical testing, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, and melting rate measurements was the first attempt to identify correlations between the mechanical behavior of fibrous meshes and changes in the supramolecular structure of the polymer during 3 months of hydrothermal aging T = 37°C. An increase in crystallinity by 4%, a shift of glass transition temperature by 4°C, and a 2 times increase in melt flow rate under hydrolysis were indicated degradation of the amorphous phase. Local degradation of the amorphous phase of fibers led to the formation of surface cracks, an increase in the number of microcracks during hydrothermal aging resulted in a decrease in the mobility of fibers in the volume of the nonwoven material and a decrease in the elasticity of the entire nonwoven material, which was revealed using the volume ultrasound imaging and optical microphotographs.

Automatic screening of retinal lesions for detecting diabetic retinopathy using adaptive multiscale MobileNet with abnormality segmentation from public dataset

ABSTRACT Owing to the epidemic growth of diabetes, ophthalmologists need to examine the huge fundus images for diagnosing the disease of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). Without proper knowledge, people are too lethargic to detect the DR. Therefore, the early diagnosis system is requisite for treating ailments in the medical industry. Therefore, a novel deep model-based DR detection structure is recommended to fix the aforementioned difficulties. The developed deep model-based diabetic retinopathy detection process is performed adaptively. The DR detection process is imitated by garnering the images from benchmark sources. The gathered images are further preceded by the abnormality segmentation phase. Here, the Residual TransUNet with Enhanced loss function is used to employ the abnormality segmentation, and the loss function in this structure may be helpful to lessen the error in the segmentation procedure. Further, the segmented images are passed to the final phase of retinopathy detection. At this phase, the detection is carried out through the Adaptive Multiscale MobileNet. The variables in the AMMNet are optimized by the Adaptive Puzzle Optimization to obtain better detection performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the offered approach is confirmed by the experimentation procedure over various performance indices.

Functional expression of recombinant insulins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Since 1982, recombinant insulin has been used as a substitute for pancreatic insulin from animals. However, increasing demand in medical and food industries warrants the development of more efficient production methods. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel and efficient method for insulin production using a yeast secretion system. Here, insulin C-peptide was replaced with a hydrophilic fusion partner (HL18) containing an affinity tag for the hypersecretion and easy purification of proinsulin. The HL18 fusion partner was then removed by in vitro processing with the Kex2 endoprotease (Kex2p), and authentic insulin was recovered via affinity chromatography. To improve the insulin functions, molecular chaperones of the host strain were reinforced via the constitutive expression of HAC1. The developed method was successfully applied for the expression of cow, pig, and chicken insulins in yeast. Moreover, biological activity of recombinant insulins was confirmed by growth stimulation of cell line. Therefore, replacement of the C-peptide of insulin with the HL18 fusion partner and use of Kex2p for in vitro processing of proinsulin guarantees the economic production of animal insulins in yeast.

Value-Based Healthcare in Practice: IDEATE, a Collaboration to Design and Test an Outcomes-Based Agreement for a Medicine in Wales.

To develop a sustainable, scalable methodology for the design of outcome-based agreements (OBAs) that works on the ground and dynamically overcomes historical challenges. Project IDEATE co-created solutions to known (and emergent) challenges via iterative workshops and real-world data analysis to develop and refine a hypothetical model for an OBA in a trusted research environment. A cross-disciplinary collaboration between National Health Service (NHS) Wales, industry and academia was developed. Data were collected from Welsh national datasets and used to construct a novel linked dataset. OBA scenarios, with different contract parameters, were analysed to assess impact on the proportion of contract payment due and the volatility of payments. An approved, in market, locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer treatment was selected as the test case. The total number of patients in the treatment cohort (2017-2020) was n = 99, and 286 in the control cohort (2014-2016). The final outcome variables selected were: (1) 1-year survival,( 2) intolerance to treatment (deferral), and (3) the total days disrupted by care. The primary scenario included all three outcomes measured at the population level and used a linear payment model. Volatility analyses demonstrated contract parameters can dramatically alter the contract output with greatest risk from a single, binary outcome contract design. The design of an OBA is a complex process that requires a multi-disciplinary approach. By assessing solutions to data, outcomes and contracting challenges, IDEATE provides a strong foundation for future success of OBAs in the UK. Outcome-based agreements (OBAs) are a way to pay for medicines if they help patienthealth in a specific way over time. These agreements can make it faster for people to get new medicines, but they also have challenges, like needing a lot of time and effort to manage them. A team from the NHS Wales, life sciences, and Swansea University created Project IDEATE to find a better way to design OBAs and solve some of these problems. Welsh datasets were used to create a new breast cancer dataset to test different OBAs and see how payments would change. A breast cancer treatment was used for the project. The project had 99 patients who got the medicine (2017-2020) and 286 patients who had breast cancer but did not get the medicine (2014-2016). Three health outcomes were measured: (1) living for one year after treatment, (2) patients needing to stop the medicine, and (3) days spent in care. The main OBA option we tested used all three health outcomes; the more the outcomes improved, the more the payments could go up until they hit the highest amount agreed. The analysis showed that the way an OBA is designed can make a big difference in how stable or risky it is, especially if one ofthe health outcomes has only two options. Project IDEATE showed that making an OBA can be hard, but when people from different fields work together, they can overcome many challenges and succeed.

PROBLEMS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE POLICY OF THE PROVISION OF MEDICAL SERVICES BY THE PRIMARY LINK OF MEDICAL AID IN UKRAINE

The article highlights key issues related to management at the level of primary health care in Ukraine. The focus is on aspects such as the growing role of primary care. Primary care is the foundation of the health care system, providing a patient's first contact with health services, prevention, diagnosis and treatment. It is especially important in the conditions of limited financial resources to continue the reforms of the medical industry in Ukraine. The article raises the issue of the availability of medical care: the relevance of management problems is due to uneven access to medical services in rural areas and remote regions. Improving the management of the medical field is necessary to overcome these difficulties. The article examines current problems in the field of primary medical care and ways to overcome them through the reform of state policy in the field of health care. The authors explore key challenges facing primary care, including insufficient funding, lack of qualified staff, uneven distribution of resources, and lack of effective governance mechanisms at various levels. Attention is paid to the issues of ensuring the availability of medical services, the quality of medical care and the implementation of new models of the organization of medical institutions. The article analyzes the reformative steps aimed at improving the functioning of the primary health care system, in particular, the introduction of family medicine and increasing the role of general practitioners. The role of state funding and the involvement of local communities in the management of medical institutions is considered separately. The conclusions emphasize the importance of improving the state's primary health care policy by strengthening financial support, infrastructure development, and improving the qualifications of medical workers to ensure a sustainable and effective health care system in Ukraine. The topic of economic challenges and management efficiency is interesting for analysis. Optimizing the use of financial resources requires their effective use, finding ways to increase the economic sustainability of healthcare institutions.

Chemical Composition, Biological Activity, and Application of Rosa damascena Essential Oil as an Antimicrobial Agent in Minimally Processed Eggplant Inoculated with Salmonella enterica

Rosa damascena is mostly grown for its usage in the food, medical, and perfume industries, while it is also used as an attractive plant in parks, gardens, and homes. The use of R. damascena essential oil may yield new results in relation to the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their use mainly in extending the shelf life of foods. This study investigates the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of Rosa damascena essential oil (RDEO) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and various bioassays to explore its potential applications in food preservation and microorganism growth control. The GC-MS analysis revealed that RDEO is predominantly composed of phenylethyl alcohol (70%), which is known for its antimicrobial and aromatic properties. Additionally, other significant constituents were identified, including nerol, citronellol, and geraniol, which may contribute to the EOs overall bioactivity. The antimicrobial activity was assessed through the minimal inhibition concentration against five Candida yeast strains, four Gram-positive, and four Gram-negative bacteria, including biofilm-forming Salmonella enterica. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) revealed the strongest effects of RDEO’s on Gram-negative species, with MIC50 values as low as 0.250 mg/mL for S. enterica. Moreover, an in situ assessment utilizing fruit and vegetable models demonstrated that the vapor phase of RDEO significantly suppressed microbial growth, with the most substantial reductions observed on kiwi and banana models. As a result of our study, the antimicrobial effect of RDEO on the microbiota of sous vide processed eggplant was detected, as well as an inhibitory effect on S. enterica during storage. The insecticidal activity against Megabruchidius dorsalis Fahreus, 1839, was also studied in this work and the best insecticidal activity was found at the highest concentrations. These results suggest that RDEO has the potential to serve as a natural antimicrobial agent in food preservation and safety applications, providing an alternative to synthetic preservatives.

In-Depth Examination of the Functionality and Performance of the Internet Hospital Information Platform: Development and Usability Study.

Internet hospitals (IHs) have rapidly developed as a promising strategy to address supply-demand imbalances in China's medical industry, with their capabilities directly dependent on information platform functionality. Furthermore, a novel theory of "Trinity" smart hospital has provided advanced guidelines on IH constructions. This study aimed to explore the construction experience, construction models, and development prospects based on operational data from IHs. Based on existing information systems and internet service functionalities, our hospital has built a "Smart Hospital Internet Information Platform (SHIIP)" for IH operations, actively to expand online services, digitalize traditional health care, and explore health care services modes throughout the entire process and lifecycle. This article encompasses the platform architecture design, technological applications, patient service content and processes, health care professional support features, administrative management tools, and associated operational data. Our platform has presented a set of data, including 82,279,669 visits, 420,120 online medical consultations, 124,422 electronic prescriptions, 92,285 medication deliveries, 6,965,566 prediagnosis triages, 4,995,824 offline outpatient appointments, 2025 medical education articles with a total of 15,148,310 views, and so on. These data demonstrate the significant role of IH as an indispensable component of our physical hospital services, with deep integration between online and offline health care systems. The upward trends in various data metrics indicate that our IH has gained significant recognition and usage among both the public and healthcare workers, and may have promising development prospects. Additionally, the platform construction approach, which prioritizes comprehensive service digitization and the 'Trinity' of the public, healthcare workers, and managers, serves as an effective means of promoting the development of Internet Hospitals. Such insights may prove invaluable in guiding the development of IH and facilitating the continued evolution of the Internet healthcare sector.

Analysis of Newcastle disease virus prevalence in wild birds reveals interhost transmission of genotype VI strains.

Surveillance of Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) has been conducted primarily in poultry, but their prevalence in wild birds remains largely unknown. Increasing our understanding of the ecology and evolution of NDVs in different species of birds will help us develop better prevention and control strategies. In this study, large-scale epidemiological sampling of resident wild birds in Guangxi from 2016 to 2019 was performed. The results demonstrated that different genotypes, especially genotype VI NDVs, circulated among resident wild birds. Our findings highlight the potential threat to the pigeon industry and public health.

Unraveling the genetic and physiological potential of donkeys: insights from genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches.

Donkeys (Equus asinus) have played a vital role in agriculture, transportation, and companionship, particularly in developing regions where they are indispensable working animals. The domestication of donkeys marked a significant turning point in human history, as they became essential for transportation, agriculture, and trade, especially in arid and semi-arid areas where their resilience and endurance were highly valued. In modern society, donkeys are indispensable due to their diversified applications, including meat, dairy, medicine, and functional bioproducts, supporting economic, cultural, and medical industries. Despite their critical importance, research on donkeys has historically been overshadowed with studies on horses. However, recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics have significantly deepened our understanding of the molecular landscape of donkey genome, uncovering their unique adaptations, genetic diversity, and potential therapeutic applications. Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers have proven effective in assessing the genetic diversity of donkeys across various regions of the world. Additionally, significant strides have been made in characterizing differentially abundant genes, proteins, and metabolic profiles in donkey milk, meat, and skin, and in identifying specific genes/proteins/metabolites associated with sperm quality, motility, and reproduction. Advanced genomic technologies, such as genome-wide association studies and the identification of selection signatures, have also been instrumental in delineating genomic regions associated with phenotypic and adaptive traits. This review integrates data from diverse studies, including those on genetic diversity, transcriptomics, whole genome sequencing, protein analysis, and metabolic profiling, to provide a comprehensive overview of donkey biology. It underscores the unique characteristics of donkeys and emphasizes the importance of continued research to improve their genetic management, conservation, and agricultural use, ensuring their ongoing contribution to human societies.

The Synergistic and Chimeric Mechanism of Bacteriophage Endolysins: Opportunities for Application in Biotherapeutics, Food, and Health Sectors.

A major growing concern in the human and animal health sector is the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. The exogenous application of bacteriophage endolysins causes abrupt lysis of the bacterial cell wall, which computes them as alternatives to antibiotics. Although naturally occurring endolysins may display limitations in solubility, lytic activity, and narrow lytic spectrum, novel strategies like developing chimeric endolysins and using endolysins in synergism with other antimicrobial agents are required to improve the lytic activity of natural endolysins. The modular structure of endolysins led to the development of novel chimeric endolysins via shuffling enzymatic and cell wall binding domains of different endolysins, using endolysins in a synergistic approach, and their applications in various in vitro and in vivo experiments and different applicable areas. This article aims to review the role of chimeric endolysins and their use in synergistic mode with other biofilm-reducing agents to control biofilm formation and deteriorating pre-formed biofilms in food, dairy, and medical industries. Promoting further development of phage technology and innovation in antibiotic therapy can achieve long-term sustainable development and economic returns.

Importance of Cybersecurity/The Relevance of Cybersecurity to Diabetes Devices: An Update from Diabetes Technology Society.

As medical devices become more integrated with wireless technologies, the risks of cyberattacks and data breaches increase, making stringent cybersecurity measures essential. The implementation of rigorous cybersecurity standards is essential for enhancing the cybersecurity of devices. This article examines the evolving cyber threats faced by the medical technology industry, the role of IEEE 2621 in providing comprehensive security benchmarks for medical devices, and the need for continuous risk assessments and adherence to regulatory standards to mitigate future cyber risks. Adherence to cybersecurity standards establishes ensures the effective protection of sensitive data and critical infrastructure.