Medical Eld Research Articles

Clustering algorithm for the connected model of repeated measurements and survival data: Application to HIV study

The cluster analysis is dividing the individuals into clusters or groups. This job is valuable and helpful to provide facts and information about individuals. Here in this paper we proposed the cluster analysis for special model. It is the connected model for repeated measures called longitudinal and survival for individuals or patients. The statistical analysis of the connected model from the longitudinal and survival datasets becoming popular recently because it comes together in many medical applications. Here in this study, we utilized two statistical methods, cluster analysis and, connect the two models from longitudinal and survival data. It is beneficial since it gather the information from the repeated measurements, and survival responses. The shared random effect term is used joint multivariate Gaussian distribution (longitudinal) and Cox proportional hazard model (survival) for the same patients. Then, the pseudo-likelihood algorithm (clustering methodology) is performed for the joint model to distinguish the clusters or groups of patents. The application is HIV patient’s dataset with CD4+ counts responses and time to death (survival data) with some independent variables as gender and drug treatments. We conducted the clustering for S=2, and estimate the parameters from the longitudinal and survival models with and without clustering, and compare the estimations. Our results showed the generated clusters are different from each other, the estimation parameters be located around the original estimations (without clustering). It is helpful methodology to identify distinct groups or clusters from population. Finally, there is a big need for this type of application in medical elds.

ACUTE MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA WITH BOWEL GANGRENE:CASE SERIES IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

Introduction: Acute Mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a worrisome clinical condition leading to end stage irreversible bowel necrosis. Inspite of advances in medical eld, it continues to remain a diagnostic challenge for surgeons leading to delay in diagnosis and high mortality. In this series we present 8 cases of AMI with bowel gangrene treated surgically with an aim to describe its presentation and various management strategies at our institution. This prospective series of patients operated for acute mesenteri Methodology: c ischemia with bowel gangrene was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India from January 2021 to August 2022. All patients presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain, features of obstruction with or without peritonitis operated with a pre operative diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia conrmed radiologically were taken for the study. This series comprised of 8 patients, of which 5 (62.5%) were Results: male and 3 (37.5%) were female. The mean age of patients was 58.5 ± 8.9 years with a range from 45 to 75 years. The most consistent presenting feature was abdominal pain (100%) followed by vomiting (50%) and distension (50%). Four (50%) of patients had a pre-existing cardiac illness. The mean length of hospital stay was 7.6 ± 3.87 days. Post operative complication occurred in 4 patients. The mortality rate in our series was 37.5%. AMI is a life threatening vascular Conclusion: emergency with high mortality and morbidity. Most present in a delayed stage where irreversible bowel ischemia has set in requiring emergency laparotomy. High index of clinical suspicion is required for early diagnosis and prompt effective treatment to prevent disastrous consequences.

PARAQUAT- A DEADLY POISON :REPORT OF A CASE AND REVIEW

Paraquat is one of the most dangerous poisons in the medical eld as Ingestion of small quantities (>10mL) may damage lung irreversibly and also lead to renal failure causing to death. The paraquat is sold in more than 130 countries around the world to be used in small as well as large farms. The easy availability of this poison makes it a commonly employed agent for suicide. More than 93% of deaths due to paraquat poisoning are suicidal in nature and most of them are occurring in developing countries. The clinical features vary from case to case based on the amount and type of compound consumed. As it is a fatal condition, early diagnosis and proper management is warranted which can reduce the morbidity and mortalities. But sometimes early diagnosis may not save the victim as in our case. We present a case wherein the victim succumbed to acute respiratory distress following consumption of paraquat.

PHARMACO-THERAPEUTIC REVIEW OF PATOLADI GANA FROM ASHTANG HRIDYA

Patoladi Gana mentioned in Ashtang Hridya is a formulation which is a combination of Patol, Kutaki, Chandan, Murva, Guduchi and Patha.This formulation has caught the attention because of its therapeutic potential. In Ayurveda, this Gana has various therapeutic indications. The contents of this Gana are enriched with several phytochemical constituents having tremendous pharmacological properties. In general, phytoconstituents play a vital role in the treatment of various diseases and for the improvement of human health. This Patoladi Gana is known to be having antioxidant, anti-inammatory, immunomodulator, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and many more therapeutic applications. To grab all the benets of this formulation, its phytoconstituents and pharmacotherapeutic aspect have to be thoroughly studied. This review can be very useful for researchers in medical eld to nd out solutions for many modern diseases. The current review is focused on phytochemical constituents of Patoladi Gana along with its pharmacological activities and its therapeutic use. It also sheds light on the action of this drug as per Ayurveda. The review will pave a path for researchers to study this formulation further for therapeutic benets.

A Survey on Applications of Sampling Operators in Image Processing

The objective of this paper is to present a brief study of linear and non-linear cases of univariate and multivariateKantorovich sampling operators and their applications to image processing. This kind of operators are verysuitable to study applications to Signal and Image Processing. Image processing through sampling operatorsplays a crucial part in the diagnosis of Arterial diseases. The visual and empirical assessment of cardiac structureand function is an important challenge faced by medical elds and hospitals.

AUTONOMOUS SURGERY USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

This paper provides a critical evaluation of the use of Articial Intelligence in laparoscopic surgery. It aims to evaluate and identify the feasibility of implementing machine learning in existing surgical robots to perform autonomous surgery. More specically, it looks at whether a machine learning algorithm, given a set of simple instructions, can perform a laparoscopic cholecystectomy autonomously. It evaluates the ability of such an algorithm to identify various parts of the body during the surgery and whether it can follow short instructions step-by-step in an organised manner to conduct the surgery. The paper also considers the feasibility of implementing such an algorithm in an existing surgical robot such as the da Vinci Xi. The paper begins by evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of a robotic cholecystectomy. It looks at the various machines used for this purpose and assesses their abilities and limitations. It then aims to identify which of these machines is most suitable for performing autonomous surgery using machine learning. It then looks at the current use of autonomous surgery in the medical eld and its implementation to date. It evaluates which algorithms are suitable for this purpose and to what extent they can function. Finally, it gives the limitations of this method and the unexplored factors of this research

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF PAKSHAGHATA (CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT) A CASE STUDY

Stroke represents the third most common cause of death in developed nations and is one of the leading causes of death and disability in India. Stroke is dened as the rapid onset of focal neurological decit resulting from cerebral vasculature and its contents. This disease has posed a great problem to the medical eld as far as its treatment is concerned. There is a wealth of information available on the cause, prevention, risk, and treatment of stroke. Even then much, less is known about the treatment of the stroke, there is no any satisfactory and widely acceptable measure for the stroke. The present article deals with the diagnosed case of hemorrhagic stroke presenting with right sided hemiplegia, Right basal ganglia bleed with epsilateral minimal midline shift. The Ayurvedic diagnosis of vama pakshaghata and managed with Virechana Karma (Detoxication therapy), Manjishtadi khseera basti (Administration of a medicated colloidal solution through rectum), Pratimarsha Nasya (Instillation of medicated oil through nasal route). Assessment was made before and after the treatment using National Institute of Health Score Scale (NIH-SS). Maximum improvement was noticed in the symptoms of aphasia and dysarthria. There was also improvement in the left upper and lower extremity functions. At the end of the treatment patient could walk without support. Panchakarma play a pivotal role in the management of stroke/ Pakshaghata. The recuperation was assuring and worth documenting.

INTERNET OF THINGS: ALEXA APPLICATION IN DENTISTRY: A FUTURISTIC REVIEW

The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects or 'things' that are embedded with sensors, software and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has revolutionized health care sector drastically since last decade. Recent advances in digital world have helped to achieve prevention and management of chronic diseases by the IoMT technology based devices in medical eld. Advanced science, cloud technology, and new generations of smart-phones with integrated apps have helped patients to track their diseases continuously on daily basis. Dentistry has also transformed completely due to establishment of computer-based advanced technologies, new preventive disease measures, and improved diagnostic techniques in last few years. Internet of Dental Things (IoDT) is an innovative approach to achieve prevention and management of dental caries, periodontal diseases, oral cancers, and other dental diseases. IoDT could play vital role in collection and monitoring of patients' data for oral health care; moreover this data could be used in eventual risk assessment and further research. This paper reviews IoT and its possible application in dentistry; additionally it also introduces IoDT technology dependent oral heath-care model and architecture applied to dentistry. In addition, it also reviews data collection devices used with reference to IoDT technology. Thus the overview compiles recent studies on arising digital progressions in dentistry and recommends IoDT as the futuristic advent in the advanced clinical dentistry.

STRESS-THE SILENT KILLER OF SAVIORS?

Medical professionals work under tremendous stress of patient’s uctuating health issues, stress of workplace, stress of sleep deprivation, nancial stress and stress of coping up with the ever growing knowledge in the medical eld. Moreover due to their busy schedules and lack of exercise, medical professionals are at higher risk of developing obesity, hypertension and other lifestyle diseases. In this context we had done this study regarding the Inter-relationship between stress, Waist Circumference and Blood pressure by using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in medical professionals in our institute and subsequently create awareness amongst the medical fraternity

ELEVATED INTERLEUKIN–6 AND FERRITIN LEVELS EXACERBATE SEVERITY OF 2019 NOVEL CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19): A PILOT STUDY

Background & objectives: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a big challenge for scientic and medical eld. Progression of severe disease is a difcult problem in treatment. Therefore, there is essential need to recognize severe forms of COVID-19 early in the disease course. Identication of effective biomarkers are able to classify patients based on severity. In this pilot study, we aimed to validate the association between immunologic biomarkers Interleukin-6 and ferritin with the severity of the COVID-19. Methods: A total of 1443 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were enrolled including a severe group and a nonsevere group. Baseline clinical characteristics were collected. Serum interleukin-6 and ferritin were measured and the resultant data was statistically analyzed. Results: The most common initial symptoms were fever (68.81%) and cough (47.82%), followed by loss of appetite (9.28%), fatigue (17.46%) and breathlessness (15.52%). Level of IL-6 and Ferritin were signicantly higher in the severe patients (p<.05 for both) compared with nonsevere patients. Interpretation & conclusions: This pilot study conrmed that IL-6 and ferritin biomarkers are closely associated with the severity of COVID-19. Assessment of these biomarkers could be helpful to medical practitioners in starting treatment and close monitoring against COVID-19 infection which could improve prognosis and lower mortality

Supporting Knowledge Transfer From Secondary Studies to Software Engineering Practice

Researchers have been arguing that there is a lack of connection between Secondary Studies (SSs) and Software Engi-neering (SE) practice. The medical eld has faced the same prob-lem, and recently introduced the concept of brie ngs/summaries, and Rapid Reviews as alternatives to transfer knowledge to prac-tice.Goal: The overarching goal of this research is to investigate, pro-pose, and evaluate strategies to support researchers to transfer knowledge from SSs to SE practice.Method: First, we investigated how SSs in SE cover practition-ers» issues reported in StackExchange, a leading Question & An-swer platform. Second, we generated Evidence Brie ngs based on those SSs in order to propose a medium to transfer knowledge to practice. Third, we are planning to conduct an action research, with close collaboration with practitioners, in order explore and evaluate the applicability of Rapid Reviews in SE practice. Preliminary Results: Among 424 practitioners» issues on Stack Exchange, that were considered as related to a set o selected SSs, the SSs could successfully cover 14.1% (60) of them. Based on a qualitative techniques, we identi ed 45 recurrent issues spread in many SE topics. Additionally, both practitioners and researchers positively evaluated the content and format of 12 Evidence Brief-ings that we created based on SSs.Conclusions: Our results until now corroborate with claims that SSs lack connection with practice. On the other side, the good reception of the Evidence Brie ngs shows a possible route toward an e ective knowledge transfer from SSs to practice.

Effect of Virechana in the management of Oligoasthenozoospermia (Shukradushti): A Case Report

Background: Low sperm count (oligozoospermia) and reduced motility of sperms (asthenozoospermia) is the main causes of male infertility and it is correlated with Shukradushti (vitiation of sperm) and is a problem of global proportions. Worldwide infertility is affecting on an average 8-12% of couples. Infertile men may higher risk of developing other health problems such as diabetes, heart diseases and substance abuse disorders. Ayurveda advocated that, to produce a progeny four things are necessary i.e. Ritu (reproductive age and ovulation period), Kshetra (female reproductive tract), Ambu (nutritional factors) and Bija (sperm & ovum). If there is Dusti (disturbance) in any one of the above factors it would lead into infertility. The modern medical eld has now started realizing its importance and a new branch known as Andrology has been developed recently which is still in the process of producing a satisfactory management for the current problem. Virechana (medically induced purgation) is one among the ve cleansing procedure described in Ayurveda which is said to be benecial in reliving the disturbances of Dosha (bodily humour) & Dhatus (body tissue). Shukra being on among the seven Dhatus, Virechana has a signicant potential to relieve the vitiation/disturbances in it. Aim: To assess the efficacy of Virechana in the management of Oligoasthenozoospermia. Materials & Methods: The present case study is upon a 34 year old, diagnosed case of oligoasthenozoospermia who attended the Panchakarma OPD at Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. Virechana was done as per the classical method. Assessment was done after Virechana and after 15 days of follow up. Result: The sperm analysis showed an increase of Total sperm count from 01 million/ml to 65 million/ml. Conclusion: Virechana procedure has shown an effective and safe method of increasing the sperm count to a signicant level along with the increase in sperm motility. Hence the therapy might may be of signicant benets in patients suffering from oligoasthenozoospermia.

Virtual endoscopy: from simulation to optimization of an active endoscope

The design and realization of micro robotic devices in the medical eld enable the oper- ating gesture to be assisted. So a polyarticulated device actuated with shape memory alloy (SMA) springs for endoscopy is developed in collaboration with the Laboratoire de Robotique de Paris. In this paper, a simulator realization, based on an original simulation platform (OpenMASK), of this structure is described. A numerical representation of the inspected network obtained by magnetic resonance imaging is used. A contact detection algorithm, which will be described, allows to deter- mine the interaction forces between the endoscope and the duct thanks to a distance cartography of the space, in order to minimize the calculation time. An important experimental work shall be lead to determine the parameters of the contact model. Simulation results of virtual navigation through this duct representation by using an endoscope mechanical model including a behaviour description of the SMA actuators will be presented. Moreover, the eciency of a command with the multi-agent approach is proved. Then the simulator interest is studied for the prototype amelioration by applying the techniques of virtual prototyping. Some results of optimization by using genetic algorithms with respect to the virtual navigation task will be shown.