Mediation Of Social Relations Research Articles

Ontology as ideology: A critique of Butler's theory of precariousness

Ontology as ideology: A critique of Butler's theory of precariousness

Lawmaking – separate ontological and epistemological principles

The article considers the infl uence of ontological and epistemological principles of law on law-making processes. In the context of this approach, modern views of scholars on the problems of ontology of law are studied. In particular, it is argued that real social relations, which in the process of human development have acquired legal features (became a source of law), are the basis of law, ie the existence of law is based on the real material world in its social dimension. In other words, the ontology of law has its material mode of existence. At the same time, today the law is understood not only as a mold of material relations, which through the rules of law aff ects social relations, but law is also considered as certain matrices (images of law) in the minds of individuals who creatively apply them in assessing relations. as legal. Based on the above, it is logical to conclude that the existence of law in addition to its material form (social relations) has at the same time an ideal form – legal awareness. That is, the thesis of the ideal mode of ontology of law has the property of scientifi c truth, as well as its opposite in content thesis. In other words, we can state that the existence of law exists in both its ideal and material form. Thus, we observe a certain synthesis of these two approaches to understanding the existence (ontology) of law. This conclusion has an important methodological nature for lawmaking, as the latter is a specifi c epistemological means of theoretical refl ection of legal reality, which exists in two modes - material and ideal. Material and ideal modes direct the legislator (in the broad sense of the term) to search for those social relations that are characterized primarily by their typicality and longevity. The second step will be to verify their compliance with basic legal values, as it is known that illegal relationships between certain individuals and their groups can also be long-term and typical. The ideal mode of existence of law involves the presence in the human mind of certain matrices (images of law). In particular, the latter include such legal values as goodness and justice. Despite a certain relativism of these concepts, given their historical nature, it can be argued that they are a guide in giving certain relationships (patterns of behavior) the nature of legal. In this regard, the task of the legislator in the mediation of social relations will be to fi nd in the material and / or spiritual spheres of existence of the right of its own values and further implementation of the found in real social relations through appropriate lawmaking procedures. Key words: ontology of law, epistemology of law, phenomenology of law, material and ideal modes of existence of law.

Compression and Noise

ABSTRACT Compression is an essential technique used across diverse information systems, one in which supposedly redundant or superfluous information is minimized or eliminated in order to make the storage, transmission, or reception of other information more legible or efficient. Compression is involved in everything from computer data storage (encoding) and efficient computational processes (floating point arithmetic) to the formatting of media (telephony, radio, streaming) or the engineering and circulation of sound and image (dynamic compression of volume, jpeg resolution). Beyond any particular technical implementation, though, compression names the peculiar perceptual regime of late modernity—it is our percepteme, our episteme. As Galloway and LaRivière (2017) have noted—everything is compressed, from the logic of digital computers to our attention spans. Yet, if compression designates the essence of experience today, it is precisely in response to a complementary concept of noise. Noise is the lived affect of our material conditions which cannot be made significant to us: not only the literal acoustic noise of late modernity (the waste-product of technologies which hang over perceptual spaces like smog hangs over cities) but, perhaps more critically, compression emerges to cope with a new, properly “cognitive complexity” embodied in the unprecedented entanglement and mediation of social relations through the technical/computational unfolding of the value-form of capital. Such complexity—lying beyond the grasp of any human individual—is logistically offloaded onto the nootechnical externalizations associated with, for instance, AI algorithms. On the other hand, it is individuated in experience as noise. Because such noise is perceptually intractable, compression becomes the necessary shape of our aesthesis, one that rigorously flattens the available modalities of experience/value—yet giving birth to new forms of abstraction, perception, and thought. While several thinkers—notably, Jason LaRivière and Cécile Malaspina—have brilliantly elaborated each concept on its own, I argue that they can only be properly situated through each other. In order to do this, I combine computational and information theory, philosophy, media and cultural theory, as well as political economy with concrete domains where compression and noise articulate the phenomenological stakes for aesthetics today.

Indiscreet Charm of Digitalization

Introduction: digitalization is a new trend of social development on the whole and the legal and political regulation in particular. The digitalization tempts and fascinates, attracts by its novelty and modernity. The idea of a fundamental change in the social order and social regulation under the digitalization influence in a broad sense is in the air and is already perceived as an axiom. At the same time, most people, both non-specialists in the area of social regulation, and even narrow professionals, will find it difficult to answer the question: what exactly will fundamentally change in the world, in society and in the economy, with the widespread introduction of digital technologies? As a result, the publications in the media and many scientific works resemble Hollywood blockbuster scenarios in the technocratic dystopia style, which leads researchers away from solving real problems of the legal regulation of changing social relations. The purpose of the study: to determine the model of interaction of law and digitalization in relation to the current level of technology development. Research objectives: to define the concept of digitalization; to consider the main trends in research on issues related to the large-scale spread of digitalization and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies; to determine the limits of the real impact of digitalization on the law and legal regulation. Methods: the system, structural and functional methods, the methods of analysis and synthesis, expert evaluation. Results: the paper describes one of the trends of modern interdisciplinary research, called by the authors “the effect of digitalization”. In relation to the sphere of legal regulation, the effect of digitalization is manifested in an attempt to see the fundamental novelty in relations using the latest technical means; the relations carried out in electronic form and/or using digital, network, telecommunication technologies, artificial intelligence. It is argued that the mediation of social relations with the latest technologies does not always lead to the change in the essence of relations and the need to create fundamentally new models of social regulation. Conclusions: digitalization in relation to the law appears in the modern world in two qualities: as an independent social phenomenon and as a tool designed to give the legal mechanisms efficiency and accessibility. At the present level of technology development the digitalization in relation to the law should be considered as a tool to improve the legal regulation quality. The Russian practice of “digitalization for the sake of digitalization” is dangerous and inefficient in social and economic terms.

청소년의 사회정서적 문제가 비행행동에 미치는 영향에서 사회관계의 종단매개효과

본 연구는 청소년의 사회정서적 문제가 사회관계를 거쳐 비행행동에 미치는 구조적 관계를 종단적으로 분석하여 청소년의 비행행동을 예방 또는 줄이기 위한 방안을 마련하고자 시행되었다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해서 한국아동․청소년패널조사(KCYPS)의 2차, 3차, 4차, 6차년도의 종단조사 자료를 분석에 사용하였으며 다변량 잠재성장모형을 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째. 사회정서적 문제는 중3에서 약간 상승하다가 고3까지는 하락하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 비행행동은 중2에서 고1까지는 하락하다가 고3에서 다시 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 사회관계는 중2에서 고3까지 점진적으로 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 사회관계 초기값과 변화율은 사회정서적 문제와 비행행동의 종단적 관계에서 매개효과가 있다. 이러한 연구결과를 통하여 청소년의 비행행동을 줄이기 위한 정책적, 실천적 제언을 하였다.

O livro didático como mercadoria

Para Marx, a mercadoria é a principal categoria para o entendimento do capitalismo. Mediadora das relações sociais, ela é, antes, uma coisa que serve para realizar as necessidades do ser humano. Num regime baseado na troca, o valor de uso da mercadoria, que se refere à sua utilidade para satisfazer essas necessidades, aparece também como suporte material do valor de troca, pelo qual as mercadorias são trocadas no mercado. Com o livro didático não é diferente. Como valor de uso, satisfaz as necessidades de certa expectativa dita educacional, mas, para realizar a satisfação dessas necessidades, subordina-se ao valor de troca e às suas determinações. O presente artigo busca traçar historicamente essa duplicidade do livro didático, com ênfase na sua configuração no Brasil.

Being-Together: Thinking through Technologically Mediated Sociality and Community

Our sociality is increasingly enacted through technology. This essay argues that the relationship between the technological mediation of social relations and the ways in which these practices are understood conceptually needs to be critiqued, rethought, and extended. Current approaches tend to accentuate the individual to the detriment of the social and often to understand technology instrumentally. Jean-Luc Nancy's notion of being singular plural and his understanding of the relations between singular beings and of ecotechnics are discussed briefly to illustrate an alternate direction for considering ways of being-together in Western techno-society.

Assembling Social Space

Theories of social space and place have become problematic in light of the imbrication of places within regional and global networks; the disembedding, distantiation, and technological mediation of social relations; the expansion of global media and information networks; and the mobility of people, things and resources. This article draws on assemblage theory to develop a non-Euclidean model of the production of social space and applies the model in an analysis of three case studies from ethnographic fieldwork and interviews conducted in Concepción, Chile. Supplementary material is available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of The Communication Review for the following free supplemental resource: A Conceptual Model of Social Space. Source: Wiley, S., Sutko, M., Moreno Becerra, T. (2010).

Arte e educação contra o fetichismo generalizado na sociabilidade contemporânea

O artigo desenvolve uma reflexão filosófica sobre a contribuição que a arte e a Educação podem dar ao processo de superação do fetichismo generalizado na sociabilidade contemporânea. No primeiro item, é retomada a tese de Marx segundo a qual a sociabilidade na sociedade capitalista se caracteriza pela universalidade do valor de troca como mediação nas relações sociais. O artigo defende a posição de que a sociabilidade contemporânea, em que pesem suas diferenças em relação ao século XIX, não só não superou a universalidade do valor de troca como, ao contrário, aprofundou-a, tornando o fetichismo um fenômeno social que abarca todas as dimensões da vida humana na atualidade. No segundo item, o artigo apoia-se nas análises feitas por Vigotski e por Lukács das relações entre os indivíduos e as obras de arte para defender a tese de que a educação escolar deve ter como meta permanente a superação das formas alienadas de consciência que prevalecem na vida cotidiana da sociedade capitalista deste início de século XXI.

Repair strategies and social interaction in spontaneous spoken French: the pragmatic particle enfin

The spoken language has traditionally been regarded as being a degenerate version of the written language, marred by backtrackings and repetitions. This paper explores the role of the pragmatic particle enfin when it is used as a corrective, both to introduce a repair and, in its mitigating or hedging capacity, as a mediator of social relations. An attempt is made to account for the pragmatico-syntactic characteristics of a particular manifestation of corrective enfin – the echo/self-mimic corrective. The behaviour of enfin is arguably a microcosm in a much larger universe of rules governing the way speakers produce and hearers interpret the shifting signals of participatory discourse.

A organização espacial condiciona as relações entre ambiente e saúde: o exemplo da exposição ao mercúrio em uma fábrica de lâmpadas fluorescentes

O espaço tem sido utilizado nas análises que relacionam o ambiente com a saúde, ora como simples plano geométrico para a disposição de dados epidemiológicos, ora como uma aproximação para a diferenciação de condições sociais, ou mesmo como uma circunstância de fatores espaciais que induzem risco. Neste trabalho são descritas as três principais abordagens espaciais em saúde e suas limitações. O uso do geoprocessamento na área de saúde tem sido facilitado pelo amplo acesso a bases de dados epidemiológicos e pela disponibilização de ferramentas cartográficas e estatísticas computadorizadas. O uso desta ferramenta pressupõe, no entanto, modelos de explicação do processo saúde/doença, que são baseados em variáveis espaciais como a distância, vizinhança, e o interrelacionamento com dados de caracterização do lugar. O exemplo de uma fábrica de lâmpadas fluorescentes permite compreender o espaço como mediador de relações sociais. A localização e atividade dos trabalhadores na fábrica condicionam os riscos a que estes estarão submetidos. Através da análise espacial de indicadores de emissão, contaminação e exposição ao mercúrio, foi possível identificar áreas e atividades de risco aos trabalhadores. Estes fatores, por sua vez, estão intrinsecamente ligados à organização interna e externa da produção.

To Redeem Metal with Paper: David Hume's Philosophy of Money

David Hume's writings on political economy, and on money in particular, constitute only a small portion of his encyclopedic work.1 His stature in histories of economic thought appears correspondingly modest. In particular, Hume is credited by economic historians with having articulated an early version of the self-regulating mechanism of classical trade theory, and its relation to the quantity theory of money.2 This essay challenges the accepted view that money is a minor aspect of Hume's work. Instead, this essay argues that, by interpolating Hume's limited treatment of money into his wider philosophical concerns, money takes on a much wider significance for Hume's social thought than has been heretofore appreciated. Hume's analyses of the understanding and the passions do point to a central role for money in a Humean society. While such a role is only hinted at in Hume's actual discussion of money, his larger epistemological and moral doctrines imply that money transactions are the ideal units of social life. Money must become the mediator of social relations because a society actuated on Humean psychological principles would otherwise be an entropie one. This entropy is derivable both from Hume's doctrine of sensationalism and his formulation of utilitarian self-interest and sympathy in sensationalist terms. In short, implicit in Hume's thought is something like a Humean philosophy of money. This argument not only reintroduces money into Hume's other concerns, but highlights a triplet of reversals that are immanent in Humean social