Media Literacy Approach Research Articles

Developing Digital Literacy Practices in Yogyakarta Elementary Schools

The expansion of digital technology presents both obstacles and opportunities, particularly for young people. Consequently, educational institutions have been developing digital literacy curriculums. Since digital literacy is not yet included in the national curriculum as a compulsory subject, private schools have constructed digital literacy programmes based on local resources. This study investigates how digital literacy practices are carried out in selected private elementary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, based on ICT learning, an information and media literacy approach, educators' role, and learning points. The data were collected in interviews with: (1) principals, (2) Information and Communication Technology (ICT) teachers, (3) librarians and (4) classroom teachers because, according to previous research, they are the main actors of digital literacy in school. The structured interviews use research instruments derived from two earlier studies and are tailored to the study's needs. This study demonstrates that (a) the digital literacy approach is implemented mainly through an ICT learning and media literacy approach while the information literacy approach is undermined; and (b) principals, classroom teachers, and ICT teachers are the three actors who play the most important roles in digital literacy, while librarians play a minor one. The majority of digital literacy training takes place in computer laboratories, while training in classrooms and libraries is less frequent. The study recommends the school blend ICT learning, information literacy, and media literacy pedagogy more comprehensively, with the library serving as the primary locus. In parallel, school principals should encourage school librarians to collaborate with the computer and class teachers to enhance the inclusive digital literacy curriculum.

THE FUTURE OF SOCIAL CRIME CONTROL IN THE HATE SPEECH IN SOCIAL MEDIA WITH MEDIA LITERACY

Many media develop and in the end make people not only as spectators or consumers of information but also as producers of information. Information technology is currently developing rapidly, quickly, easily, and very sophisticatedly, so that it becomes a necessity and lifestyle for the world community without exception, people in Indonesia are also affected by the development of information technology at this time. One aspect of technological development is the emergence of many social media sites such as Google or Mozilla Firefox and others, but the most popular among social media users include Facebook. The development of social media such as Facebook not only has a positive impact, but also has a negative impact, resulting in various types of violations and even crimes. Acts or crimes what needs serious attention is the crime of hate speech. Hate speech can be control by media literacy because its perspective that is used actively, when individuals access the media with the aim of interpreting the messages conveyed by the media. It is related to understanding the impact of communication, from advertising, ideas, to technology. By doing the media literacy, uses the media literacy approach as an effort to fight hate messages, through citizenship education and digital citizenship. One of its main objectives is to raise awareness about the political, social and cultural rights of individuals and groups, including freedom of speech and the responsibilities and social implications that arise.

Critical Media Literacy for Elementary Students in an After-School Programme

As students’ uses and experiences with literacy are changing due to technological innovations, particularly in their out-of-school contexts, it is important to consider how media literacy is a social practice, particularly one where students are engaging socially, culturally, and politically. This is particularly relevant to the way that messages are conveyed through popular media such as commercials, video games, and television programmes. Th e purpose of this paper is to explore what happens when students use a critical media literacy to respond to mass media texts and images. The primary question this research attempts to answer is: What happens when students use a critical media literacy approach to discuss and interpret print and visual media images in an after-school setting? We used qualitative research methods to collect data and thematic analysis to analyse data. Findings reflect how students discussed identity, bullying and aggression, socioeconomic status, materialism and consumerism.

MOVING BEYOND THE BOUNDARIES OF ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION: TEACHING MEDIA SAVVINESS TO ENGINEERING STUDENTS

Abstract – Engineering communication is most frequently thought of and taught as technical communication for academic and industrial purposes, and considered best taught in deeply integrated and discipline specific contexts. While productive, this focus neglects an increasingly important aspect of the communication many engineers will need to do in their careers – communication with and to the public.
 This paper describes an elective course for undergraduate engineers designed to fill this gap through a media literacy approach, developing a theoretical foundation for popular science communication and applying it to various high profile case studies. This approach has been effective in developing a positive learning environment within a small seminar classroom and engaging students on the topic of how their work is communicated to non-expert audiences.

Educating Youth Against Tobacco Advertising: A Media Literacy Approach for Reducing Indonesia's Replacement Smokers

According to recent data extracted from Global Tobacco Atlas (2015), about 66% Indonesian male aged no less than 15 years old are active smokers. It means 2 among 3 Indonesian male are smokers. The number of young smokers arose significantly. Smokers among 15-19 years old has increased 17 % each year, meanwhile, baby smokers among 5-9 years old has multiplied 400 %. These figures implied the rise of health risk among Indonesians. The tobacco industry tries every year to recruit young people to replace those current smokers who are dying or quitting. This youth being targeted by tobacco industry is called ‘replacement smokers’, and is lured to start smoking through the work of advertising and creative marketing strategy. A study carried out by Health Ministry of Indonesia showed that 70% youth were started to smoke after heavily exposed by cigarette advertising. In order to break tobacco advertising spell, a brand jamming strategy based on media literacy approach was conducted toward junior high school pupils. By educating them about advertising-behind-the scene and challenging them to creatively produce a ‘mocking’ version of popular tobacco ads, students now are capable enough to deconstructing the real message behind tobacco ads.

Post Media Literacy: Menyaksikan Kuasa Media Bersama Michel Foucault

This article would like to present Michel Foucault’s idea concerning Knowledge and Power in media industry. As a contemporary intellectual, Foucault’s thought has a unique style of postmodernism. His thought had gone beyond traditional critical theory whose trying to disclose the relation of power and economic behind the ideology of media. Foucault’s thought had given new perspective in understanding how the media produce truth under tightly control process into something that seems normal. With the assumption of media has the power to create mass culture, which has to be studied critically by media literacy approach, Foucault’s thought had given new space of discursive. An alternative thought on how to estimate the work of mass media as supervisor of truth and creator of information trough normalization practice.

Debates about the Future of Media Literacy in Turkey

Media literacy has been widely debated in Turkey since the early 2000s and has been in the curriculum of the secondary schools as an optional subject for nearly a decade. During this time period, about four million students have received media literacy education. The multidisciplinary structure of media literacy has contributed to the interest of many researchers from varying fields. These researchers, who have different viewpoints, acceptations and expectations, have formed certain groups in a short time period and have started to defend their particular media literacy approaches and practices. This study examines the basic debates and issues that have emerged in Turkey’s short but active movement to educate in the area of media literacy. Issues include the question of which teachers (trained in education or communication) should teach the media literacy classes, the role of the government media regulatory agency in media literacy, and the debates on protective and empowerment approaches. In addition, the debates on educational censorship, textbooks, and media literacy have been integrated in the educational system under which models have been focused. Because of the focus on asking who is responsible for media literacy in Turkey, there has been less attention to issues of pedagogy, instructional strategies and curriculum resources. The blame is not completely on the government ministries as academic in-fighting also fuels debates about the future of media literacy in Turkey. Such territorial debates about the locus of media literacy may limit the growth of the field.

Reclaiming the Ambient Commons: Strategies of Depletion Design in the Subjective Economy

The vision of an internet of things, increasingly considered in the context of the “internet of everything”, calls for an ethics of technology driven less by the philosophical search for the essence of technology than by a transversal curiosity regarding processes of constitution. If growing interest in enhanced and expanded media literacy approaches facilitates ethical reflection, the scope of such reflection is related to the extent of our attention to and awareness of the immanence of our agency, our capacity for relation in machinic assemblages that structure and sustain our communicative existences far beyond the sphere of signification. While the positions from which such reflection occurs are necessarily multiple, we can still respond to the distribution of agency with an aggregation of responsibility and the creation of a commons with greater attention to the vastness of the spatial and temporal scales of our situation. The idea of depletion design is both a concrete set of design strategies and an attempt to establish an experimental institutional object to facilitate and frame such ethico-aesthetic practice, an architecture for commoning that situates and affirms our ethical agency under the conditions of mediation.

Reclaiming the Ambient Commons: Strategies of Depletion Design in the Subjective Economy

The vision of an internet of things, increasingly considered in the context of the “internet of everything”, calls for an ethics of technology driven less by the philosophical search for the essence of technology than by a transversal curiosity regarding processes of constitution. If growing interest in enhanced and expanded media literacy approaches facilitates ethical reflection, the scope of such reflection is related to the extent of our attention to and awareness of the immanence of our agency, our capacity for relation in machinic assemblages that structure and sustain our communicative existences far beyond the sphere of signification. While the positions from which such reflection occurs are necessarily multiple, we can still respond to the distribution of agency with an aggregation of responsibility and the creation of a commons with greater attention to the vastness of the spatial and temporal scales of our situation. The idea of depletion design is both a concrete set of design strategies and an attempt to establish an experimental institutional object to facilitate and frame such ethico-aesthetic practice, an architecture for commoning that situates and affirms our ethical agency under the conditions of mediation.

Family-based Media Literacy Approach to Improving Youth and Family Nutrition

Family-based Media Literacy Approach to Improving Youth and Family Nutrition

The Effectiveness of Different Approaches to Media Literacy in Modifying Adolescents' Responses to Alcohol

Fearing the negative effect that alcohol advertising might have on adolescents' receptiveness to the consumption of alcohol, health educators have used media literacy as an effective strategy to mitigate the effect of these messages in the media. The present study applied parental mediation to the design and evaluations of a media literacy curriculum that targets alcohol decision-making processes illustrated in the message interpretation process model. The authors conducted a pretest–posttest quasi-experiment of 171 adolescents to examine the effect of a negative evaluative approach and a balanced evaluative approach (a combination of negative and positive evaluative strategies) to media literacy on modifying adolescents' responses to alcohol messages. Results showed that different media literacy approaches had varying degrees of effectiveness on adolescent boys and girls. After receiving a negative media literacy lesson, adolescent boys regarded television characters as less realistic and believed that drinking alcohol had negative consequences. In contrast, adolescent girls benefited more from a balanced evaluative approach as their media skepticism attitude was enhanced. Results suggest that health educators should choose tailored pedagogical approaches that are based on gender to improve decision making regarding alcohol consumption.

Music Videos and Sexual Risk in African American Adolescent Girls

Background: Music videos contain sexual content often reflecting women as promiscuous, submissive, or passive. Few studies have examined gender- and sex-related attitudes in African American females, particularly across genres of music videos. Purpose: Using constructs from Cultivation Theory, Theory of Gender and Power and Social Cognitive Theory, this study examined the association of music video viewing, gender roles, self-efficacy for condom use, and condom use among a sample of African American adolescent girls (N = 522). Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design using baseline survey data collected through a larger study testing an HIV-risk reduction intervention. Results: Viewing frequency was highest for rap (97%) and R&B (80.4%) videos. Negative exposure in videos significantly predicted perceived personal influence and condom use self-efficacy. Girls who watched rap videos held less traditional attitudes toward women than those who watched rap and R&B combined. Discussion: An examination of music videos allows a broader evaluation of factors that may support sexual risk behavior. Further, R&B videos may contain images that romanticize male-female relationships and reinforce unhealthy gender roles. Translation to Health Education Practice: Research should examine media literacy approaches in combination with appropriate HIV prevention education to develop youth as informed, critical consumers of sex-related gendered content in various music video genres.

Impact of a School-Based Disordered Eating Prevention Program in Adolescent Girls: General and Specific Effects Depending on Adherence to the Interactive Activities

This study assessed the impact of a school-based program aimed at preventing disordered eating. The program was based on the media-literacy approach and has interactive format. The program was assessed under strong methodological conditions. Seven schools with 263 Spanish adolescent girls in the area of Barcelona, were randomly assigned to either the complete prevention program condition, the partial program condition or the non-treatment control condition, and assessed at pre, post and 6-month follow-up. The program was effective in generating positive changes at follow-up. The effects sizes (ES(d) = 0.29 to ES(d) = 0.38) were greater, on average, than that obtained up to now in selective-universal programs, and similar or greater than that achieved by targeted prevention programs. The results indicate a greater and relevant effect size of the intervention in those participants who completed the inter-session interactive activities (ES(d) = 0.29 to ES(d) = 0.45) although the differences were not significant. These results suggest the importance of monitoring adherence to the activities in all programs defined as "interactive". The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

Media Literacy and Public Health

The influence of mass media on the culture and health-related behaviors of youth has prompted health education and health promotion practitioners and researchers to turn toward media literacy approaches. In this article, development, implementation, and evaluation of a media literacy curriculum for tobacco control for high school students are discussed. Various theories from the field of public health are used to frame practice and research issues. A quasi-experimental research design was used to assess changes in tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among students exposed to the curriculum. This type of evaluation approach has become de rigueur for assessing school-based curricula in both educational and public health fields.