Radiological Media Research Articles

Understanding of Saudi Population on the Usage of Intravenous Contrast Media Injections in Radiology

Background: Intravenous contrast media (IVCM) in radiology are extremely important for accurate diagnosis and are used daily all over the globe. These contract media are very safe if administered correctly. However, adverse events have also been reported. This study was undertaken to determine the understanding of the patients towards the usage of IVCM in radiology. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on patients recommended for IVCM-mediated radiological examinations. The data were collected by face-to-face interactions using the self-administered questionnaire before IVCM administration. The questionnaire was all about patient’s information for IVCM usage, their associated benefits and risks. Results: Out of 225 patients who participated, a majority (72%) had insufficient knowledge of IVCM-associated risks and benefits. Both male and female patients showed a similar understanding of IVCM (p>0.05). Educated patients showed better understanding than uneducated patients (p<0.001). Similarly, employed patients demonstrated a higher level of understanding of IVCMs compared to unemployed patients (p<0.05). Moreover, 63.5%, 45.3% and 62.2% of patients believed that IVCM caused cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and adverse allergic reactions, respectively. Moreover, 52.4%, 33.3% and 49.3% of patients believed that IVCM caused shortness in breath, loss of consciousness and increase of heart rate, respectively. In addition, 29.3%, 62.2% and 20.0% of patients also advised diarrhea, itching and convulsion, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, patients’ knowledge was unsatisfactory for understanding contrast media in radiology. This study recommends that the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia, should arrange frequent awareness programs on contrast media in Qassim.

Iopromide safety assessment in a radiology department: A seven-year retrospective characterization of adverse events.

Since the mid-20th century, contrast agents have been widely used in radiology due to their ability to provide high-definition radiographic images and greater precision in diagnostic exams. Different types of contrast agents are used in image diagnosis, namely radiological media. Despite being considered safe, there are still uncertainties about their safety profile, interactions, and incidence of adverse drug reactions in real-world settings. To characterise the pattern of adverse events, during 7 years, in a radiology unit. We performed a retrospective observational and descriptive study at an Image Center in Portugal between August 2012 and October 2019. A total of 77,449 computed tomography (CT) were registered, and from those 15,640 cases of iopromide were used as a contrast agent. The authors have accessed, under the authorization, the data of adverse events and procedures after the event. Most of the hypersensitivity events were immediate or with a short time of onset, with the majority of cases developing events with skin involvement and mild degree, where the most common events were papules (n =60), pruritus (n =42), erythema (n =27) and urticaria (n =14). Severe events, including hypersensitivity, were mainly represented by vomiting (n =11), stridor (n =8), breathing difficulties (n =7) and syncope (n =3). Abdominal-pelvic CT exam presented a higher frequency of adverse events. Despite all the current information about iopromide usage, the utilization of this agent is not abstent of risks and its safety profile not fully established. Most frequent symptoms were local, as skin adverse events, including papules, pruritus and erythema. Common medications used to treat or control adverse events were frequently hydrocortisone, clemastine and methylprednisolone.

Assessment of adverse reactions to the use of contrast agents in diagnostic imaging exams: a narrative review

Contrast media are medicinal solutions enhancing diagnostic radiology's imaging quality by distinguishing anatomical structures. These widely used exams involve pharmaceutical agents, yet adverse reactions can arise. This study targets primary risks and adverse reactions tied to major contrast media in radiology. It assesses current concepts and protocols to minimize these reactions. Techniques for contrast-enhanced images demand element-based substances: iodinated, barium-based, and gadolinium-based contrasts. Adherence to manufacturer's guidelines and implementing prevention and adverse reaction procedures is vital. This study includes angiography, urography, transit studies, CT scans, and MRI as key contrast-enhanced exams. Employing a qualitative approach, it conducts a literature review. Neglecting risk assessment and safe administration can cause substantial disruptions due to adverse reactions. Protocols like desensitization and life support from a skilled medical team, alongside established protocols, reduce patient fatality risks.

A Multimodal, Multimedia Point-of-Care Deep Learning Framework for COVID-19 Diagnosis

In this article, we share our experiences in designing and developing a suite of deep neural network–(DNN) based COVID-19 case detection and recognition framework. Existing pathological tests such as RT-PCR-based pathogen RNA detection from nasal swabbing seem to display low detection rates during the early stages of virus contraction. Moreover, the reliance on a few overburdened laboratories based around an epicenter capable of supplying large numbers of RT-PCR tests makes this testing method non-scalable when the rate of infections is high. Similarly, finding an effective drug or vaccine with which to combat COVID-19 requires a long time and many clinical trials. The development of pathological COVID-19 tests is hindered by shortages in the supply chain of chemical reagents necessary for testing on a large scale. This diminishes the speed of diagnosis and the ability to filter out COVID-19 positive patients from uninfected patients on a national level. Existing research has shown that DNN has been successful in identifying COVID-19 from radiological media such as CT scans and X-ray images, audio media such as cough sounds, optical coherence tomography to identify conjunctivitis and pink eye symptoms on the ocular surface, body temperature measurement using smartphone fingerprint sensors or thermal cameras, the use of live facial detection to identify safe social distancing practices from camera images, and face mask detection from camera images. We also investigate the utility of federated learning in diagnosis cases where private data can be trained via edge learning. These point-of-care modalities can be integrated with DNN-based RT-PCR laboratory test results to assimilate multiple modalities of COVID-19 detection and thereby provide more dimensions of diagnosis. Finally, we will present our initial test results, which are encouraging.

Adversarial Examples-Security Threats to COVID-19 Deep Learning Systems in Medical IoT Devices.

Medical IoT devices are rapidly becoming part of management ecosystems for pandemics such as COVID-19. Existing research shows that deep learning (DL) algorithms have been successfully used by researchers to identify COVID-19 phenomena from raw data obtained from medical IoT devices. Some examples of IoT technology are radiological media, such as CT scanning and X-ray images, body temperature measurement using thermal cameras, safe social distancing identification using live face detection, and face mask detection from camera images. However, researchers have identified several security vulnerabilities in DL algorithms to adversarial perturbations. In this article, we have tested a number of COVID-19 diagnostic methods that rely on DL algorithms with relevant adversarial examples (AEs). Our test results show that DL models that do not consider defensive models against adversarial perturbations remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Finally, we present in detail the AE generation process, implementation of the attack model, and the perturbations of the existing DL-based COVID-19 diagnostic applications. We hope that this work will raise awareness of adversarial attacks and encourages others to safeguard DL models from attacks on healthcare systems.

Social Media in Radiology: Overview and Usefulness of Online Professional #SoMe Profiles

Social media is a ubiquitous part of society and used by many healthcare professionals, including radiologists. This article prepared by the 2019-2020 Radiology Research Alliance Social Media Task Force presents different uses and benefits of an online professional social media profile. Physician and healthcare-specific issues along with popular platforms such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube are used to explore topics including education, branding, research, mentorship, promotion, and leadership.

Using Facebook Live to Advocate Breast Cancer Screening.

With current conflicting and confusing screening mammography guidelines between major medical organizations, radiologists have an opportunity to educate and advocate for patients using the power of social media. The authors provide a brief overview on the impact of social media in radiology, in particular Facebook, as well as challenges encountered by radiologists as they establish an online presence, and how to effectively use Facebook Live to advocate for screening mammography.

The use of contrast media in radiology in children

Using of contrast media (CM) during traditional x-ray examination, CT, MRI plays an important role in obtain information. This information can be crucial for the final diagnosis or making choice of treatment in different areas of medicine, like surgery, pediatrics, oncology, etc. Principles regarding contrast media utilization and associated adverse events are generally similar between children and adults, but of course have some important differences. The main peculiarities of introducing contrast in children are: using small volume of contrast media (1,5-2 ml/kg); small gauge angiocatheters (for example, 24-gauge) located in tiny peripheral vessels. It makes performing this method more hard in newborns and small children. Dose of CM is calculated according body weight and concentration of the stuff. It is important not to forget about optimal temperature mode during introducing CM. As any invasive method introducing of CM can be associated with some complications. The most frequent complications in pediatric patients are contract-induced allergy and contract-induced nephrotoxicity. The assessment of renal function in children is determined by the special formula (Schwartz Equation). General guidelines for the prevention of allergic-like reactions in children are similar to those used for adult patients and include premedication regimen, using a combination of corticosteroid and antihistamine. It is necessary to apply modern multi-layer spiral CT and special programs for reducing radiation exposure.

The Dramatic Increase in Social Media in Urology

Social media are established tools for rapid information dissemination to a broad audience. A major use has been the compilation of conference specific messaging known as tweets via preselected hashtags on Twitter. We analyzed Twitter use between consecutive years at the AUA (American Urological Association) and CUA (Canadian Urological Association) annual meetings. Publicly available tweets containing the established meeting hashtags were abstracted from an online archive. Tweets were categorized by author type and by content as informative (based on research presented at the conference) or uninformative (unrelated to presented data) according to an established classification scheme. We analyzed 5,402 tweets during the combined 18 meeting days, of which 4,098 were original and 1,304 were rebroadcast prior tweets. There was a large increase in Twitter use at the 2013 annual meetings compared to the 2012meetings (4,591 tweets from a total of 540 accounts vs 811 from 134). Biotechnology analysts represented the highest volume of tweets (226 or 28%) in 2012 but in 2013 this majority shifted to urologists (2,765 or 60%). Of the tweets 29% were categorized as informative in 2012, which increased to 41% at the 2013meetings. Twitter has emerged as a significant communication platform at urological meetings. Use increased dramatically between 2012 and 2013. Urologists have increasingly led this discussion with an increased focus on data arising from meeting proceedings. This adjunct to traditional meeting activity merits the attention of urologists and the professional associations that host suchmeetings.

Radiological Media und moderne Tools zur Unterstützung in der Radiologie

Radiology is a field with a high demand on information. Nowadays, a huge variety of electronic media and tools exists in addition to the classical media. Asynchronous and synchronous e-learning are constantly growing and support radiology with case collections, webinars and online textbooks. Various internet resources, social media and online courses have been established. Dynamic websites show a variety of interactive elements and it is easier and faster to access large amounts of data. Social media have an exponentially growing number of users and enable an efficient collaboration as well as forming professional networks. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) complete the offer of education and increase the opportunity to take part in educational activities. Apart from the existing variety of resources it is essential to focus on a critical selection for using these radiological media. It is reasonable to combine classical and electronic media instead of a one-sided use. As dynamic as the progress in the field of radiological media and its tools may be, the personal contact remains and should be maintained.

Social Media in Radiology: Early Trends in Twitter Microblogging at Radiology's Largest International Meeting

Twitter is a social media microblogging platform that allows rapid exchange of information between individuals. Despite its widespread acceptance and use at various other medical specialty meetings, there are no published data evaluating its use at radiology meetings. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the use of Twitter as a microblogging platform at recent RSNA annual meetings. Twitter activity meta-data tagged with official meeting hashtags #RSNA11 and #RSNA12 were collected and analyzed. Multiple metrics were evaluated, including daily and hourly Twitter activity, frequency of microblogging activity over time, characteristics of the 100 most active Twitter users at each meeting, characteristics of meeting-related tweets, and the geographic origin of meeting microbloggers. The use of Twitter microblogging increased by at least 30% by all identifiable meaningful metrics between the 2011 and 2012 RSNA annual meetings, including total tweets, tweets per day, activity of the most active microbloggers, and total number of microbloggers. Similar increases were observed in numbers of North American and international microbloggers. Markedly increased use of the Twitter microblogging platform at recent RSNA annual meetings demonstrates the potential to leverage this technology to engage meeting attendees, improve scientific sessions, and promote improved collaboration at national radiology meetings.

White Paper From the ACR Task Force on Print Media in Radiology

The rapidly changing technological and business environment in which scientific journals are published will necessitate ongoing reassessment of operations, goals, and priorities. In this white paper, the ACR Task Force on Print Media in Radiology reviews the history and role of print media in radiology; discusses current and anticipated societal, technological, and financial challenges; and explores a variety of strategies to help ensure the relevance of professional society publishing in the future.

Web review: Contrast media in radiology and imaging

Few web-based sites related to contrast media in radiology and imaging, available at the moment, are reviewed below. Introduction to Intravenous Radiographic Contrast is a concise summary of the subject by Romell Dhadha. Featured as a part of the Department of Radiology Short Clerkship: Lectures at University of Iowa, the material is available at http://www.radiology.uiowa.edu/Radshortclerkship/RadShortClkship/LectureNotes/Dhada.htm. A Simple Guide to the Basics of Contrast Media is available in the form of Guide notes at http://www.e-radiography.net/contrast_media/contrast_media_introduction.htm. The material includes iodinated intravascular contrast agents, barium sulfate, computerized tomography (CT) contrast agents, biliary contrast agents and reactions, allergic emergencies. From eMedicine, comprehensive educative material on radiographic iodinated contrast media is obtainable at http://www.emedicine.com/radio/byname/contrast-medium-reactions-recognition-and-treatment.htm. The webportal Chest Xray.com deals concisely with radiology contrast at http://www.chestx-ray.com/Practice/Contrast.html. The following sections are covered: general, non-ionic vs ionic, risk factors, severity of reactions, renal toxicity, screening creatinine and treatment. Incidentally, the portal chest Xray.com at http://www.chestx-ray.com/ covers areas related to research, education, practice and resources. Contrast Media in Diagnostic Radiology from the Textbook of Radiology at http://www.medcyclopaedia.com/library/radiology/chapter07.aspx is an up-to-date feature from Medcyclopaedia™. Medcyclopaedia™ is a “unique combination of a scientific library and a handy toolbox on the internet.” In addition, the site features the complete online edition of The Encyclopaedia of Medical Imaging, the complete online edition of A Global Textbook of Radiology, GE Healthcare's Expanded Medical Imaging Glossary, clinical cases for training purposes and a complete e-learning solution in normal imaging anatomy. A Symposium on Ultrasound Contrast for Radiological Diagnosis titled Bubbles in Radiology - The State of the Art is available at http://www.sunnybrook.utoronto.ca/bubble/. The site requires a mandatory registration. Additionally, ‘A Handbook of Contrast Echocardiography’ authored by Harald Becher and Peter N Burns is available at http://www.sunnybrook.utoronto.ca/EchoHandbook/. Within this, there is an Interactive Glossary of Contrast Ultrasound at http://www.sunnybrook.utoronto.ca/EchoHandbook/bookindex.htm. Controversies and Consensus in Imaging and Interventions is a journal for medical imaging professionals, focusing on current issues in radiology, imaging and interventional radiology/cardiology and CT radiology. This website, sponsored by an educational grant from GE Healthcare, has a section on contrast media that is available at http://www.c2i2.org/contrast_media.asp. An educative supplement on Issues in Contrast and CT Angiography with Multislice CT is featured in Applied Radiology (Mar 2002), accessible at http://www.appliedradiology.com/backissues/issue.asp?ID=71, after a compulsory registration. The material covers important topics such as optimizing contrast use in multislice CT, fast CT in neurological imaging: contrast issues, contrast multiplies cardiac CT applications, CTA of extremities: new approaches to scanning, contrast use, new contrast administration protocols: safety considerations. A panel discussion is also available at the end. Guidelines and manuals on the use of contrast media in radiology are issued periodically from reputed professional bodies. Currently available comprehensive references include American College of Radiology Contrast Manual on Contrast Media version 6/2008, which is available at http://www.acr.org/SecondaryMainMenuCategories/quality_safety/contrast_manual.aspx. ACR Practice Guideline for the Use of Intravascular Contrast Media, which is accessible at http://www.acr.org/s_acr/bin.asp?CID=541andDID=12241andDOC=FILE.PDF. European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) Guidelines on Contrast Media, available from http://www.esur.org/fileadmin/Guidelines/ESUR_2007_Guideline_6_Kern_Ubersicht.pdf. Royal College of Radiology Standards for Iodinated Intravascular Contrast Agent Administration to Adult Patient, available from http://www.rcr.ac.uk/docs/radiology/pdf/IVcontrastPrintFinal.pdf. Review Articles/Citations on Contrast media in Radiology: There are numerous articles on contrast media in radiology available from various journals. From these, a handy ‘must read’ list of review articles on this subject, published in recent times and available online, is given below in Table 1. Table 1 Review articles/citations on contrast media in radiology

Nonionic contrast media in radiology. Procedural considerations.

Reports of thrombus formation or embolism during angiography with nonionic contrast media were reviewed. Several factors were identified that may contribute to blood clot formation within or on the surface of angiographic catheters. Nonionic contrast media have a mild anticoagulant effect in vitro and in vivo. Careful and correct angiographic techniques are necessary to effectively use the nonionic contrast substances. As a basic principle, blood should not be mixed with the contrast agent prior to intravascular injection. Frequent flushing of the angiographic catheter with heparinized saline is recommended.

Contrast Media in Radiology: Appraisal and Prospects

HomeRadiologyVol. 147, No. 3 PreviousNext ReviewsContrast Media in Radiology: Appraisal and ProspectsSven EkholmSven EkholmSven EkholmPublished Online:Jun 1 1983https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.147.3.676MoreSectionsPDF ToolsImage ViewerAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked In Article HistoryPublished in print: June 1983 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRecommended Articles RSNA Education Exhibits RSNA Case Collection Vol. 147, No. 3 Metrics Altmetric Score PDF download

First European Seminar: Contrast Media in Radiology. Evaluation and perspective--a review.

The First European Seminar on Contrast Media in Radiology, organized by Prof. M. Amiel in Lyon in 1981, included the majority of the groups working in this field in Europe, as well as several specialists from other regions (United States, Japan, Australia). The results of this meeting are an updating of the "image creating" drugs. The dominant themes were toxicity problems and development adapted to progress in radiology.

Contrast Media in Radiology and Their Risks

Contrast Media in Radiology and Their Risks