Complicated Meckel's Diverticulum Research Articles

Meckel’s diverticulum mimicking acute appendicitis in children: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundThe aims of this study were to summarize the clinical presentation and histological results of 20 cases of complicated Meckel diverticulum (MD) who were presumed to have acute appendicitis before surgery, as well as to improve the diagnosis and treatment of complicated MD in children.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 20 complicated MD admitted to our institution who were preoperatively diagnosed with acute appendicitis from January 2012 to January 2019. Patients were divided into the perforated MD group and the Meckel’s diverticulitis group. Patient demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratory data, auxiliary examinations, surgical methods, and the result of heterotopic tissue were recorded.ResultsA total of 20 cases of complicated MD (perforated or diverticulitis) were identified. Children were aged from 3 to 13 years, with a mean age of 7.75 years (median 7.75; range, 1–13 years). Perforated Meckel’s diverticulum occurred in 5 of 20 (25%) cases. For perforated MD versus diverticulitis, no significant differences were found between age, time to intervention, length of hospital stay, and distance from the ileo-cecal valve. Heterotopic tissue was confirmed on histopathology in 75% of all patients, including 10 cases of gastric mucosa, 3 cases of coexistent gastric mucosa and pancreatic tissue, and 2 cases of pancreatic tissue. All patients underwent diverticulectomy or partial ileal resection under laparoscopy or laparotomy; two cases combined with appendectomy owing to slight inflammation of the appendix.ConclusionsThe most common presentation of symptomatic MD is painless rectal bleeding; however, it can present symptoms of acute abdomen mimicking acute appendicitis. The key point of diverticulectomy is to remove the ectopic mucosa completely.

Gangrenous Meckel's diverticulum with small bowel obstruction mimicking complicated appendicitis: 'Case report'.

IntroductionThough Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, it is uncommon in the general population and rare in adults. Its preoperative diagnosis is challenging. While obstruction is the commonest complication, its occurrence with gangrenous Meckel's diverticulum is rare. The aim of this presentation is to report this combination and to create awareness among surgeons and radiologists to increase preoperative diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum preventing morbidity and mortality from delay in intervention.Presentation of the caseA twenty-years-old male presented with periumblical pain that later shifted to lower abdomen, vomiting and fever of 10 h durations. He has no history of smoking or diabetes. Physical examination showed tachycardia, fever, and lower abdominal tenderness. Exploratory laparotomy revealed gangrenous Meckel's diverticulum and ileal obstruction by a band arising from the tip of diverticulum to ileal mesentery. We did segmental resection of the ileum containing Meckel's diverticulum and end-to-end anastomosis with the excellent outcome.DiscussionPreoperative diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum is challenging because of non-specific clinical presentations and less sensitivity and specificity of imaging investigations. A high index of suspicion can improve its diagnosis. Axial torsion with gangrenous Meckel's diverticulum is the rarest complication. Management of symptomatic Meckel's diverticulum is surgery. Treatment of silent Meckel's diverticulum is controversial with no strong evidence to treat or not to treat.ConclusionGangrenous Meckel's diverticulum causing small bowel obstruction is rare. Surgeons must have a high index of suspicion to increase preoperative diagnosis of complicated Meckel's diverticulum.

Meckel's diverticulum: misdiagnosis and delayed presentation with ureterohydronephrosis

MD occurs in 2% of the population and is the most common congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract. Most patients are asymptomatic and complications are found in about 5%. This study reports an exceptional case where a longstanding Meckel's diverticulum (MD) was initially misdiagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease and further complicated with ureterohydronephrosis. A 14-year-old male presented with abdominal pain and fever, minor elevation of inflammatory markers, the ultrasound showed a liquid collection and suggested complicated acute appendicitis. Laparoscopy showed a thickened small bowel segment, low grade inflammation of the appendix and no collection; appendectomy was performed. Follow-up ultrasound showed bowel wall thickening and collections, which further suggested inflammatory bowel disease. One month after discharge, the patient returned with abdominal pain and subfebrile temperature. Imaging studies showed pelvic plastron, purulent fluid, collections and right ureterohydronephrosis. Treatment for complicated inflammatory bowel disease was ineffective, there was worsening of the ureterohydronephrosis, however, the collections were small and persisted roughly unchanged, which suggested a different etiology. Scintigraphy with technetium-99m pertechnetate was positive and surgery was proposed. A MD was found intimately adherent to the posterior abdominal wall, involving the ureter. En bloc enterectomy and primary anastomosis were completed successfully. Follow-up ultrasound 11-days after surgery was normal. After 6-months, the patient was asymptomatic. This case represents a diagnostic challenge since ureterohydronephrosis was never described as a complication of MD and it was an important element in the diagnosis.

Ruptured Meckel's diverticulum coexisting with a duplex appendix

Duplicate appendix is a rare anatomic variation of the vermiform appendix with an incidence rate of 0.004–0.009 %. A Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is a common congenital anomaly resulting from the persistence of the omphalomesenteric duct. It may present as lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, intestinal obstruction, or inflammation. The co-existence of a MD and duplex appendix is rare and our literture search revealed only 2 previous reports. The objective of this article is to report a co-existing duplex appendix and symptomatic MD in a child, review the literature, and illustrate the challenges with the diagnostic process in a resource-limited setting. We present a 3-year-old male who was referred to our facility following a successful reduction of an incarcerated umbilical hernia at a peripheral facility. He presented 5 days later with signs of peritonitis and was optimized for surgery. Laparotomy was performed which revealed perforated MD with minimal peritoneal soiling. He also had an incidental duplex appendix consistent with Cave-Wallbridge type B1 and a 2 × 2cm umbilical defect. Segmental resection of the MD, double appendectomies, and peritoneal lavage was performed. A co-existing duplex appendix with MD is extremely rare. Complications of MD are challenging to diagnose. A duplex appendix has clinical and medicolegal implications. Surgeons should explore the cecum during appendectomy to avoid missed diagnosis.

S3060 Adult Onset Complicated Meckel's Diverticulum

S3060 Adult Onset Complicated Meckel's Diverticulum

Value of sonographic pseudogestational sac sign in the diagnosis of Meckel diverticulum in children presenting with bleeding per rectum: a 15-year prospective study

BackgroundMeckel diverticulum is the most common congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common complication of Meckel diverticulum in the paediatric population; the bleeding mostly occurs in the first 2 years of life. Because the diverticulum is seldom seen in clinical practice, misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis are not uncommon. CT and nuclear studies are the most used diagnostic tools in clinical practice. However, radiation and sensitivity concerns remain an issue. Ultrasound has been suggested as an alternative diagnostic tool in diagnosing Meckel diverticulum with mixed results. The aim of our study is to assess the value of using a new sonographic sign, the pseudogestational sac sign in diagnosing Meckel diverticulum in children presenting with bleeding per rectum. Ultrasound was performed for all children. Results were correlated with nuclear studies, histopathology and clinical follow-up findings.ResultsSeventy-three children were included in our study. The pseudogestational sac sign was present in 46 (63%) and absent in 27 (37%) cases. Forty-five children were ultimately diagnosed as Meckel diverticulum. The age ranged from 2 months to 9 years with a mean of 2.3 years. The boy-to-girl ratio was 4.6:1 with 60% of children presenting during their first 2 years of life. The ultrasound performance using the pseudogestational sac sign revealed a sensitivity of 91.1%, specificity of 82.1%, positive predictive value of 89.1%, negative predictive value of 85.2%, positive likelihood ratio of 5.1, negative likelihood ratio of 0.11 and accuracy of 87.7%.ConclusionThe sonographic pseudogestational sac sign is a reliable diagnostic tool for diagnosing Meckel diverticulum in children presenting with bleeding per rectum. The sonographic diagnosis of Meckel diverticulum complies with the international standards of “Image Gently”.

Vólvulo de divertículo de Meckel gigante

El divertículo de Meckel es la anomalía congénita más común del intestino delgado, presente en aproximadamente el 2 % de la población. La mayoría de los casos son asintomáticos; sin embargo, pueden producirse complicaciones potencialmente graves. En estos casos puede haber importantes dificultades en su diagnóstico, por la presentación clínica similar a otros cuadros agudos abdominales. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 75 años que se presentó con una peritonitis difusa aguda, al cual en el intraoperatorio se le diagnosticó un divertículo de Meckel complicado con volvulación y gangrena. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico, con resección en cuña del divertículo.

SPONTANEOUS PERFORATION OF MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Meckel's diverticulum is the commonest congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract. Hemorrhage obstruction and inammation are the three main categories of complications resulting from Meckel's diverticulum. Spontaneously perforation of Meckel's diverticulum is very rare and mimics acute appendicitis. We report a case of 65 year-old female, who presented since 2 days worsening abdominal pain predominantly in the right iliac fossa associated with high grade fever and nausea. On physical examination her abdomen revealed diffuse tenderness, more over the right iliac fossa and the hypogastric region with guarding in the right iliac fossa. A provisional diagnosis of appendicular perforation was made. Our patient had an emergency laparotomy, where a perforated Meckel's diverticulum and advanced peritonitis were discovered. A resection of ileum with meckels diverticulum with end to end anastomosis of ileal loops were performed. Heterotopic mucosa of diverticulitis was conrmed on histopathology. The patient made an uneventful recovery postoperatively . This case report is an interesting and unusual case of Meckel's diverticulum complications and highlights the importance of considering Meckel's diverticulum as a differential diagnosis in every patient presenting with acute abdomen.

Complicated Meckel's Diverticulum in Children: Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Work-Out, Surgical Approach and Postoperative Complications.

IntroductionMeckel’s diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. The majority of cases are asymptomatic and in cases with complications, the diagnosis may be a challenge and the surgical approach is not obvious. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic process and surgical approach in relation to clinical presentation. The secondary aim was to evaluate the severity of postoperative complications. MethodsA two-center, retrospective analysis of all children below the age of 15 years, operated for complications to MD during the period from January 2003 to December 2016.ResultsA total of 58 patients were included. In the 40 patients presenting with an acute abdomen an average of 2.3 preoperative diagnostic investigations was performed. In only five cases an MD was recognized preoperatively. In the 18 patients presenting with rectal bleeding or melaena an average of 3.2 preoperative investigations were performed and in only one case the MD was recognized preoperatively. Laparoscopy was the surgical approach in 36 patients (62%) with a conversion in 8. Postoperative complications were seen in two patients (Clavien-Dindo II and IIIb).ConclusionDespite extensive diagnostic work-out an MD was recognized in only a few patients preoperatively. Laparoscopy was the surgical approach in two-thirds of the patients.

Incidentally discovered Meckel's diverticulum: should I stay or should I go?

The aim of this study was to assess the indication for surgical treatment of incidentally discovered Meckel's diverticulum (MD) on the basis of clinical and histological features. The charts of patients undergoing surgery for MD were analysed. Two groups were identified: (1) patients who had incidentally discovered MD resected (incidental MD, IMD) and (2) patients who received first-line surgery for a complicated MD (CMD). Demographics and intraoperative and post-operative outcomes were compared. Histological findings were also analysed and compared. Sixty-five patients were included in the study. IMD was observed in 39 patients (60%), while CMD was observed in 26 (40%). Male gender was significantly more frequent in CMD (P = 0.020), and mean age was significantly higher in IMD (P = 0.025). Body mass index and the American Society of Anesthesiologists score >2 were similar in both groups. Laparoscopy was carried out in 36% of IMD and in 50% of CMD patients (P = 0.309). A tangential resection was performed in 92% of IMD and 73% of CMD patients (P = 0.07). No complications related to diverticular resection were found in IMD, while they occurred in 8% of CMD patients (P = 0.931). Meanly, diverticula were longer when complicated (P = 0.001). CMD showed significant histological differences and more frequent gastric ectopic mucosa (P = 0.039). A malignant tumour was incidentally found in IMD. As surgery is mandatory in CMD, the optimal management of IMD remains uncertain. Mucosal abnormalities may favour complications, but these cannot be identified before excision. Stapled diverticulectomy is safe and effective. A surgical approach to IMD may prevent complications at a very low cost.

Imaging Findings of Acute Abdomen due to Complications of Meckel Diverticulum.

Meckel diverticulum is the most common and well-known congenital anomaly of the digestive system. Although most cases are asymptomatic, Meckel diverticulum can have a variety of complications, including gastrointestinal bleeding as a result of peptic ulceration, diverticulitis, and small bowel obstruction. Although the radiologic findings of these complications have been reported, they are difficult to diagnose preoperatively because Meckel diverticulum is a small entity. Computed tomography and scintigraphy play an important role in the diagnosis of Meckel diverticulum and its complications. It is important to be familiar with the radiologic features of acute abdomen due to complications of Meckel diverticulum to be able to manage the condition appropriately.

The Many Faces of Meckel's Diverticulum: Update on Management in Incidental and Symptomatic Patients.

Meckel's diverticulum may be detected incidentally or present with symptoms from infancy and to old age. The presentation may be acute, with several complications associated with the condition. We aim to review the many faces with which a Meckel's diverticulum may present, either symptomatically or as an incidental finding. Due to its rarity, recent studies mainly include small retrospective series or case reports. Emphasis in the recent literature is on clinical presentation, the pathology of symptomatic cases, management options and risks of neoplasia. Symptoms are mainly caused by obstruction, bleeding or diverticulitis. Cross-sectional imaging is unspecific, although capsule endoscopy is reported of use in case series. Meckel's diverticulum presents with clinical features that are age-specific. Complicated Meckel's diverticulum is treated by resection. Optimal treatment of incidental cases remains debated. Meckel's diverticulum usually stays asymptomatic, and decision-making for management should be based on patient-specific factors. Use of minimal invasive techniques mandates refinement of the optimal treatment.

Computed tomography of complicated Meckel's diverticulum in adults

ObjectiveTo review the embryology, the clinical findings and the appearance in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of complicated Meckel's diverticulum (DM) in adults. ConclusionThe presence of an MD in a MDCT should be suspected when a blind tubular structure connected to the terminal ileum by a neck of variable size is observed. Multiplanar 2D reconstructions images and CT enterography can help in the diagnosis. In patients with symptoms of obstruction or intestinal inflammation, the possibility of a complication secondary to a MD should be considered, especially when the terminal ileum and the vermiform appendix are normal. MDCT angiography, in cases of acute gastrointestinal bleeding, can identify contrast extravasation and accumulation of blood in the MD, and could demonstrate the persistent omphalomesenteric artery, which is diagnostic of MD. Other MDCT findings such as the presence of enteroliths or associated inflammatory changes around the MD can facilitate the preoperative diagnosis of MD complications.

Predictive model of heterotopy in Meckel's diverticulum in children.

The presence of heterotopic tissue in Meckel's diverticulum (MD) increases the incidence of future complications. Based on this concept, this study aimed to detect clinical and morphological parameters able to predict the probability of heterotopy in incidentally discovered uncomplicated MD and to develop a risk-based classification tool. The clinical records of 146 patients who underwent MD resection were reviewed. MD complications (bleeding, inflammation, perforation or involvement in pathological processes such as intussusception) and MD dimensions (width, length and the product width × length) were evaluated in association with heterotopy. Regression analysis was used to explore the discrete effect of clinically relevant parameters, which were subsequently combined in a Classification and Regression Tree. The probability of heterotopy was higher in complicated MDs. The width of the base of the MD and the product width × length were also significant predictors of heterotopy. A stepwise combination (Classification and Regression Tree model) of (i) uncomplicated macroscopic presentation, (ii) width <2.5 cm, (iii) age <10 years and (iv) product width × length <4 cm2 resulted in a null probability of heterotopy in our study group. The combination of MD-related clinical and morphological parameters using advanced statistical tools may assist in estimating the probability of heterotopy. This may be applied in incidentally discovered uncomplicated MDs during abdominal surgery for other morbidities. Prospective studies are required to confirm our findings and test the practical usefulness of the classification tool developed here.

Tomografía computarizada del divertículo de Meckel complicado en adultos

ObjectiveTo review the embryology, the clinical findings and the appearance in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of complicated Meckel's diverticulum (DM) in adults. ConclusionThe presence of an MD in a MDCT should be suspected when a blind tubular structure connected to the terminal ileum by a neck of variable size is observed. Multiplanar 2D reconstructions images and CT enterography can help in the diagnosis. In patients with symptoms of obstruction or intestinal inflammation, the possibility of a complication secondary to a MD should be considered, especially when the terminal ileum and the vermiform appendix are normal. MDCT angiography, in cases of acute gastrointestinal bleeding, can identify contrast extravasation and accumulation of blood in the MD, and could demonstrate the persistent omphalomesenteric artery, which is diagnostic of MD. Other MDCT findings such as the presence of enteroliths or associated inflammatory changes around the MD can facilitate the preoperative diagnosis of MD complications.

Complications of Meckel's diverticulum in children: about 18 cases

Le diverticule de Meckel (DM) est une persistance du canal omphalo-mésentérique. Il est souvent asymptomatique, mais peut être responsable de complications diverses avec des tableaux cliniques variables notamment chez l'enfant. Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective au Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique du CHU Hassan II de Fès (Maroc), sur les DM compliqués chez l'enfant dans le but de décrire les aspects cliniques, radiologiques et thérapeutiques. Sur une période de 10 ans (janvier 2009- décembre 2018), 18 enfants (15 garçons et 3 filles) âgés de 1 jour à 15 ans (âge moyen de 5 ans) ont été opérés pour une complication du DM. L'invagination intestinale aigue et l'occlusion intestinale étaient les complications les plus fréquentes. Les autres complications décrites sont l'infection du DM (1 cas) et l'hémorragie digestive (2 cas). Deux formes néonatales rares ont été décrites (occlusion néonatale et fistule sur omphalocèle). L'imagerie basée sur la radiographie de l'abdomen sans préparation (ASP), l'échographie et la tomodensitométrie (TDM) abdominale n'ont objectivé le DM en aucun cas. La scintigraphie a été réalisée pour les 2 cas ayant une rectorragie et elle a permis de faire le diagnostic du DM dans un cas. Trois patients ont été opérés par laparoscopie avec résection du DM avec anastomose intestinale par out-laparoscopie. Les autres patients ont été opérés par laparotomie. L'iléostomie a été réalisée dans un cas suivi d'un rétablissement secondaire. L'évolution était bonne pour tous les patients hormis un cas de lâchage d'anastomose. Sur le plan anatomo-pathologique, deux cas d'hétérotopie ont été notés.

Complicated Meckel's diverticulum: Presentation modes in adults.

Complicated Meckel's diverticulum represents a common etiology of acute abdomen in children. However, this condition is less frequent in adults. We reviewed the records of adult patients who underwent the surgical removal of complicated Meckel's diverticulum between 2001 and 2017 at 2 tertiary French medical centers. We then analyzed the clinical characteristics, mode of presentation, and management for all patients.The Meckel's diverticulum was resected in 37 patients (24 males and 13 females). The mean patient age was 46.1 ± 21.4 years. The most common clinical presentations of complicated Meckel's diverticulum were diverticulitis (35.1%, n = 13), small-bowel obstruction (35.1%, n = 13), and gastrointestinal bleeding (29.8%, n = 11) (anemia, n = 1; hematochezia, n = 10). Age distribution was significantly different (P = .02) according to the 3 Meckel's diverticulum complications: patients with diverticulitis (P = .02) were statistically more frequently over 40 (P = .05), significantly older than patients with gastrointestinal bleeding who were more frequently <40 (P = .05). There was a preoperative diagnosis available for 15 of the 37 patients (40%). An exploratory laparoscopy was necessary to determine the cause of disease for the other 22 patients (60%). An intestinal resection was performed in 33 patients (89%) and diverticulectomy was performed in 4 patients (11%). There was heterotopic tissue found in only 6 patients (16%). Postoperative complications were as follows: 1 death by cardiac failure in a 92-year-old patient and 2 patients with postoperative wound infections. The follow-up time was 3 to 12 months.The correct diagnosis of complicated Meckel's diverticulum in adults is difficult due to the lack of specific clinical presentation. As a result, exploratory laparoscopy appears to play a central role in cases of acute abdomen with uncertain diagnosis.

Complicated Meckel's diverticulum

Introduction: Meckel’s diverticulum is rare among the general population. symptoms are varied, the diagnosis is often difficult and the abnormality is usually an incidental finding in laparotomies. Undiagnosed Meckel’s diverticulitis harbor a considerable probability of complications; including perforation and peritonitis. case series: Herein, we report two cases, first case was a 27-year-old male presented with non-specific lower abdominal pain and nausea. Meckel’s diverticulitis was on top of the differential diagnosis by cEct scan of the abdomen. He underwent surgical resection of the Meckel’s diverticulum and appendectomy. the second case was 47-year-old male presented with epigastric pain shifted to the right lower abdomen and one episode of vomiting. the erect abdominal radiograph revealed pneumoperitoneum, which necessitates urgent laparotomy and diverticulectomy. conclusion: Meckel’s diverticulum cases are the most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies despite its relative rarity, but should be pursued in diagnosis and treated surgically because of the high rate of inflammation, intestinal obstruction and perforation.

Internal hernia associated with perforated Meckel's diverticulum

Internal hernia resulting from a perforated Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is an extremely rare complication of MD. A child presenting with signs of obstruction and concomitant sepsis is typically presumed to have perforated acute appendicitis, until proven otherwise intra-operatively. The following case illustrates the importance of recognizing the need for emergent surgery when confronted with an acute abdomen of uncertain etiology and maintaining a broad differential whilst doing so.

Radiologic Imaging in Meckel Diverticulum Complications

In 1809, Johann Friedrich Meckel the Younger described the most common congenital small bowel anomaly, which was named after him; however, the radiologic manifestations and interventional guidelines related to this entity are still limited to a few large-scale case series as well as proposed therapeutic protocols for the general population. Despite the fact that this entity is more commonly found within the first decade of life, imaging and management protocols remain controversial in the pediatric population, particularly within the asymptomatic group. We present an article depicting the radiologic and histologic findings in a series of Meckel's diverticulum within the pediatric population seen within our institution. We present this series to underscore the importance of high clinical suspicion in the early diagnosis and management of Meckel's diverticulum and to examine further the radiologic and therapeutic protocols within the pediatric population based on our local experience.