Mechanism Of Positive Effect Research Articles

The effect of empagliflozin on P wave peak time and other P wave parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Empagliflozin is a selective SGLT2 inhibitor and provides a significant reduction in hospitalizations in heart failure patients and a reduction in combined cardiovascular deaths regardless of diabetes. The mechanisms of favorable effects remain unclear. Improvement in left ventricular diastolic function and a decrease in filling pressure are any mechanisms of positive effects. These effects may show themselves with some changes on the electrocardiography (ECG). So, we aimed to evaluate the effect of empagliflozin on P wave parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without HF. Fifty-three patients were included in the study. The electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluations were examined at the baseline and end of the third month for all patients. The median age of all patients was 55 (45-64 IQR). After treatment, LA volume (p <.001) and diameter (p=.001) in both the parasternal long-axis (p=.001) and the apical four-chamber view decreased. E/e' and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure were significantly decreased after treatment. P wave duration max,min, PWDmin, and PWdis were significantly shorter after treatment. The P wave peak time (PWPT) in lead Dıı and V1 were significantly shorter after treatment. We found shortening of PWPT, PWdis, and PWD as reflections of improvements in left atrial volume and LV diastolic function on ECG after empagliflozin treatment.

Biochar increases rice yield by improving root morphological and root physiological functions in heavily saline-sodic paddy soil of Northeast China

Saline-sodic soil is one of the major threats to crop growth, production, and quality. Biochar amendment could alleviate the adverse impacts of saline-sodic stress in crops. However, the effect of biochar on root morphological, root physiological functions, and rice yield in saline-sodic paddy soil has not been studied. Here, the underlying mechanisms of positive effects in morphological characteristics and physiological functions of rice roots under heavily saline-sodic paddy soil amended with biochar were evaluated. The soil was amended with biochar at zero-biochar (CK), 15g kg-1 soil (T1), 30 g kg-1 soil (T2), or 45 g kg-1 soil (T3). Biochar addition significantly increased root length, root volume, root dry weight, and root-shoot ratio at all growth stages. The root absorption vigor and root oxidization capacity were enhanced and increased significantly by decreasing Na+/K+ ratio, MDA content, and increasing K+ concentration in rice root after biochar amendment. The root bleeding rate of biochar treatments at different growth stage were 11.01% to 67.73% greater than these of CK. The yield of rice was increased significantly under saline-sodic paddy soil after biochar amendment. It was concluded that biochar had positive effect on the morphological characteristics and physiological functions in rice roots in saline-sodic paddy soil.

The mechanism of positive effect of tanshinone II A on cardiac hypertrophy

目的 在原代培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞上,观察丹参酮ⅡA(tanshinoneⅡA,TSN)对血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡA,AngⅡ)诱导的心肌细胞肥大的影响及可能机制.方法采用流式细胞仪测定心肌细胞总蛋白含量作为心肌细胞肥大的指标;用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测心肌细胞原癌基因c-fosmRNA的表达,并用显微荧光分光光度仪测定[Ca2+]1.结果TSN能抑制AngⅡ诱导的心肌细胞蛋白质含量的显著增加(P＜0.05)、心肌细胞原癌基因c-fosmRNA表达的增强(P＜0.05)及[Ca2+]1的增加,其效果与AngⅡ受体阻滞剂缬沙坦(valsartan,Val)相似.结论TSN可以抑制AngⅡ诱导的心肌细胞肥大及原癌基因c-fos的表达,这与其抑制AngⅡ诱导的心肌细胞[Ca2+]1的增加有关。