Creation Mechanism Research Articles

Experimental and numerical simulation study on the CO2 pre-injection fracturing optimization parameters in continental shale oil

The CO2 pre-injection fracturing technique is widely used in the development of shale oil. To address the unclear mechanism of fracture creation in CO2 pre-injection fracturing, a study was conducted on the multi-fracture propagation model for lacustrine shale oil using CO2 pre-injection fracturing. This study revealed the changes in rock mechanical parameters during CO2 pre-injection fracturing, clarified the mechanisms of shale failure and fracture propagation, and optimized the parameters for CO2+water-based fluid fracturing to guide field operations. The research findings indicate that water-based fracturing fluid has a greater impact on the tensile strength and fracture toughness of shale samples compared to CO2+water-based fracturing fluid. CO2 can mitigate the adverse effects of water-based fracturing fluid on the rock's tensile strength and fracture toughness. Introducing CO2 before slickwater can partially restore the brittleness of shale, which is conducive to increasing the complexity of fracture networks. Reducing the viscosity of the water-based fracturing fluid and increasing the volume of CO2 injection are effective measures to enhance the modified volume. Increasing the stage spacing can improve the modified volume but may reduce fracture complexity. As the angle between natural fractures and the maximum horizontal principal stress decreases, the complexity of fractures created by CO2 pre-pad fracturing initially increases and then decreases, while the modified volume initially decreases and then increases.

Transforming Strategy and Value Creation Through Digitalization?

Digital transformation (DT) directly influences organizational competitiveness, reshaping value creation and necessitating adaptation across industries. This study investigates how DT redefines strategic imperatives and the mechanisms of value creation within organizations, synthesizing findings from five thematic clusters: “Strategic Management in Digital Transformation of Organizations”, “Emerging Trends in Digital Entrepreneurship and Sustainability”, “Digital Capabilities and Business Model Innovation”, “Digitalization and Transformation of SMEs”, and “Value Creation through Innovation and Digital Transformation”. The analysis uncovers crucial insights, including the shift towards business-to-business (B2B) value-oriented sales, the role of big data analytics in collaborative innovation, and the integration of AI-driven business models across retail, logistics, and healthcare. Strategic alignment between technological advances and organizational goals emerges as essential, especially for SMEs facing resources, regulatory compliance, and skills development challenges. Despite these insights, significant gaps remain. Future research should delve into the underexplored area of cross-industry best practices, particularly how SMEs can leverage digital tools to enhance resilience and adaptability in market volatility. Further investigation into the long-term impacts of digital entrepreneurship on sustainability is recommended, including metrics for measuring social and environmental value creation. Additionally, digital leadership roles, such as Chief Digital Officers, warrant more in-depth examinations to identify how these leaders can navigate the complexities of DT and maximize value co-creation. This systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis aim to consolidate current knowledge, address critical gaps, and lay the groundwork for future studies that support resilient and sustainable growth in an increasingly digital economy.

Matter-geometry interplay in new scalar tensor theories of gravity

The paper studies the possible interplay between matter and geometry in scalar tensor theories of gravitation where the energy–momentum tensor is directly coupled with the Einstein tensor. After obtaining the scalar tensor representation of the f(R,GμνTμν)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$f(R, G_{\\mu \ u }T^{\\mu \ u })$$\\end{document} gravity, the analysis continue with an approach based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes in open systems. To this regard, various thermodynamic properties are directly obtained in this manner, like the matter creation (annihilation) rate and the corresponding creation (annihilation) pressure. In the case of the Roberson–Walker metric several analytic and numerical solutions are found in the asymptotic regime. In the last part of the manuscript a specific parametrization for the Hubble rate is constrained using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms in the case of cosmic chronometers (CC) and BAO observations, obtaining an approximate numerical solution which can describe the cosmological model. For this model, we have obtained by fine-tuning some numerical solutions which exhibit creation mechanisms in different specific regimes.

Research on the Value Creation Mechanism of Green-Driven Products in the Internet+ Era

In order to improve the value of green-driven products, this paper studies the value creation mechanism of green-driven products in the Internet+ era. Under the framework of the classic Cournot output game, based on the bounded rationality assumption of the participants, this paper constructs a novel Cournot duopoly investment game model, and analyzes the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the participants' investment. The decision variable of participating enterprises is to select the optimal investment amount, and each production enterprise makes investment decisions in the next period according to the observed marginal profit of the current period to maximize the profit. Through calculation and analysis, it can be known that three boundary equilibriums and one interior point equilibrium of the discrete dynamic model system are obtained in this paper. The experimental analysis shows that the value creation mechanism of green-driven products proposed in this paper can effectively promote the value of green-driven products.

Research on the Collaborative Mechanism of Value Creation in Public–Private Partnership Projects Under Dynamic Trust

ABSTRACTPublic–private partnership (PPP) is now focused on project value creation, with trust playing a crucial role. This study models trust evolution among stakeholders using evolutionary game theory and simulations, revealing that higher initial and sustained trust boosts project value. However, overreliance on trust can lead to deregulation and neglect of contracts, harming outcomes. Spillover effects and speculative behavior also threaten value creation. The study identifies an optimal incentive range for reputation gains, highlighting the need for balanced trust mechanisms, effective incentives, and penalties to ensure collaboration and project success.

Research on the Construction Path of the All-Media Matrix for Online Ideological and Political Education in Universities

With the rapid development of information technology, ideological and political education in universities conducted in an online environment has encountered unprecedented challenges and opportunities. The purpose of this study is to deeply analyze how to construct an all-media online ideological and political education system in universities, aiming to enhance the effectiveness and social impact of such education. The article begins by examining the current status of online ideological and political education in universities and exploring the existing problems and their causes. It elaborates on the practical path of building an all-media array for the Internet from various aspects such as improving architectural planning, content creation and distribution mechanisms, technology application and platform construction, and strengthening management and operational structures.

COREDAO.VIP: Crypto-Based Liquidity Pool Creation for Profit Maximization

The emergence of decentralized finance (DeFi) has revolutionized traditional financial markets, offering greater financial inclusion, transparency, and user autonomy. This paper investigates the creation of a coredao.vip crypto-based liquidity pool, allowing liquidity providers to profit similarly to traditional brokers. By leveraging blockchain-based liquidity pools, coredao.vip enables participants to contribute assets to decentralized platforms and earn rewards based on the trading activity within the pool. This research outlines the mechanism of liquidity pool creation, explores its profitability for liquidity providers, and analyzes the associated risks and benefits. The study further examines how decentralized liquidity protocols can democratize access to financial services while addressing liquidity challenges.

Decentralized Integrity: Blockchain-Based Frameworks for Enhancing Software Update Security

This article examines the application of blockchain technology as a solution for secure and transparent software update distribution. As cyber threats evolve, traditional centralized update mechanisms face increasing vulnerabilities to tampering and unauthorized modifications. We propose a blockchain-based framework that leverages distributed ledger technology to create an immutable, decentralized environment for software updates. Our article demonstrates how this approach can eliminate single points of failure, ensure update integrity through cryptographic signing and network-wide verification, and enhance transparency in the update process. We discuss the system architecture, including update creation, distribution, and verification mechanisms, and evaluate its integration with existing software ecosystems. While acknowledging challenges such as scalability and implementation costs, we argue that blockchain-based solutions significantly advance securing software distribution. Our findings suggest that this approach has the potential to become a standard practice in the industry, substantially improving trust and reliability in software update systems. This article contributes to the growing body of research on blockchain applications in cybersecurity and provides insights for future developments in secure software distribution methods.

Wallet wars or digital public infrastructure? Orchestrating a digital identity data ecosystem from a government perspective

With the eIDAS 2.0 legislation, the European Union seeks to establish a digital identity data ecosystem and to empower citizens to manage digital credentials from various sources through an ID wallet interface. To achieve this, governments must develop holistic orchestration models integrating technical, regulatory, and economic perspectives. This approach will foster ecosystem value creation, address orchestration tensions, and design sustainable operating models for various ecosystem actors. While IS research has explored private-sector governance mechanisms in platform and data ecosystems, a research gap exists in understanding public–private orchestration where governments act as orchestrators. We address this through a structured document analysis of 80 position papers from various stakeholders participating in a public government consultation process and 14 semi-structured in-depth interviews. By examining ecosystem value creation mechanisms, orchestration tensions, and monetization challenges, we identify two government orchestration standard types for the ID wallet provision. The Government ID-Infrastructure Wallet model embodies an ecosystem-integrated public infrastructure, while the Trust ID Wallet Federation exemplifies a dynamic and competition-driven approach. By bridging the self-sovereign identity ecosystem paradigm with digital identity infrastructure research, our work contributes to the understanding and theoretical development of data ecosystems and digital identity research from a government perspective.

Technology, capital, and sustainability: Frontiers in just transitions for African mining

Transitions towards sustainability are crucial in the natural resource sector in Africa, particularly in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM). This sector is notably characterized by the extensive use of mercury for gold extraction, which poses significant risks to both human health and ecosystems. This study focuses on Tanzania, where international incentives to reduce mercury have led the state to promote alternative methods and scale up production primarily through cyanide leaching—a more mechanized gold extraction technique.This article examines the implementation of these strategies, identifies the barriers hindering this transition, and explores the resulting inequalities. We employ a mixed methods approach, combining surveys, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation. We adopt the Sustainability and Just Transitions frameworks for the Global South, arguing that applying an in-depth relational approach to the interactions between actors and technologies can illuminate the persistence of environmentally unsustainable practices within the local context. In conclusion, we advocate for international strategies aimed at the Global South to consider the how promoting the eradication of environmentally unsustainable practices can affect livelihood creation mechanisms.

Interfacial modification of CuO/Ga2O3 by plasmonic Pt for high performance self-powered solar-blind UV photodetector

Applications for solar-blind photodetectors (PDs) vary widely and include space communications, ozone monitoring, and more. In this study, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and ion sputtering were employed to develop an unusual self-powered deep ultraviolet (UV) photodetector based on CuO/Ga2O3 with a Pt nanoparticles (NPs) interface. The Pt NPs interface transforms the device design from heterojunction to Schottky junction. The device features a low dark current of 83.2 fA and performs a high photo-to-dark current (Iphoto/Idark) ratio of 1.72 × 104, a specific detectivity (D*) of 9.98 × 1011 Jones, and a quick decay time of 56 ms upon 254 nm UV light at 196.5 μW/cm2 without any power supply. The CuO/Pt/Ga2O3 Schottky junction-based device outperforms the CuO/Ga2O3 heterojunction-based device in terms of detection capabilities in both biased and non-biased settings. This is explained by the Schottky barrier creation mechanism with both Ga2O3 and CuO films, as well as how the plasmon resonance effect (PR effect) balances the barrier on the Ga2O3 side. Furthermore, Pt NPs serve as a potential well, offering an additional recombination channel that accelerates the decay process when the light is turned off. Our findings pave the way for more optoelectronic uses of Ga2O3-based solar-blind UV photodetectors in the future.

The Effect of Inventory Management Practices on Service Delivery: A Study of Sawula General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of inventory management practices on service delivery of Sawula General Hospital. The study employed both descriptive and explanatory research designs to conduct this research. It contained a qualitative and quantitative component that enables the researcher to assess the study easily. The total population of this study was 459 and the researcher takes 293 as sample size from staff’s members, Health department experts and patients. The sampling technique of the study was stratified sampling technique. Primary data were mainly collected using self- administered questionnaires consisting of closed ended questions with 5-point Likert Scale. Data were also collected through questionnaires and interview. The collected data were quantitatively analyzed using SPSS to produce descriptive and inferential statistics and regression analysis. The key findings from the study revealed that there is gap on Sawula General Hospital was relation to applying poor inventory management practice which caused dissatisfaction of the patient/client with the service delivery. Moreover, the finding shows that the inventory management practice was also challenged by shortage of budget and lack of training on inventory management, bureaucratic process and lack of computerized system to manage the inventory. Based on the major findings, the study recommends that applying the scientific concepts of inventory management practices and implementing awareness creation mechanisms to develop patients’ perception of service delivery to increase proper inventory management which realize improved customer service and inventory management by responsible bodies. Moreover, it was also recommended that, the hospital should create ways in solving the critical challenges by allocating enough budgets, avoiding bureaucratic process in procurement, filling knowledge gaps through different trainings.

Value Creation in Technology-Driven Ecosystems: Role of Coopetition in Industrial Networks

Coopetition, while offering significant strategic advantages, presents challenges in maintaining long-term collaboration among competitors, often due to a lack of perceived value for the participating actors. This study explores the role of technology in overcoming these challenges by applying the Service-Dominant Logic (S-D Logic) framework to investigate how technology-driven networks can enhance value co-creation among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study hypothesizes that transitioning to technology-driven coopetition networks can substantially improve value co-creation. To test this hypothesis, the research critically evaluates existing theoretical approaches to coopetition, identifies gaps in understanding value creation mechanisms, and implements an experimental technology-driven coopetition network leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The research design is applied explicitly to the Portuguese ornamental stone industry, a significant economic and cultural sector. The findings confirm that technology-driven coopetition networks can enhance value co-creation and improve outputs. These results suggest that integrating technology into coopetition frameworks can provide a viable path to sustaining competitive advantages in SMEs.

Prediction of noise generated by rod-airfoil configuration: An investigation based on experiments and machine learning

This study investigated the effects of various parameters on the SPL (Sound Pressure Level) levels of rod-airfoil configurations. An experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of the rod parameters, such as the configuration of the rod, the distance between the rod and the airfoil, the diameter effect of the rod, and the geometry of the rod, on the performance of the rod-airfoil configuration. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was then developed and applied to accurately predict the SPL of rod-airfoil configurations. The results of the study revealed that the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm with 2 hidden neurons produced the best performance in predicting the SPL level, with a training R-squared value of 0.9998 and a testing R-squared value of 0.998715. The findings also indicated that increasing rod diameter increases sound pressure level while reducing gap width increases SPL levels and decreases frequency values. This method offers a more precise and effective technique to forecast the SPL levels of rod-airfoil designs, allowing designers to enhance their creations and lower noise levels. The findings of this study can also be utilized to direct future research in this area and offer important information for a better understanding of the mechanism of rod-airfoil noise creation. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to look into rod-airfoil design predictions made using machine learning approaches.

Charmonium states in a coupled-channel model

We systematically investigate the mass spectrum and two-body open-charm strong decays of charmonium states in a coupled-channel model where the 3P0\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$^3P_0$$\\end{document} quark-antiquark pair creation mechanism is employed. The results of masses, mass shifts, proportions of the cc¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$c\\bar{c}$$\\end{document} component, and open-charm decay widths are provided. The S-D wave mixing angles and di-electric decay widths for vector mesons are also presented. Based on our results, we find that the ψ(3770)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\psi (3770)$$\\end{document}, ψ(4040)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\psi (4040)$$\\end{document}, ψ(4160)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\psi (4160)$$\\end{document}, ψ(4360)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\psi (4360)$$\\end{document}, and ψ(4415)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\psi (4415)$$\\end{document} can be assigned as the 13D1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$1^3D_1$$\\end{document}-, 33S1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$3^3S_1$$\\end{document}-, 23D1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$2^3D_1$$\\end{document}-, 43S1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$4^3S_1$$\\end{document}-, and 33D1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$3^3D_1$$\\end{document}-dominated charmonium states, respectively. The ψ3(3842)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\psi _3(3842)$$\\end{document} is a good candidate of the ψ3(1D)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\psi _3(1D)$$\\end{document} charmonium state. The calculated mass and strong decay width of χc1(2P)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\chi _{c1}(2P)$$\\end{document} with significant continuum contribution (∼\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sim $$\\end{document}57%) favor the charmonium interpretation for the mysterious χc1(3872)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\chi _{c1}(3872)$$\\end{document}. When considering the large uncertainty in the observed decay width, the possibility to assign the χc0(3860)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\chi _{c0}(3860)$$\\end{document} as the χc0(2P)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\chi _{c0}(2P)$$\\end{document} charmonium state cannot be ruled out. One may describe well the properties of χc2(3930)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\chi _{c2}(3930)$$\\end{document} with the χc2(2P)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\chi _{c2}(2P)$$\\end{document} charmonium. The predictions on properties of other cc¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$c\\bar{c}$$\\end{document} states can be tested by future experiments.

Can we learn from matter creation to solve the H0\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$H_{0}$$\\end{document} tension problem?

The H0\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$H_{0}$$\\end{document} tension problem is studied in the light of a matter creation mechanism (an effective approach to replacing dark energy), the way to define the matter creation rate being of pure phenomenological nature. Bayesian (probabilistic) Machine Learning is used to learn the constraints on the free parameters of the models, with the learning being based on the generated expansion rate, H(z). Taking advantage of the method, the constraints for three redshift ranges are learned. Namely, for the two redshift ranges: z∈[0,2]\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$z\\in [0,2]$$\\end{document} (cosmic chronometers) and z∈[0,2.5]\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$z\\in [0,2.5]$$\\end{document} (cosmic chronometers + BAO), covering already available H(z) data, to validate the learned results; and for a third redshift interval, z∈[0,5]\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$z\\in [0,5]$$\\end{document}, for forecasting purposes. It is learned that the 3αH0\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$3\\alpha H_{0}$$\\end{document} term in the creation rate provides options that have the potential to solve the H0\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$H_{0}$$\\end{document} tension problem.

Enhanced precision lapping techniques for fused quartz optical elements: Synergistic integration of mechanical and mechanochemical processes

Fused silica is a material of great importance in the field of precision optical equipment due to its excellent optical properties, e.g. photolithography, laser fusion devices, etc. However, the material's inherent hardness and brittleness render it a challenging material to process. Therefore, an enhanced precision lapping technique was proposed, i.e., a synergistic integration of mechanical and mechanochemical lapping processes. Firstly, a synergistic lapping tool with an outer layer of porous diamond abrasive and an inner layer of CeO2 abrasive was fabricated by hot press forming method. The reduction of layer thickness due to abrasion and detachment of the porous diamond abrasive layer was analyzed, and the lapping mechanism of porous diamond on fused silica materials was revealed. The surface creation mechanism of the CeO2 abrasive layer on fused silica material was analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation and the results were validated by enhanced precision lapping experiment. The results demonstrated that the surface atoms of fused silica are removed in a ‘remote disordered’ manner by conventional diamond abrasive grains, whereas the surface atoms of fused silica are removed in a ‘proximally ordered’ manner by the fine porous diamond abrasive grains through the micro-multi-flute cutting. Consequently, the grinding of a porous diamond abrasive layer can significantly reduce the processing damage, with the surface roughness of the lapping Ra reaching 199 nm. The lapping of CeO2 induces the formation of an oxygen bridge on the surface of fused silica, which then produces bending vibration. This is followed by the adsorption and diffusion of oxygen atoms, which form the -Ce-O-Si intermediate with the oxygen atoms shared with the fused silica. This process results in the formation of CeSiO3 and CaSiO3 compounds. The final surface quality with a surface roughness of Ra 21 nm was obtained by mechanochemical lapping of the cerium oxide abrasive layer. The single mechanical-mechanochemical composite ultra-precision lapping process provides technical support for the efficient and low-damage processing of hard and brittle components.

The Role of Migration Processes in the Creation of New Masculinities

Men are oppressed by the influence of hegemonic masculinities precepts. This study that is within the project PID 2021-1271130D-I00, explores the factors and the mechanisms of masculinities creation, masculinities’ influence ONB migratory processes and hate speeches related to them. For this reason, through qualitative methodology and a phenomenological approach, a sample of eight individuals were given semi-structured interviews to investigate and describe the state of masculinity in Almería. The objectives were to highlight the elements that allow the construction of the autochthonous hegemonic masculinities and to know their relationship with Moroccan immigrants’ masculinities, trying to comprehend whether there has been a hybridization of masculinities. According to the results, the theoretical sample follows some of the new masculinities precepts, as well as the process of otherness that young Moroccans raised in Spain apply to those raised in Morocco. This eventuality confirms that the theory is disconnected from reality, overall, resulting in the fact that people perpetuate ideas which are not in line with reality.

The new world monetary system – prerequisites for creation and implementation mechanisms

The article examines the main directions of creating a new global monetary system as the basis for the formation of an alternative global financial architecture. The strengthening of the role of the BRICS countries in the global financial and monetary system is shown. The main financial indicators of the New Development Bank (NDB) are analyzed, including the history of its creation, share capital, loan portfolio, borrowed funds from the global capital market. The prospects for the development of the NTB and its ability to participate in the formation of a new global financial and monetary system independent of the Anglo-Saxon financial elite and international financial institutions controlled by it are assessed. The possibilities of introducing a single Brics unit of account into the NBR are being considered.

Timing limits of ultrafast cross-luminescence emission in CsZnCl-based crystals for TOF-CT and TOF-PET

BackgroundGood timing resolution in medical imaging applications such as TOF-CT or TOF-PET can boost image quality or patient comfort significantly by reducing the influence of background noise. However, the timing resolution of state-of-the-art detectors in CT and PET are limited by their light emission process. Core-valence cross-luminescence is an alternative, but well-known compounds (e.g. BaF2) pose several problems for medical imaging applications, such as their emission wavelength in the deep UV. CsZnCl-based materials show promise to solve this issue, as they provide fast decay times of 1–2 ns and an emission wavelength around 300 nm.ResultsIn this work, we investigated two CsZnCl-compounds: Cs2ZnCl4 and Cs3ZnCl5. We validated the previously published decay times on a time-correlated single-photon counting setup with 1.786 ± 0.016 ns for Cs2ZnCl4 and 1.034 ± 0.013 ns for Cs3ZnCl5. The setup’s high resolution enabled the discovery of an additional prompt emission component with a significant abundance of 98 ± 18 (Cs2ZnCl4) and 86 ± 14 (Cs3ZnCl5) photons/MeV energy deposit. In a PET coincidence experiment, we measured the best coincidence time resolution (CTR) of 62 ps (FWHM) for Cs2ZnCL4 coupled to FBK VUV SiPMs with silicon oil. To assess the CTR for lower energies, we filtered the energy along the Compton continuum and found a deteriorated CTR that seems to be mainly influenced by photon statistics. Furthermore, this study gave us a rough estimate of e.g. 150 ps (FWHM) CTR at 100 keV energy for Cs2ZnCL4. From measurements with high activity of 14 MBq to check for pile-up effects we assume that Cs2ZnCl4 is better suited for high-rate time-of-flight applications than lutetium-based oxides. Simulations demonstrated that the stopping power of Cs2ZnCl4 is lower than for LSO:Ce,Ca, meaning that a high amount of material would be needed for TOF-PET applications. However, the stopping power seems acceptable for applications in TOF-CT.ConclusionsThe fast decay time, state-of-the-art CTR in benchtop experiments and high-rate suitability make CsZnCl materials a promising candidate for time-of-flight experiments. We consider especially TOF-CT a suitable application due to its relatively low X-ray energies (~ 100 keV) and the thusly acceptable stopping power of Cs2ZnCl4. Currently, further exploration of the prompt emission and its creation mechanism is planned, as well as investigating the light transport of Cs2ZnCl4 in longer crystals.