Development Of Mechanical Systems Research Articles

A Historical Account on Italian Mechanism Models

This illustration-based paper presents and account of Italian History on the collections mechanism models that were used and still can be used in design, teaching, and research activities not only on research and development of mechanical systems. A conceptual procedure is outlined for the development and use of mechanism models mainly at reduced scaled size. Main Italian collections of mechanism models are introduced with their historical values and current status. Those examples are reported also to show the value of Cultural Heritage that mechanism models and corresponding developments may have as worthful for preservation and understanding of past achievements in mechanism design and its application even in other frames.

Functional Trade-offs in the Mechanical Design of Integrated Products - Impact on Robustness and Optimisability

AbstractIt is generally accepted in industry and academia that trade-offs between functional design objectives are an inevitable factor in the development of mechanical systems. These trade-offs can have a large influence on the achievable robustness and performance of the final design, with many products only functioning in narrow sweet-spots between different objectives. As a result, the design process of multi- functional products can be prolonged when designers concurrently attempt to find sweet-spots between a number of potentially interdependent trade-offs. This paper will show that designers only have six different approaches available when attempting to manage a trade-off while trying to ensure robustness and a sufficient performance. These fall within one of three categories; accept, optimise, or redesign. Selecting the wrong approach, can result in consequences downstream which can be difficult to predict, amongst others a lack of robustness to geometric variation, constrained performance, and long development lead time. This points to a substantial potential in the synthesis of design methods that support the identification and management of trade-offs in early product development.

Development of low cost and accurate homemade sensor system based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)

In this paper, we developed homemade and computerized sensor system based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The developed systems consist of mechanical system instrument, laser power sensor, and user interface. The mechanical system development that uses anti-backlash gear design was successfully able to enhance the angular resolution angle of incidence laser up to 0.01°. In this system, the laser detector acquisition system and stepper motor controller utilizing Arduino Uno which is easy to program, flexible, and low cost, was used. Furthermore, we employed LabView’s user interface as the virtual instrument for facilitating the sample measurement and for transforming the data recording directly into the digital form. The test results using gold-deposited half-cylinder prism showed the Total Internal Reflection (TIR) angle of 41,34°± 0,01° and SPR angle of 44,20°± 0,01°, respectively. The result demonstrated that the developed system managed to reduce the measurement duration and data recording errors caused by human error. Also, the test results also concluded that the system’s measurement is repeatable and accurate.

Adaptability of solar energy conversion systems on ships

International trade of goods largely uses maritime/transoceanic ships driven by engines using fossil fuels. This two centuries tradition is technologically mature but significantly adds to the CO2 emissions; therefore, recent trends focus on on-board implementation of systems converting the solar energy into power (photovoltaic systems) or heat (solar-thermal systems). These systems are carbon-emissions free but are still under research and plenty of effort is devoted to fast reach maturity and feasibility. Unlike the systems implemented in a specific continental location, the design of solar energy conversion systems installed on shipboard has to face the problem generated by the system base motion along with the ship travelling on routes at different latitudes: the navigation direction and sense and roll-pitch combined motion with reduced amplitude, but with relatively high frequency. These raise highly interesting challenges in the design and development of mechanical systems that support the maximal output in terms of electricity or heat. The paper addresses the modelling of the relative position of a solar energy conversion surface installed on a ship according to the current position of the sun; the model is based on the navigation trajectory/route, ship motion generated by waves and the relative sun-earth motion. The model describes the incidence angle of the sunray on the conversion surface through five characteristic angles: three used to define the ship orientation and two for the solar angles; based on, their influence on the efficiency in solar energy collection is analyzed by numerical simulations and appropriate recommendations are formulated for increasing the solar energy conversion systems adaptability on ships.

Semantic restrictions and rules in applications of multibody dynamics

Application of computational methods, including multibody system simulation, has become a common approach in the product development of mechanical systems and machines. Computational methods enable the efficient study of the kinematics and dynamics of mechanical systems being developed, and thus reduce development costs of the product. The increasing application of computational methods in product development processes has resulted in a new problem; the management and efficient utilisation of massive amounts of new design data. Because of the amounts, intelligent computational systems are needed for efficient use of the data coming, e.g. from multibody system simulations. This article introduces the use of semantic restrictions and rules in an ontology-based multibody system modelling approach. It discusses the benefit of separating modelling data and domain data semantics from the modelling and simulation tools and develops an improved multibody system modelling ontology with general modelling restrictions and rules, demonstrating its application with a simple example. The application of modelling case-specific rules is also demonstrated with an example.

Evaluation of green maintenance initiatives in design and development of mechanical systems using an integrated approach

The growing public concern on global environmental degradation is forcing many industries to undertake environmentally conscious policies for product design, manufacturing, service and end-of-life activities. Maintenance is a critical activity carried out in the use phase of the product life cycle to prolong system availability. The increasing amount of repairs and maintenance of machinery has become a burden on the environment. Therefore, green maintenance driven product design and maintenance actions are critically important; and organizations are now looking for methods and tools to assess the sustainability aspects of their design and operation. This paper presents an objective approach to evaluate green maintenance aspects of mechanical systems at its design stage and rank the design alternatives. It takes into consideration the green maintenance requirements, environment conscious attributes and their interrelationships. The evaluation problem is formulated as a multi-attribute decision-making model and solved using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach. The proposed approach starts with applying AHP method to evaluate the importance of green maintenance requirements during maintenance. Then the relationships between the requirements and design characteristics are established and the TOPSIS method is adopted to rank the design alternatives.

A methodology for the model-based development of mechanical systems: application to the CSeriesside stick controller

This paper introduces a methodology for the model-based development of mechanical systems at the aircraft manufacturer level. The presented methodology is applied to the CSeries side stick controll...

S1501-2-2 エコロジーを考慮した機械システムの開発(エコロジーと機械工学(2),社会変革を技術で廻す機械工学)

S1501-2-2 エコロジーを考慮した機械システムの開発(エコロジーと機械工学(2),社会変革を技術で廻す機械工学)

Development of Mechanical System and Software of 3D Rehabilitation System for the Upper Limbs in a NEDO Project and Their Clinical Evaluations(Power Assist and Nursing 2,Session: TP1-C)

Development of Mechanical System and Software of 3D Rehabilitation System for the Upper Limbs in a NEDO Project and Their Clinical Evaluations(Power Assist and Nursing 2,Session: TP1-C)

開発設計のフィロソフィ : 機械技術のフロンティアを探る

開発設計のフィロソフィ : 機械技術のフロンティアを探る

Development of a BLC high-lift system for high-speed airplanes.

This paper presents the significant steps in the development of a boundary-layer control (BLC) high-lift system for the 367-80 (707 prototype) airplane. The design is based on an advanced boundary-layer control concept using an ejector for momentum augmentation of BLC air and primary air bleed from the propulsion system. A modulated thrust reverser for flight-path control has been integrated into the over-all design. Considerations leading to the selection of the design concept are discussed, and the importance of a well integrated program of aerodynamic and mechanical system development is shown. Pertinent results of research involving two-dimensional and complete configuration tests in the wind tunnel and full-scale ejector tests in the laboratory are given. A recently completed, joint flight research program by Boeing and NASA shows that large gains in low-speed performance can be made with blowing boundary-layer control. Landing speeds less than 85 knots at 140,000 Ib airplane gross weight have been consistently achieved. Careful flight evaluation shows that conventional aerodynamic controls with stability augmentation can provide satisfactory handling characteristics for large jet airplanes throughout the extended low-speed flight envelope.