Mechanical Properties Of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Research Articles

Impact of Soft Segment Composition on Phase Separation and Crystallization of Multi-Block Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Based on Poly(butylene adipate) Diol and Polycaprolactone Diol

In this work, we explore the influence of soft segment structure on the crystallinity and phase separation of semicrystalline multi-block thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) based on poly(butylene adipate) diol, polycaprolactone diol, and their mixture. According to thermal and structural analyses, the crystal growth rate and degree of crystallinity decrease with an increase in the PCL/PBA ratio and reach a minimum at the equimolar composition of polyesters. A reduction in crystal phase content leads to an improvement in elastomeric behavior. TPU samples with high PCL content demonstrate enhanced crystallinity but a lower melting temperature compared to TPU with PBA crystals. Crystallization of TPU below room temperature results in an enhancement of total crystallinity and a change in the phase composition of the PBA block. The difference in semicrystalline morphology and crystallization kinetics can be explained by the efficiency of phase separation and the density of hydrogen bonding between soft and hard segments. Our findings show that the ratio of the two crystallizable polyesters, combined with the choice of crystallization temperature, allows for independent control over the melting temperature and the overall degree of crystallinity of the TPUs. This significantly impacts the mechanical characteristics of the materials. The effect of adding a second crystallizable polyester on the crystallization behavior, phase composition, and mechanical properties of TPU is discussed for the first time.

Mechanical and tribological characterization of 3D printed-cryogenically treated thermoplastic polyurethane

In knee replacement surgery, the longevity of implants, particularly the plastic spacer between the femur and tibial metallic component, has profound implications. Traditionally, Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been the material of choice, yet its susceptibility to rapid wear necessitates the exploration of alternatives. Among these, Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) is a promising candidate. This study delves into the transformative impact of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the tribological, mechanical, and surface attributes of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) - produced TPU.Key findings unveil a substantial enhancement in the wear performance of DCT-treated TPU compared to its untreated counterpart. Moreover, extrusion temperature (ET) and print speed (PS) emerge as pivotal parameters, with optimal outcomes observed at 250 °C and 15 mm/s, signifying their paramount importance. In contrast, layer thickness (LT) and raster orientation (RO) exhibit less influence on tribological properties. Furthermore, a notable transformation in surface characteristics is evident, with untreated TPU presenting a smoother profile than treated TPU.This research underscores the potential of deep cryogenic treatment to augment the tribological and mechanical properties of TPU, rendering it a compelling prospect for orthopedic implants. These findings contribute significantly to the ongoing endeavor to enhance implant materials and their durability in biomedical applications.

Study of the mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) recycled from end-of-life ski-boots and techno-economic analysis (TEA) of the mechanical recycling processes

A novel process for the mechanical recycling of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) parts of end-of-life ski-boots was developed with the aim to produce new ski-boots with a fully circular approach. A detailed study on the effects of the use of the boot and of the recycling processes on the properties of the recycled TPU was reported. Chemical and thermal analyses showed a slight degradation of the TPU polymer due to the use of the boots, which however did not affect the mechanical properties of the material. Multiple recycling processes were conducted and the TPU recovered from virgin boots exhibited a loss of the tensile strength (from 44 to 26 MPa) and of elongation at break (from 1046% to 840%) values after three consecutive recycling steps, while the TPU recovered from used boots exhibited similar mechanical losses already after two recycling steps. The simulation of aging by water/thermal cycles showed a plasticization effect (Young Modulus decreased of 16%) by immersion in water, followed by cold temperatures, while an opposite trend (Young Modulus increase of 13%) was observed for the aging treatments performed at 75 °C for 100 h. The Techno-Economic Analysis of the proposed recycling process showed that the recycling processes are scalable, but the recycling of at least 30000 ski-boots is needed to be economically profitable.

Mussel-inspired interfacial reinforcement of thermoplastic polyurethane based energetic composites

The interfacial interaction and the microstructure evolution play a vital role in the mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) based energetic composites. In this work, inspired by the strong adhesion of mussels, 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) energetic crystals were coated with polydopamine (PDA) via in-situ polymerization of dopamine and then dispersed in TPU matrix. The core-shell structure of CL-20@PDA was confirmed by in-depth structural characterizations. The uniform and compact PDA shell gave rise to a high thermal stability with phase transition temperature of CL-20 crystals increased by 11.5 °C. Moreover, the PDA modification endowed the TPU based composites with excellent mechanical properties. A striking increase in mechanical properties and creep resistance was achieved with 6 h polymerization time of PDA. Compared with the PBX-Raw with untreated CL-20 crystals, the compressive and tensile strength after PDA coating increased by 115% and 57%, and the compressive and tensile fracture energy increased by 148% and 68%. The storage modulus at 25 °C was 40% higher than PBX-Raw. The enhancement effectivity could be ascribed to both interfacial interaction and the microstructure evolution of TPU binder. The theoretical simulations by molecular dynamics demonstrated the strong interfacial interaction mechanism between CL-20 and PDA. Moreover, the abundant hydrogen bonds between the hard segments of TPU and functional groups of PDA facilitated the formation of more hard microdomains which acted as physical crosslinking points to promote the phase separation. This work provides a potential method for the mechanical and thermal enhancement for TPU based energetic materials based on dopamine chemistry.

Different Adsorption Behaviors and Mechanisms of Anionic Azo Dyes on Polydopamine–Polyethyleneimine Modified Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanofiber Membranes

Considering the notable mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polydopamine–polyethyleneimine (PEI) -modified TPU nanofiber membranes (PDA/PEI-TPU NFMs) have been developed successfully for removal of anionic azo dyes. The adsorption capacity of PDA/PEI-TPU NFMs was evaluated using three anionic dyes: congo red (CR), sunset yellow (SY), and methyl orange (MO). Interestingly, it exhibited different adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of CR on PDA/PEI-TPU NFMs compared with SY and MO. With the decrease in pH, leading to more positive charges on the PDA/PEI-TPU NFMs, the adsorption capacity of SY and MO increased, indicating electrostatic interaction as a main mechanism for SY and MO adsorption. However, wide pH range adaptability and superior adsorption have been observed during the CR adsorption process compared to SY and MO, suggesting a synergistic effect of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction, likely as a critical factor. The adsorption kinetics revealed that chemical interactions predominate in the CR adsorption process, and multiple stages control the adsorption process at the same time. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of CR, SY and MO were reached 263, 17 and 23 mg/g, respectively. After six iterations of adsorption–desorption, the adsorption performance of the PDA/PEI-TPU NFMs did not decrease significantly, which indicated that the PDA/PEI-TPU NFMs have a potential application for the removal of CR molecules by adsorption from wastewater.

Improvement of dielectric constant and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethanes using surface modified strontium titanate

AbstractRecently, the focus of research in electronic industry has shifted toward obtaining high‐charge‐storing materials. Inspired by the trends in recent technological advancements, we proposed to fabricate a promising composite with a high‐dielectric constant, high‐thermal stability, good mechanical property, and excellent resistance to stiffness. We used thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as the matrix and strontium titanate (SrTiO3) particles as a filler to obtain the required properties. To address the incompatibility between the TPU matrix and SrTiO3 particles, the surface of SrTiO3 particles was functionalized with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). The functionalization of SrTiO3 particles with IPDI molecules was confirmed through various investigations: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis were performed. Low‐speed melt extrusion methods were used to fabricate the composite materials. The composite materials possessed higher thermal stability, high‐dielectric constant (three times that of neat TPU at 1 MHz), and mechanical properties with high stiffness.

Preparation of Ni-Fe layered double hydroxides and its application in thermoplastic polyurethane with flame retardancy and smoke suppression

Aluminum hypophosphite (AHP), as an effective phosphorus-based flame retardant used in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), released a large amount of smoke and toxic gasses during combustion. In this work, a flame retardant filler, Ni-Fe layered double hydroxides (NiFe-LDHs), was synthesized and applied in TPU together with AHP. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the TPU/6AHP/1NiFe-LDH composite reached 30.7% with a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. Compared with neat TPU, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) values of TPU/6AHP/1NiFe-LDH sample were reduced by 67.9% and 40.8%, respectively. Moreover, both the smoke production and CO/CO2 yield were also decreased sharply. It was proposed that NiFe-LDH provided the effect of catalyzing char formation, and the obtained dense char layer was able to block both heat and smoke release. In addition, the addition of NiFe-LDH had little effect on the mechanical properties of TPU, and the tensile strength and elongation at break only decreased by 6.0% and 6.9%, respectively. This work provides a new strategy for fillers and flame retardants to improve the flame retardant properties and smoke suppression of TPU.

Effects of a new compatibilizer on the mechanical properties of TPU/PEBA blends

In this work, to improve the mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyether-block-amide elastomer (PEBA) was used to modify it through a blending method. Due to the low compatibility of the two, a polyurethane with one end blocked with an isocyanate group and one end blocked with two epoxy groups was prepared as a compatibilizer, named as E-PU-I. And a series of TPU/PEBA blends with different components were prepared using a torque rheometer, and the effects of E-PU-I on the microstructure, phase interface interaction, rheological properties and mechanical properties of the blends were investigated. It proves that E-PU-I improves the compatibility between TPU and PEBA, resulting in more uniform dispersion of PEBA in TPU and smaller particle size, thus improving the overall performance of the blends. In addition, when the critical E-PU-I content is around 3.2 parts, the mechanical properties of the blends have been significantly improved.

Synergistic thermodynamic compatibility of polydimethylsiloxane block in thermoplastic polyurethane for flame retardant materials: Super flexible, highly flame retardant and low smoke release

A method of mixing soft segments was used to solve the thermodynamic incompatibility problem, which provided direction for the synthesis of better-performing silicone-modified thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The polytetrahydrofurandiol (PTMG) based TPU blocked by hydroxybutane terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was synthesized by the bulk polymerization. Using FTIR fitting, WAXR, DSC and DMA to explore the effect of PDMS on the microstructure of TPU, mechanical tests, TGA, static contact angle and flame retardant tests were used to test the macroscopic properties of TPUs. The results showed that: PDMS had a remodeling effect on the formation of TPU microstructure, which made the fine three-phase structure formed in Si-TPU. PDMS had the effect of increasing elongation at break for TPU, increasing the elongation at break by 173.8%. PDMS reduced the decomposition rate and increased the hydrophobicity with a water contact angle to 111.5°. Moreover, the TPU modified with silicone had good flame retardancy, with the limiting oxygen index (LOI) reaching 27, which reduced the total heat release to less than half of the original and inhibited smoke release. The non-polar and non-hydrogen bonding hydroxybutane terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was introduced as a modifier into polytetrahydrofuran diol (PTMG)-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The effect of PDMS on the microstructure of PTMG-based TPU with strong hydrogen bonding was explored, which also had an impact on the macroscopic properties. • The method of mixing soft segments is used to solve the larger thermodynamic incompatibility between hydroxybutane terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). • PDMS could produce a finer three-phase structure in TPU, and the degree of crystallinity and microphase mixing decrease with the increase of PDMS. • The addition of PDMS produces a linear decrease in the mechanical properties of TPU but improves the hydrophobicity and flame retardancy.

Design of Hierarchical Architected Lattices for Enhanced Energy Absorption.

Hierarchical lattices are structures composed of self-similar or dissimilar architected metamaterials that span multiple length scales. Hierarchical lattices have superior and tunable properties when compared to conventional lattices, and thus, open the door for a wide range of material property manipulation and optimization. Using finite element analysis, we investigate the energy absorption capabilities of 3D hierarchical lattices for various unit cells under low strain rates and loads. In this study, we use fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing to fabricate a dog bone specimen and extract the mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) 85A with a hundred percent infill printed along the direction of tensile loading. With the numerical results, we observed that the energy absorption performance of the octet lattice can be enhanced four to five times by introducing a hierarchy in the structure. Conventional energy absorption structures such as foams and lattices have demonstrated their effectiveness and strengths; this research aims at expanding the design domain of energy absorption structures by exploiting 3D hierarchical lattices. The result of introducing a hierarchy to a lattice on the energy absorption performance is investigated by varying the hierarchical order from a first-order octet to a second-order octet. In addition, the effect of relative density on the energy absorption is isolated by creating a comparison between a first-order octet lattice with an equivalent relative density as a second-order octet lattice. The compression behaviors for the second order octet, dodecahedron, and truncated octahedron are studied. The effect of changing the cross-sectional geometry of the lattice members with respect to the energy absorption performance is investigated. Changing the orientation of the second-order cells from 0 to 45 degrees has a considerable impact on the force–displacement curve, providing a 20% increase in energy absorption for the second-order octet. Analytical solutions of the effective elasticity modulus for the first- and second-order octet lattices are compared to validate the simulations. The findings of this paper and the provided understanding will aid future works in lattice design optimization for energy absorption.

A novel triazine-based covalent organic framework: Enhancement fire resistance and mechanical performances of thermoplastic polyurethanes

In this study, we decided to synthesize a flame-retardant triazine-based covalent organic framework (FT-COF) via solvothermal reaction, to improve the fire safety and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). By adding 3.0 wt% of FT-COF, the tensile strength and elongation of TPU increased by 69% and 12%, respectively. After incorporating of FT-COF nanoparticles, the thermal stability of TPU was significantly improved that resulted in the increasing of char residue up to 158% for TPU/FT-COF 3%. With addition of 3.0 wt% FT-COF, the peak heat release rate, total heat release of TPU composite were dramatically decreased by 51.6% and 47.3%, respectively. Besides, the TPU/FT-COF 3% indicated distinct reductions in the total smoke release (41.1%) and the peak of carbon monoxide production rate (43.53%). This study offers a new plan to outstandingly reducing the flammability of TPU, thus developing its industrial usage.

Softening and hardening of thermal plastic polyurethane blends by water absorbed

In this work, the effect of water on the structure and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends with different ratios of a high and low hardness TPU composition was explored by experiment and simulation. The decrease of modulus of the TPU blends after immersion in water (softening of TPU), and the interesting increase of modulus of wet samples after losing some free water (hardening of TPU) compared to the dry samples, were observed in this work. By analyzing the change of glass transition temperature, the degree of phase separation of samples after immersion in water, and the types of water and hydrogen bond in samples, the possible mechanism behind the above softening and hardening of wet TPU samples was proposed. The softening and hardening of wet TPU samples were attributed to the change of structure in the interface between hard and soft domains in TPU, which is a combined effect including the plasticization of free water, breakage and/or decreasing the strength of original hydrogen bond by water, and formation of new hydrogen bond (elastic active cross-linking point) by free carbonyl groups in TPU and water etc.

Copper-Polyurethane Composite Materials: Particle Size Effect on the Physical-Chemical and Antibacterial Properties.

In this work, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites incorporated with 1.0 wt% Cu particles were synthesized by the melt blending method. The effect of the incorporated copper particle size on the antibacterial, thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of TPU was investigated. The obtained results showed that (i) the addition of copper particles increased the thermal and mechanical properties because they acted as co-stabilizers of polyurethane (PU) (ii) copper nanoparticles decreased the viscosity of composite melts, and (iii) microparticles > 0.5 µm had a tendency to easily increase the maximum torque and formation of agglomerates. SEM micrographics showed that a good mixture between TPU and copper particles was obtained by the extrusion process. Additionally, copper-TPU composite materials effectively inhibited the growth of the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Considering that the natural concentration of copper in the blood is in the range of 0.7–0.12 mg/L and that the total migration value of copper particles from TPU was 1000 times lower, the results suggested that TPU nanocomposites could be adequately employed for biomedical applications without a risk of contamination.

The Effect of Mixed Chain Extender on the Hydrogen Bonding, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of TPUs

Chain extender plays a significant role in enhancing the final mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPUs) derived from polytetra methylene etherglycol (PTMG) and 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). In this research we focused on the effect that mixed chain extender of ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) used has on the phase behavior and morphology of high hard block content TPUs. DSC, FTIR, and mechanical testing were mainly used to characterize the morphology and properties of the TPUs materials. Through this work we were able to show that mixed ratio of different chain extenders had dramatic effects on the properties of the TPUs. After mixing EG and BDO, the degree of hydrogen bonding, melting temperature, tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness of TPUs are all reduced, the glass transition temperature is increased. when the mixing ratio is 1: 1 , the elongation at break is increased to 672% . However, when the mixing ratio is n (EG): n (BDO) = 1: 2, the tensile strength is increased to 29.2 MPa, and the elongation at break is reduced to 353%.

Microscopic morphology, thermodynamic and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane fabricated by selective laser sintering

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is one of the elastomeric polymers which has widespread applicability in various fields. Selective laser sintering (SLS) technology is gradually being used to manufacture actual end-use components and enables novel applications (footwear, healthcare mattresses, cable and wire) for TPU. This work aims to explore an optimum protocol (laser power, scanning speed and layer thickness) for SLS fabricated TPU components, and to evaluate the processability of TPU powder through systematically analyzing the morphological properties, structure, melting temperature, crystallization characteristics and tensile properties under different processing parameters. The optimum SLS processing parameters for TPU are laser speed of 3500 mm s−1, laser power of 25 W and layer thickness of 0.1 mm. The tensile strength and superlative toughness of SLS-fabricated TPU samples can reach up to 20.02 MPa and 26 631 J mm−3, respectively. The tensile strength of optimized SLS specimens (parameters: 20 W, 4500 mm s−1, 0.15 mm) has been increased by 87.1% compared to that of reference.

Phosphorus-containing organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles for the smoke suppression and flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane

It is always a big challenge for fabricating flame-retarded and smoke-suppressed polymers with excellent mechanical properties in fire-safety material field. In this work, novel organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles named phosphoryl polyethyleneimine amide-layered double hydroxide (PPEIA-LDH) were prepared via a simple reaction process. When the PPEIA-LDH nanoparticles were used to prepare flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), it was found that a small amount of PPEIA-LDH remarkably reduced the fire hazard of TPU via a typical intumescent flame-retardant mode. Only 6.0 wt% PPEIA-LDH endowed TPU with a limiting oxygen index of 29.0% and a UL-94 V-0 rating, and also reduced total smoke production and total heat release of TPU by 31.6 and 49.9%, respectively, moreover, mechanical properties of TPU did not show any decrease in this case. The analysis for flame-retardant and smoke-suppression mechanisms demonstrated that synergistic charring between the organic component and the inorganic component in PPEIA-LDH played a crucial role in reducing the fire hazard of TPU. Excellent mechanical properties of TPU/PPEIA-LDH is ascribed to the uniform dispersion of PPEIA-LDH and good interfacial interaction with TPU. This work demonstrates that organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticle may provide a promising solution for fabricating fire-safety polymers with excellent overall performance.

Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane-/Silane-Modified Al2O3 Composite Fabricated via Melt Compounding.

The increase of miniaturization and rise of powerhouses has caused a need for high-performing thermal interface materials (TIMs) that can transfer heat in electronic packaging. In this study, a thermoplastic polyurethane (PU)/alumina composite was produced via twin extrusion and was suggested as a TIM. The surfaces of the alumina particles were modified by γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and then evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images revealed that the addition of surface-modified alumina was well adhered in the PU matrix. The tensile strength of the composite remained unchanged, while the Young’s modulus showed improvement as compared to the pure PU. The elongation at the break decreased as the filler loading increased, due to the brittle behavior of the composite. The viscoelastic elastic property analysis results revealed that there was an increase in the storage modulus of the composite and the glass transition temperature curve shifted to the right. The thermal conductivity of the composite showed that there was an 80.6% improvement in thermal conductivity with the incorporation of 40% APTES-treated alumina particles.

Facile fabrication of organically modified boron nitride nanosheets and its effect on the thermal stability, flame retardant, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane

Although hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) has presented a potential prospect in polymer composite fields, undesirable interfacial interaction with polymer matrix that generates serious aggregation of nanomaterials has suppressed its enhancement effect. Moreover, the chemically inert surface of h‐BN also makes the commonly used approach that improves the interfacial interaction between nanofillers and polymeric matrix invalid. Herein, the functionalized modification of chemically inert h‐BN was successfully fabricated by the adsorption of cetyl‐trimethylammonium bromide, with electrostatic interactions. The obtained h‐BN (cetyl‐trimethylammonium bromide‐BN) was well characterized by systematic tests and then added into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix. The inclusion of functionalized h‐BN can dramatically improve thermal stability, flame retardant, and mechanical properties of TPU composites. With the incorporation of as low as 4.0 wt% nanofillers, maximal value of heat release rate and total heat release of TPU were reduced by 57.5% and 17.8%, compared with those of pure TPU, respectively. Moreover, tensile strength of TPU composite with a loading of 2.0 wt% was increased by 79.3% in comparison with that of neat TPU. The facile functionalized approach of chemically inert h‐BN paves the way for promising applications of h‐BN in the development of flame retardant polymer materials.

Wood‐based composites with thermoplastic polyurethane as matrix polymer

ABSTRACTThis research reports the influence of the mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as a function of wood filler percentage. Wood flour was mixed with two different chemically based TPUs. Also, moisture content during compounding process as well as the origin of moisture (wood or TPU) were studied. All experimental designs and statistical analysis were done with the software Design Expert Version 10. Composite preparation took place in a multi‐stage process. The results showed that 70% wood filler can be incorporated in the composite manufacture. The properties of the composite were mainly influenced by the proportion of wood and TPU. Wood flour increased the density, hardness, water absorption, and tensile modulus with a decrease in impact resistance and abrasion resistance of the composite. Tensile strength exhibited a decrease up to ∼35% wood content, but an increase with further addition of wood. Moisture content had only a minor influence on the mechanical and water absorption properties despite the noted severe moisture sensitivity of TPU, which usually leads to decline in mechanical properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46344.

Effect of expandable graphite on flame retardant, thermal and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composites filled with huntite&hydromagnesite mineral

The effect of expandable graphite (EG) was studied on the flame retardant, thermal and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) containing huntite&hydromagnesite (HH). According to the flammability tests results, the synergistic interaction was observed between HH and EG. The maximum limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was observed at a ratio of 1:1 (HH:EG) and the highest vertical burning test (UL-94) rating of V0 was observed at a ratios of 4:1, 3:2 and 1:1. The synergistic interaction between EG and HH was also deduced at low percentage of EG (10%) by the help of the mass loss calorimeter test results. Mechanical test observations revealed that the inclusion of HH reduced the tensile strength and elongation at break values and increased the elastic modulus and glass transition temperature of pristine TPU. The addition of EG was further improved the elastic modulus of composites as the loaded amount of EG increased.