Mechanical Properties Of Composite Films Research Articles

Chitosan-based packaging films with antibacterial-sterilization integrated continuous activity for extending the shelf life of perishable foods

The current food packaging films can be preservative but lack the function of combining antibacterial and sterilization which lead to films can not maximize prolong shelf life of perishable foods. This study provided a new strategy to realize prolonging shelf life of perishable foods by integrating antibacterial and sterilization which focused on applying photodynamic inactivation to films with continuous activity, where curcumin (CUR) and sodium copper chlorophyll (SCC) were loaded into chitosan (CS) films. Compared to pure CS films, the barrier capacity (oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability) and mechanical properties of composite films were improved by introducing CUR and SCC. In addition, the composite film can effectively against food-borne pathogenic bacteria and significantly prolong the shelf life of cherries and pork. The provided strategy has potential application prospects in food preservation packaging.

Influence of Crosslinking Concentration on the Properties of Biodegradable Modified Cassava Starch-Based Films for Packaging Applications.

Chitosan/modified cassava starch/curcumin (CS/S/Cur) films with a crosslinker were developed via the solvent casting technique for the application of food packaging. The effects of citric acid (CA) as a natural crosslinker were assessed at different concentrations (0-10.0%, w/w, on a dry base on CS and S content). To measure the most favorable film, chemical structure and physical, mechanical, and thermal properties were investigated. Successful crosslinking between CS and S was seen clearly in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. The properties of the water resistance of the CS/S/Cur films crosslinked with CA were enhanced when compared to those without CA. Furthermore, it was found that the addition of CA crosslinking would improve the mechanical properties of composite films to some extent. It had been reported that the CA crosslinking level of 7.5 wt% of CS/S/Cur film demonstrated high performance in terms of physical properties. The tensile strength of the crosslinked film increased from 8 ± 1 MPa to 12 ± 1 MPa with the increasing content of CA, while water vapor permeability (WVP), swelling degree (SD), and water solubility (WS) decreased. An effective antioxidant scavenging activity of the CS/S/Cur film decreased with an increase in CA concentrations. This study provides an effective pathway for the development of active films based on polysaccharide-based film for food packaging applications.

Self-Charging Power System Empowered by Bismuth Halide Perovskite-Based Hybrid Nanogenerator and Lithium-ion Battery.

Halide perovskite, renowned for its multifunctional properties, shows considerable promise for realizing self-charging power systems. In this study, a lead-free methylammonium bismuth iodide (MA3Bi2I9) perovskite is used to create a self-charging power unit (SPU). This involves constructing a hybrid piezoelectric-triboelectric nanogenerator (Hybrid-TENG) and utilizing MA3Bi2I9 for energy storage as an anode in a lithium-ion battery (LIB). Initially, MA3Bi2I9 nanorods are synthesized and composited with a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene polymer. The dielectric and mechanical properties of composite films having perovskite loading content are investigated. The optimized Hybrid-TENG exhibits superior performance, generating a voltage of 537V, current density of 13.2µAcm- 2, and maximum power density of 3.04mWcm-2, which can be attributed to the high piezoelectric coefficient of MA3Bi2I9 nanorods (≈20.6pmV-1). A MA3Bi2I9 thin film, serving as an electrode in LIB, demonstrates a high specific capacity of 2378.9mAhcm-3 (578.8mAhg-1) with a capacity retention of ≈87.5% over 100 cycles, underscoring its stable performance. Furthermore, a Hybrid-TENG is employed to charge the MA3Bi2I9-based LIB, thus realizing an SPU for driving portable electronics. This study highlights the promising potential of perovskites for developing efficient nanogenerators and LIBs, paving the way for sustainable energy solutions in small-scale electronics.

Morphological and mechanical properties of chitosan/cellulose nanofibrils/aspirin polymer nanocomposite films

This study examined the mechanical properties of composite films composed of chitosan, cellulose nanofibrils, and aspirin. This biomaterial has promising characteristics and holds potential for various applications. The composite material, which was synthesised using precise fabrication techniques, consists of chitosan as a biocompatible substrate, cellulose nanofibrils for enhancing structural integrity, and aspirin for additional therapeutic benefits. The composite material exhibited increased tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break. The experimental results demonstrate that the tensile strength and tensile modulus exhibit an upward trend as the loading of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) increases. This observation suggests a synergistic improvement in mechanical robustness, which can be attributed to the combined effects of chitosan and CNFs. A reduction in elongation at break was seen as the loading of CNFs increased. The adaptability of the material is further emphasised by its tensile modulus and elongation at break. This study presents opportunities for the development of sustainable packaging materials, as the biodegradable properties of chitosan and cellulose are in line with current environmental priorities. The composite films composed of chitosan, cellulose nanofibrils, and aspirin demonstrate a notable combination of mechanical robustness and therapeutic properties. This research establishes the foundation for future attempts in biomaterial design by introducing a versatile composite that has the potential to significantly influence various sectors, including materials science and healthcare.

Fabrication of Glycine-Chitosan/TiO2 film for metanil yellow removal from water

This study focused on the modification of chitosan with glycine and TiO2 to improve its performance for adsorption application. It is the first study to use a combination of chitosan, glycine, and TiO2 in the preparation of composite films. The obtained chitosan-glycine/TiO2 composite films were extensively characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR, SEM, XRD, DSC, and tensile tests to study the functional groups, morphology, structure, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of composite films, respectively. FT-IR analysis confirmed the successful formation of the chitosan-glycine/TiO2 film, where chemical interaction occurred between the carboxyl groups of glycine and NH2 of chitosan through a condensation process and physical interaction occurred between chitosan-glycine and TiO2. SEM images revealed that the surface of chitosan-glycine/TiO2 composite films exhibited a rougher texture compared to the unmodified chitosan, indicating structural changes due to the addition of glycine and TiO2. XRD analysis indicated alterations in the crystallinity properties of chitosan upon the incorporation of glycine and TiO2. The DSC results demonstrated that the presence of glycine and TiO2 influences the thermal stability of chitosan. The tensile test revealed the improvement of tensile strength in the chitosan-glycine/TiO2 film, related to the existence of glycine and TiO2. The adsorption process of metanil yellow by the chitosan-glycine/TiO2 film was in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm model. In conclusion, the modification of chitosan with glycine and TiO2 resulted in the development of a promising adsorbent material with improved thermal stability, enhanced tensile strength, and a higher adsorption capacity for metanil yellow. These findings contribute to the potential application of chitosan-glycine/TiO2 films in various adsorption processes.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Magnetron Sputtering TiN-Ni Nanocrystalline Composite Films

In this paper, TiN-Ni nanostructured composite films with different Ni contents are prepared using the magnetron sputtering method. The composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of composite films are analyzed using an X-ray energy spectrometer (EDS), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction technology (XRD), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and nanoindentation. All the films grow in a columnar crystal structure. There are only TiN diffraction peaks in the XRD spectrum, and no diffraction peaks of Ni and its compounds are observed. The addition of the Ni element disrupts the integrity of TiN lattice growth, resulting in a decrease in the grain size from 60 nm in TiN to 25 nm at 20.6% Ni. The film with a Ni content of 12.4 at.% forms a nanocomposite structure in which the nanocrystalline TiN phase (nc-TiN) is surrounded by the amorphous Ni (a-Ni) phase. The formation of nc-TiN/a-Ni nanocomposite structures relies on the good wettability of Ni on TiN ceramics. The hardness and elastic modulus of the film gradually decrease with the increase in Ni content, but the toughness is improved. The hardness and elastic modulus decrease from 19.9 GPa and 239.5 GPa for TiN film to 15.4 GPa and 223 GPa at 20.6 at.% Ni film, respectively, while the fracture toughness increases from 1.5 MPa·m1/2 to 2.0 MPa·m1/2. The soft and ductile Ni phase enriched at the TiN grain boundaries hinders the propagation of cracks in the TiN phase, resulting in a significant increase in the film’s toughness. The research results of this paper provide support for the design of TiN-Ni films with high strength and toughness and the understanding of the formation mechanism of nanocomposite structures.

Metal ion and hydrogen bonding synergistically mediated carboxylated lignin/cellulose nanofibrils composite film

In order to alleviate the resource and environmental problems caused by plastic film materials, the development of biodegradable cellulose-based films is crucial. Inspired by the strengthening mechanism of cellulose-lignin network from wood, carboxylated lignin (CL) was isolated using maleic acid (MA) pretreatment catalyzed by metal chlorides. Compared with pure MA, the presence of metal ions yielded CL with high carboxyl content (0.34 mmol/g), small size and good dispersibility. CL was then composited with CNF to prepare various CL/cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) composite films. When the addition of ferric chloride was 0.3 mmol/g maleic acid, the corresponding composite films exhibited highest tensile strength (180.0 MPa), Young's modulus (13.0 GPa) and excellent ultraviolet blocking rate (97.0 %). Meanwhile, the interaction forces measured by atomic force microscope showed that the binding between CNF and various CLs (276–406 nN) was higher than that between pure CNFs (202 nN), verifying that CL enhanced the mechanical properties of composite films. In summary, this work constructs a super-strong network between CL and CNF synergistically mediated by metal ion crosslinking and hydrogen bonding, which can be a promising alternative to replace conventional plastics in multiple areas.

Structural, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties of composite films developed from the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)-sourced high molecular weight chitosan and potato starch

Films were fabricated using the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) sourced high molecular weight chitosan with or without potato starch using the casting method. Glycerol was used as the plasticizer. Chitosan content in the film-forming solution (FFS) was varied (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0% w/v of FFS) while potato starch (1.0% of FFS) and glycerol (25% of the total solid content in the solution) contents were not varied. The control sample contained only chitosan (1.0% of the FFS) and glycerol. The effect of increasing the content of chitosan on the rheological properties of FFS and the properties of the films were investigated. The FFS's shear viscosity and shear modulus (elastic and viscous components) increased with increasing chitosan content. Morphological examination revealed that the films exhibited a compact structure devoid of large pores and cracks. Surface roughness captured with an atomic force microscope was reduced (19-6 nm) with increasing content of chitosan in the film. The films exhibited two hydrated crystalline phases at 9 and 20o. Light transmittance and glossiness of the films were enhanced with increasing chitosan content. FTIR analysis indicated the increasing availability of reactive sites with the increasing content of chitosan leading to an enhanced hydrogen bonds network and increased cohesion of the film structure. This may be the reason for improved mechanical properties and reduced water vapour permeability of the films with increasing chitosan content.

Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties while maintaining transparency of epoxy resin film by introducing shear-oriented cellulose nanocrystals

Alignment of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in the aqueous phase have been studied in depth. However, there are few reports on the orientation control of CNCs as rod-like nano fillers in epoxy resins. In this research, the rheological behavior of CNCs/epoxy resin system before curing indicating that CNCs in which can be oriented through shear-induced orientation. Based on this point, shear-oriented CNCs reinforced resin composite films were successfully prepared, mechanical properties, optical properties and thermal stability of which were systematically investigated. Firstly, mechanical properties of composite films can be significantly improved by introducing oriented CNCs at all CNC content. And the aspect ratio of oriented CNCs also has an obvious impact on their enhancement effect. Secondly, although their transmittance decreases with the increase of CNC content, it is possible to obtain composite films with a transmittance close to that of pure epoxy resin film by adjusting the preparation process of CNCs. Finally, the thermal stability of oriented CNCs reinforced epoxy resin composite films at low CNC content is improved, but then decreases with the increase of CNC content. The successful preparation of oriented CNCs reinforced epoxy resin composite films with better mechanical and thermal properties while maintaining transparency will be conducive to expanding the applications of epoxy resins reinforced with rod like micro/nano fillers.

A Novel Sodium Alginate-Carnauba Wax Film Containing Calcium Ascorbate: Structural Properties and Preservative Effect on Fresh-Cut Apples

In order to improve the mechanical properties, nutritional value and fresh-keeping ability of conventional sodium alginate edible composite membranes, a new type of edible composite film was prepared by adding water-blocking agent carnauba wax, plasticizer glycerin, antioxidant and nutritional enhancer sodium ascorbate on a basis of traditional sodium alginate composite film. In this study, the physical, mechanical and structural properties of different film components were investigated. The results showed the components did not simply combine, but produced interaction forces which improved the stability and mechanical properties of composite film. When the amount of calcium ascorbate was 0.4%, the water vapor transmittance of the composite film reached a minimum of 0.65 g·mm/(cm2·d·kPa), and the tensile strength and elongation at break reached the maximum, which were 398.64 MPa and 17.93%, respectively. Additionally, the sodium alginate-carnauba wax film exhibited better performance on the preservation of fresh-cut apples. Compared with other composite films, the color and hardness of fresh-cut apples coated with this composite film were better maintained, and the losses of titration acid content and soluble solid content were reduced. Moreover, the weight loss rate, increase in polyphenol oxidase activity and total colony count were inhibited. All results determined that the edible film has good application value in the field of fresh-cut fruit preservation, which provides a theoretical basis for further research on edible film.

Synthesis of starch-derived biopolymer reinforced Enset fiber green composite packaging films: Processes and properties optimization

The use and disposal of traditional fiber-reinforced polymer composites is an important environmental challenge as one of the factors contributing to worsening climate change. The primary objective of this research is to synthesize thermoplastic starch (TPS) from edible banana skins which can potentially be used as a matrix to produce bio-composite films. For the synthesis of TPS, the preparation of banana peels was performed followed by plasticization to obtain the banana peels TPS. For bio-composite film fabrication, the TPS was mixed with short false banana fibers (FBF) (10–30% by weight of the film) with an electronic blender to form a uniform dispersion of the fibers in the TPS. The FBF/TPS blend was applied uniformly on the surface of the rectangular metal mold. The autoclave method has been adopted for curing and molding the bio-composite film. Then, it was hot pressed varying the temperature and pressure from 131–141 OC to 3–6 MPa, respectively, to obtain the final cured film. The specimen was then solidified or hardened at ambient temperature. Finally, optimization of process parameters, fiber content, and their interaction effects on the tear strength, tensile strength, and bending modulus of the bio composite films were conducted using response surface methodology. The results indicate that both the effects of one factor and the interaction of factors have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of composite films. The optimum processing parameters for TPS production are a temperature of 50 OC and a drying time of 24 h. The optimal result indicates that, at 30% fiber loading, the optimum processing temperature and pressure are 135.14°C and 4.33 MPa, respectively, resulting in a composite film with good mechanical properties.

Development and characterization of chitosan/guar gum active packaging containing walnut green husk extract and its application on fresh-cut apple preservation

The aim of this work was to develop active packaging film by using chitosan/guar gum (CG) film matrix and walnut green husk extract (WE), for preservation of fresh-cut apple. WE was used as cross-linking agent to improve physicochemical properties, and as active substances to enhance antioxidant activity of CG films. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy results showed WE formed intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions with the film matrix, and microstructures of the film were more compact. With the increase of WE content (0–4 wt%), the mechanical properties of composite films were significantly enhanced, while permeability of water vapor and oxygen was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). When the amount of extract reached 4 wt%, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of composite film was significantly increased to 94.59%. CG-WE and CG films were used as active packaging materials to preserve fresh-cut apple. When stored at 4 °C for 10 days, CG-WE films showed better performance in reducing firmness, weight loss, total soluble solids and inhibiting browning and microbial growth of fresh-cut apples. Therefore, as a new type of active food packaging material, CG-WE films have good physical properties, and great potential in ensuring food quality and extending shelf life.

Fluorescence-color-changing biomimetic tough films with simultaneous shape-deformation triggered by pH

Stimuli-responsive materials with complex practical functions that could imitate certain behaviors of living organisms have wide potential applications in frontier fields. However, the fabrication of stimuli-responsive films with simultaneous change in fluorescence color and shape in response to a single stimulus, especially by a simple fabrication strategy, remains a challenge. Herein, a simple hydrogel-film-post crosslinking strategy is proposed to prepare films that exhibit fluorescence change accompanying with shape deformation under pH stimulus. The synchronous changes are realized by the combination of dynamic boron chemistry and pH-sensitive lanthanide complexes. Under different pH conditions, the protonation/deprotonation of the ligands coordinated to Eu3+ ions could generate switchable on/off fluorescence behavior, while the association/dissociation of borate ester bonds between 3-aminobenzeneboronic acid (SA-PBA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) could lead to macroscopic deformation. The existence of borate ester bonds is beneficial to the mechanical properties of composite films. Under pH stimulus, the film-based artificial flower could simulate the flowering of natural flowers accompanying with color changes and the film-based gripper could grasp object with a visual signal, which demonstrates that the SA-PBA/PVA/EuL films have great potential for wide application.

Study on preparation and properties of edible carrageenan-garlic extract composite film

In order to prepare edible cling film with anti-oxidation and anti-bacteria properties, in this study, a new functional food packaging film was prepared using carrageenan (CA) and garlic extract (GE) as raw materials, then based on identification of morphological and structural characteristics, anti-oxidation analysis and anti-bacteria analysis methods were used to study the optical properties and physical and chemical characteristics of the film materials. Results indicate that the addition of garlic extract has affected the micro-structure and mechanical properties of composite film, where the DPPH free radical scavenging rate significantly increases with the increase of extract concentration. In addition, the film with the mass concentration of 3% has a better anti-oxidation effect and the diameter of inhibition zone increases with the increase of extract concentration. In short, the addition of garlic extract improves the biological activity of carrageenan film, having provided a theoretical basis for the production of garlic extract-carrageenan composite film.

Boron Nitride Reinforced Flexible Poly(L-lactide)-b-polyethylene glycol-b-poly(L-lactide) Bioplastic: Evaluation of Thermal, Morphological and Mechanical Properties

Poly(L-lactide)-b-polyethylene glycol-b-poly(L-lactide) triblock copolymer (PLLA-PEG-PLLA)/exfoliated boron nitride (BN) composite films with different boron nitride contents (1, 2, 4 and 6 wt.%) were prepared by a solution-suspension casting method. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractrometry (XRD) and tensile testing were carried out to characterize the thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of composite films. The DSC and XRD analyses showed the increasing crystallinity-content of composite films was obtained and their thermal stability as assessed by thermogravimetric analysis was improved when the boron nitride content was increased until 2 wt.%. Aggregation of boron nitride particles in composite films occurred when the boron nitride contents were higher than 2 wt.% as observed from SEM. The tensile stress of PLLA-PEG-PLLA film (25.0 MPa) increased up to 31.6 MPa while strain at break decreased from 76% to 64% when the 2 wt.% boron nitride was blended. Thus, PLLA-PEG-PLLA/BN composite films have potential to be used as flexible bioplastics.

High-Performanced Hemicellulose Based Organic-Inorganic Films with Polyethyleneimine.

For the high-value utilization of hemicellulose-based composite films, the poor film-forming and mechanical properties of hemicellulose-based composite films must be surmounted crucially. Based on this, hemicellulose-based organic-inorganic composite films with good mechanical properties were prepared from quaternized hemicelluloses (QH), bentonite, and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The QH/PEI/bentonite composite films were prepared by vacuum filtration, and the properties of the composite film were investigated. The results showed that the QH was inserted into bentonite nanosheets through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. PEI was cross-linked with hemicellulose by hydroxyl groups, electrostatically attracted by the bentonite flake layers. The mechanical properties of the composite films were significantly increased by the incorporation of PEI. When the PEI content was 20%, the tensile stress of the composite film was increased by 155.18%, and the maximum tensile stress was reached 80.52 MPa. The composite films had strong UV absorption ability with the transmittance was almost 0 in the UV region from 200 to 300 nm. The thermal property of composite film was also improved, and the residual mass increased by three times compared to QH. These results provide a theoretical basis for the use of hemicellulose-based composite films in packaging applications.

Boosting Performance of Self-Polarized Fully Printed Piezoelectric Nanogenerators via Modulated Strength of Hydrogen Bonding Interactions.

Self-polarized piezoelectric devices have attracted significant interest owing to their fabrication processes with low energy consumption. Herein, novel poling-free piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) based on self-polarized polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) induced by the incorporation of different surface-modified barium titanate nanoparticles (BTO NPs) were prepared via a fully printing process. To reveal the effect of intermolecular interactions between PVDF and NP surface groups, BTO NPs were modified with hydrophilic polydopamine (PDA) and hydrophobic 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES) to yield PDA-BTO and PFD-BTO, respectively. This study demonstrates that the stronger hydrogen bonding interactions existed in PFD-BTO/PVDF composite film comparative to the PDA-BTO/PVDF composite film induced the higher β-phase formation (90%), which was evidenced by the XRD, FTIR and DSC results, as well as led to a better dispersion of NPs and improved mechanical properties of composite films. Consequently, PFD-BTO/PVDF-based PENGs without electric poling exhibited a significantly improved output voltage of 5.9 V and power density of 102 μW cm−3, which was 1.8 and 2.9 times higher than that of PDA-BTO/PVDF-based PENGs, respectively. This study provides a promising approach for advancing the search for high-performance, self-polarized PENGs in next-generation electric and electronic industries.

The effect of nanocellulose on mechanical and physical properties of chitosan-based biocomposites

The effect of two types of nanocellulose on the mechanical properties of chitosan (CH) film was examined in terms of elongation, tensile strength, and dynamic-mechanical properties such as tan δ and storage modulus. Chitosan films were reinforced by cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) with different ratios. CH/CNC and CH/CNF nanocomposite films containing 0–7 wt.% nanofibers were produced by solution casting. A comparison between CNC and CNF was made based on their nanostructures and interfacial bonding with the CH matrix. For both CNC and CNF, reinforcing effects in nanocomposite polymer films were presented. The results demonstrated that nanocomposite films can increase mechanical properties; 7 wt.% CNF and CNC had the most increasing effect on the mechanical properties, raising the tensile strength of the chitosan film by 104% and 52%, respectively. Moreover, the values of CH/CNC and CH/CNF films showed higher storage modulus compared to the pure chitosan film. CNF shows higher modulus and strength compared with CNC at the same amount of fiber because of CNFs’ percolation networks and their larger aspect ratio. Morphological studies revealed the dispersion of CNC and CNF is in the contiguous matrix of chitosan with a homogeneous distribution without agglomeration. The results also illustrated that CNC and CNF can improve the water resistance of chitosan films. The mechanical properties of composite films were acceptable to use as artificial skin and wound dressings.

Development and characterization of chitosan films carrying Artemisia campestris antioxidants for potential use as active food packaging materials

Active food packaging films based on chitosan and enriched with Artemisia campestris hydroalcoholic extract (ACHE), aqueous extract (ACAE) and essential oil (ACEO) were developed. The effects of incorporating A. campestris were investigated on the physical, mechanical, thermal and antioxidant characteristics of the films. The structural properties of the films were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that adding ACHE and ACEO improved the water resistance of chitosan films. The FTIR spectroscopy analysis revealed covalent interaction and hydrogen bonding between chitosan and ACHE. The XRD and SEM analyses indicated that interactions occurred between the film matrix and A. campestris active compounds, which could be reflected by the physical and mechanical properties of composite films. Incorporating ACHE and ACAE in the chitosan matrix decreased the tensile strength. The film extensibility was reduced when ACHE and ACEO were added. All films exhibited great thermal stability as the degradation occurred above 300 °C. The addition of A. campestris active compounds, particularly extracts, to chitosan films notably increased the antioxidant and UV–Vis barrier properties. Chitosan films enriched with the A. campestris antioxidant compounds could be applied as food packaging alternatives.

Incorporating MXene into Boron Nitride/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Films to Enhance Thermal and Mechanical Properties.

Aggregated boron nitride (ABN) is advantageous for increasing the packing and thermal conductivity of the matrix in composite materials, but can deteriorate the mechanical properties by breaking during processing. In addition, there are few studies on the use of Ti3C2 MXene as thermally conductive fillers. Herein, the development of a novel composite film is described. It incorporates MXene and ABN into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to achieve a high thermal conductivity. Polysilazane (PSZ)-coated ABN formed a heat conduction path in the composite film, and MXene supported it to further improve the thermal conductivity. The prepared polymer composite film is shown to provide through-plane and in-plane thermal conductivities of 1.51 and 4.28 W/mK at total filler contents of 44 wt.%. The composite film is also shown to exhibit a tensile strength of 11.96 MPa, which is much greater than that without MXene. Thus, it demonstrates that incorporating MXene as a thermally conductive filler can enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of composite films.