Mechanical Cleaning Methods Research Articles

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CINNAMON BARK EXTRACT PASTE (Cinnamomum burmanii) IN ELIMINATING Candida albicans IN THERMOPLASTIC NYLON

Background: One type of denture base that is widely used is thermoplastic nylon. Thermoplastic nylon not cleaned regularly will cause food residue to stick and give rise to fungi such as Candida albicans. Mechanical cleaning methods are more effective at removing microbes. However, regular toothpaste contains abrasive ingredients that can scratch dentures. Extracts from cinnamon bark can be used because they contain ingredients that can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans colonies. Purpose: To analyze the antifungal activity of using cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanii) extract paste to eliminate Candida albicans on thermoplastic nylon. Methods: This research is purely experimental, using a pretest-posttest with a control group design. This study used 27 thermoplastic nylon plates measuring 65x10x3mm, which were divided into 3 groups, namely the cinnamon bark extract paste group with a concentration of 50%, Fresh 'n Brite paste as a positive control, distilled water as a negative control. Results: The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test show an effect based on treatment in each group. Conclusion: Fresh ‘n Brite denture paste as a positive control is more effective in eliminating Candida albicans on thermoplastic nylon than cinnamon bark extract paste with a concentration of 50% and distilled water as a negative control.

Efficiency of ultrasonic, sonic and mechanical complementary cleaning methods in the removal of filling material remaining of oval curved canals

The aim of this study was to compare efficacy in removing filling material remaining in oval and curved canals using different complementary cleaning methods. Material and methods: Sixty single[1]rooted tooth with oval shaped canal with curvature were prepared up to size 25 and .08 taper, filled and subsequently retreated. The teeth were then scanned in micro-CT and divided into 6 groups (n = 10) according to the complementary cleaning method: CUI with Irrisafe, CUI with NiTiSonic, PUI with Irrisafe, PUI with NiTiSonic, Eddy and XP-endo Finisher R. After, the teeth were newly scanned in micro-CT. The volume of the filling material remaining before and after the application of the complementary methods was calculated and then calculated the percentage of material removed total and in the apical region. Data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn and Wilcoxcon tests with a significance level of 5%. Results: No suplementary cleaning method completely removed the remaining of filling material, however, all significantly reduced the volume, both in the apical region and in the total root canal (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among the groups tested, regardless of the region analyzed (p>0.05). Conclusion: No method was effective in completely removing the remaining filling material. All complementary cleaning methods significantly reduce the volume of material, with no difference among them.

Ecological impact of mechanical cleaning method to curb black stain alterations on Paleolithic cave walls

Anthropization of Paleolithic karstic caves can cause an imbalance of cave microbiota and may trigger formation of wall alterations including black stains. In Lascaux Cave, a previous attempt to mechanically remove black stains was followed by reformation of the stain in months, suggesting that microbial recolonization had taken place. On this basis, we hypothesized that mechanical cleaning (a routine cleaning method for conservation of heritage sites) leaves a residual microbial community that can also serve as pioneer community, i.e. a community of early microbial residents that triggers subsequent microbial successions involved in the reformation of black stains. We monitored post-cleaning microbial recolonization over 19 months in the Apse of Lascaux Cave (France), after using two methods of mechanical cleaning (scalpel alone, or scalpel + sponge). Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding evidenced various taxa i.e. the bacteria Pseudomonas, Pedomicrobium and black-melanized fungi Ochroconis (=Scolecobasidium) during early recolonization of cleaned surfaces, and at later stages the establishment of several other taxa including the bacteria Luteimonas, Chitinophaga and the black fungus Exophiala. Surfaces at 19 months after cleaning were visually and microbiologically different from stained surfaces immediately after cleaned and from unstained surfaces, but also from non-cleaned stained surfaces, probably because of a particular microbial succession, distinct from the original succession during stain formation. Variations in relative abundance of Bacteroidota and Eurotiomycetes classes and Exophiala genus were higher when the sponge was used in addition to the scalpel. The bacteria Filomicrobium and the fungi Isaria and Cephalotrichum were identified on sponge-cleaned surfaces and on the sponge itself, pointing to a contaminant status due to the cleaning method. Overall, it suggests that post-cleaning pioneer communities may play an important role in orienting stain reformation in caves. Sponges routinely used by restorers to curb microbial stains may bring microbial contaminants, which questions current cleaning practices in show caves.

Су беттерін және кәсіпорындардың ағынды суларын биоремедиациялау мәселесі бойынша

The problem of environmental protection from pollution by oil, petroleum products and industrial wastewater, as well as their disposal, is becoming increasingly acute due to the limited possibilities, and sometimes environmental insecurity, of using mechanical, physical and chemical cleaning methods for these purposes. In this regard, the possibility of using microorganisms capable of growing and displaying active biochemical activity in an environment with a high content of oil, petroleum products and industrial waste capable of biodegradation of these substances for purification purposes is relevant. The article analyzes the existing modern technologies for cleaning water surfaces and wastewater of industrial enterprises from oil and petroleum products pollution. Indicates the urgent need for the introduction of modern cleaning technologies, as well as the improvement of existing technologies. The article proposes modern methods of biological purification of water surfaces, bioremediation is a set of measures for cleaning soils and waters using the metabolic potential of biological objects. The use of microorganisms, insects, plants, algae, fungi is considered one of the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective technologies for cleaning at this stage

Different Disinfection Protocols for Pulp Revitalization: An In Vitro Study

Objectives Pulp revitalization is a procedure indicated for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. This study aimed to investigate the microbial load reduction of four cleaning protocols for pulp revitalization: Prophylactic Brush for canal (MK Life), microbrush Aplik Extrafine (Angelus), n. 50 K file (Dentsply) and XP Endo Finisher (FKG). Materials and Methods Fifty single-rooted mandibular premolars were standardized in canal size and diameter. Contamination by E. faecalis was induced for 21 days in 50 specimens, where 48 were used for the experimental groups (n=12) and 2 were used as a negative control to validate the sterilization process before contamination. Irrigation with saline solution at 36.5°C was performed, where the mechanical resource for cleaning was varied (n=12). Colony counting (CFU) was performed before (S1) and after (S2) the cleaning procedure. Kruskal Wallis accounted for and analyzed the differences between S2 and S1. Results & Discussion Prophylactic Brush for the canal reduced 99.27% of the microbial load, followed by XP Endo Finisher (99.13%), Aplik microbrush (98.71%) and K file (98.66%). (p=0.3616). There was no statistical difference in the reduction of microbial load between the groups tested. Conclusion The mechanical cleaning methods tested alone were effective in substantially reducing the microbial load of E. faecalis on lower premolars by simulating open apex teeth and showed that bristle instruments such as Prophylactic Brush for Canal and microbrush Aplik Extrafine could be used to accomplish mechanical debridement of large canals.

EFFECTS OF SOAKING PROCESS AND ROTATING METHOD ON EDIBLE BIRD NEST CLEANING TIME AND CLEANLINESS

The paper examines the effects of rotation and soaking processes on the cleaning time and cleanliness of edible bird nests (EBN). During breeding season, swift’s species known as Aerodramus secrete salivary glands to build a nest that humans harvest. To be sold, the harvested EBN must be cleaned. The raw EBN cleaning process consists of four operations: soaking, cleaning, reshaping, and drying. Generally, harvested EBN is cleaned manually using tweezers. However, this procedure is time-consuming, as cleaning one EBN take about an hour. Therefore, several mechanical cleaning methods were required to clean raw EBN to improve cleaning time and cleanliness. This research aims to improve the two mechanical cleaning methods, rotating and soaking. The Taguchi Method is used to design and optimize the overall parameter setup. The selected optimized parameter set will be tested to determine the best parameter sets. For the current study, EBN wetting process has time settings of 12, 18, and 24 hours. The rotating method's time settings were 30, 45, and 60 seconds. The soaking time can be set to 2, 4, or 6 minutes. Each of these parameters is thoroughly tested to determine the best-optimized one. The experiment is then carried out by combining the two parameters chosen in a sequence to determine the cleanliness of the raw EBN. According to the experiments' results, the cleaning sequence contributes 63.75 percent cleanliness at a cleaning time of 5 minutes, which includes a soaking time of 4 minutes and a rotating method of 60 seconds.

Effect of Cleaning Methods on Trash Contents and Fibre Quality for Seed Cotton

The present study was carried out at Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India during May to December, 2017 to evaluate the effect of mechanical cleaning methods on mechanically harvested cotton. The treatments consisted of three cotton cleaning methods viz. Boll Crusher cum Seed-Cotton Extractor, Pre-cleaner and On-board cleaner (field cleaner). The comparative performance of these methods was evaluated in terms of cotton fibre quality parameters viz. span length, uniformity ratio, elongation (%), micronaire (%), fibre strength (g tex-1) and reflectance of cotton lint etc. The minimum trash content (seed cotton basis) was observed for boll crusher+pre-cleaner (5.17%) and maximum for on-board cleaner (21.4 %). The 2.5% span length for the manual was observed maximum (26.04 mm) and the minimum for boll crusher+pre-cleaner (23.83 mm). The uniformity ratio observed was minimum for manual (45.99) and maximum for boll crusher+pre-cleaner (47.29). The micronaire for the manual was observed as a minimum (3.97%) and maximum for boll crusher+pre-cleaner (3.57%). The fibre strength for manual (20.50 g tex-1) was maximum whereas it was minimum for boll crusher+pre-cleaner (19.36 g tex-1). The reflectance for manual (0.87) was observed as minimum and maximum for boll crusher+pre-cleaner (0.81). Based upon the fiber quality parameters of harvested cotton cleaned by boll crusher machine was of superior quality but it was inferior in quality for the boll crusher+pre-cleaner machine.

Effect of surface cleaning on seam quality of laser beam welded mixed joints

In this study, different surface cleaning methods were used to remove greases and oils from the surface of the E235 steel tube component of the diamond segmented drill bit before laser beam welding. The mechanical, chemical and electromechanical cleaning methods were selected because they are suitable for removing greases and oils adhering to the surface during tube production. The cleaned samples were successfully welded using the same heat inputs by laser welding. The effect of mechanical processes with sandblasting and dry-ice blasting, chemical processes with isopropyl alcohol, acetone and alkaline acidic liquid, electromechanical process with a laser beam on micro-computer tomography, break-out value and micro-hardness measurement examined. The cleanliness of the surfaces and strength of the laser-welded joint was inferred from the break-out value (BOV), as this is the principal qualification value in mass production. The results were compared to the untreated sample. According to the results obtained in this study, any defects in the seams were analyzed, and no cracks founded by computer tomography. According to a shade of grey diagram, all the pretreated samples had a higher absorption than the untreated sample. While the chemical methods had a significant effect (59–66 %), the mechanical and electromechanical methods had a positive effect (22–48 %) compared to the untreated sample. In addition, the break-out values showed that the mechanical methods had a significantly higher effect (19 %) than the other surface cleaning methods. This test showed different results from the micro-CT scan. The microhardness test showed no difference between the hardnesses of the cleaned and uncleaned samples and no difference in seam thicknesses. The optimal oil removal process discusses in the conclusion part.

Comparison of the Effect of Different Mechanical Cleaning Methods on Implant Abutment Surfaces: An In-Vitro Study

Comparison of the Effect of Different Mechanical Cleaning Methods on Implant Abutment Surfaces: An In-Vitro Study

Oral Microbiome in Orthodontic Acrylic Retainer.

The oral microbiome can be shifted if the patients wear the acrylic retainers for a lengthy period. It is essential to understand the components of the plaque in order to forestall the development of dental caries and gingivitis. The aim of this study is to report the bacterial communities that adhere to the acrylic retainers by full-length nanopore 16S sequencing. Six healthy participants were allocated into 2 groups (chemical tablet and brushing groups). Plaque samples were collected from the acrylic retainer surfaces before and after cleaning. The bacterial communities were reported using full-length nanopore 16S sequencing. The results showed that 7 distinct phyla were identified by sequencing. The most prevalent of these was the Firmicutes. We found a total of 72 genera. The most common microorganism across all samples was Streptococcus, followed by Neisseria, Rothia, and Gemella. The beta diversity showed a significant difference between before and after cleaning (p < 0.05). This study revealed the novel finding that a combination of chemical and mechanical cleaning methods was the most effective method of eliminating retainer biofilms. Moreover, retainer cleaning tablets did not alter the homeostatic balance of the bacterial communities adhering to the acrylic retainers.

Selective Electrochemical Treatment of Naturally Aged Silver Alloy Artefacts

ABSTRACT Conservation interventions on silver tarnish and corrosion layers include mechanical, chemical, and electrolytic techniques. Electrolytic reduction is still disputed among metal conservators. The prevailing conviction with many is that mechanical cleaning methods are more likely to maintain control over the result than electrochemical methods. A survey on this subject undertaken in Germany and Austria suggested that this may be due to the traditional approaches of academic education. An electrolytic pencil was further developed and has been applied on naturally aged silver artefacts of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The influence of the electrochemical potential difference between artefact and counter electrode as well as of the tip diaphragm material was evaluated. A minimized material loss and a good controllability of conservation interventions on silver alloys were demonstrated.

Microscopic modifications produced by mechanical cleaning interventions on archaeological bone

Bone is a primary source of information in prehistoric contexts. In many cases, this type of material cannot be studied without prior cleaning, which is further conditioned by the state of preservation and deposits found on it. This experimental study applies a new method that can be used to evaluate the possible modifications that mechanical cleaning can cause on archaeological bone materials. These modifications have been objectively identified through the use of artificial crusts and statistical analyses. Microhardness testing also made it possible to consider how variability in the state of preservation of the archaeological material can influence cleaning. The study presents an initial classification of the modifications and an evaluation of the effectiveness of mechanical cleaning methods. Our conclusions advise caution in the use of these cleaning methods and support the need for further research to better evaluate cleaning processes and the modifications they can induce in archaeological bone material.

Challenges in laser cleaning of cultural heritage stained glass

Abstract Stained-glass windows play an important role in cultural heritage. Human and environmental factors have subjected these pieces to risks of damage. Mechanical and chemical-based cleaning methods have been used for their restoration and conservation. Additionally, short-pulse lasers have opened new opportunities for safe and controlled cleaning and restoration of these important materials. In this work, ultra-short pulsed lasers were used to clean an artificially applied coating from the surface of a contemporary colorless glass frequently used in the restoration of stained-glass windows. One of the objectives was to explore the applicability of using these types of lasers to safely clean historical stained-glass windows. It was observed that temperature rise and subsequent heat accumulation in the coating layer being removed was sufficient to generate significant thermal stresses on the underlying glass surface leading to damages even when the laser energies are lower than the damage thresholds. Some laser treatments that limit this heat accumulation were designed in this study. For laser systems operating at frequencies in the range of several hundreds of kHz, the option was to work in burst mode, limiting the number of pulses in each burst and selecting an adequate time lapse between two consecutive burst runs. A method to uniformly clean a given surface is proposed in this work. When lower frequencies are available, treatments using frequencies lower than 20 kHz are enough to safely clean the glass. When UV laser radiation is used, optical damage is also an important aspect to be considered. In this case, the cleaning protocol has to deal with both issues, to avoid heat accumulation and chemical damage.

RECOVERY OF WASTE OINTMENTS BY ULTRAFILTRATION METHOD

Ultrafiltration devices are currently being developed and manufactured around the world, and productivity varies greatly from 1 to 300,000 m/day. In practice, ultrafiltration parameters are used and performed in batch, semi-periodic and continuous modes. Continuous and semi-periodic modes are mainly used for large volumes of liquids. In the case of a small volume, the batch mode prefers the continuous mode - the area of the membrane is smaller and it is easier to clean. The deposition of spent grease is based on the fact that mechanical impurities and water are in a suspended state and settle over time. When selecting the process of restoring the quality of the lubricant to the required level, first use a mechanical cleaning method to remove free water and hard dirt. In practice, rough cleaning of the lubricant is carried out using filter elements made of metal mesh with a filtration fineness of 60 ... 80 μm. A complex filter element made of non-woven materials is used for fine cleaning. Type of oil filter "FMN" (cleaning accuracy 15 ... 20 microns). However, these filters cannot provide a degree of purification of the spent lubricant, as the latter contains a large amount of carbon contaminants, preferably with a particle size of less than 5 μm. In the process of ultrafiltration of oil, the initial stream is separated and concentrated. Varnish, resin and other small contaminants are retained by the superporous layer on the surface and are continuously washed away by a tangential flow of purified oil. Only cleaned grease can pass through the membrane. This allows for a long filtration process without replacing the membrane filter element. The ultrafiltration process is performed at a pressure of 0.3-1 MPa and a flow rate of 2-5 m/s, using membranes with a size of 0.1-0.005 μm.

Laser-assisted removal of weld heat tints from stainless steel surface

The heat generated during the welding of stainless steel results in the oxidation of the surface that, apart from aesthetics, adversely affects its corrosion property too. This communication reports the successful removal of heat tint generated by the gas tungsten arc welding process off a stainless steel surface in addition to an improvement in its pitting corrosion resistance by exposure to the emission of a nanosecond pulsed fiber laser. The laser cleaning experiments, conducted with six different laser pulses having different temporal shapes and duration that varied from 20 to 1020 ns, revealed that removal of the weld heat tint was possible in all conditions provided the effective laser fluence exceeded a definite threshold value. This threshold value, in turn, was found to increase with an increase in pulse duration. The laser cleaned specimens were subsequently analyzed for surface morphology, roughness, and pitting corrosion resistance. The pitting corrosion resistance of the laser-treated specimens was compared with the as-welded specimens and welded specimens with heat tint removed using conventional methods like wire brush cleaning and chemical pickling. The superior quality of tint removal, improved pitting corrosion resistance, and the ease of noncontact operation indicates the significant potential of the fiber laser-based weld tint removal method to substitute the conventional mechanical or chemical cleaning methods currently in use in the manufacturing industry.

Status of decontamination methods after using dentin adhesion inhibitors on indirect restorations: An integrative review of 19 publications.

The purpose of this review was to assess the literature regarding the decontamination of resin cement before the luting procedure in order to provide clinicians with a comparative overview of decontamination effects. A total of 19 articles were selected for inclusion in this review. The results indicated that bonding effectiveness is reduced due to residual adhesion inhibitors such as saliva, blood, hemostatic agents, and temporary/provisional cement. Self-etching and self-adhesive systems tend to be more negatively affected by adhesion inhibitors than do etch and rinse systems. Cleaning with an ultrasonic scaler or rotating brush have demonstrated conflicting effects in several studies. Some studies have reported that phosphoric acid has negative effects and recommend mild acid for decontamination. The application of phosphoric acid followed by sodium hypochlorite has been shown to help avoid negative effects. Alumina blasting has been investigated as a mechanical cleaning method in a relatively large number of experiments, most of which have confirmed its effectiveness. An intraoral cleaner containing functional monomers that has become commercially available in recent years is a promising method in clinical practice because it can easily and effectively remove temporary adhesive material. In addition, adhesion inhibitors can be easily removed from resin-coated dentin surfaces.

Review on dust deposition and cleaning methods for solar PV modules

Dust accumulation significantly affects the solar PV(Photovoltaic) performance, resulting in a considerable decrease in output power, which can be reduced by 40% with the dust of 4 g/m2. Understanding the dust deposition characteristics of PV modules can provide theoretical support for selecting dust cleaning methods and formulating cleaning strategies. This paper introduced the factors affecting dust accumulation and presented the research status of dust deposition mechanisms. Moreover, the dust cleaning methods were discussed and compared. In future research, a comprehensive particle deposition model including surface energy and other factors could be established to explore the dust accumulation mechanism. Additionally, investigating the particle deposition condition to determine the deposition of particles is beneficial to understanding the dust accumulation characteristics and predicting the dust accumulation amount. Compared with mechanical cleaning methods, the cleaning effect of electrostatic (cleaning efficiency can reach 90%), coating, and acoustic wave methods is superior. If the three methods can be combined, using an electrostatic or coating method to remove small particles and acoustic waves to remove large particles is a promising approach.

PONTOON SETTLEMENTS AS A MEANS OF RESTORING THE ECOLOGICAL BALANCE OF RESERVOIRS

The article considers the influence of pontoon settlements on the ecology of reservoirs of Ukraine. The main types of pollution and methods of reservoir cleaning due to the creation of pontoon settlements are outlined.&#x0D; There are 1157 reservoirs located within Ukraine. The issue of efficient and rational use of reservoirs in Ukraine is becoming increasingly important. The establishment of settlements on the water could help solve the environmental problems present in reservoirs.&#x0D; Reservoir pollution can be divided into chemical, bacterial, thermal and radioactive.&#x0D; Chemical pollution is the ingress of various chemicals, waste from various industries into the water: petrochemical, pulp and paper, as well as municipal wastewater, waste from livestock farms. Biological pollution is getting into reservoirs together with sewage of various pathogenic microorganisms, spores of fungi, worms. Thermal pollution occurs due to the discharge of heated water from thermal power plants, nuclear power plants and other energy facilities. Radioactive contamination is associated with an increase in the content of radioactive substances in water.&#x0D; When designing pontoon settlements in the water area of reservoirs, it is necessary to provide mechanical cleaning methods. Mechanical cleaning is the cleaning of the bottom of the reservoir from large objects of various origins, as well as the removal of large accumulations of benthic and floating species of aquatic plants. The basis of the biological method of purification is the saturation of the reservoir with microorganisms (bacteria). Another very effective way is to stock the ponds with herbivorous species. Such fish species as silver carp, carp, grass carp, pike, pike perch are biological reclamation of reservoirs. The basis of the chemical method of purification is the addition of special reagents of varying composition to the reservoir. The main way to reduce thermal pollution is the gradual abandonment of fossil fuels and the transition to renewable energy using solar energy sources: light, wind and water resources.&#x0D; To ensure all methods of cleaning reservoirs, it is necessary to create specialized floating platforms (pontoons) when designing pontoon settlements. On them it is possible to place bases for service of technical fleet (special equipment), various technological equipment; platforms for placement of chemical reagents; fish farming platforms for biological treatment; sorting, temporary storage and processing of garbage, etc. Platforms must be modular, mobile, easy to transport, have mechanical strength and high load capacity. They can also be stationary and mobile, self-propelled and non-self-propelled depending on the functional load and floor-plate of the pontoon settlement.&#x0D; Pontoon settlements that are developed according to all the respective laws, norms and rules can be considered effective means of combating pollution of reservoirs and help restore their environmental resources.

The impact of surface alteration on epithelial tissue attachment after the mechanical cleaning of titanium or zirconia surface.

Mechanical plaque removal may alter the surface morphology of the gingival penetration part of the implant. We applied an air-powered abrasive system (AP), titanium curette (TC), stainless curette (SC), ultrasound scaler (US), and titanium brush (TB) which are commonly used to remove plaque, to titanium or zirconia and the changes in surface morphology and the epithelial attach against substrata. (a) The morphological changes of titanium and zirconia after mechanical cleaning were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and a roughness analyser. (b) Oral epithelial cells of rats were inoculated on the surface of the materials after mechanical cleaning, and the adherence of epithelial cells was observed. (c) The maxillary first molars were extracted from the rats and replaced by experimental titanium or zirconia implants. The length of the immunoreactive laminin-332 band was observed at the implant-peri-implant epithelium interface. (a) The surface roughness increased in experimental groups except the AP group. (b) Among the experimental groups, the AP group showed the highest number of attached cells. (c) The length of the immunoreactive laminin-332 band was longer in the control group than those in all five experimental groups. Among the experimental groups, the AP group showed the longest band. All mechanical cleaning methods increased the surface roughness of the materials except AP. AP did not cause distinct implant surface alterations. Surface alteration caused by mechanical cleaning may evoke inferior for epithelial attachment and reduce resistance against foreign infiltration.

An innovative multi-component fluoropolymer-based coating on outdoor patinated bronze for Cultural Heritage: Durability and reversibility

Abstract The application of protective coatings for the conservation of outdoor metallic artworks is currently considered the best approach actively employed. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the protectiveness of an optimised fluorosilane (FA-MS) coating with low occupational hazard impact and high inhibition efficiency. FA-MS coating was applied on a typical historical as-cast bronze (Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb), artificially patinated by synthetic acid rain dropping, to simulate natural unsheltered patinas. Subsequently, the patinated bronze was coated by brushing and then artificially aged by synthetic rain dropping. In order to investigate the coating-patina system, a multi-analytical approach was applied including scanning electron microscopy coupled with elemental analysis (FEG-SEM with EDS), microstructural analysis of cross-sections produced by Focused Ion Beam milling (FIB) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The coating homogenously covered the whole patinated surface producing a transparent layer few μms thick. The weathering solutions were also analysed for the assessment of metallic cations release. FA-MS showed excellent protective performances for the patinated bronze exposed to simulated outdoor conditions. Very high values of inhibiting efficiency in terms of metal release in the weathering solutions (up to 99%) were measured. In order to investigate all the necessary requirements for application in conservation field, the durability of FA-MS was also tested on a real bronze artistic casting, in terms of limiting the alloy composition changes (measured by in situ XRF) over time. A good durability of the coating was observed during the ongoing field exposure test. Lastly, reversibility of FA-MS was investigated by applying different mechanical cleaning methods, such as brushing and blasting. The reversibility was assessed by the evaluation of the morphology (colour change, surface roughness and optical microscopy) and the composition (SEM-EDS and Py-GC-MS chromatography) of the cleaned surfaces. Cleaning by brushing proved to be an efficient method for removing this coating without significantly altering the bronze patina.