Meat Imports Research Articles

Urgency of Implementing Indonesian Halal Certification in International Trade (Case Study of Chicken Meat Imports from Brazil)

Discussions regarding the halal industry have been very prominent in recent years. Therefore, many issues related to the halal industry are written about and used as research objects. Halal products must have certain specifications so they can play in the halal market. These specifications require certain qualifications that are closely related to halal standards. This research aims to explain the urgency of implementing halal certification in Indonesia in international trade (case study of chicken meat imports from Brazil). The first research result is that as a global food organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has the idea of halal products. Nevertheless, FAO's main focus is currently limited to food products. FAO has not fully protected regulations relating to the guarantee of halal products for countries around the world. FAO provides ratification to each country regarding halal product regulatory policies. The only FAO requirement is that the exporting country must receive halal certification to demonstrate that the product is halal, although this can still be requested by the importing country. The second is that Indonesia has stipulated that although not all products in circulation must have halal certification, some must. Article 135 PP No. 39 of 2021 and Article 125 PP No. 39 of 2021.

A Study of Some Microbial and Chemical Contaminants in Packaged Mortadella Available in the Local Markets

Meat is one of the important sources of protein, as it is one of the basic nutrients that the body needs, and a lack of protein in the body can lead to malnutrition. Despite the importance of meat, it is also necessary to conduct studies to identify its contents of pollutants, whether microbial or chemical, to ensure safety In general, foodborne diseases are a major health problem facing not only the patient at risk, but also physicians, epidemiologists, food inspectors and laboratory microbiologists. The researchers studied the quality of imported beef mortadella rolls by collecting ten samples from local markets in The city of Baghdad and analyzed it microbiologically, and found that the levels of the total number of aerobic bacteria for samples of imported beef mortadella roll ranged between (1× 102-2.5× 106) CFU/g, while the level of the total number of coliform bacteria in the study samples was (1×101- 5× 104) CFU/g ,the levels of numbers of Staphylococcus spp. bacteria ranged from (1× 101 - 2.4× 103) CFU/g,some study samples varied in the total count of yeasts and molds (1× 102- 2.5× 103) CFU/g ,with significant differences P≤0.05, and all study samples were empty from Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O104:H4, the results of this study showed the presence of metals Lead, Pb, and Cadmium, Cd, in all tested samples, at varying concentrations. The highest concentration of Lead was 0.0624 mg/kg and the lowest was 0.0371 mg/kg with significant differences P≤0.05, while the lowest concentration of Cadmium was 0.0102 mg/kg and the highest concentration of the same element was 0.0189 mg/kg.

The importance of halal-labelled meat for Muslim consumers, producers and government in Brunei Darussalam: A preliminary results

The importance of halal-labelled meat for Muslim consumers, producers and government in Brunei Darussalam: A preliminary results

ESCHERICHIA COLI CONTAMINATION ON IMPORTED FROZEN Buffalo MEAT SOLD AT AIKMEL TRADITIONAL MARKET, AIKMEL DISTRICT, EAST LOMBOK DISTRICT, WEST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE

The demand for beef in Indonesia continues to increase. The government is striving to achieve self-sufficiency in beef production, but the high price of beef is driving imports of buffalo meat from India. Buffalo meat has high nutritional value, similar to beef. Since 2015, frozen buffalo meat imports from India have begun to enter Indonesia, particularly in West Nusa Tenggara, as an effort to meet market demand in the modern shopping areas in Mataram City, Lombok. The relatively cheap price of frozen buffalo meat has led to expanded marketing in East Lombok, especially in the traditional market of Aikmel, which is approximately 72 km away from Mataram. The aim of this research is to determine the extent of Escherichia coli contamination and the amount of Escherichia coli contamination per gram of buffalo meat sold in this traditional market. The research samples consist of frozen buffalo meat from India sourced from 10 Indian buffalo meat vendors in the Aikmel market, each weighing 100 grams. The isolation and identification method follows Jawetz et al. (2008), starting with isolation on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA), followed by identification with INMVIC (Indole, Methyl Red, Voges Proskauer, Citrate), reinforced by results from TSIA (Triple Sugar Iron Agar) and Urease tests. The research found that E. coli contamination exceeded the specified limit (SNI 7388:2009, 2009) in 9 out of 10 samples taken from 10 Indian buffalo meat vendors in the Aikmel market. The smallest and largest amounts of E. coli contamination in 90% of the contaminated samples were 80x101 and 7x103 colonies/gram, respectively. This condition is crucial for the government to pay attention to, in order to enhance education and supervision of the public regarding the procedures and regulations for the sale of frozen buffalo meat from India, in accordance with the marketing of animal origin products.

Feed Management of Beef Cattle Smallholder Farmer in the Conservation Area of Madura Beef Cattle

Abstract Indonesia has consistently failed to achieve its meat self-sufficiency target in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014. Precisely during this period, the volume and value of feeder cattle and meat imports increased. One of the causes of failure to achieve the self-sufficiency target is still not achieving economic efficiency. The central and local governments have made efforts to implement the national cattle development roadmap. However, smallholder farmers, who account for 95% of the total farmers in Indonesia, are still subsistence. On the other hand, the beef cattle business cost is very high compared to the average daily gain achieved. The study’s objectives are: 1) to characterize the type of Madura beef cattle in terms of feed patterns, 2) to analyze the portion of feed budget, 3) to analyze the factors influencing the variation of food intake. The analytical method uses: 1) descriptive analysis, 2) explorative analysis and 3. regression analysis. The research results show five types of Madura Beef cattle: Sonok, Taccek, Breeder, Fattening, and cow. Body size and supplementation have a significant effect on the food intake.

Contamination of Food Products by Listeria monocytogenes in Iran during 2010-2023

Introduction: Mortality rate of Listeria infection is high and has been reported to be up to 30%. In this regard, the present study aimed to provide more information about food sources contaminated with the Listeria monocytogenes and offer suitable strategies to control this pathogen in supply centers, slaughterhouses, and processing centers. Method: Results of investigations on the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in food (seafood and aquatic products, red meat, poultry, and dairy products) during 2010-2023 were reviewed. In total, 61 acceptable studies were involved in the present research. After the selection of papers, their key results were extracted, including the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes, cultivation method, sample type, and sampling location. Results: Listeria monocytogenes is prevalent in all types of seafood products, red meat, poultry, dairy products, and vegetables, as well as ready-to-eat and ready-to-cook foods. Consuming raw and undercooked foods contaminated with animal and human feces and direct contact with feces can cause Listeria infection in humans. L. monocytogenes is sensitive to amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin, and gentamicin antibiotics; therefore, these antibiotics can be used for listeriosis treatment. Conclusion: In previous studies, the importance of traditional meat and dairy supply centers in L. monocytogenes transmission has been addressed to a lesser extent. It can be concluded that appropriate standards should be developed and applied to control this food pathogen by regulatory systems. In addition, regular and periodic monitoring of food products and providing necessary training to people about how to prevent food poisoning can play an effective role in reducing listeriosis.

DETERMINANTS OF BROILER PRODUCTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON POVERTY STATUS AMONG CIVIL SERVANTS IN JOS METROPOLIS, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

The research was carried out to analyze broiler production as a sustainable tool in reducing poverty among civil servants in Plateau State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: determine the profitability of broiler production; evaluate the poverty status and the effect of broiler income on the poverty status of the civil servants; identify the socio-economic factors influencing the level of broiler production; and describe the constraints of broiler production. Data from 120 members of Poultry Association of Nigeria (PAN) who are civil servants, were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Majority of the civil servants that engaged in broiler farmers were women. Findings revealed that the influx of new entrants into broiler production in recent times was due to the ban on importation of frozen poultry product by the Federal Government of Nigeria which create high demand-supply gap. The civil servants’ broiler producers earned a profit margin of 58% and return on investment of ₦1.67 per Naira invested. This resulted into reduced FGT poverty indices. The level of broiler production were significantly determined by sex, level of education and experience at different level of probability. Likewise, the poverty status of the civil servants were significantly affected by salary and income from broiler production at 1 and 5 % levels of probability. Major constraints in broiler production were high cost of feed and vaccines. Government ban on importation of poultry meat is plausible and should be further imbibed by the Nigerian citizens to consume home grown poultry meat.

Research on the Implementation of the Quality Traceability System on the Global Meat Import Trade

Research on the Implementation of the Quality Traceability System on the Global Meat Import Trade

Investigating Asymmetric Price Transmission and Monopoly in Iran’s Red Meat Import Market

Investigating Asymmetric Price Transmission and Monopoly in Iran’s Red Meat Import Market

Cross-Border Factors and Trade Agreements Affecting Meat, Milk and Fisheries Exports from Pakistan: Evidence from the Gravity Model Analysis

The livestock and fishery sectors of Pakistan, not only contributes to GDP but can also considerably boosts export revenue for the country. This study identifies the cross-border factors and trade agreements affecting meat, milk, and fisheries exports from Pakistan. To accomplish this objective, the study used three different panel dataset of countries that import milk, meat, and fish from Pakistan. Results from commodity-specific gravity models show that increase in income in importing countries increases exports of the three products from Pakistan. Moreover, distance between Pakistan, and milk and milk products importing countries significantly reduces milk and milk products exports from Pakistan. Furthermore, an increase in the population of the age group of 65 and above increases milk and milk products exports. Besides, an increase in exchange rate in importing countries also decreases Pakistani meat and fishery exports. Countries who signed TIFA with Pakistan received higher exports of milk and milk products from Pakistan. The free trade agreements of other countries with Pakistan results in lower meat exports as compared to transit trade agreements. Finally, countries who signed preferential trade agreements with Pakistan received higher fishery exports. Findings of this study would provide valuable input for policymakers which in turn will enable them to devise appropriate commercial policies for milk, meat, and fishery products.

Training on making processed beef for residents of the Batujajar Transit Apartment, West Bandung Regency

Meat is a nutrient-rich animal food essential for maintaining good health. Given its perishable nature, appropriate processing techniques are crucial to enhance its nutritional value and extend its shelf life. Recognizing the potential of animal-origin food processing and the entrepreneurial opportunities it presents for the community is vital. This community service program aims to educate the community, particularly residents of Batujajar Transit Apartments (Aptrans), on the production of processed meat such as shredded meat, jerky, beef sei, and beef tongue sei. The implementation method of this service includes training, mentoring, and in-depth monitoring to raise awareness about the importance of quality meat as a significant protein source for families. Additionally, it fosters independence and creativity in animal food processing, paving the way for the formation of entrepreneurial partnerships and preparing individuals to initiate businesses. This community service program is executed in collaboration with the Housing and Settlement Service and the West Java Province Housing Management and Services UPTD. The outcomes of this service include heightened creativity and independence in processed meat food preparation, as well as an improved ability to maintain nutritional intake for enhanced nutritional completeness.

Analyzing Meat and Seafood Import Demand in Trinidad and Tobago Using the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System Model

A linear approximated almost ideal demand system model is specified to estimate imported meat and seafood demand in Trinidad and Tobago for the period 1976 to 2019 using annual data. Model parameters were estimated using seemingly unrelated regression with theoretical restrictions imposed. The results found that own-price of imported poultry and seafood negatively affected import expenditure share while own-price positively affected import expenditure share for imported beef, pork, and mutton. In addition, income negatively affected the import expenditure share of imported beef but positively affected the import expenditure share of imported pork, poultry, seafood, and mutton over the study period. Expenditure elasticity for imported meats and seafood reveals that they are all normal goods. Imported beef, pork, poultry, seafood, and mutton had expenditure elasticities of 0.57, 1.13, 1.94, 1.12, and 1.05, respectively. Imported pork, poultry, seafood, and mutton were found to be luxuries with income-elastic import demand. Own-price elasticities reveal that imported poultry was the most import elastic with an own-price elasticity of 1.40, followed by imported seafood (1.22), beef (0.65), mutton (0.54), and pork (0.48). Cross-price elasticities revealed that various complementary and substitution relationships existed among imported meats and seafood over the study period. Hicksian cross-price elasticities showed that mostly substitution relationships existed between various pairs of imported meats and seafood. The study also highlighted some policy recommendations that can be derived from the results.

Empirical Analysis on Import Diversification of Major Livestock Commodities in Malaysia

The long-standing underperforming self-sufficiency status of major ruminant commodities in Malaysia signifies that the livestock sub-sector is confronting crucial import dependency status, particularly beef and mutton. The self-sufficiency indicated stagnating and even deteriorating trends over the years, stemming from a massive gap between domestic production and the demand requirement for meat products. Various efforts and strategies are implemented to expand local beef and mutton production, yet the performance remains insignificant. This crucial situation further urges the government to implement the liberalization of import quota for the two main meat commodities, aiming to provide meat supply based on current needs either at the industry or consumer level and further facilitate market equilibrium for meat products. Nevertheless, the import tendency has concentrated on a few dominant markets, globally. Previous studies suggested trade diversification is crucial for multiple reasons towards creating a more sustainable economy and food security. Therefore, this study identifies the status of trade diversification of primary livestock commodities and measures the association between trade diversification and economic performance in Malaysia. Time series databases (2000 – 2020) were utilized and analyzed using quantitative methods to estimate the import diversification index (ID) using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), which is further used as an endogenous variable to develop the import diversification empirical model, while the exogenous variables include gross domestic product per capita, food security, and total factor productivity. The Import Diversification Index confirms beef import market demonstrates a low diversified import or highly concentrated market, whereas mutton showed more diversified import markets. The results showed that national gross per capita income and food security status are the two variables that significantly influence the country's concentrated import markets for beef and mutton import diversification status. This study also found that per capita national income, self-sufficiency, and total factor productivity significantly affect the trade diversification degree for beef and mutton imports in Malaysia. Despite being massively dependent on meat (beef and mutton) imports, none of the specific studies has attempted to measure the trade diversification circumstance in Malaysia. The findings of this study are useful in strategizing the diversification of import markets, particularly for primary ruminant livestock commodities, in line with the national food security direction and policy agenda in Malaysia.

Repurposing agricultural support policies for shared prosperity in rural Fiji

AbstractNotwithstanding the increasing place of tourism exports, the rural sector and its agricultural production remain important contributors to Fijiʼs economy. But their contribution is compromised by policies and institutions that distort the farm sectorʼs resource use, with too many resources employed by sugar and livestock producers at the expense of other farmers and producers of non‐farm products. Subsidies to the sugar industry could be used instead to boost investment in rural public goods such as infrastructure and agricultural research. That would benefit a much larger proportion of rural people, many of whom are below the poverty line. So too would a lowering of tariffs on imports of meat and milk products. And by thereby lowering food prices in urban areas, such re‐purposing of support would benefit their poorest households most. It would also lower the prices of high‐protein livestock products and nutrient‐rich fruits and vegetables, which could well improve nutrition and health.

DIFFICULTIES IN IMPLEMENTING THE HALAL TRACEABILITY SYSTEM AMONG IMPORTED HALAL MEAT SUPPLIERS

Nowadays, a lot of halal related issues arouse a bad image to religion and many parties includes halal industry players and consumers, directly or indirectly. The meat cartel scandals issuehas shocked Malaysia in the previous year. In conjunction to the issue, many Muslim consumers had lost their confidence towards the consumption of halal meat imports. The unfolding scandal over fake halal documentation, fake halal logos, and fake halal meat has really affected the halal meat import industry since consumer confidence is decreasing and honest businesses are working hard to convince customers of their compliance with halal requirements. Transparency in the implementation of a halal traceability system on the meat import supply chain helped prevents any violations or fraudulent cases. The aims of this studyis to discover the challenges of implementing a halal traceability system among halal meat import suppliers. This research adopts a qualitative method and the data was collected through a semi-structured interview. The thematic analyses was conducted on transcribed and coded data interview. The results of the study showed that time consumption, cost implementation, and lack of digital expertise have become challenges for halal meat import suppliers in implementing a halal traceability system.

RESEARCH ON THE HALAL MEAT TREND

The halal meat industry is one of the latest business trends in the world. The importance of halal meat is to maintain the continuity of the halal production process so that the quality and safety of meat is guaranteed until it reaches consumers. This paper aims to see the direction of research development of all papers with the title of halal meat published in reputable journals. This paper uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to provide a map of halal meat supply chain research trends. The development of halal meat research is still limited. This is evidenced from 2007 to 2023 by title only 48 articles indexed by Scopus by title. The author found that in Muslim countries halal is part of the belief in life. Whereas in non-Muslim countries, halal is seen as a brand component to increase market share. It is estimated that the demand for halal meat will continue to increase as the global Muslim population grows and because of the quality awareness of halal products. The results of this paper can provide specific directions for the government, researchers, and halal meat industry players. The government can improve and strengthen the regulation of the halal meat industry, for researchers as a reference for continuing research in the field of halal meat, and for halal meat industry players, consumer behavior towards halal meat can be an opportunity to increase market share.

Unraveling the effects of import bans on domestic poultry production: a case study of Senegal

Senegal banned all imports of uncooked poultry meat in 2006 in response to Avian Influenza outbreaks in many exporting countries. This paper investigates the effects of the import ban on domestic chicken meat production and the performance of Senegal's broiler farms. To do so, we employ various comparative analyses at the farm and macro levels. We use the synthetic control method to estimate the effects on total production, which shows that Senegal’s chicken meat production increased more than it would have without the import ban. This may imply, in line with the infant-industry argument, that the ban has had a positive impact on chicken meat production. In addition, we use a farm-level analysis to evaluate the performance of typical Senegalese broiler farms. The comparison with Ghana shows that Senegalese farms are performing better and have lower costs of production. An opening of the markets should only be implemented gradually, by replacing the ban with tariffs because local industries must have the opportunity to adapt to the competition of the international market step by step.

Should I Really Pay a Premium for This? Consumer Perspectives on Cultured Muscle, Plant-Based and Fungal-Based Protein as Meat Alternatives

Consumer willingness to accept alternative meat products has been widely explored. However, few studies have explored the key factors driving and inhibiting willingness to try, buy and pay a price premium for plant-based proteins, fungal-based proteins and cultured muscle tissue. Therefore, the present study is dedicated to this research gap and proposes a model that combines driving and inhibiting factors such as food neophobia, food technology neophobia, the environmental and specific benefits of alternative meat products as well as intrinsic attributes of meat such as taste, texture and smell. Partial least squares structural equation modeling shows that the largest drivers of consumer willingness to consume meat substitute are their perceived suitability (specific benefits) and environmental impact. Conversely, the biggest inhibitors to consumption were the nutritional importance of meat, the importance of meat taste, texture, and smell, and food neophobia and food technology neophobia. How the drivers and inhibitors varied between plant-based, fungal-based, and cultured muscle tissue are discussed and implications for industry leaders and future research are discussed.

International food trade contributes to dietary risks and mortality at global, regional and national levels

Food trade is generally perceived to increase the availability and diversity of foods available to consumers, but there is little empirical evidence on its implications for human health. Here we show that a substantial proportion of dietary risks and diet-related mortality worldwide is attributable to international food trade and that whether the contributions of food trade are positive or negative depends on the types of food traded. Using bilateral trade data for 2019 and food-specific risk–disease relationships, we estimate that imports of fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts improved dietary risks in the importing countries and were associated with a reduction in mortality from non-communicable diseases of ~1.4 million deaths globally. By contrast, imports of red meat aggravated dietary risks in the importing countries and were associated with an increase of ~150,000 deaths. The magnitude of our findings suggests that considering impacts on dietary risks will become an important aspect of health-sensitive trade and agriculture policies, and of policy responses to disruptions in food chains.

Sustainability Perception of Italian Consumers: Is it Possible to Replace Meat, and What Is the Best Alternative?

Growing worldwide food demand with its environmental impacts requires a reshaping of food consumption. This study aims to evaluate the degree of Italian consumers' awareness of sustainability and whether protein alternatives to meat could be accepted. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a group of 815 respondents, representative of the Italian adult population for geography, gender, and age, using multivariate analysis together with cluster analysis. Lack of awareness of the consequences of food choices on the environment was found in 45% of respondents, and 51% reduced their consumption of meat. Typical foods of the Mediterranean diet (84% legumes 82% eggs, and 77% fish) were selected as the preferred sources of protein to replace meat, while insects and insect-based products were less accepted (67%). The importance of meat is the latent factor that explains more than 50% of the common variance observed in the factor analysis. The cluster analysis confirmed the importance of meat for Italian consumers, emphasizing other aspects of the sustainability of food choices. Cluster 1 (25.6%) considered meat very important. Two out of five clusters (clusters 2 and 3, 38%) considered meat replaceable in the diet, and cluster 4 (31.3%) included meat consumers that were willing to be sustainable. Cluster 5 identifies the "unsustainable consumers" (5.7%). In conclusion, besides the perceived importance of meat, there is room for recommendations for its reduction by proposing alternative foods already present in the Mediterranean diet.