Measures Of Self Research Articles

Personality and Meat Consumption Among Romantic Partners in Daily Life.

Eating is often a social activity that can be influenced by others, particularly in close relationships when dietary preferences reflect underlying value differences. We sought to examine the personality traits of meat-eating couples who differ in their preferences for meat. We recruited Swiss romantic couples in which one partner typically consumed more meat than the other (N = 272, couples = 136). At baseline, participants completed survey measures of self- and informant-rated personality traits at the domain (e.g., agreeableness) and aspect level (e.g., compassion) and meat consumption. Participants then completed 28 daily meal surveys about their meat consumption. Among high-meat eating partners, those higher in openness/intellect and compassion ate less meat. Additionally, higher intellect among low-meat eating partners predicted lower meat consumption among high-meat eating partners. These findings replicate evidence that personality plays an important role in meat-eating and extend this evidence to meat consumption in a relational context.

Work-Readiness self report lift capacity test short form.

The Multidimensional Task Ability Profile (MTAP) is a measure of self reported physical work capacity developed for injured workers with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) to determine readiness to return to work. This study compared the concurrent validity of a new short form MTAP (MTAP-SF) comprised of 16 lifting and/or carrying items with the MTAP 55-item version. The hypothesis addressed is whether the validity of a version that imposes less respondent burden (MTAP-SF) would be comparable to the more burdensome instrument (MTAP-55). MTAP scores were compared with demonstrated lift capacity in 1,252 healthy adults. Parallel regression analyses were conducted to examine the explanatory power of both MTAP versions. Age, gender, body mass and MTAP-SF explained 55% of the variance (p < 0.001) in demonstrated lift capacity, equivalent to MTAP-55. Self reported performance in physical work capacity tasks accounts for significant variance in lifting performance. MTAP-SF diminishes respondent burden while maintaining validity and may be useful for managing MSDs by enhancing understanding of the evaluee's psychophysical component in return-to-work rehabilitation planning.

Using shame to extend Martin Conway’s self-memory system

ABSTRACT We extend Conway’s self-memory system by adding theory and data from shame, an emotion that disrupts the internalised ideals of society needed for a positive self-concept. The event that caused 273 undergraduates their greatest amount of shame was analyzed; 66% were not very negative except for producing shame. Ratings of post-event effects, including two measure of self (self-perceived weakness, and centrality to identity) and four clinical symptoms (intrusions, avoidance, anxiety, and depression), were attributed separately to the remembered event, behaviour during the event, and shame from the event. The effects of shame were generally as large as the those of the event and larger than those of the behaviour, demonstrating the importance of shame’s effects. The Tonic Immobility Scale (TIS), which measures tonic immobility (i.e., freezing), was obtained for the event that produced the most tonic immobility but that was not the event that caused the most shame. The post-event symptoms measured on the event that caused the most shame and the TIS correlated highly, suggesting that shame and tonic immobility may belong to a cluster of phylogenetically conserved submissive defensive mechanisms that could account for effects currently attributed to goals in self-memory systems.

Having the measure of self and world: a response to my critics

ABSTRACT In this response I address criticisms raised by Ashton, Battaly, McGlynn and Simion that my account of intellectual humility (hereafter, IH), and of the vices opposed to it, is too internalistic, is insufficiently social and structural, and finally that my proposal for ameliorating vice might be not efficacious.

P09.02.B Engaging Parents in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation for Childhood Cancer Survivors: The I’M aware: Patients And Carers Together (ImPACT) Program

Abstract Background Cognitive impairment is the most common late effect in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). A third are likely to experience impairments in skills such as attention, processing speed, memory, and executive function. Neurobehavioral impairments are also observed in CCS (e.g., apathy) and may underlie cognitive impairment. Although these problems can impair quality of life, scholastic achievement and long-term socioeconomic outcomes, there is a dearth of research on interventions to treat cognitive impairment in CCS. Cognitive rehabilitation studies in CCS have focused primarily on computerized cognitive training and meta-cognitive strategy training, but with limited effects and poor study designs. They have lacked four key elements: 1) transfer of learning to real-world functional outcomes; 2) awareness training to enhance compensatory strategy use, particularly since CCS may experience neurological unawareness preventing the optimal application of strategies; 3) inclusion of parents that could enhance transfer of learning to the home; and 4) recognition of the inter-related nature of cognitive, neurobehavioral, and psychological functions. A novel, context-sensitive neuropsychological rehabilitation program has been developed for CSS to address these missing elements - the “I’M aware: Patients and Carers Together (ImPACT)” program - based on an evidenced-based approach pioneered at NYU Hospital in the US. In this protocol, the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the ImPACT program (8 x 1 hour sessions) will be evaluated. Material and Methods Phase One will consist of semi-structured interviews with 5 to 10 CCS and their parents in order to review and refine procedures for the ImPACT program. In Phase Two, twenty participants will be randomized to a wait-list control (WLC) or intervention group. WLCs will not receive the intervention immediately, but will serve as the control comparison group. Measures of self- and parent-reported cognition, neurobehavioral function, and global function will be administered pre- and post- intervention, and 9 weeks later (or equivalent time points for WLCs). Results Results of this project will provide vital data in support of a future large-scale trial. Conclusion Findings could have implications for the management of cognitive and neurobehavioral impairment in CCS that could transform the nature of services provided to CCS. The program can be delivered remotely or in-person and harnesses existing supports in the child’s life to promote real-world functioning.

Narrative Identity Anchors the Self During Instability: The Structuring Effect of Cinematic Self

According to narrative identity theory, narratives underlie a strong sense of self because they unify and integrate identity (McAdams, 2008). Consistent with this, individual differences in cinematic self, how storied people experience themselves (Wong, Dirghangi, &amp; Butner, 2020), positively relate to stronger self outcomes. If narratives provide a robust structure for identity, then the consequences of having a stronger or weaker narrative identity may be particularly evident during instability. Two studies tested the hypothesis narrative identity moderates the relationship between self-instability and sense of self. Significant interactions were observed across university students ( N = 172) and online adults ( N = 248), that were consistent across measures of self (self-concept clarity, self-alienation, self-awareness) and stability (stability of self, labile self-esteem), and remained significant controlling for self-esteem. The results support the idea a highly storied identity structures a more robust self than a lesser storied identity and that narrative identity promotes resilience during unstable times.

Development and Validation of the Certainty About Mental States Questionnaire (CAMSQ): A Self-Report Measure of Mentalizing Oneself and Others.

The Certainty About Mental States Questionnaire (CAMSQ) is a self-report measure of the perceived capacity to understand mental states of the self and others (i.e., mentalizing). In two studies (total N = 1828), we developed the CAMSQ in both English and German as a two-dimensional measure of Self- and Other-Certainty, investigated associations with other measures of mentalizing, and explored relationships to personality functioning and mental health. The CAMSQ performed well in terms of convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement invariance across the United States and Germany. The present research indicates that the CAMSQ assesses maladaptive forms of having too little or too much certainty about mental states (consistent with hypomentalizing and hypermentalizing). A psychologically adaptive profile of perceived mentalizing capacity appears to be characterized by high Self-Certainty that exceeds Other-Certainty, suggesting that imbalances between Self-Certainty and Other-Certainty (Other-Self-Discrepancy) play an important role within personality pathology.

Measures of self- and other-directed ageism and worries concerning COVID-19 health consequences: Results from a nationally representative sample of Israelis over the age of 50.

Worries associated with COVID-19 health consequences are well-justified. They may motivate people to take safety precautions, but may hinder if they become too intense. Current research has examined mainly age and gender as potential correlates associated with worries. This study instead, is focused on self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and perceived age discrimination as potential predictors of worry, in the light of the ageism pandemic which has co-occurred with the COVID-19 outbreak. The study is based on a national sample of 1,092 adults aged 50 and above in Israel. Phone interviews were conducted between March 29 2020 and May 3 2020, when Israel gradually moved from strict to partial lockdown. Respondents were queried about their worries related to COVID-19 health consequences, demographic characteristics, known-risk factors, SPA and perceived age-based discrimination in the healthcare system. Our findings show that in addition, to sex, financial status and chronic illness, SPA and age-based discrimination in the healthcare were significant predictors of worries and explained additional 8% of the variance. The findings point to the potentially negative impact of the ageism pandemic in an area that has not received much attention, thus far, namely people’s worries. Interventions that address ageism directed by self or others might alleviate worries in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Self-Concept and Identity Measure in Adolescents

Abstract. Identity difficulties have been associated with various psychiatric conditions and are considered a central issue in personality pathology. Following the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders, measures of self- and interpersonal functioning have been developed. Although these measures were intended to be separate ratings of self-other deficits, only a global rating was obtained. Moreover, these measures fall short in bridging the gap between developmental and clinical identity work. To capture both adaptive and disturbed identity dimensions, Kaufman et al. (2015) developed the Self-Concept and Identity Measure (SCIM) that assesses consolidated identity, disturbed identity, and lack of identity. Using two-wave longitudinal data (2,150 adolescents; 54.2% girls; age range = 12–19), this study investigated the factor structure and reliability of the Dutch SCIM, its measurement invariance across time, its longitudinal measurement invariance across gender and age groups, and associations of the SCIM with identity synthesis and confusion, Big-Five personality traits, and borderline personality disorder features. Consolidated identity scores were positively related to identity synthesis and adaptive Big-Five traits, whereas negatively related to identity confusion, neuroticism, and borderline features. Opposite associations were obtained for disturbed identity and lack of identity scores. The Dutch SCIM appeared to produce valid and reliable scores and seemed suited to assess longitudinal identity functioning in Belgian adolescents.

Measuring 'self': preliminary validation of a short form of the Self Experiences Questionnaire in people with chronic pain.

People with chronic pain often struggle with their sense of self and this can adversely impact their functioning and well-being. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy particularly includes a process related to this struggle with self. A measure for this process, the Self Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ), was previously developed in people with chronic pain. The aim of the current study was to validate a shorter version of the SEQ in people with chronic pain to reduce respondent burden and facilitate further research. Data from 477 participants attending an interdisciplinary pain management programme were included. Participants completed measures of treatment processes (self-as-context, pain acceptance, cognitive fusion and committed action) and outcomes (pain, pain interference, work and social adjustment and depression) at baseline and post-treatment. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for item reduction. Correlations between scores from the shorter SEQ and other process and outcome variables were calculated to examine validity. Change scores of the shorter SEQ and their correlations with changes in outcome variables were examined for responsiveness. An eight-item SEQ (SEQ-8) scale including two factors, namely Self-as-Distinction and Self-as-Observer, emerged, demonstrating good reliability (Cronbach's α = .87-.90) and validity (|r| = .14-.52). Scores from SEQ-8 significantly improved after the treatment (d = .15-21), and these improvements correlated with improvements in most outcomes. The SEQ-8 appears to be a reliable and valid measure of self. This shorter format may facilitate intensive longitudinal investigation into sense of self and functioning and well-being.

Self and Other Mentalizing Polarities and Dimensions of Mental Health: Association With Types of Symptoms, Functioning and Well-Being.

Research suggests that the ability to understand one’s own and others’ minds, or mentalizing, is a key factor for mental health. Most studies have focused the attention on the association between global measures of mentalizing and specific disorders. In contrast, very few studies have analyzed the association between specific mentalizing polarities and global measures of mental health. This study aimed to evaluate whether self and other polarities of mentalizing are associated with a multidimensional notion of mental health, which considers symptoms, functioning, and well-being. Additionally, the level or depth of mentalizing within each polarity was also analyzed. A sample of 214 adolescents (12–18 years old, M = 14.7, and SD = 1.7; 53.3% female) was evaluated on measures of self- (Trait Meta-Mood Scale or TMMS-24) and other- mentalizing (Adolescent Mentalizing Interview or AMI), multi-informed measures of psychopathology and functioning based on Achenbach’s system, and measures of psychological well-being (self-esteem, happiness, and motivation to life goals). Results revealed no association between mentalizing polarities and higher-order symptom factors (internalizing, externalizing, and global symptoms or “p” factor). Self-mentalizing was associated with self-esteem (B = 0.076, p < 0.0005) and motivation to life goals (B = 0.209, p = 0.002), and other-mentalizing was associated to general, social and role functioning (B = 0.475, p < 0.0005; B = 0.380, p = 0.005; and B = 0.364, p = 0.004). This association between aspects of self-other mentalizing and self-other function has important implications for treatment and prevention. Deeper mentalizing within each polarity (i.e., comprehension beyond simple attention to one’s own mental states, and mentalizing referred to attachment figures vs. mentalizing referred to the characters of a story) revealed stronger associations with functioning and well-being. Because mentalizing polarities are associated with functioning and well-being but not with symptoms, a new hypothesis is developed: mentalizing does not contribute to resiliency by preventing symptoms, but by helping to deal with them, thus improving functioning and well-being independently of psychopathology. These findings support that promoting mentalizing across development may improve mental health, even in non-clinical population.

The relationship between prototype ratings of personality and self and interpersonal functioning with an adolescent inpatient sample.

Personality pathology is conceptualized, in part, as impairments in self and interpersonal functioning. Although most of the research has focused on adult samples, fewer have looked at this relationship in adolescent samples. This paper investigates the relationship between clinician-rated personality prototypes, the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure-Prototype Matching Adolescent Version (SWAP-A-P) derived from the SWAP-II-A, and a measure of self and interpersonal functioning, the Social Cognition and Object Relation Scale-Global Rating (SCORS-G). Clinicians rated 66 adolescents hospitalized at a safety net teaching hospital in the northeast. The patient's individual and group therapist rated the patients at discharge using the SWAP-A-P and the SCORS-G at discharge blind to each other's ratings. Results showed that more severe personality pathology was linked with more impairments in self and interpersonal functioning.

Identifying and measuring network-based relational uncertainty: Looking outside of the dyadic bubble

Previous research has explored both relational uncertainty and the importance of partners’ social networks in the development of close relationships. Combining these concepts would better facilitate our understanding of relational development. Accordingly, this four-study identifies and creates a novel measure for social network-based relational uncertainty experienced by individuals in romantic relationships. Studies 1 and 2 reveal eight distinct categories of network uncertainty via open coding. Studies 3 and 4 use these categories to create a network uncertainty measure (NUM) and compare it to several scales from relational turbulence theory. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed five subscales, which derived from the original eight categories. Tests of convergent and divergent validity validate the NUM as a viable measure to be used in theory expansion as well as studies of network-dyad interaction. Regression analyses first compared the NUM to measures of self, partner, and relationship uncertainty. Results demonstrated strong empirical relationships between these variables, reaffirming conceptual similarities. Moreover, measures of relationship satisfaction intimacy were regressed on the NUM, controlling for relational uncertainty measures. Results demonstrated that the NUM contributes to these outcomes above and beyond self, partner, and relationship uncertainty. Findings are discussed in terms of empirical and conceptual value to the study of romantic relationships.

Adolescent and parent factors related to fatigue in paediatric multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome: A comparative study.

Fatigue is a disabling, poorly understood symptom in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis (caMS), for which effective treatments are lacking. In paediatric Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), effective psychological interventions have been developed based on psychosocial factors associated with fatigue. This study aimed to identify potentially modifiable factors of fatigue in caMS by comparing caMS, adolescents with CFS, healthy adolescents and their parents on measures of fatigue, psychosocial factors, and neurocognitive functioning. 175 participants including 30 caMS (15 fatigued, 15 non-fatigued), 30 adolescents with CFS, 30 healthy controls, and their parents were compared on measures of self- and parent-reported fatigue, adolescent and parent cognitive behavioural responses to symptoms, sleep, psychological difficulties, parental distress and objectively measured neurocognitive functioning. Fatigue severity, functional impairment and cognitive behavioural responses to symptoms were equivalent in fatigued caMS and adolescents with CFS, and were significantly higher than in healthy controls and non-fatigued caMS. Neurocognitive functioning was impaired in both caMS groups, but was normal in adolescents with CFS and healthy controls. No between-group differences were identified in adolescent sleep behaviour or psychological difficulties. Parents of all illness groups had more unhelpful cognitions than parents of healthy controls. Psychological distress was elevated in parents of both fatigued groups. Fifty percent of caMS reported clinically significant fatigue. Similarities between adolescent and parent cognitive behavioural factors in fatigued caMS and adolescents with CFS suggest important potential targets for intervention. Both fatigued and non-fatigued caMS had cognitive difficulties, suggesting that fatigue may need targeted intervention.

Interpersonal processes and intimacy among men with localized prostate cancer and their partners.

The present study focused on intimacy processes in the relationships of men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer and their partners. Using the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM), we examined the interpersonal process model of intimacy, which proposes associations between self- and perceived partner disclosure about cancer and perceived partner responsiveness as predictors of global relationship intimacy. The study's outcomes were patients' and spouses' ratings of global relationship intimacy. Both actor (my disclosure predicts my intimacy) and partner (my partner's disclosure predicts my intimacy) effects were examined, as well as possible moderating effects for cancer-related concerns. Two hundred and nine couples in which one or both partners reported elevated cancer-specific distress completed measures of self- and perceived partner disclosure and perceived partner responsiveness regarding discussions about prostate cancer, global relational intimacy, and cancer-related concerns. Results were consistent with the interpersonal process model of intimacy in that perceived responsiveness mediated the association between self- and perceived partner disclosure about cancer and global relational intimacy for both patients and spouses. Results also indicated moderation of the links between disclosure and relational intimacy by level of patient cancer-related concerns such that the links were stronger when concerns were higher. Finally, there was also evidence of moderated mediation such that indirect effects of disclosure on relational intimacy via perceived partner responsiveness were stronger when concerns were higher. Interventions for distressed couples coping with prostate cancer would benefit from focusing on facilitating disclosure and responsiveness, particularly among distressed couples who report cancer concerns. (PsycINFO Database Record

The Psychometric Characteristics of the Brown and Alexander Self-Esteem for the Age Group (13-18) years in Tabuk City: الخصائص السيكومترية لمقياس براون والكساندر لتقدير الذات للفئة العمرية (13- 18) سنة في مدينة تبوك

This study aimed to know the Psychometric Characteristic of Self Variable Standard for (Brown- Alexander) to the Age (13- 18) year in Sa'udia Arabia Environment. The study used the descriptive approach and was the tool in the self- estimation scale (Brown- alexander). It has been conducted on a clustered random sample consist of (1344) of whom 600 are students six male and 744 are students six female of Tabouk schools. The result showed that the degree of standard truth to person factor between mark and Rozenberg standard was (0.8) which it's statistical evidence at (a= 0.05). The coefficient of persistence was extracted using the Alpha Cronbach equation and reached (0.86) which its acceptable. And we observe that no statistical different evidence between students degree on self valuable standard related to gender، that variable standard related to gender، that the calculation (f) approach (0.835) with evidence equal (0.36) which its not statistical evidence، also there no statistical different evidence according to age، that the calculation (f) approach (2.044) with evidence equal (0.070) which its not statistical evidence. But there is different statistical evidence related to gender X age، which the calculation (f) was (4.097) with evidence (0.001) and its statistical evidence and the different age (13، 15، 16، 17) was for female and in age (14، 18) was for male. In the light of the results of the current study, recommendations could be proposed the following: Parental interest in measuring the level of appreciation of their children and enhancing their vulnerabilities. Use the measure of self- esteem by student guidance in schools and develop remedial plans to raise the level of self- esteem among students and learners.

Dimensional measure of self and interpersonal functioning: Comparisons with treatment alliance and readiness for inpatient psychotherapy.

The social cognition and object relations scale-global rating method is a clinical rating system assessing 8 domains of self and interpersonal functioning. It can be applied to score numerous forms of narrative data. In this study, we investigate the SCORS-G relationship to measures of alliance and readiness for psychotherapy with an adolescent inpatient sample. Seventy-two psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents were consented and subsequently rated by their individual and group therapist using the SCORS-G. The unit psychiatrist also completed an assessment of patients' readiness for inpatient psychotherapy. The patients completed a self-report of their alliance with the inpatient treatment team as a whole. SCORS-G ratings were positively correlated with assessments of readiness for inpatient psychotherapy and patient-reported alliance. This study further demonstrates the clinical utility of the SCORS-G with adolescents.

A measure of perceived family stigma: Validity in a military sample.

The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the newly developed Perceived Family Stigma Scale (PFSS) in a diverse sample of 623 military veterans. The PFSS is a 4-item scale that has acceptable internal consistency (α = .86) and strong interitem correlations (r = .51 to .76). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated the single factor model was a good fit statistically (χ2[df = 2, N = 620] = .34, p = .84) and descriptively (CFI = 1.00, RMSEA < .001). Multigroup CFA was performed to test the measurement invariance of the PFSS across demographic indicators. The PFSS achieved full scalar invariance across deployment history, education level, urban/rural location, marital status, and military rank, and partial scalar invariance across gender, ethnicity/race, and income level. Results of a logistic regression analysis indicated significant relationships of mean PFSS scores and gender with likelihood of needing help for an emotional problem, above and beyond a measure of self- and public stigma. Specifically, each point increase in mean PFSS scores predicted an almost 4 times higher probability of reporting a need for help, and men were also 6 times more likely than women to report a need for help. However, there was a significant relationship between the PFSS and gender such that, for women, each 1 point increase in mean PFSS scores predicted a likelihood of reporting a need/desire for help for an emotional problem 3 times that of men. (PsycINFO Database Record

Testing relationships between DSM-5 Section III maladaptive traits and measures of self and interpersonal impairment in Italian community dwelling adults.

In order to study the relationships between DSM-5 Section III maladaptive personality traits and personality dysfunction, 312 Italian community dwelling adults completed the Italian translations of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Measure of Disordered Personality Functioning Scale (MDPF); participants were also administered the Iowa Personality Disorder Screen (IPDS). Consistent with previous findings, 22 (88.0%) PID-5 maladaptive trait scales showed moderate and significant correlations with MDPF Non Coping (median r value = .32), and Non Cooperativeness, (median r value = .24) scales. Regression analyses showed that PID-5 trait scales explained roughly 59% and 35% of the variance in MDPF Non Coping and Non Cooperativeness scales, respectively. PID-5 traits were significantly associated also with the IPDS total score, adjusted R2 = .45, p < .001. As a whole, our data seemed to indicate that the wide majority of the PID-5 scales showed significant relationships of at least moderate size with a self-report measure of personality dysfunction, lending further support to the criterion validity of the PID-5. (PsycINFO Database Record

Moms and Dads: Their Political Identity and Preference for Educational Programs

Education is a key driver of the quality of a country’s workforce and its future economic prosperity (Heckman 2000; 2006). Aside from public education policies, one contributor to this is parental preferences of different educational programs for their children. Using an identity-based approach, this article examines how parental identity — political and gender — jointly affects preference for educational programs using a conformance-oriented or independence-oriented pedagogy. The authors argue that the matching effect between a parent’s political identity and the pedagogical orientation of an educational program differs for males and females. Males, due to their self-focus use the preference to reinforce their political identity, whereas females do not do so due to their other-focus. Four studies test this theorizing. We replicate the results using different measures of political identity, by using different measures of self- and other-focus (direct and indirect), and with different educational programs. We also demonstrate the theorized phenomenon using a field study of parents at elementary and pre-schools, in addition to testing for mediation.