Permittivity Measurements Research Articles

Polarizing Magnetic Field Effect on Some Electrical Properties of a Ferrofluid in Microwave Field

The complex dielectric permittivity, ε (f, H) = ε′ (f, H) − i ε″ (f, H), in the microwave frequency range f, of (0.1–3) GHz and polarizing field values H, in the range of (0–135) kA/m, was measured for a kerosene-based ferrofluid with magnetite particles. A relaxation process attributed to interfacial type relaxation was highlighted, determining for the first time in the microwave field, the activation energy of the dielectric relaxation process in the presence of the magnetic field, EA(H), in relation to the activation energy in zero field, EA(H = 0). Based on the complex permittivity measurements and the Claussius–Mossotti equation, the dependencies on frequency (f), and magnetic field (H), of the polarizability (α) and electrical conductivity (σ), were determined. From the dependence of α(f,H), the electric dipolar moment, p, of the particles in the ferrofluid, was determined. The conductivity spectrum, σ(f,H), was found to be in agreement with Jonscher’s universal law and the electrical conduction mechanism in the ferrofluid was explained using both Mott’s VRH (variable range hopping) model and CBH (correlated barrier hopping) model. Based on these models and conductivity measurements, the hopping distance, Rh, of the charge carriers and the maximum barrier height, Wm, for the investigated ferrofluid was determined for the first time in the microwave field. Knowledge of these electrical properties of the ferrofluid in the microwave field is useful for explaining the mechanisms of polarization and control of electrical conductivity with an external magnetic field, in order to use ferrofluids in various technological applications in microwave field.

Reconstruction of flame permittivity distribution based on ECT and Lp regularized D-bar method

Abstract The measurement of flame permittivity is significant in obtaining the combustion state. A method of Lp regularized D-bar is proposed in this article, which is used to reconstruct flame permittivity distribution by electrical capacitance tomography (ECT). Firstly, the distribution characteristic of flame permittivity is analyzed using the electric probe method. The simulation model of ECT flame measurement is set up based on the result of flame permittivity distribution. Then, the relationship model between the truncation radius of the D-bar algorithm and noise level is fitted based on the simulation reconstruction results of flame permittivity. The truncation radius of the D-bar algorithm for flame permittivity reconstruction is obtained by the relationship model. The Lp regularization is introduced into the scattering transformation solving of the D-bar algorithm, and the simulation results of flame permittivity reconstruction under different p-values are compared. In the experiment, the reconstruction of flame permittivity by the D-bar algorithm with different truncation radii is compared. The experimental results verify the truncation radius strategy based on noise level. Moreover, compared with L 1 and L 2 regularization methods, Lp regularization combined with the D-bar algorithm is more accurate in the experiment results of flame permittivity reconstruction.

Enhancing SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ ceramics: The role of neodymium substitution in structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties

This study investigates the impact of neodymium substitution for bismuth in SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) ceramics, a potential lead-free alternative for ferroelectric applications. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals a decrease in lattice parameters and volume with increasing Nd content. Scanning electron microscopy examines the influence of neodymium on grain morphology, showing a transition from characteristic SBN plate-like grains to a mix of plates and micro-spheres. Dielectric properties are evaluated, showing an increase in room-temperature permittivity for Nd-doped samples compared to the undoped counterparts. Additionally, the influence of Nd doping on relaxor ferroelectric behavior is studied. The Curie temperature (Tc) increases with Nd concentration, while the temperature dependence of relaxation time weakens. Ferroelectric properties exhibit significant changes due to Nd doping. Inverse permittivity versus temperature (ϵr−1 vs. T) measurements suggest an unconventional response, potentially due to lattice strain induced by the larger ionic radius of Nd. The potential influence of doping concentration on the order of the ferroelectric transition is also explored. Overall, neodymium substitution in SBN ceramics enhances their ferroelectric properties, making them promising for advanced electronic applications.

Electric Response of a Negative Dielectric Anisotropy Nematic Liquid Crystal Doped with Ionic Dopant

The electrical properties measurements have been performed in a homogeneous alignment parallelepiped cell containing 4-methoxy benzylidene- 4-butylaniline (MBBA) liquid crystal doped with 0.02%wt tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB). The measurement of the complex permittivity was conducted in the nematic phase, covering a frequency range of 42 Hz to 5 MHz. A new relaxation mode was observed in the low-frequency region, which was not present in pure MBBA. The obtained dielectric dispersion could be fitted using the double Cole–Cole formula to determine the relaxation frequencies. The steady-state current exhibited a nonlinear dependence on the applied voltage, and hysteresis was observed in the transient current-voltage characteristic curve.

A microwave permittivity sensor on a Mach–Zehnder Interferometer of: Spoof surface plasmon polariton waveguides

A microwave Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) sensor for the permittivity characterization of liquids is presented in this paper. Two spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguide transmission lines (TLs) composed of compact spiral units is utilized in a differential architecture. Loading a dielectric material on the sensing arm induces a phase difference between the two arms, leading to periodic interference dips on the transmission curve. The spectral positions and magnitudes of these dips change with different dielectric materials. Due to the nonlinear dispersion characteristics of the SSPP TL, the proposed SSPP-based MZI sensor achieves improved sensitivity compared with microstrip-based MZI sensor. To validate the sensor’s performance, six different oil samples and a set of adulterated oils were measured, incorporating a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel on the sensing arm. The variations in the spectral position and magnitude of the interference dip centered at 3.2 GHz are employed to determine the dielectric constants and loss tangents of the tested oils. The sensitivity in measuring the dielectric constant is 3.61 %. The maximum errors for measuring the dielectric constant and the loss tangent are 4.3 % and 6.7 %, respectively. Compared to other sensors for liquid oil detection, the proposed sensor provides a relatively high sensitivity while maintaining a low liquid volume, making it a promising candidate for permittivity measurements of liquid analytes and solid materials with similar dielectric constants.

LOCAL DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY AND ITS APPLICATION TO POLYMERS

ABSTRACT The advent of nanodielectrics, nanocomposite materials based on a polymeric matrix, and materials with physical properties ruled by interfacial effects in general demands techniques to characterize functional properties on a local scale with high spatial resolution. Scanning probe microscopies (SPMs), in their electrical modes, have emerged as indispensable tools to access physical quantities such as dielectric constant, surface potential, and static charge, with nanometer-scale lateral resolution and with surface selectivity, being influenced mainly by the outermost layer of the specimen. In this tribute, the development of various SPM electrical modes is illustrated, focusing on the measurement of dielectric permittivity and its spectroscopic extension to access the local, frequency-dependent dielectric function (local dielectric spectroscopy [LDS]). The application to nanostructured polymers in the form of ultrathin films, nanometer-scale–separated blends, and self-assembled block copolymer structures is described. LDS appears to be a promising technique for characterizing the electric properties of polymers and their composites as well as other glass formers and nanostructured systems.

Flow-through microfluidic relative permittivity sensor using highly-doped silicon sidewall electrodes

Abstract This paper reports a flow-through sensor for the real-time measurement of the relative permittivity of a flowing fluid. The proposed sensor contains multiple parallel microchannels. Each channel acts as a parallel plate capacitor in which the electrodes are isolated from the fluid. This approach results in a low pressure drop and high sensitivity while the internal volume is only 50 nl. The fabrication technology allows for controllable scaling of the channel geometry. Equally deep microchannels with widths varying between 5 µm and 50 μ m are fabricated. The fabrication technology is compatible with other flow-through sensors, enabling further on-chip integration. The sensor has been characterised using 10 different fluids with relative permittivity values ranging from 1 to 80—including water and water-containing mixtures—at a measurement frequency of 300 kHz. The results show an accuracy within 3% of full scale and the repeated measurements with nitrogen and water show standard deviations of 1.20 and 1.03, respectively.

Structural, Morphology and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Studies of Multifunctional Hybrids of Low-Density Polyethene with Graphene, Carbon Nanotube and Magnetite

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigate the EMI SE (Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness) of novel multifunctional polymer hybrids in the X-band and Ku-band frequencies. Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized via wet chemical reduction and nanographene was synthesized through chemical exfoliation combined with microwave treatment. Nine different composites were prepared with varying weight ratios of graphene and magnetite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed their structural and morphological properties. SEM analysis revealed magnetite particle sizes ranging from 10.05 nm to 29.8 nm. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analysis indicated that the magnetite nanoparticles exhibit super paramagnetic behavior with a magnetic anisotropy constant (K) of approximately 63.9375 × 106 J/m3. Impedance analysis, permittivity and permeability measurements showed frequency-dependent behaviors, with interfacial polarization effects due to magnetite agglomeration. The highest conductivity, observed in the 50:5:37.5:7.5 hybrid, peaked at 8 S/cm at lower frequencies. The 50:5:37.5:7.5 hybrid demonstrated the highest EMI SE of 50.08 dB (99.999019% suppression) in the X-band, which is suitable for advanced EMI-shielding applications.

Understanding error rejection of differential impedance spectroscopy for the in situ characterization of highly conductive fluids

Abstract Differential impedance spectroscopy (DIS) can offer distinct advantages over conventional impedance spectroscopy (IS), particularly for the in situ characterization of highly conductive, corrosive fluids. To enhance the understanding of DIS and determine the conditions under which this method is preferable over conventional IS with fixed electrode positions, error calculations were performed. Two scenarios were analyzed, one accounting solely for random instrument errors and the other including random errors as well as systematic errors from a serial offset impedance. Our analyses reveal that while permittivity measurements of highly conductive media remain challenging regardless of whether a conventional or differential impedance approach is used, DIS enables highly accurate conductivity measurements across a wide frequency and conductivity range. Studying different cell dimensions with equal cell constants revealed that despite the increased influence of systematic errors at small scales, conductivity can still be accurately measured, underscoring the applicability of DIS for microfluidic applications. Other potential parasitic effects, such as those arising from the electromagnetic skin effect, stray capacitances, electrode size, and temperature gradients, are discussed, providing a comprehensive framework for sample characterization with DIS.

Assessment of thermochromic phantoms for characterizing microwave ablation devices.

Thermochromic gel phantoms provide a controlled medium for visual assessment of thermal ablation device performance. However, there are limited studies reporting on the comparative assessment of ablation profiles assessed in thermochromic gel phantoms against those in ex vivo tissue. The objective of this study was to compare microwave ablation zones in a thermochromic tissue-mimicking gel phantom and ex vivo bovine liver and to report on measurements of the temperature-dependent dielectric and thermal properties of the phantom. Thermochromic polyacrylamide phantoms were fabricated following a previously reported protocol. Phantom samples were heated to temperatures in the range of 20°C-90°C in a temperature-controlled water bath, and colorimetric analysis of images of the phantom taken after heating was used to develop a calibration between color changes and the temperature to which the phantom was heated. Using a custom, 2.45GHz water-cooled microwave ablation antenna, ablations were performed in fresh ex vivo liver and phantoms using 65W applied for 5min or 10min (n=3 samples in each medium for each power/time combination). Broadband (500MHz-6GHz) temperature-dependent dielectric and thermal properties of the phantom were measured over the temperature range of 22°C-100°C. Colorimetric analysis showed that the sharp change in gel phantom color commences at a temperature of 57°C. Short and long axes of the ablation zone in the phantom (as assessed by the 57°C isotherm) for 65W, 5min ablations were aligned with the extents of the ablation zone observed in ex vivo bovine liver. However, for the 65W, 10min setting, ablations in the phantom were on average 23.7% smaller in the short axis and 7.4 % smaller in the long axis than those observed in ex vivo liver. Measurements of the temperature-dependent relative permittivity, thermal conductivity, and volumetric heat capacity of the phantom largely followed similar trends to published values for ex vivo liver tissue. Thermochromic tissue-mimicking phantoms provides a controlled, and reproducible medium for comparative assessment of microwave ablation devices and energy delivery settings. However, ablation zone size and shapes in the thermochromic phantom do not accurately represent ablation sizes and shapes observed in ex vivoliver tissue for high energy delivery treatments (65W, 10min). One cause for this limitation is the difference in temperature-dependent thermal and dielectric properties of the thermochromic phantom compared to ex vivobovine liver tissue, as reported in the present study.

Evaluation of a Multivariate Calibration Model for the WET Sensor That Incorporates Apparent Dielectric Permittivity and Bulk Soil Electrical Conductivity

The measurement of apparent dielectric permittivity (εs) by low-frequency capacitance sensors and its conversion to the volumetric water content of soil (θ) through a factory calibration is a valuable tool in precision irrigation. Under certain soil conditions, however, εs readings are substantially affected by the bulk soil electrical conductivity (ECb) variability, which is omitted in default calibration, leading to inaccurate θ estimations. This poses a challenge to the reliability of the capacitance sensors that require soil-specific calibrations, considering the ECb impact to ensure the accuracy in θ measurements. In this work, a multivariate calibration equation (multivariate) incorporating both εs and ECb for the determination of θ by the capacitance WET sensor (Delta-T Devices Ltd., Cambridge, UK) is examined. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory using the WET sensor, which measured θ, εs, and ECb simultaneously over a range of soil types with a predetermined actual volumetric water content value (θm) ranging from θ = 0 to saturation, which were obtained by wetting the soils with four water solutions of different electrical conductivities (ECi). The multivariate model’s performance was evaluated against the univariate CAL and the manufacturer’s (Manuf) calibration methods with the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). According to the results, the multivariate model provided the most accurate θ estimations, (RMSE ≤ 0.022 m3m−3) compared to CAL (RMSE ≤ 0.027 m3m−3) and Manuf (RMSE ≤ 0.042 m3m−3), across all the examined soils. This study validates the effects of ECb on θ for the WET and recommends the multivariate approach for improving the capacitance sensors’ accuracy in soil moisture measurements.

High pressure ferroelectric-like semi-metallic state in Eu-doped BaTiO3.

We have conducted a detailed high-pressure (HP) investigation on Eu-doped BaTiO3 using angle-resolved x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and dielectric permittivity measurements. The x-ray diffraction data analysis shows a pressure-induced structural phase transition from the ambient tetragonal to the mixed cubic and tetragonal phases above 1.4GPa. The tetragonality of the sample due to the internal deformation of the TiO6 octahedra caused by the charge difference from Eu doping cannot be lifted by pressure. Softening, weakening, and disappearance of low-frequency Raman modes indicate ferroelectric tetragonal to the paraelectric cubic phase transition. However, the pressure-induced increase in the intensity of [E(LO), A1(LO)] and the octahedral breathing modes indicate that the local structural inhomogeneity remains in the crystal and is responsible for spontaneous polarization in the sample. The low-frequency electronic scattering response suggests pressure-induced carrier delocalization, leading to a semi-metallic state in the system. Our HP dielectric constant data can be explained by the presence of pressure-induced localized clusters of microscopic ferroelectric ordering. Our results suggest that the HP phase coexistence leads to a ferroelectric-like semi-metallic state in Eu-doped BaTiO3 under extreme quantum limits.

Finding the best frequency dependent performance of 3d transition metals (Co, Ni, and Mn) substituted nano magnetite for miniaturizing device applications

Ferrite samples with enhanced magneto-dielectric properties are more essential in electromagnetic applications. Therefore, a parent composition of Fe3O4 has been modified by substituting 3d transition metal elements (Co, Ni, Mn) at a single Fe atom using the co-precipitation synthesis method. The structural properties of the synthesized Fe3O4, NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4, and MnFe2O4 samples have been evaluated from the X-ray diffraction patterns. The surface morphology and microstructures of the studied samples were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy and the average grain size of all the studied samples varied from 60.11 to 106.03 nm. The magneto-dielectric properties were analyzed by frequency dependent permeability (μ) and permittivity (ε) measurements for the range of 100 Hz to 100 MHz. The conduction process for the synthesized ferrites has been noticed from the ac conductivity (σac). The localized relaxation mechanism for the studied ferrites has been observed from the variation of imaginary portion of the electric modulus (M") and the impedance (Z"). Moreover, the mismatch (Z/ηο) between the impedance of the antenna substrates (Z) made of the studied samples and air (ηο) has been evaluated from the permeability and permittivity. Finally, NiFe2O4 has been derived as a suitable ferrite for miniaturizing devices over a frequency range of 10 kHz-6.5 MHz.

Stabilization of polyacrylonitrile-based fiber with a quasi-traveling microwave applicator

This study introduces a novel microwave applicator and optimized processing conditions to enhance the stability of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based precursor fiber (PF). The innovative microwave applicator facilitates the propagation of the electromagnetic (EM) field akin to a quasi-traveling wave, thus circumventing standing wave nodes. This ensures a uniform thermal distribution and broadens the heating zone. Utilizing this applicator, the PF undergoes thermal stabilization in a streamlined two-step process, completing in just 13 min, a significant improvement over the conventional 90-min process. This not only saves manufacturing time, promoting energy efficient manufacturing but also aligns with the global trend towards green energy and lightweight carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, potentially catalyzing rapid economic growth. Fiber characterization through Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and complex permittivity measurements reveals that the microwave-processed fiber meets the standard of commercial stabilization fiber (SF).

Efficient degradation of methylene blue and ciprofloxacin compounds using heteroanionic titanium oxycarbide photocatalyst and its correlation with their dielectric properties

In recent times, semiconductor-based photocatalysts have emerged as a promising solution for remediating water pollutants. This study contributes to this field by successfully preparing a heteroanionic titanium oxycarbide photocatalyst, denoted as TiO0.5C0.5 (TiOC), through a solid-state reaction. The structural, morphological, optical, vibrational, and chemical bonding properties of TiOC were thoroughly characterized using XRD, TEM, SEM-EDS, UV–Vis DRS, FT-IR, and XPS. The photocatalytic activity of TiOC was evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB) and ciprofloxacin (CP) under visible light (VL) irradiation in different water sources (deionized, domestic tap, and seawater). Notably, TiOC achieved significant degradation efficiencies of 79 % for MB and 82 % for CP within 180 minutes under VL in deionized water. However, its efficiencies were lower in tap water (65 % for MB, 72 % for CP) and seawater (57 % for MB, 56 % for CP) due to the presence of interfering substances (inorganic ions, radical scavengers), varying initial pH, and salinity. Additionally, dielectric permittivity measurements of TiOC at room temperature revealed a high dielectric constant (ε' ≈ 179), facilitating efficient exciton separation. Its high loss tangent (ε'' ≈ 10) is attributed to improved conductivity, enabling faster charge-carrier transfer kinetics, which contributes to the enhanced removal of MB and CP. Overall, the enhanced removal efficacy of MB and CP using TiOC is attributed to the synergistic effects of enhanced VL absorption, faster charge transfer kinetics, improved exciton separation, and a favorable pH environment.

Ac/dc conductivity and ML-based evaluation of electric characteristics of methylene blue solution

Utilizing a precision LCR meter, the complex permittivity ε*(f) of methylene blue (MB) solutions in distilled water (DW) was determined at various temperatures and concentrations in the lower frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 MHz. The complex ac conductivity σ*(f) of the liquid samples was calculated using ε*(f). DC conductivity, σdc of the samples was also calculated. The effect of changes in temperature and concentration on the σ*(f) and ε*(f) of solutions are examined. A solution of MB in DW, ranging from diluted to concentrated, greatly enhances the electrical conductivity σdc. The empirical Casteel-Amis (CA) formula was employed to fit the experimental σdc values at different concentrations. Accurate measurement of complex permittivity of liquid solutions over wide range of concentration at broad range of frequencies and temperature is laborious and uneconomical. Therefore, we performed the complex permittivity measurement of the aqueous solution of MB over a limited concentration and temperature range over 201 frequency point. Then we used this experimental data in CatBoost regression model to predict the dielectric properties at intermediate frequencies and various concentrations. This model was employed to assess the performance of material characteristics using R-squared score. The study demonstrated that the CatBoost regression model can predict material performance at intermediate frequencies and concentrations while decreasing measurement resource needs by 60 %.

Assessment of thermochromic phantoms for characterizing microwave ablation devices.

Thermochromic gel phantoms provide a controlled medium for visual assessment of thermal ablation device performance. However, there are limited studies reporting on the comparative assessment of ablation profiles assessed in thermochromic gel phantoms against those in ex vivo tissue. The objective of this study was to compare microwave ablation zones in a thermochromic tissue mimicking gel phantom and ex vivo bovine liver, and to report on measurements of the temperature dependent dielectric and thermal properties of the phantom. Thermochromic polyacrylamide phantoms were fabricated following a previously reported protocol. Phantom samples were heated to temperatures in the range of 20 - 90 °C in a temperature-controlled water bath, and colorimetric analysis of images of the phantom taken after heating were used to develop a calibration between color changes and temperature to which the phantom was heated. Using a custom, 2.45 GHz water-cooled microwave ablation antenna, ablations were performed in fresh ex vivo liver and phantoms using 65 W applied for 5 min or 10 min ( n = 3 samples in each medium for each power/time combination). Broadband (500 MHz - 6 GHz) temperature-dependent dielectric and thermal properties of the phantom were measured over the temperature range 22 - 100 °C. Colorimetric analysis showed that the sharp change in gel phantom color commences at a temperature of 57 °C. Short and long axes of the ablation zone in the phantom (as assessed by the 57 °C isotherm) for 65 W, 5 min ablations were aligned with extents of the ablation zone observed in ex vivo bovine liver. However, for the 65 W, 10 min setting, ablations in the phantom were on average 23.7% smaller in short axis and 7.4 % smaller in long axis than those observed in ex vivo liver. Measurements of the temperature dependent relative permittivity, thermal conductivity, and volumetric heat capacity of the phantom largely followed similar trends to published values for ex vivo liver tissue. Thermochromic tissue mimicking phantoms provide a controlled, and reproducible medium for comparative assessment of microwave ablation devices and energy delivery settings, though ablation zone size and shapes may not accurately represent ablation sizes and shapes observed in ex vivo liver tissue under similar conditions.

A Sixteenth-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Sensor Loaded With CCRR Resonator Used for Solid Permittivity Measurement

A Sixteenth-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Sensor Loaded With CCRR Resonator Used for Solid Permittivity Measurement

Electromagnetic Characterization of EAC-1A and JSC-2A Lunar Regolith Simulants.

The development of devices for the in situ resource utilization (ISRU) of lunar surface powder (regolith) by means of microwaves needs regolith simulants with electromagnetic properties similar to the lunar regolith. This document deals with the measurement of complex permittivity and dielectric loss tangent of the aforementioned simulants at ambient temperature from 400 MHz to 20 GHz, performing measurements using two lunar dust simulants, EAC-1A and JSC-2A, resulting, on the one hand, in permittivity values of ε'=-0.0432f+4.0397 for the EAC-1A lunar dust simulant and ε'=-0.0432f+4.0397 for the JSC-2A simulant, and on the other hand, in loss tangent values of tanδe=-0.0015f+0.0659 for the EAC-1A powder and tanδe=-0.0039f+0.1429 for the JSC-2A powder. In addition, further studies are carried out taking into account the humidity of the samples and their densities at room temperature. The obtained results are applicable for comparing the measured values of EAC-1A and JSC-2A between them and with other previously measured simulants and real samples. The measurements are carried out by applying two different nonresonant techniques: Open-Ended Coaxial Probe (OECP) and transmission line. For this purpose, the DAK and EpsiMu commercial kits are used, respectively.

Hygrothermal Degradation of Epoxy Electrical Insulating Material-Testing and Mathematical Modeling.

The degradation of electrical insulating materials has been a subject of interest for decades as they are commonly applied in many fields of electrical engineering. Suitably modeling such a process is important since the known and well-described degradation process reveals the effect of ambient conditions, and this allows us to possibly estimate a material's remaining useful life. However, not many studies are dealing with the effect of the hygrothermal degradation of impregnating mono-component epoxy resins in the context of electrical engineering. Therefore, this study deals with this issue and discusses both the dielectric response (based on the measurement of relative permittivity, dissipation factor, and dielectric strength) and the mechanical response (based on measurements of tensile strength and Shore D hardness) to a hygrothermal degradation experiment. In addition, the results of thermal analyses are presented for the evaluation of the pristine specimen manufacturing process and possible post-curing processes. Furthermore, this study presents several methodologies for modeling the degradation process, including a novel methodology in this area based on Bayesian experimental design. As an outcome, mechanical parameters are proven to be specific in terms of the actual condition of the material and the Bayesian enhanced degradation model seems to be superior to the conventional evaluation methods in this particular study.