Measures Of Personality Traits Research Articles

Can personality traits be predicted from resting-state EEG oscillations? A replication study

Personality neuroscience seeks to uncover the neurobiological underpinnings of personality. Identifying links between measures of brain activity and personality traits is important in this respect. Using an entirely inductive approach, Jach et al. (2020) attempted to predict personality trait scores from resting-state spectral electroencephalography (EEG) using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and found meaningful results for Agreeableness. The exploratory nature of this work and concerns about replicability in general require a rigorous replication, which was the aim of the current study. We applied the same analytic approach to a large data set (N = 772) to evaluate the robustness of the previous results. Similar to Jach et al. (2020), 8 min of resting-state EEG before and after unrelated tasks with both eyes open and closed were analyzed using support vector regressions (SVR). A 10-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the prediction accuracy between the spectral power of 59 EEG electrodes within 30 frequency bins ranging from 1 to 30 Hz and Big Five personality trait scores. We were not able to replicate the findings for Agreeableness. We extended the analysis by parameterizing the total EEG signal into its periodic and aperiodic signal components. However, neither component was meaningfully associated with the Big Five personality traits. Our results do not support the initial results and indicate that personality traits may at least not be substantially predictable from resting-state spectral power. Future identification of robust and replicable brain-personality associations will likely require alternative analysis methods and rigorous preregistration of all analysis steps.

Individual differences in information demand have a low dimensional structure predicted by some curiosity traits

To understand human learning and progress, it is crucial to understand curiosity. But how consistent is curiosity's conception and assessment across scientific research disciplines? We present the results of a large collaborative project assessing the correspondence between curiosity measures in personality psychology and cognitive science. A total of 820 participants completed 15 personality trait measures and 9 cognitive tasks that tested multiple aspects of information demand. We show that shared variance across the cognitive tasks was captured by a dimension reflecting directed (uncertainty-driven) versus random (stochasticity-driven) exploration and individual differences along this axis were significantly and consistently predicted by personality traits. However, the personality metrics that best predicted information demand were not the central curiosity traits of openness to experience, deprivation sensitivity, and joyous exploration, but instead included more peripheral curiosity traits (need for cognition, thrill seeking, and stress tolerance) and measures not traditionally associated with curiosity (extraversion and behavioral inhibition). The results suggest that the umbrella term "curiosity" reflects a constellation of cognitive and emotional processes, only some of which are shared between personality measures and cognitive tasks. The results reflect the distinct methods that are used in these fields, indicating a need for caution in comparing results across fields and for future interdisciplinary collaborations to strengthen our emerging understanding of curiosity.

Stress and depression among male police officers in Taiwan: Severity, determinants, and coping strategies.

Police work, known for its high stress, exhibits elevated depression rates. This study explores stress and depression in male officers, examining personality traits, coping strategies, family, and social support. Aligned with the diathesis-stress hypothesis and job demands-resources model, it aims to illuminate these factors in policing. Two hundred and sixty-four male police officers from Yunlin, Taiwan were enrolled in this study. Structured measurements of stress level, depression symptoms, personality traits, family functioning, and social support were made. We used multiple regression analysis to assess predictors of stress level and depression and identified coping strategies used by the police officers. Of the 264 male police officers, 36.4% had clinically significant depression. Occupational stress was mostly related to organizational factors. Multivariate regression analyses showed that age, personality traits, officer's rank, and period of education obtained could predict police officers' occupational stress. Personality traits, social support, occupational stress, and period of education obtained could predict depression. The most frequently used coping strategies were drinking and smoking. The results of our study support the diathesis-stress hypothesis and the job demands-resources model. Enhancing male police officers' mental well-being requires addressing key factors like social support and occupational stress. Strategic measures, such as mental health education, destigmatization, counseling, and community-building, are vital. Policymakers should collaborate with mental health professionals for tailored interventions, fostering a healthier work environment.

Acceptance level of advance care planning and its associated factors among the public: A nationwide survey

BackgroundAdvance care planning (ACP) can contribute to individuals making decisions about their healthcare preferences in advance of serious illness. Up to now, the acceptance level and associated factors of ACP among the public in China remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the acceptance level of ACP in China and identify factors associated with it based on the socioecological model.MethodsA total of 19,738 participants were included in this survey. We employed a random forest regression analysis to select factors derived from the socioecological model. Multivariate generalized linear model analysis was then conducted to explore the factors that were associated with the acceptance level of ACP.ResultsOn a scale ranging from 0 to 100, the median score for acceptance level of ACP was 64.00 (IQR: 48.00–83.00) points. The results of the multivariate generalized linear model analysis revealed that participants who scored higher on measures of openness and neuroticism personality traits, as well as those who had greater perceptions of social support, higher levels of health literacy, better neighborly relationships, family health, and family social status, were more likely to accept ACP. Conversely, participants who reported higher levels of subjective well-being and greater family communication levels demonstrated a lower likelihood of accepting ACP.ConclusionsThis study identified multiple factors associated with the acceptance level of ACP. The findings offer valuable insights that can inform the design and implementation of targeted interventions aimed at facilitating a good death and may have significant implications for the formulation of end-of-life care policies and practices in other countries facing similar challenges.

Developing the future academic workforce: A descriptive cross-sectional study of the experiences of early career academics from registered health and social care professions

BackgroundHealthcare academics are generally recruited for their expertise as practitioners, however this may not always convert into expertise in higher education. ObjectiveInvestigate experiences of academics who transitioned from clinical roles by:1.Ascertaining prior understanding of the academic role.2.Understanding motivations to transition to academia.3.Determining whether expectations reflected reality.4.Identifying support needs for a successful transition. DesignDescriptive cross-sectional survey. Participants122 survey responses; 103 females, 89.3 % UK participants, 65.6 % nurses. Average years as clinician was 14.49 (SD 8.44), average age at time of transition was 39.99 (SD 8.28), average length of time in academia was 4.36 years (SD 6.51) and most were currently employed as a senior lecturer (36.9 %) or lecturer (28.7 %). MethodsAn electronic survey using an amended version of the Career Transition Inventory (CTI), the HEXACO personality trait measure, and open questions for elaboration.Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed on statistical data and open questions were analysed thematically. Results73 % of participants agreed they felt like a novice again and were overwhelmed in their first year of academia. Most felt they received support from their line manager and the transition was the right decision. Higher levels of extraversion were associated with a positive transition, and those open to new experiences were more likely to feel ready and confident in their career transition.The qualitative data identified four themes: the need to do something different, expectations not reflecting reality, levels of support, and it being a transformative experience. ConclusionsReasons for transitioning from clinical to academic roles are multifaceted. There is a lack of prior understanding around the complexities of the role, and expectations rarely reflect reality. Academic roles require extensive support and development, and time to transition into the role effectively.

Big Five personality traits and COVID-19 fear as mediated by anxiety and depression among male prisoners

ABSTRACT The goals of this cross-sectional study were to determine associations between Big Five personality traits and the fear of COVID-19 infection among male prisoners and to assess whether anxiety and depression helped explain any of these associations. The sample comprised 168 Caucasian male prisoners aged 20 to 69. We measured personality traits using the Polish version of the Ten Item Personality Inventory and fear of COVID-19 infection using an 11-point rating scale. We evaluated participants’ mental health status using the General Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scales. Fear of COVID-19 infection was negatively correlated with extraversion, openness, and agreeableness, and positively correlated with anxiety and depression. No correlations were observed between COVID-19 infection fear and emotional stability or conscientiousness. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that only low openness to experience significantly predicted COVID-19 infection fear. Anxiety and depression mediated the association between openness and COVID-19 infection fear. The importance of openness, anxiety, and depression may be considered in psychotherapy focused on reducing fear of COVID-19 infection among prisoners.

LSD-assisted therapy in patients with anxiety: open-label prospective 12-month follow-up.

Anxiety disorders are a major public health burden with limited treatment options. We investigated the long-term safety and efficacy of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-assisted therapy in patients with anxiety with or without life-threatening illness. This study was an a priori-planned long-term follow-up of an investigator-initiated, two-centre trial that used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period, random-order, crossover design with two sessions with either oral LSD (200 μg) or placebo per period. Participants (n = 39) were followed up 1 year after the end-of-study visit to assess symptoms of anxiety, depression and long-term effects of psychedelics using Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Global (STAI-G), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Persisting Effects Questionnaire and measures of personality traits using the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory. Participants reported a sustained reduction of STAI-G scores compared with baseline (least square means (95% CI) = -21.6 (-32.7, -10.4), d = 1.04, P < 0.001, for those who received LSD in the first period (94 weeks after the last LSD treatment) and -16.5 (-26.2, -6.8), d = 1.02, P < 0.05, for those who received LSD in the second period (68 weeks after the last LSD treatment)). Similar effects were observed for comorbid depression with change from baseline BDI scores of -8.1 (-13.2, -3.1), d = 0.71, P < 0.01, and -8.9 (-12.9, -4.9), d = 1.21, P < 0.01, for the LSD-first and placebo-first groups, respectively. Personality trait neuroticism decreased (P < 0.0001) and trait extraversion increased (P < 0.01) compared with study inclusion. Individuals attributed positive long-term effects to the psychedelic experience. Patients reported sustained long-term effects of LSD-assisted therapy for anxiety.

Personality Traits and Stockpiling in the United Kingdom During the COVID–19 Pandemic

Abstract: Introduction: This study analyzes the effects of personality traits on the stockpiling of groceries in the United Kingdom during the COVID–19 pandemic. The sample is representative of the UK population in terms of age, gender, and residential area. Methods: We collected the data through five rounds of web surveys during the spring of 2020 ( N = 1025). We used the Big Five Inventory (BFI–10) to measure personality traits. We analyzed the data using independent t-tests and logistic regression. Results: The independent t-tests show that “stockpilers” have a higher degree of Neuroticism and a lower degree of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness than “nonstockpilers.” Logistic regressions moreover show that differences in Neuroticism are related to other personality traits, and that differences in Agreeableness are largely related to age and residential area. The low degree of Conscientiousness among “stockpilers” remains, after we controlled for other factors in the model (i.e., personality traits, gender, age, and residential area). Discussion: We discuss the findings regarding previous research. Understanding personality traits and stockpiling is important to prepare and manage similar extraordinary situations that may occur in the future.

Advancing investigations into the effects of sweet and bitter tastes on agreeableness and hostility

In the studies to date that have examined the effect of taste on social affect, sweet taste has been reported to increase agreeableness (Meier et al., 2012), and bitter taste has been reported to increase hostility (Sagioglou & Greitemeyer, 2014). However, no study to date has examined changes to both agreeableness and hostility after tasting sweet and bitter substances, nor how the order of self-reporting these feelings, or individual differences in taste sensitivity, may influence the results. Our pre-registered study addressed these questions in 99 female undergraduates. Participants were randomly assigned to taste one of six sweet, bitter and neutral tastants, including those used in prior research on this topic, and then immediately completed the agreeableness and hostility scales used in past research, the order of which was counterbalanced across participants. Participants then evaluated all six tastants on various hedonic scales, and a 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) test of taste sensitivity was administered. Statistical analyses did not reveal any association between sweet, or any tastant and agreeableness scores. Hostility ratings were increased after participants tasted bitter, but only when this scale was administered before the agreeableness scale. Sensitivity to PROP did not moderate any of the findings. Based on prior work on self-affirmation and affect (e.g., Lindsay & Creswell, 2014), our results suggest that priming a prosocial self-schema (e.g., agreeableness) can eliminate the hostility induced by bitter taste. However, other explanations are possible and future work should investigate factors including measures of personality states vs. traits, and the timing between tasting and affect assessments.

Psychometric properties of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory for Children and Adolescents (TIPI-CA) in a Spanish sample

BackgroundThe Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) is a non-commercial very brief Five-Factor Model (FFM) measure widely em-ployed in research. Its use has been extended to children and adolescents, without exploring the suitability of its employ-ment for these early ages. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of an adaptation of this ques-tionnaire (the Ten-Item Personality Inventory for Children and Adolescents, TIPI-CA).Participants and procedureThe sample comprised 2428 children and adolescents (Mage = 12.65, SD = 2.41, 47.16% girls). The psychometric properties of the TIPI-CA were explored in terms of factor validity (including measurement invariance across gender), as well as conver-gent and divergent validities in a subsample of 800 participants (Mage = 12.50, SD = 1.96, 49.1% girls). Furthermore, criterion validity was also tested by exploring associations with prosocial behavior and psychopathological problems in another sub-sample of 618 participants (Mage = 11.97, SD = 2.70, 53.2% girls). Finally, internal consistency and temporal stability were estimated too.ResultsThe TIPI-CA presented reasonably appropriate psychometric properties, although weaker discriminant validity was found among children and adolescents compared to TIPI adult versions.ConclusionsThe instrument emerges as a useful tool to obtain a suitable approximation of the Big Five personality trait measures when time and/or space are scarce at early and young ages.

The core tendencies underlying prosocial behavior: Testinga person-situation framework.

According to a recently proposed theoretical framework, different personality traits should explain pro-social behavior in different situations. We empirically tested the key proposition of this framework that each of four "coretendencies" (i.e., the shared variance of related traits) specifically predicts pro-social behavior in the presence of a different situational affordance. We used a large-scale dataset (N = 2479) including measures of various personality traits and six incentivized economic games assessing pro-social behavior in different social situations. Using bifactor modeling, we extracted four latent core tendencies and tested their predictive validity for pro-social behavior. We found mixed support for the theoretically derived, preregistered hypotheses. The core tendency of beliefs about others' pro-sociality predicted pro-social behavior in both games involving dependence under uncertainty, as expected. Unconditional concern for others' welfare predicted pro-social behavior in only one of two games providing a possibility for exploitation. For conditional concern for others' welfare and self-regulation, in turn, evidence relating them to pro-social behavior in the presence of a possibility for reciprocity and temporal conflict was relatively weak. Different features of social situations may activate different personality traits to influence pro-social behavior, but more research is needed to fully understand these person-situation interactions.

Validation of an abbreviated Big Five personality inventory at large population scale: Psychometric structure and associations with common psychiatric and neurological disorders

BackgroundThe five-factor model of personality, as quantified using instruments such as the Big Five Inventory, consists of broad personality domains including Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism (emotional instability), and Openness. Such instruments typically include >40 items. However, instruments with many items can be unwieldly and a cause of measurement error in clinical and cohort studies where multiple scales are sequenced. Conversely, established 5- and 10-item versions of the Big Five Inventory have poor reliability. Here, we developed and validated an abbreviated 18-item Big Five Inventory that balances efficiency, reliability and sensitivity. MethodWe analysed three datasets (N = 59,797, N = 21,177, and N = 87,983) from individuals who participated in the online Great British Intelligence Test (GBIT) study, a collaborative citizen science project with BBC2 Horizon. We applied factor analyses (FA), predictive normative modelling, and one-sample t-tests to validate the 18-item version of the Big Five and to investigate its associations with psychiatric and neurological conditions. ResultsThe 18-item version of the Big Five Inventory had higher validity and retest reliability compared to the other previously shortened versions in the literature, with comparable demographic associations to the full Big Five Inventory. It exhibited strong (i.e. large effect size) associations with psychiatric conditions, and moderate (small-medium) associations with neurological conditions. Neuroticism (emotional instability) was substantially higher in all psychiatric conditions, whereas Conscientiousness, Openness and Extraversion showed differential associations across conditions. ConclusionThe newly validated 18-item version of the Big Five provides a convenient means of measuring personality traits that is suitable for deployment in a range of studies. It retains psychometric structure, retest reliability and clinical-group sensitivity, as compared to the full original scale.

Accounting for Individual-Specific Reliability of Self-Assessed Measures of Economic Preferences and Personality Traits

Accounting for Individual-Specific Reliability of Self-Assessed Measures of Economic Preferences and Personality Traits

Sleep quality mediates the association between chronotype and mental health in young Indian adults

There is increasing recognition of ‘higher preference for eveningness’ as a potential independent risk factor for poor mental health. To examine the chronotype-mental health relationship while also quantifying the potential roles of poor sleep quality, relevant personality traits, and childhood trauma, we assessed 282 young adults (18–40 years; 195 females) residing in North India, between January and March 2023 (to control for seasonal variation), using self-report measures of diurnal preference, sleep patterns, mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress), personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, schizotypy, and impulsivity), and childhood trauma. The results showed a significant association between eveningness and poor mental health but this association was fully mediated by poor sleep quality. Neuroticism, emotional abuse and cognitive disorganisation were correlated with eveningness as well as with poor mental health and sleep quality. Neuroticism and emotional abuse, but not cognitive disorganisation, also had indirect effects on mental health via sleep quality. Our findings highlight the crucial role played by sleep quality in the chronotype-mental health relationship.

Actions speak: personality, nonverbal behaviors, and self-perceptions of vulnerability in college-aged women

PurposeDespite representing a relatively small portion of the population, those who experience repeat victimization make up a significant share of all sexual and violent crimes, implying that perpetrators target them repeatedly. Indeed, research reveals specific traits (e.g. submissiveness) and behaviors (e.g. gait) related to past victimization or vulnerability. The purpose of this study is to explore the link between personality traits, self-assessed vulnerability and nonverbal cues.Design/methodology/approachIn all, 40 undergraduate Canadian women were videotaped while recording a dating profile. Self-report measures of assertiveness, personality traits and vulnerability ratings for future sexual or violent victimization were obtained following the video-recording. The videotape was coded for nonverbal behaviors that have been related to assertiveness or submissiveness.FindingsSelf-perceived sexual vulnerability correlated with reduced assertiveness and dominance and increased emotionality (e.g. fear and anxiety). Additionally, nonverbal behaviors differed based on personality traits: self-touch was linked to lower assertiveness, dominance and extraversion and higher submissiveness, emotionality and warm-agreeableness.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to consider the relationships between personality, self-perceived vulnerability and nonverbal behaviors among college-aged women. Potential implications, including enhancing autonomy and self-efficacy, are discussed.

Predicting nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal risk: A comparison between the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Section II personality disorder and alternative model of personality disorders dimensions.

The clinical relevance of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has received growing recognition, and NSSI represents a relevant risk factor for suicide. The present study aimed at running a head-to-head comparison between interview scores of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Section II personality disorders (PDs) criteria, and DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) Criterion A and Criterion B measures in providing significant and relevant information for understanding NSSI and suicidal ideation and behavior among psychotherapy participants. To this aim, a clinical sample of 103 adult participants was administered the Clinician-Administered Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Disorder Index (CANDI), the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), as well as the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders, the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Module I, and a self-report measure of dysfunctional personality traits (i.e., the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 [PID-5]). Logistic ordinal regression dominance analysis results showed that, when compared to the 10 DSM-5 Section II PD symptom counts, the DSM-5 Section III PD measure scores provided the same amount of information in the CANDI Global Severity Index scores (Nagelkerke pseudo-R² value = .41), and a markedly larger information quantity in the case of the C-SSRS Suicidal Ideation (+35.1%), and Suicidal Behavior Index (+35.9%) levels. As a whole, our data suggested the clinical usefulness of the DSM-5 AMPD in understanding NSSI and suicidal ideation and behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The relationship between neuroticism and L2 anxiety: A meta-analysis

Over the past twenty-five years, extensive research has examined the relationship between neuroticism and language anxiety. Despite a consensus regarding the plausibility of a positive relationship between the two psychological constructs, contradictory or inconsistent empirical findings have emerged in the literature. To address this issue, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the degree to which neuroticism and language anxiety are correlated and whether the relationship is positive. A comprehensive literature search yielded 22 valid primary studies published between 1996 and 2023, totaling 26 independent effect sizes for analysis (N = 8054). The results revealed a directly positive correlation between neuroticism and language anxiety (r = 0.32, 95% CI [0.26, 0.38]). Furthermore, the findings also suggested that neuroticism indirectly impact language achievement through the mediation of language anxiety (β-mediation = 0.12, p < 0.01). Finally, the relationship between neuroticism and language anxiety was found to vary significantly across different types of anxiety, measures of language anxiety and personality traits. In light of these empirical findings, the research implications are discussed in context.

Age-Neutral Measurement Of Personality Functioning and Maladaptive Personality Traits.

As previous studies have shown that personality disorder (PD) assessment in older adults is often hampered because assessment tools are tailored toward younger adults, establishing the age-neutrality of novel tools is crucial. This study primarily aimed to evaluate the age-neutrality of the Level of Personality Functioning Brief Form (LPFS-BF 2.0) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Modified + (PID-5-BF+M), using a sample of 254 community-dwelling adults. The analysis of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) demonstrated the age-neutrality of both instruments, with only 8.3% of LPFS-BF 2.0 items and 5.6% of PID-5-BF+M items exhibiting DIF. Differential Test Functioning (DTF) analyses revealed large DTF for the LPFS-BF 2.0 total score, indicating that age-specific norms might be necessary for this score. In summary, this study supports the use of these instruments in both older and younger adults, enhancing the assessment of PDs across the life span.

DEVELOPMENT OF A CROSS-CULTURAL ITEM BANK FOR MEASURING ENTREPRENEURIAL PERSONALITY TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH VENTURE SUCCESS

This study aims to create a cross-cultural item bank that enables accurate, specific and comprehensive measurement of entrepreneurial personality traits associated with successful businesses. The traits were identified through a literature review, a panel of experts and entrepreneurs. Forty-four experts were used for the content analysis of the item bank and 35 entrepreneurs were interviewed to analyze and validate the item bank with considerable evidence. We identified sixteen entrepreneurial personality traits grounded in theory, each linked to entrepreneurial success, constructed a cross-cultural item bank customized to five Spanish-speaking countries to enable a more culturally sensitive measurement, and provided evidence of both content and response process validities. The item bank advances the measurement of entrepreneurial personality traits, transcending the constraints of conventional psychometric tests to offer a less intrusive, yet more accurate and efficient, alternative. A foundation is provided for a computerized adaptive test capable of assessing a range of entrepreneur-specific constructs for a better alignment between project stakeholders and a reduced risk of failure.

Validation of the brief version of the Susceptibility to Persuasion-II scale and evaluation of measurement invariance across age and gender in the Canadian general population

Measurement tools that can assess personality traits rendering people more susceptible to engagement with and compliance in scams can help identify at-risk populations. The brief, 30-item version of the Susceptibility to Persuasion-II (StP–II–B) scale is a recently developed instrument for assessing 10 personality traits that play a role in scam compliance; however, psychometric evidence supporting the use of this scale is limited. This study aimed to validate the StP–II–B by examining its internal consistency reliability, factor structure, as well as age- and gender-related measurement invariance with a sample of 1287 Canadians aged 16 years and older. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 10-factor structure identified in previous research. Good internal consistency reliability was obtained for each of the 10 subscales. This 10-factor structure was found to be invariant across age and gender at configural, metric, and scalar levels, suggesting that the StP–II–B was conceptualized in the same way across age and gender and that meaningful comparisons of factor scores could be made. Age and gender differences were found in most factors, with younger individuals and men scoring higher than older individuals and women. This study supports the use of the StP–II–B as a valid and reliable scale for measuring personality traits associated with scam compliance in the Canadian general population and offers insights into age and gender cohorts that may be at higher risk of scam victimization.