Anthropometric Data Measurement Research Articles

Predictive Model of the Risk of Fall Based on Physical Fitness Assessment in Older Adults

Falls occurring during activities of daily living pose a major threat and are the third most common cause of death in seniors. In clinical evaluations, mostly single tests are used to assess the risk of fall. However, a complex set of tests would lead to a more comprehensive assessment of the risk of falls. The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model of the risk of falls in older adults aimed to prevent injuries. This study involved 159 older adults (≥65, 77% women) who underwent laboratory testing consisting of questionnaires, physical tests and basic anthropometric data measurement. The data were processed by a statistical method of regression analysis, the Classification and Regression Tree. Based on the analysis a predictive model of the risk of fall for older adults was created. The most important variables for the predictive model were total % of body fat mass, Timed Up and Go Test and 2 minutes walking test. Based on the predictive model, we can design a targeted intervention program for elderly adults to prevent risk of falling, promoting well-being and increase quality of their life.

Design Of a Dry Coffee Bean Shell Separation Machine Model To Increase Productivity

The research objective of designing a coffee bean skin separator model is to increase work productivity in the ergonomic dry coffee bean skin separation process. The way this dry coffee peel separator machine works is that the steel plates will rotate each other at certain gaps so that they can rub the coffee until it peels off. The design of this dry coffee bean peeling machine is adjusted to the results of anthropometric data measurements. In the previous coffee skin splitting process using an old-fashioned coffee peeler machine where the coffee beans were put in the inlet without sorting the coffee sizes, all coffee sizes were put in to be processed in the machine. Then the peeling plate gap is adjusted and the medium size is selected. As a result of stripping, it was obtained that almost 50% of the coffee beans had not been peeled off, and had to be put back in again. Besides that, the results of the stripping were still mixed with the dirt skin, so it needed to be processed again to clean the coffee. The results of testing the performance of the old model of the peeler with the new model of the improved peeler obtained an increase in performance or an increase in productivity. Increased work capacity of the dry coffee peeler (Kp) = (153.84 -17.24) / 17.24 = 176.88%, while the increase in the quality of well-exfoliated coffee beans (Kw) is = (90.74 – 85 .41)/85.41 = 6.24% thereby increasing productivity.

The significance of catestatin and relaxin-2 in the diagnosis of myocardial remodeling in patients with essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective — to evaluate the peculiarities of electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic (EchoCG) parameters in patients with essential hypertension (EH) in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their relationships with plasma catestatin (CTS) and relaxin­‑2 (RLN­­2) levels.
 Materials and methods. Examinations involved 106 patients with EH, from whom 55 subjects had concomitant T2DM, and 30 practically healthy volunteers. The mean age of the participants was (64.06±8.44) years, and women prevailed in the patients’ group (55.9%). All study participants underwent anthropometric data measurement, laboratory and instrumental investigations. The levels of biomarkers CTS and RLN­­2 were determined with the enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. Instrumental investigations included electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography.
 Results. CTS levels were reduced in patients with concentric (5.04±1.14 ng/mL) and eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (5.08±0.89 ng/mL) compared with the normal geometry (6.63±0.73 ng/mL, p <0.001). The significant correlation has been established between CTS levels and ECG parameters of LVH (Cornell voltage criterion (r=–0.222; p=0.009) and Sokolow‑Lyon index (r=–0.226; p=0.008)), and EchoCG parameters, including LV end‑diastolic dimension (EDD (r=–0.388; p <0.001), LV end‑systolic dimension (ESD (r=–0.453; p <0.001), LV end‑diastolic volume index (EDVi (r=–0.329; p <0.001), LV end‑systolic volume index ESVi (r=–0.415; p <0.001), LV ejection fraction (EF (r=0.469; p <0.001), septal sickness (SS) (r=–0.593; p <0.001), posterior wall thickness (PWS) (r=–0.647; p <0.001), relative wall thickness (RWS) (r=–0.568; p <0.001), and LV myocardial mass index (LVMi) (r=–0.576; p <0.001). Patients with RLN­­2 ≥ 4.69 pg/mL had higher EchoCG parameters, including LV EDD, LV ESD, LV EDVi, LV ESVi, SV, SS, PWS, RWS, LVMi (p <0.05). In addition, a significant positive relationship between CTS and RLN­­2 levels has been revealed (r=0.191; p=0.026), which was also confirmed in the subgroup of patients with RLN­­2 levels above 4.69 pg/mL (r=0.585; p <0.001).
 Conclusions. The decrease in CTS levels at LVH and established correlations with the ECG signs of LVH and EchoCG parameters allow us to consider CTS as a predictor of the development of LVH, especially in patients with EH combined with T2DM.

Analysis of Physical Condition of First-Year Military Higher Education Institution Cadets

The purpose of the study was to determine the dynamics of anthropometric and functional indicators of the physical condition of first-year cadets over three years (from 2019 to 2021). Materials and methods. 152 cadets from Ivan Kozhedub Air Force National University were involved in the experiment. The age of participants was from 17 to 22 years. All cadets were informed about the experiment and gave their consent. Anthropometric (measurement of anthropometric data) and medical-biological (rhythm inversion, electromanometry) methods of investigation were used to determine the assessment of the cadets’ physical condition. A highly informative method – the assessment of O. Pirogova index was used for analysis of the cadets’ physical condition. Pirogova physical condition index is a complex indicator based on the heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, age, body weight, and body height. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the EXCEL tables. The data was analyzed using Student’s test, p less than 0.05 was considered the level of significance. Results and discussion. The results of the study showed that the mean values of the anthropometric and functional indicators of the first-year cadets have not been changed statistically significant over three years. The exception is the difference in the average value of systolic blood pressure of control group 1 and control group 3 representatives, which is statistically reliable (p <0.05). Current anthropometric indicators of cadets obtained during the experiment confirmed the data available in the scientific and methodological literature about the anthropometric indicators of candidates for training in higher military educational institutions of Ukraine. The Pirogova physical condition index calculating showed the following average values of the Pirogova physical condition index: control group 1 – 0.704 points, control group 2 – 0.688 points, control group 3 – 0.671 points. However, the results of the study show a statistically significant deterioration of the Pirogova physical condition index of the 2021 recruitment cadets by 4.7% compared to the representatives of 2019. The comparative analysis of the first-year cadets' physical condition assessments demonstrates a gradual, significant decrease in the number of “high” physical condition ratings: 12% among control group 1 cadets (2019 year of recruitment); 9% among control group 2 representatives (2020 year of recruitment) and only 3% among control group 3 cadets (2021 year of recruitment). However, over three years, the percentage of representatives with physical condition assessment rating “Lower than average” has increased significantly: 1% among cadets of control group 1 (2019 year of recruitment); 7% among cadets of control group 2 (2020 year of recruitment); 7% among representatives of control group 3 (2021 year of recruitment). Conclusion. Over the last 3 years, there has been a deterioration of the general physical condition of higher military educational institution cadets

Malnutrition and Anemia: A Health Burden among Tea Garden Workers in West Tripura District, Tripura, India

Introduction: The tea garden workers are an underestimated group of our society and are considered to be the most nutritionally vulnerable community. This study was undertaken to study the nutritional status of the male and female tea garden workers of West Tripura district, Tripura, India. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 409 tea garden workers including both sexes (males: 197; females: 212) of age group 18–60 years were selected. A questionnaire for on-ground data collection was administered along with the assessment of dietary intake and dietary quality, anthropometric data measurements, physiological measurements, hematological and biochemical estimation. Results: Most of the workers were vegetarian, and about two-thirds of the participants consumed two meals per day. None of the subjects was in the habit of taking packed lunch in routine, and maximum respondents (males: 84.26%; female: 83.96%) were in the habit of keeping fast. Skipping meals was also common in a vast number of the participants (males: 83.24%; females: 84.90%). A maximum number of participants complained of anorexia, headache, breathlessness on exertion, lethargic feeling, pale conjunctiva, pale skin, and flat nails. A very high prevalence of anemia (males: 94.91%; females: 99.04%) was observed among the workers. The present study also revealed dietary inadequacies, particularly regarding protein, energy, calcium, and all micronutrients (iron, β-carotene, folic acid) except vitamin C. A positive significant (P < 0.05) correlation was observed between hemoglobin and various daily dietary intakes of blood-forming nutrients. Conclusion: The present study reveals the prevalence of anemia among tea garden workers, especially female workers. Nutritional insufficiency might be one of the important factors in this process. This study suggests that a comprehensive public health policy should be developed so that the tea garden workers’ health and nutritional needs can be addressed.

Ergonomics Leg Prosthetic Redesign Using An Anthropometric Approach

There are several factors and conditions that need attention such as patient health, different sizes and components used in manufacturing leg prosthetic. During this time, Mr.X has used prosthetic leg but with an inappropriate size, the prosthetic leg is longer than the original size of MR.X's foot so that it results in discomfort when use until complaints of injury. One ergonomic approach that can be applied in the design of an equipment to produce optimal products according to the dimensions of the user's body is anthropometry. Measurement of anthropometric data according to the body dimensions of Mr.X for the redesign of prosthetic leg by paying attention to the work activities of the user including the body dimension of D6 of 87.5 cm, D7 of 64 cm, D11 of 38 cm, D12 of 11.8 cm, D13 of 39 cm, D14 of 37 cm, D15 is 52 cm,D16 of 40.2 cm, D30 is 20.5 cm and D31 of 8 cm. In the trial redesign of Leg Prosthetic obtained a better sense of comfort, lighter than the previous prosthetic leg, and no need to use tools in the form of sticks when walking.

The role of nutritional status in the relationship between diabetes and health-related quality of life.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe association between nutritional status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not fully understood. This study was conducted to understand the role of nutritional status on HRQoL among people with and without T2DM.SUBJECTS/METHODSStructured survey and direct measurement of anthropometric data were conducted among people with and without T2DM. Nutritional status was measured with Mini Nutritional Assessment tool and HRQoL was measured with a 36-item Short Form Healthy Survey. Data collection was conducted in Chuncheon, South Korea with 756 participants who are older than 40 yrs of age.RESULTSThis study found that overall HRQoL were significantly lower in people with T2DM than people without T2DM after controlling for key covariates. When stratified by nutritional status, a greater degree of negative impact of T2DM on overall physical HRQoL was observed among well-nourished or at risk of malnutrition, whereas significant and more evident negative impact of diabetes on overall psychological HRQoL was observed only among malnourished.CONCLUSIONSThe study results suggest the role of nutritional status among people with T2DM on overall, especially psychological aspects of HRQoL. Future longitudinal or intervention studies are warranted to test the impact of nutritional status on HRQoL among people with T2DM.

Kajian Ergonomi pada Alat dan Perlengkapan TNI dalam Rangka Mendukung Kepentingan Pertahanan Negara

This study purpose to determine the feasibility and ergonomics aspects of the P-1 and Ranpur Panser APS 1 6X6 produced by PT. Pindad. The data was collected using a survey method through filling out a questionnaire with a purposive sampling method, interviews, and observations. Questionnaires were distributed to 350 TNI soldiers for the use of the P-1 Pistol and 180 of the TNI soldier. Measurement of anthropometric data and fatigue of Ranpur Panser APS soldiers was carried out on 30 soldiers who were randomly drawn from 180 soldiers. The results showed that the Pistol P-1 produced by PT. Pindad in general was still safe, comfortable, and accurate to shoot. However, the addition of infrared will make it easier for soldiers to shoot the targets. The results of the research on the application of ergonomic aspects at Ranpur Panser APS 1 6X6 resulted in a value of 57.47% for the effective criteria, 66.83% for the safe criteria, 69.56% for the comfortable criteria, 75.83% for the healthy criteria, and 80.17% for the efficient criteria. The results show that Ranpur Panser APS fulfill overall EASNE aspects with several notes discussed. Related to the fatigue test, results obtained a significance value of 0.01<0.05 which indicates a significant correlation between fatigue before and after using Ranpur Panser APS 1 6X6.

Analysis of workplace injuries in Slovakian state forestry enterprises

Abstract The aim of the paper is to identify the most common workplace accidents regarding injured body parts with respect to anthropometric data measurements of the population in the Slovak republic. Data from workplace accidents database over the years 2000-2017 were drawn from the records of the Slovak Forest state enterprise. The highest number of workplace accidents (31.7% of all recorded workplace accidents) occurred during the forest harvesting phase. Timber skidding with 15.9% of recorded accidents was the second highest risky phase. In four phases Timber harvesting, timber skidding,Works at conversion depot, Repairs and maintenance was 76% from all injuries in forestry state enterprises was occurred. Nonsignificant increase in the injury rate over the years 2000-2017 was determined in the analysis of the injury rate in the Slovak state forests. From the point of view of the longterm changing anthropometric parameters of the adult population, it is also necessary to take into account the ergonomic parameters and the technological procedures of the performed work and the working environment.

Determinants for low bone mineral density in pre-school children: a matched case-control study in Wuhan, China.

Introduction Reduced bone mass will increase bone fragility and risk of fractures. Thus, it is better to note its determinants as early as possible. Objective This study aimed to find and determine the determinants for low bone mineral density (BMD) in pre-school children. Methods Between November 2014 and April 2015, a matched case-control study was performed to detect information on growth and development condition and consumption frequency of products of cases with low BMD and controls with normal BMD. Anthropometric data measurement and blood tests were conducted. Besides, the questionnaires concerning the mentioned information were completed to get relevant determinants. A paired t-test, the McNemar test and univariate and multiple conditional logistic regression models were used to explore the association between these factors and low BMD. Results In total, 88 (28 boys, 60 girls) incident cases (4.15 ± 0.78 years) of low BMD and 88 sex- and age-matched (±2 months) controls (4.16 ± 0.80 years) of normal BMD were enrolled. The results of multiple conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that if children had larger chest circumference (odds ratio [OR] = 0.763), longer duration of breastfeeding (OR = 0.899) and lower frequency of eating snacks (OR = 0.439), the risk of low BMD would decrease. Conclusions Our findings suggest that pre-school children with an association of larger chest circumference, longer duration of breastfeeding and lower frequency of eating snacks could have lower risk for low BMD. Intended measures to strengthen those protective factors could be effective in reducing the cases of low BMD.

English

Hand-arm transmitted vibration originating from a 15 horsepower single-axle tractor can be very strong and cause operator fatigue plus various physiological disorders in vascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems. The objective of this work was to measure the characteristics of such hand-transmitted vibrations and its effect on the health of the single-axle tractor operator, in a research program conducted at the Melkasa Agricultural Research Center of Ethiopia. During the study, the measurement of anthropometric data and the heart rate of the operators and vibration at the handle of single axle tractor were conducted. From measured data, the requirement of expenditure energy, physical workload, and operators’ daily vibration exposure was calculated. The average measured resting heart rate, working heart rate and heart rate after the operation was 71i‚±7, 162i‚±4 and 126i‚±24 beats/min, respectively. The calculated values of HR reserve (%HRR) or physiological workload and the ratio of working to resting heart rate were 74i‚±10% and 2.3i‚±0.4 (p < 0.0001), respectively. The total energy expenditure of single-axle tractor operators was calculated to be 35i‚±1.2 kJ/min. The daily exposure m/s2A (8) and total exposure points which were calculated indirectly from measured vibrations at the tractor handle and duration of operation were 12.6 m/s2 and 2520 points, respectively. From measurements of operators’ heart rates, it was concluded that the physical workload fell into the category of extremely heavy work, for which the working heart rate more than doubled the resting heart rate (p < 0.0001). Key words: Tractor vibration, hand-transmitted vibration, single-axle tractor, heart rate, physical workload, vibration exposure.

Disordered eating and weight loss after bariatric surgery.

Aberrant eating patterns are frequently observed in bariatric patients. Since bariatric operations produce alterations in food transit and in appetite/satiety balance, postoperative eating behavior changes are not surprising. 88 consecutive obese patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP, 50 cases) and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG, 38 cases) were retrospectively evaluated. Beside anthropometric data measurement, eating behavior was assessed by direct interview prior to the operation and at the first and second postoperative years: patients were considered as eating disordered (ED) when referred habitual occurrence of binge eating and nibbling/grazing. Weight loss was assessed by percent of BMI loss (% Δ BMI). Together with standard follow-up, patients received additional behavioral/dietetic support upon request. Postoperative ED patients showed lower % Δ BMI than the not ED ones at one (30.7% ± 8,5 vs. 26.8% ± 10, p < 0.02) and two (32% ± 10.3 vs. 27.4% ± 12.9, p < 0.05) years after operation, the follow-up rate being 82% and 76%, respectively, without differences between RYGBP and SG group. After RYGBP, an improvement of eating behavior was observed (ED patients from 75 to 28% at 1 year and to 27% at 2 years), while no changes were observed after SG. In SG patients, the number of additional behavioral/dietetic support sessions throughout the follow-up was positively associated with % Δ BMI. The postoperative normalization of eating pattern has a role in weight loss after bariatric surgery. Behavioral/dietetic support is indicated in all SG patient, while after RYGBP is useful only when weight loss is unsatisfactory. III: retrospective cohort study.

The Lead Exposure Risk Due to Wells Water Consumption in Code Riverside Community, Yogyakarta City

The environmental conditions of Code River were strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities that include industry, hospitals, domestic, and agriculture. The contamination status on the Code River according to BLH Yogyakarta reported in 2014 was heavily polluted based on STORET (≤-31). The riverside community were misusing the river for final disposal site, potentially contaminating it with lead (Pb). Local communities were potentially exposed to Pb toxicity through well water consumption. An Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) study of ingestion exposure of heavy metals was never conducted in the Code Riverside, making it interesting for further studies. The study aimed to determine human health risks of consumption of well water containing Pb in Code Riverside, Yogyakarta City using an observational design with an Environmental Health Risk Assessment approach. There were 9 environmental samples and 47 respondents selected based on certain criteria. Data was collected through environmental inspection and human health assessment, interviews and anthropometric data measurement of respondents. Data was analyzed by univariate (frequency distribution) and EHRA methods. The result showed that the noncarcinogenic risk level of Pb due to well water consumption from majority of research sites have RQ value (Risk Quotient) &gt; 1, which means high potential risk to human health.

Trends in Workplace Injuries in Slovak Forest Enterprises.

The aim of the paper is to analyse the effect of key factors affecting the risk of workplace injuries and to identify the most common workplace accidents regarding injured body parts with respect to anthropometric data measurements of the population. Data associated with workplace accidents over the years 2000–2016 were drawn from the records of the state enterprise Forests of the Slovak Republic, situated in Banská Bystrica. Gathered data were processed and entered into the database complemented by the data on accidents of the self-employed working in the forestry industry. A total of 1874 workplace accidents in the state enterprise were recorded and statistically evaluated during the analysis period. A method for contingency table was used to analyse correlation between qualitative (categorical) variables in the dataset. A Poisson regression model was used to determine the injury rate. Forest harvesting is considered the most risky phase of the process of harvesting, processing, and transport. The highest number of workplace accidents (31.8% of all recorded workplace accidents) occurred during the forest harvesting phase during the analysis period. Timber skidding, with 16% of recorded accidents, was the second highest-risk phase. The workplace injury rate in the forest industry in Slovakia decreased over the course of the years 2000–2016. Head and facial injuries were those with the highest rate (67.1% injuries of these body parts) during the phase of harvesting and skidding.

Comparison of Overall and Segmental Body Composition in Collegiate Track Athletes Using BIA and DXA

Anthropometric and body composition measurements can offer insight into athletes’ health as well as assist in developing training or diet regimens to enhance competitive potential. Valid and reliable assessments of these measures are vital. PURPOSE: The purpose of this analysis was to compare overall and segmental body composition data of collegiate track athletes using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). METHODS: Participants visited the Human Performance Laboratory once for measurement of anthropometric data (ht via stadiometer) and body composition assessment by BIA (via InBody 570) and DXA (via GE Healthcare Lunar Prodigy Advance). Contraindications were addressed and jewelry was removed prior to testing. Athletes were instructed to remove their socks; thereafter, they followed verbal instructions provided by the InBody 570. Body weight (lbs.) determined by the InBody 570 was converted to kilograms (kg) and used in the DXA analysis, for consistency. Relative body fat (%BF) and regional lean mass in the arms (ArmsLean), legs (LegsLean), and trunk (TrunkLean) (kg) were compared between methods, by sex, using paired- samples t-tests. RESULTS (females): Twenty-four females (age: 19.6±1.0 yr, ht: 168.8±7.9 cm, and wt: 65.0±13.7 kg) volunteered for testing. There were statistical differences (ordered by BIA and DXA) for %BF [19.8±6.4 vs. 25.0±7.9%, p < 0.0001] and TrunkLean [22.10±3.72 vs. 21.11±2.42 kg, p = 0.038]. No statistical differences were found for ArmsLean [5.18±1.23 vs. 5.03±0.92 kg, p = 0.163] or LegsLean [15.73±2.33 vs. 16.32±2.35 kg, p =0.070]. RESULTS (males): Thirty males (age: 20.5±1.9 yr, ht: 179.9±5.7 cm, and wt: 80.2±16.8 kg) volunteered for testing. There was a statistical difference (ordered by BIA and DXA) for ArmsLean [8.02±1.54 vs. 8.65±2.17 kg, p = 0.026], while %BF was at the statistical cut-point [11.2±4.7 vs. 13.0±6.7%, p = 0.05]. No statistical differences were found for LegsLean [21.23±2.53 vs. 22.31±4.95 kg, p = 0.115] or TrunkLean [30.36±4.42 vs. 29.87±3.65 kg, p = 0.231]. CONCLUSIONS: Clearly, differences exist in the estimation of overall and segmental body composition depending on the method utilized. If pre-post or serial evaluations are to occur, switching assessment methods would not be appropriate.

PENGEMBANGAN ALAT BANTU LATIHAN UNTUK PROSES REHABILITASI BAGI PASIEN PASCA STROKE

Stroke is a disease that is still considered terrible at this time, the cause is none other than due to lifestyle and unhealthy diet. It is this condition that causes post-stroke patients can not freelyengage, therefore a therapeutic device design is needed so that patients can be cured of paralysisimmediately. The design process using QFD method so that the needs and designs are expected tobe in accordance with the wishes of the patient. Anthropometry is used to determine the size of thepatient's palm. The eco design method is used in the selection of materials to be used to support thecreation of green production. The results of anthropometric data measurement for the 5th percentileare at Ptm = 73.26mm, Dgmak = 20.85mm, Ttm = 16.98, while for the 95th percentile in the Ltm =92.32, Dgmin = 14.09, Lkt = 102.78 and Tgkt = 63.93. Test data reliability shows that theadjustability aspect has the highest value of 0.9156, then ranks both finishing aspects with the valueof 0.867 and the last is the material aspect with the value 0.7562. Based on the overall attributeused as instrumentation, which is a number of 13 attributes. The highest rating is on the easyattribute in the assembly.

Arsenic Exposure to Fish and Shellfish Consumption among Community in Makassar, Indonesia

Fish and shellfish contaminated by Arsenic (As) heavy metals from people activity discharge into the coast. Coastal community was exposure risk by As due to consumption of marine products. This study aimed to determine of human health risks level who consume fish and shellfish that contain As in Kaluku Bodoa and Untia coastal, Makassar. This research designed by observational and Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach. Human sample were 49 people and 8 environmental samples that selected based on certain criteria. Data collected through environmental assestment, interview and anthropometric data measurement. Data analyzed with EHRA methods. The results showed that the highest mean As levels found in&lt;em&gt; Leiognatus equulus&lt;/em&gt; fish i.e. 1.589 mg/kg and &lt;em&gt;Gafrarium tumidum&lt;/em&gt; shellfish i.e. 4.244 mg/kg of Untia coastal. The mean level of the carcinogenic risk for fish and shellfish consumption were unacceptable because they contain As that demonstrated value of more than exponent 4 (ECR &amp;gt; E-4) and non-carcinogenic risk mean level was value of more than 1 (RQ &amp;gt; 1). Fish and shellfish consumption considered unsafe and will impact health problems for the community. Community should be restrict the frequency and amount of fish and shellfish consumption.

Arsenic Exposure to Fish and Shellfish Consumption among Community in Makassar, Indonesia

Fish and shellfish contaminated by Arsenic (As) heavy metals from people activity discharge into the coast. Coastal community was exposure risk by As due to consumption of marine products. This study aimed to determine of human health risks level who consume fish and shellfish that contain As in Kaluku Bodoa and Untia coastal, Makassar. This research designed by observational and Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach. Human sample were 49 people and 8 environmental samples that selected based on certain criteria. Data collected through environmental assestment, interview and anthropometric data measurement. Data analyzed with EHRA methods. The results showed that the highest mean As levels found in &lt;em&gt;Leiognatus equulus&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;fish i.e. 1.589 mg/kg and &lt;em&gt;Gafrarium tumidum&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;shellfish i.e. 4.244 mg/kg of Untia coastal. The mean level of the carcinogenic risk for fish and shellfish consumption were unacceptable because they contain As that demonstrated value of more than exponent 4 (ECR &amp;gt; E-4) and non-carcinogenic risk mean level was value of more than 1 (RQ &amp;gt; 1). Fish and shellfish consumption considered unsafe and will impact health problems for the community. Community should be restrict the frequency and amount of fish and shellfish consumption.

시뮬레이션 환경에서 사진측량기법을 이용한 손 치수 측정 방법에 대한 연구

손 부위의 인체측정자료는 시용자중심 설계의 관점에서 수부와 관련된 다양한 제품의 설계에 중요한 요소이다. 전통적인 인체치수조사에서 측정자를 사용하는 직접측정법은 측정 시간의 누적, 원천 자료 미확보, 측정자간 신뢰도 등에 대한 단점을 가지고 있다. 이를 보완하기 위한 3D 스캐너는 고비용, 이동성 제한 등의 단점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 단점들을 보완할 수 있는 사진측량법에 의한 손 부위 인체측정자료의 효율적인 수집에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 직/간접 측정 결과의 비교 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 오차를 최소화하기 위하여 시뮬레이션 환경에서 직/간접 측정을 실시하였다. 사진측량법을 이용한 손 부위 인체치수의 측정 가능성을 확인하였다. Anthropometric data of the hand is one of the important issues for the product design related with hand and manual operation in terms of user-centered design. Direct measurement, which traditionally uses anthropometric measuring tool, has a few disadvantages in cumulation of measuring time, possible errors in raw data, doubtful reliability between inspectors. Newly introduced 3D scanning technology overcomes those disadvantages; however, another disadvantages, such as, hight cost and immovability, have been introduced. In this study, photogrammetric approach was introduced for the measurement of anthropometric data in hand. In order to minimize the possibility of error during direct and indirect measurement, a simulated object was used and effectiveness of photogrametric measurement was confirmed for the collection of anthropometric data in hand.

Cвязь Т455С полиморфизма гена аполипопротеина С-III с инсулинорезистентностью и компонентами метаболического синдрома

to study an association between T455C apolipoprotein C-III (apo C-III) gene polymorphism, insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in a Kyrgyz ethnic group.259 persons: 162 patients with MS and 97 sex and age matched controls without MS, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases were included in the study. Clinical examination with arterial blood pressure, anthropometric data measurement and laboratory tests for blood glucose and lipid parameters were performed in all included persons. In 140 patients test for immunoreactive serum insulin was done. DNA was extracted from blood cells and T455C polymorphism of apo C-III gene was determined by PCR method.In examined persons the most frequent was TC genotype as in group with MS as in controls. The difference on genotype's frequency between group was close to significant level (χ2 =5.48; p = 0.06) and odd ratio (OR) for MS between CC and TT carriers was 2.57 (95% CI 1.15-5.72); p = 0.019). Frequency of 455C allele in control group was--0.44 and in group with MS--0.54 (χ2 = 4.55; p = 0.036). In carriers of CC genotype there was noted that the frequency of IR (61.8% vs 23.1% vs 36.3%; p < 0.005), insulin level (11.9 [7.04-16.3] vs 5.73 [3.34-10.3] vs 7.54 [4.59-12.2] µIU/ml; p < 0.01) and HOMA index (3.14 [1.66-4.79] vs 1.46 [0.8-2.6] vs 2.05 [1.12-3.6]; p < 0.01) were significantly higher compared with TT and TC genotypes groups respectively. OR for IR between CC and TT carriers was 5.39 (95% CI 1.7-16.9; p = 0.0028). There also was an association between CC genotype and other MS components such as abdominal obesity (χ2--6.24; p--0.044, OR (95% CI--2.21 [1.03-4.82]) and high level of blood triglycerides (χ2--7.57; p--0.022, OR (95% CI) 2.5 [1.14-5.5]).In examined Kyrgyz ethnic population the most frequent was heterozygous TC genotype of T455C polymorphism of apo C-III. An association of 455C allele and CC genotype with MS, IR, abdominal obesity and high level of triglycerides was revealed. Key words: apolipoprotein C-III; T455C gene polymorphism; metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance.