Public Policy Measures Research Articles

Prevalence of knowledge and awareness about Helicobacter pylori infection among urban population of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

IntroductionThis cross-sectional study investigates the prevalence of knowledge and awareness of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among the urban population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The study is motivated by the need to understand the specific demographic segments within the urban setting and their awareness levels of this prevalent bacterial infection affecting the digestive system. MethodologyThe cross-sectional study, employing a purposive sampling method and involving 840 participants from major cities in the KSA, utilized a structured survey questionnaire to gather data on demographic factors, awareness levels, attitudes, and experiences related to H. pylori infection, with subsequent statistical analysis and adherence to ethical guidelines for participant confidentiality and privacy protection. ResultThe study involved 840 participants from major cities, revealing that 59.16% were aware of H. pylori. Demographic variations included higher participation from Jeddah and Riyadh, with the majority being females aged 18-25, Saudi nationals, and individuals with undergraduate education. About 57.02% reported experiencing suspected H. pylori symptoms, and 49.16% had prior infections, with varying severity. Hesitancy toward screening (42.61%), but 72.97% believed in preventability. Limited awareness of treatments (15.35%) and identification of factors like water and food were noted. Participants perceived the seriousness of H. pylori in the mid-range (5 to 7). ConclusionThe findings shed light on variations in awareness, knowledge gaps, and attitudes, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions, educational campaigns, and policy measures to address the challenges associated with H. pylori infections in urban areas.

The Prevalence of HIV Seroconversion in Healthcare Workers Following Sharp Injuries and Exposure to Biofluids.

Background and objective Workplace accidents (WPAs) are a common problem worldwide. They are often considered a public health concern due to the potential transmission of infections such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C through sharp devices or direct exposure to biofluids. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) has demonstrated effectiveness in such instances, especially immediately after exposure. The present study aimed to report the prevalence rate of HIV seroconversion following such exposure among healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving a database analysis of cases from 2015 to 2024. Central tendency measures were used to describe population characteristics, andrates were calculated using standard methods. Results A total of 514 HCWs were included in the study. The prevalence of WPAs was 13 per 100 HCWs. Regarding WPAs related to HIV exposure, the prevalence was 0.9 per 100 HCWs, with 0% seroconversion thanks to timely PEP. Conclusions WPAs related to HIV exposure are a serious issue for public health systems worldwide. Although protocols are available and no seroconversion cases were reported in the present study, PEP is not always accessible in several settings, increasing the risk of seroconversion. International public policy measures should be uniformly implemented to provide faster access to prophylaxis, educate the personnel, raise awareness about bloodborne diseases, and reduce excessive red tape.

“Green” business in agricultural sector of Kazakhstan: socio-economic and environmental stability

The goal is to show the advantages and opportunities of “green” business in agriculture. One of the main directions of implementation of the Action Plan for the implementation of the Concept of transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to “green” economy for 2021-2030 is to solve the problems of ensuring food security, increasing soil fertility, using innovative, resource-saving technologies, combating the destruction of biodiversity, etc. Methods - the article analyzed statistical data series, studied the scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers. Results - the main elements of organizing “green” activities in agricultural sector are identified and factors contributing to the expansion of the scope of ecological farming, “green” technologies, development of research projects, and creation of jobs for development of sustainable agricultural production are considered as condition for the supply of high-quality and healthy food products, maintaining a balance of renewable and non-renewable resources, minimizing harm to ecosystems. Promising directions for functioning of agribusiness during transformation to “green” economy are outlined. Conclusions - regions need to develop strategy that will improve the state of the environment and improve the level and quality of life of the population. The main principle of “green” entrepreneurship is expanding zones of organic agricultural production and increasing export of environmentally friendly products, stimulating the influx of investments, introducing certification, labeling and marketing strategies, cooperation with international organizations and research centers. For these purposes, effective and efficient public policy measures are required. Using integrated approach based on digital economy will reduce costs, increase investment attractiveness, reduce production costs and attract agricultural producers to agribusiness.

Corporate social responsibility, policy framing and strategic marketing: understanding the alcohol industry’s use of social media in Uganda

BackgroundSub-Saharan Africa is important to the future of alcohol and global health because the alcohol market there is expanding rapidly in a relatively young population. This entails a corresponding contest about whether the policy measures adopted will be shaped by scientific evidence or by industry interference in alcohol policy. This study examines how alcohol industry actors use social media.MethodsUganda was selected for study because of high levels of alcohol harm and recent alcohol policy debates. Data on the X (formerly Twitter) activity of the Ugandan companies of AB InBev and Diageo, who are the two main brewers, and the trade association including both, were collected, coded and thematically analysed.ResultsX is used overwhelmingly by alcohol industry actors in Uganda to promote corporate social responsibility (CSR) and alcohol policy framing content. There is little direct product marketing. The framing of policy problems and solutions, and of the actors involved in policymaking and CSR resembles that used elsewhere in the political strategies of the transnational alcohol corporations. Content which appears more emphasised in Uganda includes material on farmers, illicit trade and contribution to the economy. As elsewhere, it avoids giving attention to the policy measures which would make a difference to the levels of alcohol harms endured by Uganda. Rhetorically, X is thus used to create a parallel universe, in which the actual harms and what is known about how to reduce them are conspicuous by their absence.ConclusionsThe alcohol industry presents itself as indispensable to Uganda’s future and appears to have developed relationships with politicians, partnerships with government, and built a coalition with farmers. This means the alcohol industry may be well positioned to oppose public health policy measures, even though their arguments lack substance and are at odds with the evidence.

Gender differences in COVID-19 preventative measures and vaccination rates in the United States: A longitudinal survey analysis

BackgroundPandemics present challenges for individuals as they face uncertainties, risks, and decisions which influence their attitudes towards public health interventions. This study investigates gender differences in attitudes towards COVID-19 preventive measures and vaccination intentions in the United States, focusing on the link between risk perception and attitudes towards public health guidelines. MethodsWe utilised data from the Understanding America Study, a nationally representative longitudinal survey of U.S. adults from March 2020 to March 2022 to assess how gender differences in health risk perception were associated with attitudes, behaviours, and vaccination intentions, while also evaluating how these gender effects changed over time. We used multilevel logistic regression models to adjust for age, level of education, employment status and income. ResultsWomen had a higher risk perception of COVID-19 and exhibited greater compliance with preventive measures compared to men. Women also showed higher agreement with COVID-19 restraining public policy measures. However, this contrasted with attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine, where men displayed more positive views and a higher intention to receive the vaccine. This gender effect was persistent over time. ConclusionsThis seemingly paradoxical outcome suggests that while women’s heightened risk perception relative to men’s leads to greater adherence to non-pharmaceutical COVID-19 preventative public health interventions, it may also result in more negative views towards the novel COVID-19 vaccine. Understanding the complex interactions between risk perception, behaviour, and gender can inform policymakers and health authorities to tailor interventions that address the diverse needs of the population.

Environmental exposure and respiratory health: Unraveling the impact of toxic release inventory facilities on COPD prevalence

This cross-sectional geospatial analysis explores the prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) concerning the proximity to toxic release inventory (TRI) facilities in Jefferson County, Alabama. Employing the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP), the study evaluates COPD prevalence, comorbidities, healthcare access, and individual health assessments. Given the mounting evidence linking environmental pollutants to COPD exacerbations, the research probes the influence of TRI sites on respiratory health, integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to scrutinize the geospatial vulnerability of communities neighboring TRI sites. Socio-demographic disparities, economic conditions, and air pollution are emphasized in the analysis. The EPA's Toxic Release Inventory serves as the cornerstone for assessing the association between TRI proximity and COPD prevalence. The analysis uncovers a notable inverse correlation between distance from TRI sites and COPD prevalence, signaling potential health risks for populations residing closer to these facilities. Moreover, factors such as minority status, low income, and air pollution are associated with higher COPD prevalence, underscoring the imperative of comprehending the interplay between environmental exposure and respiratory health. This study bridges gaps in the literature by addressing the geographical nexus between COPD prevalence and pollution exposure. By leveraging FAHP, the research furnishes a holistic understanding of the multifaceted factors influencing vulnerability to COPD. The findings underscore the necessity for targeted public health interventions and policy measures to redress environmental disparities and alleviate the repercussions of TRI facilities on respiratory health.

Assessment of the Dynamics of Structural Changes in the Socio-Economic Environment and Their Typology in the Context of a Statistical Approach

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the documentation for assessing the dynamics of structural changes in the socio-economic environment and their typology. The relevance of the study is related to the problems of reflecting the socio-economic environment, which affect the efficiency of economic activity. To address these issues, many regions of the country have adopted regional development strategies for the period up to 2030, which correspond to the national development goals of the Russian Federation. Various approaches of scientists to determining the essence and significance of the socio-economic environment, which is defined as a set of conditions and factors that influence all sectors of the economy, are studied.Methods: structural, index, comparative estimates and methodology of the system of national accounts.Results: the article uses a digital meter as a reproduction of the population and gross regional product (GRP), which objectively reflect the structural changes and typologies of the regions. GRP is calculated by types of economic activity, at the stages of: production, income generation and final consumption of households 2012-2021. Typologies of the Ural regions have been developed according to the following criteria: specialization of the economy, the position of the region in production, by types of primary income and final consumption of households per capita.Conclusion: the advantage of the statistical approach of studying the assessment of the dynamics of structural changes in the socio-economic environment and their typology allows us to get a more objective idea of the prevailing trends and the state of the regional economy. The results obtained made it possible to formulate a methodological basis for future scientific research in the field of structural changes in the meso-environment and socio-economic behavior of the population. They can also be used as a methodological basis for the development of public policy measures and strategies for sustainable development of territories in the future.

The costs of job loss and task usage: Do social tasks soften the drop?

AbstractDo different tasks shield differently from the scarring effects of job loss? This study examines how the effects of job loss depend on task usage. We use Finnish linked employer–employee data from 2001 to 2016, representative survey data on task usage, and plant closures to identify individuals who involuntarily lose their jobs. We find that heterogeneity in the cost of job loss is linked to task usage. Workers in more social task-intensive origin jobs have smaller employment and earnings losses, whereas workers in routine jobs face larger wage losses. The probability of being employed is 8.3 pp higher (3.9 pp lower) per one standard deviation higher than mean social (routine) task usage 1 year after the job loss event. We also find that workers with longer tenure face larger losses and that task usage contributes more to their losses. The results show that the costs of job loss depend on task usage in the origin job. Public policy measures should be targeted at employees in routine-intensive jobs, since they face the largest losses.

Racial capitalism and COVID-19

The aim of this article is to revisit the racial disparities in health outcomes from COVID-19 and to problematize the overly simplified attribution of these numbers to race. This article calls for a deeper understanding of society’s wider economic arrangements in which these racial disparities are produced. It considers why a proposed public-policy measure that targeted racism—though without substantively accounting for the underlying form of capitalism through which it materializes—in an effort to remediate the differential health outcomes from COVID-19 between whites and racialized others was problematic and incomplete. Such an approach neither sufficiently accounted for structural conditions that led vulnerable racial minorities to develop comorbidities at a much higher rate than the local white population nor did it explain the labor market dynamics that resulted in vulnerable racial minorities being more likely to be employed in low-paid, frontline work as compared to white workers, which made the most effective way by which to avoid contracting the virus (i.e., physical distancing) all but impossible. This article finds that should the unsettling numbers related to the racial health disparities that unfolded during the pandemic be analyzed from a critical perspective, it would show how race is a cog in the machinery of neoliberalism, which culminates in racial capitalism. Specifically, racial capitalism fosters the economic stratification necessary to yield the consequences it had in terms of disparities in health outcomes from COVID-19. This article uses COVID-19 to illuminate how racism and capitalism function symbiotically to organize society, and responding to the former is perfunctory without interrogating the latter.

Threats to economic security from the implementation of derivative investment projects in the field of protection of transport infrastructure facilities

Subject. The article addresses economic relations between investors and other entities involved in the protection of transport infrastructure facilities. Objectives. The aim is to identify new threats to economic security from the implementation of derivative investment projects in the field of protection of transport infrastructure facilities. Methods. The research employs systems approach, logical and comparative analysis, induction and deduction. The information base of the study rests on open data from Rosavtodor, Rosmorrechflot, Roszheldor, Rosaviation, accounting statements provided by enterprises and organizations, and materials on the results of analytical surveys of transport security workers conducted by Finnauchprosvet Association, in which more than 1,000 people participated. Results. The existence of derivative investment projects in the field of protection of transport infrastructure facilities and vehicles from acts of unlawful interference is indirectly confirmed at facilities for protection of public roads, marine and river transport. Investments in human capital in the context of formation and implementation of derivative investment projects in areas where the share of human resources exceeds 90% are absolutely ineffective and carry the risks of multiplying negative consequences from the implementation of derivative investment projects. A potentially effective measure to deter threats to economic security from the implementation of derivative investment projects in the field of object protection is a significant increase in the cost of control by the State and business. Conclusions. The sphere of protection of transport infrastructure facilities is not ready to expand due to unresolved problems of formation and development of derivative investment projects. The expansion process will entail a serious increase in threats to economic security. Based on the findings, public policy measures can be developed to ensure transport security from the perspective of economic security threats.

Analysis of the dynamics and structure of greenhouse gas emissions in Russian agriculture

The problem of assessing the carbon footprint in the economy has recently received much attention in many countries around the world, including Russia. Given the importance of the problem of climate change, the urgent task is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to achieve international climate goals outlined by the Paris Climate Agreement and the Strategy for the socio-economic development of a country with low greenhouse gas emissions until 2050.Currently, the main global trend in the development of economic sectors is the implementation of ESG principles and a focus on the use of energy-saving technologies, therefore, special attention in all sectors of the economy is paid to the issues of accounting for greenhouse gas emissions and assessing their impact on climate change. Accounting, monitoring and justification of directions for reducing the carbon footprint is also an important task in the context of the formation of the Green Economy. Agriculture is in third place in terms of emissions after energy sector and industry sector. Regular monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions by source is necessary to effectively address the emissions problem and develop cost-effective public policy measures to ensure sustainable agricultural development and develop export potential.The purpose of the study is a comprehensive study of the volumes and sources of greenhouse gas emissions, the role of agriculture in the formation of the carbon footprint. The study examines in detail the volume and structure of greenhouse gas emissions in long-term dynamics for 1990–2022. The use of a number of statistical methods made it possible to establish a reduction in emissions in the agricultural sector, which is explained by a sharp reduction in resource potential and the increased use of resource-saving technologies in recent years.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ЦИФРОВОГО НЕРАВЕНСТВА В СТРАНАХ ВОСТОЧНОЙ АЗИИ

The purpose of the article is to identify trends in the spread of digital inequality in East Asian countries (using the example of China, Mongolia, the Republic of Korea and Japan). The analysis indicates the uneven development of the digital economy within the studied geographical macroregion. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the pandemic has become a catalyst for increasing demand for digital technologies and stimulated the processes of digital transformation. However, the uneven access to information and communication technologies (ICT) characteristic of East Asian countries has led to a further deepening of the digital divide both within the macroregion and between individual countries. In rural areas of China, Japan and Mongolia, where access to ICT is limited, the opportunities for full integration into a digital society are significantly lower than for the urban population. The Governments of East Asian countries are pursuing policies to reduce the digital divide, which indicates a possible reduction in the inequality of access to ICT in the future. Secondly, there is a gap in the quality of information and communication technology use in East Asian countries. A significant part of the population prefers to use the Internet for entertainment purposes, which does not contribute to full integration into the digital ecosystem and prevents the even distribution of benefits from digital transformation. With the increasing complexity of digital products, this gap tends to increase. Thirdly, the existing differences in economic development, educational resources and socio-cultural factors, such as, for example, age, are sources of the spread of digital inequality in the studied macroregion. This type of inequality is typical for all the countries studied. It is predicted that this inequality will increase due to the constant complexity of digital tools and deeper integration of advanced regions into digital ecosystems. It is concluded that the basis for overcoming digital inequality is to ensure access of the population of rural regions to ICT in combination with public policy measures aimed at developing the necessary skills of using digital technologies among the population.

From boom to transformation: assessing the paradigm shift in public policies for the Social Economy in South Korea

ABSTRACT This study examines the evolution of public policies for the social economy (SE) sector in South Korea. By employing qualitative analysis methods, the study comprehensively assesses 1,036 public policy measures, covering various types of SE organizations. The findings indicate a paradigm shift towards transformative policies, reflecting the movement into a new generation of SE policy. It also highlights the emergence of ‘New Public Governance’, characterized by pluralistic approaches in public management. This study enhances the understanding of government-led policies in the SE and their potential impacts, offering valuable insights for policymakers.

За гранью нормальности: особенности структуры экономической деятельности в арктических городах и поселках

High transportation costs and the narrowness of the local market limit the development of Arctic cities, especially remote ones. However, specific demand for unique goods and services (including the so-called development services) and production of goods and services that are impractical/impossible to deliver from more southern areas (especially in the early stages of development) due to transport isolation contribute to the economic diversification of Arctic cities. The article aims to identify special mechanisms for the formation of economic activity in remote settlements. The study solves the following tasks: 1) theoretical substantiation of economic development factors in Arctic cities; 2) selection of indicators to assess the diversity of economic activities in remote settlements of the Russian Arctic; 3) analysis of the obtained results. The variety of economic activities of small settlements depends on the distance to the nearest larger settlement. Some remote towns and villages of Yakutia, Chukotka, etc., with a population of about 5,000 inhabitants (or even less) are characterised by a moderately increased diversity of economic activities in terms of both the total number of enterprises and organisations per 1,000 inhabitants and the number of types of economic activity (OKVED codes) per 1,000 inhabitants. According to the study, small settlements in remote conditions perform urban functions typical of larger cities in normal conditions, acting as economic and socio-cultural centres of the surrounding areas, in fact, as the base settlements of the Arctic. The expansion of the functions of small remote settlements plays an important role in the development of the urban network of the Arctic and the North. The findings can be used to create public policy measures in relation to the base settlements of the Russian Arctic.

Diagnóstico da gestão municipal no Chile: evidências da percepção dos principais atores

Abstract This research analyzes the quality management model aimed at improving the performance of local governments in Chile, an instrument promoted by the central government through the Undersecretary of Regional and Administrative Development (SUBDERE). For this study, a survey of primary information was carried out through interviews and focus groups with key informants. These participants included academics, experts, SUBDERE officials, municipal officials, and representatives of associations of municipalities. The information obtained was analyzed through the QDA ATLAS.ti software, using categories identified in the documentary review process and the primary review of the interviews and focus groups. Based on the data analyzed, we reviewed the specialized literature for elements that help to explain why a policy remains in force even though there is evidence that it does not contribute to improving the management and services of Chilean municipalities. In addition, we discussed the negative impact of this type of policy and the contradictory perceptions of both the beneficiaries and the many actors involved in the adoption and use of the quality management mode under analysis. Finally, we suggest public policy measures associated with implementing a comprehensive management system through collaborative and intergovernmental processes complemented with quality controls that optimize and modernize municipal management.

Правовые аспекты использования эпигенетической информации: вопросы конфиденциальности, дискриминации и личной ответственности

Introduction: the article provides an overview of the legal, ethical, and social aspects of the epigenetic research development in the context of personalized medicine and the healthcare system as a whole. The authors address the issue of confidentiality of epigenetic information and assess the scale of its impact on the principle of patient autonomy. Purpose: to study the problematic aspects of using epigenetic information associated with the risks of discrimination, re-identification of donors of clinical samples, and the uncertainty of epigenetic predictors. Methods: traditional theoretical and empirical methods. Results: the study has revealed the specific nature of epigenetic information as a means of characterizing the relationship between lifestyle and environmental factors that influence human health and behavior. The paper also proves that there is differentiation in the understanding of epigenetic information among different population groups and uneven access to epigenetic data. Conclusions: Epigenetics is a promising area for the integration of public policy measures aimed at creating a more advanced health care and health insurance system. Epigenetic information, directly affecting the principle of patient autonomy, requires increased guarantees of legal protection.

Resources and barriers to the development of internal tourism in Russian regions: evidence from Dagestan

Since 2020, local tourism in Russian regions has been considered one of possible drivers of economic growth. However, it is not entirely clear why the tourism sector is growing in the regions that are considered unfavorable for business enterprises. This article aims to examine and describe the factors contributing to the establishment of tourist firms in new tourist regions and the obstacles that stand in the way of developing hospitality industry. The article presents the results of a field study conducted among representatives of tourism industry in Dagestan. In the course of work, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 entrepreneurs from different market segments and stages of tourist product creation: the organizers of guided tours, hotel owners, guest houses, and restaurants, as well as with state representatives. Field study shows that human resources and social capital is the most important resource used to build tourism business in Dagestan, as well as the availability of customer base. Physical capital is crucial only for opening tourist accommodations. At the same time, as the industry develops, more and more resources are needed to enter the market. The main barriers to tourism development are insufficient human resources and infrastructure and the loss of some sales channels in 2022. Current policy in promoting tourism development in the North Caucasus is not achieving its goals, representatives of the industry perceive the support provided as insufficient. The results of the study show that new tourist regions, where mass tourist flow appeared only with the beginning of the pandemic, may face a shortage of transport and sanitary infrastructure, and personnel training system. Thus, public policy measures aimed at eliminating these problems could be particularly effective.

Is socioeconomic residential segregation associated with sleep problems? Insights from ELSA-Brasil

Several factors influence sleep, which is essential for health. While the role of neighborhood socioeconomic context on sleep health has been studied in recent years, results are inconsistent. The study aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic residential segregation and sleep problems, using data from the second evaluation (2012-2014) of 9,918 public servants participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Socioeconomic residential segregation was assessed using the Getis-Ord Local Gi* statistic. Sleep duration and deprivation, complaints of insomnia, and daytime sleepiness were obtained through interviews. Binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR). Regarding sleep, 49% had short duration and 3% long duration, 23% reported complaints of insomnia, 45% sleep deprivation, 42% daytime sleepiness, and 48% reported ≥ 2 sleep problems. In the model adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic variables, there was an association between high socioeconomic residential segregation and short sleep duration (OR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.07; 1.40), sleep deprivation (OR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.05; 1.37), daytime sleepiness (OR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.03; 1.34) and ≥ 2 associated sleep problems (OR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.08; 1.41). Individuals living in neighborhoods with high socioeconomic residential segregation are more likely to have short sleep duration, sleep deprivation, daytime sleepiness, and ≥ 2 associated sleep problems. This information reinforces that public policy measures to reduce socioeconomic inequalities can improve the population's sleep health.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ

Significance. Public health is defined as a medical and social resource that ensures national security and potential for socio-economic development of the country. The possibilities of state management of public health as a medical and social resource are limited by the lack of methodology for assessing determinants that affect it. The presented study outlines the conceptual framework for defining determinants of public health from the standpoint of the risk-based approach to its protection, as well as its components of labor, military, reproductive, and reserve resources. Developing a concept of public health management serves as a theoretical justification of public policy measures to develop strategies to control the risks of reducing the quality of public health. The purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual framework for defining determinants of public health. Material and methods. When developing the conceptual framework, the provisions of the following standards have been used: GOST R ISO 31000-2019 standard “Risk management. principles and guidelines”, WHO standard “The urban health index”, GOST R ISO/TS 21667-2009 standard “Health informatics. A conceptual model of health indicators”, as well as “Glossary of health promotion terms”, 2021 by the World Health Organization. The study presents the procedure for identifying risk factors, differentiating them by types of determinants and controlling the risks for the loss of public health under the influence of these determinants. Factors can be identified based on expert assessments, as well as confirmed statistical significance of the factors. Results. The possibilities of public health management are limited by the lack of a comprehensive methodology for measuring determinants of public health. The authors evaluate a set of determinants of public health, including social, biological, behavioral, medical, and environmental determinants. The article has developed a four-stage model for identifying factors that contribute to public health strengthening and risk factors for the loss of public health. A set of unique factors should be identified for each determinant of public health. Conclusion. The developed conceptual framework for defining determinants of public health is focused on the fact that the determinants of public health should be correlated with the components of public health as a medical and social resource that ensures attainment of the strategically important national security goals: national defense capability, viability, reproduction, and protection of society. It is necessary to consider territorial differences in the set of risk factors associated with the causes of loss of public health, as well as changes in their significance depending on the state of determinants, the period of society's life, including the period of pre-crisis, crisis and sustainable development. Scope of application. The determinants of public health should be considered as a methodological basis for the development of strategies to improve public health in the interests of the national security. Developing a list of public health risk factors and a list of factors contributing to its growth plays an essential role in improving effectiveness of strategic planning tools for this resource.

РОЛЬ ГОСУДАРСТВА В ПРОДВИЖЕНИИ ПРОГРАММ ЗДОРОВОГО ПИТАНИЯ: МИРОВОЙ ОПЫТ

The article is devoted to the analysis of public policy measures to promote the principles of healthy eating among the population, which has become an integral part of the daily activities of public authorities and local governments in many developed countries. The authors identify the key determinants of people's dietary patterns; explore foreign experience of effective management decisions on changing the eating behavior of population of different countries (including economic, financial, educational, administrative and legislative mechanisms); present a typology of public policy measures available to the state to encourage the population to eat healthily (both at the federal and regional levels); identify the most effective of them. The possibilities of applying international experience in modern Russian realities are discussed and recommendations are formulated for improving public policy aimed at forming a model of healthy nutrition for Russians.