Measures Of Body Dissatisfaction Research Articles

Exploring the moderating roles of dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility in the association between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in Chinese adolescents.

Previous research suggests potential moderating roles of dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility in the association between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, relevant research is mainly conducted on adult women from Western countries, and limited evidence exists for adolescent samples, especially from non-Western contexts (e.g., China). Thus, this study aimed to examine the moderating roles of dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in Chinese adolescents. We recruited 545 Chinese adolescents (53.9% boys, aged 12-16 years) who completed measures of body dissatisfaction, dispositional mindfulness, body image flexibility, and disordered eating. Moderation analyses were examined with PROCESS macro on SPSS. In separate models, both higher dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility weakened relationships between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, when both dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility were entered into the same moderation model, only body image flexibility showed a significant moderating effect. Both dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility may weakenthe association between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in adolescents. However, body image flexibility might have a stronger effect than dispositional mindfulness. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing body dissatisfaction to prevent disordered eating in adolescents may pay more attention to adolescents' body image flexibility.

Starving off death: Mortality salience impacts women’s body image and disordered eating

From a Terror Management perspective, the pursuit of thinness that characterizes eating disorders (EDs) is arguably a culturally endorsed way to mitigate death anxiety. In the present studies, we used the mortality salience (MS) paradigm to examine whether priming death increases ED symptoms. We recruited two samples of women from undergraduate (Study 1, N = 120), and clinically relevant (Study 2, N = 154) populations. After priming, participants completed measures of potential confounds (e.g., neuroticism, affect). Next, we assessed ED attitudes and behavior using a portion size estimation task, and measures of body dissatisfaction and eating intention. Study 1 findings were inconsistent with the claimed role of death anxiety in ED related behavior. However, in Study 2, MS priming led to increased dissatisfaction with current thinness and smaller portion sizes for high-fat compared to low-fat food. Overall, the results suggest that death anxiety may, at least partially, drive ED symptoms.

Validation of the translated Negative Physical Self Scale in a sample of Asian women living in Canada.

Body dissatisfaction is often linked to the internalization of Western beauty standards. Existing measures of body dissatisfaction, developed in Western societies, may fail to capture complex variations across ethnicities and cultures. The Negative Physical Self Scale (NPSS) assesses cognitive, affective, perceptual, and behavioural facets of body dissatisfaction. While unique in its consideration of Chinese ideals of body image, the NPSS has recently been translated and validated in a North American sample. The English-translated version of the NPSS has the potential to be an appropriate body dissatisfaction assessment tool for Asian women living in North America. The current study aims to validate the NPSS in an Asian female population living in Canada. A sample of 899 undergraduate women residing in Canada with self-identified Asian ethnicity completed an online survey consisting of the NPSS and other measures of body dissatisfaction. An initial confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the four-factor structure of the NPSS, previously suggested in a primarily non-Asian North American sample, was a poor fit for the data. A second-order multidimensional model, based on a model proposed during the original development of the NPSS in a Chinese sample, indicated good fit once items were removed due to loadings < .60. High internal consistency between subscales and strong convergent validity with other measures were demonstrated. Notably, the NPSS Body Concern subscale demonstrated high convergence with other popular measures of body dissatisfaction and has the potential for use as a brief measure of body dissatisfaction among North American Asian females in clinical and research settings. The NPSS provides a valid assessment of body dissatisfaction among a sample of Asian women living in Canada, a specific subpopulation that has not been previously investigated. The findings highlight the importance of developing culturally sensitive measures of body dissatisfaction for differing ethnic and cultural groups.

Inpatient hospital course and self-reported symptomatology in underweight adults with ARFID compared to age- and sex-matched controls with anorexia nervosa

ObjectiveAvoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) has similar prevalence to anorexia nervosa (AN) in adults, but research in this population is lacking. Although inpatient or residential treatment involving nutritional rehabilitation is increasingly recommended for malnourished individuals with ARFID, best practices remain poorly defined. Existing studies on self-reported symptomatology and treatment course and outcome are primarily in child and adolescent cohorts and demonstrate inconsistent findings. This study aimed to compare hospital course and self-reported symptomatology of underweight adult inpatients with ARFID and sex- and age-matched patients with AN.MethodUnderweight adult patients with ARFID or AN admitted to a specialized, hospital-based behavioral treatment program completed measures of body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, bulimic symptoms, anxiety, depression, and personality traits. Demographic and treatment course data were abstracted from electronic medical records. Patients with ARFID (n = 69) were matched to those with AN (n = 69) based on sex and age.ResultsAdults with ARFID were closer to target weight at admission, but gained weight at a slower rate, were discharged at lower BMI, and were less likely to reach target weight by discharge than adults with AN. Patients with ARFID reported less weight and shape-related eating disorder, state anxiety, and depression symptoms and lower neuroticism.DiscussionAdults with ARFID progress through treatment more slowly and achieve less favorable weight outcomes by hospital discharge than patients with AN, but long-term outcomes are unclear. Describing clinical presentations and course of illness of adult ARFID may help inform treatment protocols.

Body Dissatisfaction and Restricted Diet in Chinese Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Body dissatisfaction and restricted diet frequently co-occur among adolescents. However, the exact temporal relationship between the two is unclear. Furthermore, most relevant studies concentrate on Western cultural backgrounds, with only a few investigations conducted in many non-Western developing countries, including China. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mutual relationship between body dissatisfaction and restricted diet among Chinese adolescents. We recruited a sample of 672 middle school students from China (358 females, mean age = 14.33±0.94) and collected self-reported measures of body dissatisfaction and restricted diet at three-time points (with a five-month interval between each). We used cross-lagged models to examine the bidirectional relationship between body dissatisfaction and restricted diet. (1) Both cross-sectional and cross-lagged correlation analysis showed positive correlation between body dissatisfaction and restricted diet (r=0.29-0.36; r=0.25-0.35, Ps<0.001); (2) The cross-lagged effect of body dissatisfaction on restricted diet was significant (β=0.09, 0.13, Ps<0.01), and vice versa (β=0.20, 0.18, Ps<0.001); (3) The differences in the associations between body dissatisfaction and restricted diet across gender were found. There is a bidirectional relationship between adolescents' body dissatisfaction and restricted diet. Our findings enrich the existing literature on body image and dietary health, thereby contributing to the reduction of negative body image and disordered eating among adolescents.

Body dissatisfaction and selective attention to thin-ideal bodies: The moderating role of attentional control

It has been widely hypothesised that elevated body dissatisfaction is characterised by a biased pattern of attentional selectivity that reflects increased attention to stimuli portraying the thin-ideal. Empirical evidence in support of this notion, however, has been inconsistent. The current study aimed to examine the potential moderating role of attentional control in the association between body dissatisfaction and selective attentional responding to thin-ideal bodies. Female undergraduate students (N = 232) completed a self-report measure of body dissatisfaction followed by performance-based measures of attentional control and selective attention. Results provided support for the moderating role of attentional control. Specifically, a positive association between body dissatisfaction and biased selective attention towards thin-ideal bodies was evident only amongst individuals with relatively low levels of attentional control. A general association between body dissatisfaction and selective attention was not observed. These findings may explain previous inconsistent findings and highlight the importance of considering the potential role of attentional control in the expression of body dissatisfaction-linked attentional responding to thin-ideal bodies.

Psychometric properties of the Italian body shape questionnaire: an investigation of its reliability, factorial, concurrent, and criterion validity

PurposeThis study was set up to investigate the reliability, factorial, concurrent, and criterion validity of the Italian version of the 34-item Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and its shorter versions.MethodsThe study included 231 patients diagnosed with an eating disorder and 58 putatively healthy people (comparison sample). The Italian BSQ-34 was administered to participants together with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Information on body mass index, caloric intake at baseline, and the number of episodes of self-vomiting per week was also acquired.ResultsCronbach’s alpha of BSQ-34 was 0.971 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.965–0.976) in patients and 0.960 (0.944–0.974) in controls. Test–retest stability in patients (n = 69), measured with intraclass correlation coefficient, was 0.987 (0.983–0.991). Confirmatory factor analysis of the single-factor model yielded acceptable fit for all versions of the BSQ. On all BSQ versions, patients scored higher than controls with a large effect size when calculated as Cliff’s delta. BMI and mean caloric intake at baseline had a stronger association with BSQ-34 than levels of anxiety and depression. The analysis with the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve showed that the BSQ-34 distinguished patients with an eating disorder from controls with good accuracy (Area Under the Curve = 86.5; 95% CI 82.2–90.7).ConclusionThe Italian version of the BSQ possesses good psychometric properties, in both the long and the shortened versions, and it can be applied to measure body dissatisfaction for both clinical and research purposes.Level of evidenceLevel III, Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.

Factorial validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of the Negative Physical Self Scale in a sample of men residing in North America.

The Negative Physical Self Scale (NPSS) is a measure of body dissatisfaction that was developed for administration within an Asian sample and has recently been translated to English and validated for use in North American female samples. The aim of the present study was to examine the factor structure and measurement invariance of the English-translated version of the NPSS across three ethnic groups (i.e., Caucasian, Asian, and other) using a sample of men residing in North America. Additionally, the internal consistency, convergent validity, and incremental validity of the NPSS were examined. A sample of 534 young (aged between 18 and 25) North American men completed self-report measures of the NPSS, the Body Shape Questionnaire, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, and the Male Body Attitudes Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on two hypothesized models. The results supported the second-order factor structure (four factors with three subdimensions). Overall, we found that the factor structure and factor loadings of the NPSS were equal in participants across three broad ethnic categories (i.e., Caucasian, Asian, and other). Likewise, the NPSS displayed first-order scalar invariance. Further, the NPSS test scores demonstrated high internal consistency, strong convergent validity, and incremental validity over and above the existing measures of body dissatisfaction, body attitudes, and disordered eating. In sum, the English version of the NPSS is a valid and appropriate measure to assess body dissatisfaction in men residing in North America. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Associations between body dissatisfaction and relationship functioning among same-sex female couples: An actor-partner interdependence model.

Nearly all past research about body dissatisfaction and romantic relationship factors is among heterosexual couples; little is known about these associations in sexual minority couples. The present study aimed to fill gaps in the current literature by using actor-partner interdependence models (APIMs) to examine dyadic patterns of association between body dissatisfaction and different aspects of relationship functioning among same-sex female couples. Participants were 163 same-sex female romantic dyads (326 women) between the ages of 18-35 years who completed measures of body dissatisfaction and relationship factors. Results from significance testing of actor and partner effects indicated higher levels of women's own body dissatisfaction were associated with lower levels of their own, but not their partner's, relationship satisfaction, closeness, sexual satisfaction, and intimacy/connectedness. Significance testing alone indicated that the association between one's own body dissatisfaction and their partner's relationship satisfaction was not significant. However, dyadic pattern testing identified a partner pattern for this effect, which suggests that the association between one's own body dissatisfaction and one's own relationship satisfaction is similar in magnitude and direction as that between an individuals' own body dissatisfaction and their partner's relationship satisfaction. In this study, women's own body dissatisfaction was found to be negatively associated with their own relationship functioning, which is consistent with findings of women in male-female couples. Thus, these findings highlight the important role that body dissatisfaction plays in women's relationship experiences. More research is needed to better understand potential cross-partner effects of body dissatisfaction and relationship factors in same-sex female couples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Prevalence of eating disorders in adolescent girls in Siberia

IntroductionEating disorders (ED) are an urgent public health problem, however, many adolescents with clinical symptoms fail to meet stringent diagnostic criteria.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) and subthreshold eating disorders (SED) in adolescent girls.MethodsA cross-sectional study of girls attending secondary schools (n = 917) was carried out. The sample comprised of 18.3% early adolescents (aged 12-13), 51% middle adolescents (aged 14-15), and 30.6% late adolescents (aged 16-17). We used the Body Image and Eating Distress scale (Koskelainen et al., 2001) coded on a 1-3 scale. The answers were scored on a scale of 1-3. Adolescents scoring 12 or above on four items measuring body dissatisfaction were considered as dissatisfied with their bodies and were further divided into two subgroups: girls scoring 10 or above on three items measuring eating distress were considered as having ED, whereas girls scoring less than 10 were considered as having SED.ResultsThe prevalence of ED was 2.1% (CI 1.4-3.3), the prevalence of SED was 9.6% (CI 7.8-11.7). In early adolescence, the prevalence of SED was 1.6% (CI 0.9-2.7). In middle adolescence, the prevalence of SED was 5.1% (CI 3.9-6.7), the prevalence of ED was 0.9% (CI 0.5-1.8). In late adolescence, the prevalence of SED was 2.8% (CI 1.9-4.1), the prevalence of ED was 1.2% (CI 0.7-2.1).ConclusionsIn adolescent girls, the SED are 4.6 times commoner than overt above-threshold ED. During adolescence, the prevalence of SED decreases, while the prevalence of ED increases with age.DisclosureThe reported study was funded by grant RNF according to the research project № 21-15-00033

Examining the Conceptual and Measurement Overlap of Body Dissatisfaction and Internalized Weight Stigma in Predominantly Female Samples: A Meta-Analysis and Measurement Refinement Study.

Both body dissatisfaction and internalized weight stigma have been identified as risk factors for many negative health outcomes for women, including depression and eating disorders. In addition to these contributions, these concepts have been found to overlap to various degrees in existing literature. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on articles published prior to February 2022 to demonstrate the conceptual and measurement overlap between body dissatisfaction and internalized weight stigma as currently quantified. We identified 48 studies examining the interrelation between body dissatisfaction and internalized weight stigma in predominantly female samples. Stronger correlations between these two constructs, some bordering on multicollinearity, were prevalent in community samples compared to clinical samples and with some but not all the commonly used measures in the body image and weight stigma fields. Body mass index (BMI) moderated these relations such that individuals with higher self-reported BMI were more likely to report lower correlations between the constructs. This concept proliferation, stronger for individuals with lower BMIs and community samples, necessitates the need change how we conceptualize and measure body dissatisfaction and internalized weight stigma. To this end, we conducted study two to refine existing measures and lessen the degree of measurement overlap between internalized weight stigma and body dissatisfaction, particularly in community samples of women. We aimed to clarify the boundaries between these two concepts, ensuring measurement error is better accounted for. Female university students completed existing measures of body satisfaction and internalized weight stigma, which were analyzed using an exploratory followed by a confirmatory factor analysis. In our attempts to modify two existing measures of internalized weight stigma and body dissatisfaction, the majority of the internalized weight stigma items were retained. In contrast, most of the body dissatisfaction items either cross-loaded onto both factors or loaded on to the internalized weight stigma factor despite being intended for the body dissatisfaction factor, suggesting that the measurement issues identified in recent prior research may be due not only to the way we conceptualize and quantify weight stigma, but also the ways in which we quantify body dissatisfaction, across the existing corpus of body dissatisfaction scales.

Body image and quality of life in women with breast cancer: Appreciating the body and its functionality

Women with breast cancer often experience major physical changes, which can impact their body image and Quality of Life (QoL). Traditional assessments of body image implemented within breast cancer research focus solely on body dissatisfaction. This study explored the association between both positive and negative body image and QoL. Australian women (N = 123) within 5-years of a breast cancer diagnosis were invited to complete a web-based questionnaire including measures of body appreciation and functionality appreciation, cancer-specific measures of body dissatisfaction and QoL, and demographic, health and treatment/illness questions. All body image measures were significantly associated with QoL (p < .01). However, when body image variables were entered simultaneously as predictors of QoL (adjusting for comorbidity, treatment and employment), only body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with QoL (p < .001). Further analyses indicated this was due to shared variance in QoL between body and functionality appreciation, suggesting they assess highly related constructs within this population. Results indicate positive and negative components of body image are relevant to QoL within breast cancer populations; though, body dissatisfaction remained the strongest predictor of QoL indicating its pervasiveness. Future research should explore the development and use of breast cancer-specific measures of positive body image.

The impact of completing body image assessments on adolescents’ body image and engagement in body change strategies: Harmful or harmless?

Parents and educators have raised concerns that participating in body image research may cause or increase poor body image and engagement in body change strategies. This quasi-experimental study compared body image and body change strategy outcomes among adolescents who had, and had not, previously been exposed to the same assessment questions 6-months prior (twice- vs once-completers). Comparison was also made between groups who completed an assessment containing only positively worded items or both positive and negative items (positive vs mixed valence). Boys and girls (N = 1,532, Mage = 13.83, SD = 1.18) completed online measures of body dissatisfaction, body appreciation, overvaluation of weight and shape, appearance esteem, and body change strategies. In regression analyses, neither body image nor body change strategies were predicted by group (completion or valence groups), except lower body dissatisfaction and higher body appreciation among twice-completers. Most participants did not experience individual-level change in body image or body change strategies over 6-months. Findings suggest that body image assessments may not put adolescents at risk of poor body image or engagement with body change strategies, however; experimental research is needed. Some improvement in body image may have implications for prospective and prevention research.

Clinically significant body dissatisfaction: prevalence and association with depressive symptoms in adolescent boys and girls.

Body dissatisfaction is distressing and a risk factor for adverse consequences including eating disorders. However, data pertaining to the prevalence of body dissatisfaction in adolescence, a key period for its emergence, are lacking. This is a substantial barrier to tailored assessment and early intervention. This study addresses this gap and provides the prevalence of body dissatisfaction and associations with depressive symptoms and body change strategies. Adolescent boys (n = 367; Mage = 12.8, SD = 0.7) and girls (n = 368; Mage = 12.7, SD = 0.7) completed measures of body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms with established cut-off levels. They also completed measures of dietary restraint and strategies to increase muscle size. Of boys and girls, 37.9% and 20.7%, respectively experienced moderate, and 6.8% and 19.6% experienced clinically significant body dissatisfaction, with higher rates among girls than boys and among adolescents aged 13 and 14 than aged 12. More than one-quarter of boys (26.70%) and one-third of girls (33.15%) reported subthreshold depressive symptoms or possible, probable or major depressive episodes. Girls revealed a higher prevalence of possible-, probable-, or major depressive episode than boys. Relative to those with no or low body dissatisfaction, adolescents with clinically significant body dissatisfaction were 24 times more likely to also report possible-, probable-, or major depressive episodes. Among boys and girls, clinically significant body dissatisfaction was associated with higher levels of dietary restraint and engagement in strategies to increase muscle size. Greater attention to identification and early intervention for body dissatisfaction is needed, especially for girls.

Self-compassion and dissonance-based interventions for body image distress in young adult women

Self-compassion interventions have been suggested as a potentially more acceptable way to address body image distress compared to interventions that emphasize challenging (often firmly entrenched) thin-ideals. In the current randomized controlled trial, young adult women endorsing body image concerns were randomized to a self-compassion (SC) intervention consisting of one in-person session plus one week of self-guided practice (n = 50), a similarly-structured dissonance-based (DB) intervention (n = 50), or a waitlist (WL) control (n = 51). Both brief interventions were acceptable and were more effective than WL. The two interventions did not differ significantly from each other in reducing the global measure of body dissatisfaction, improving body appreciation, or reducing appearance-contingent self-worth. The DB intervention alone decreased thin-ideal internalization, but only among participants with initially high scores. More participants initially expressed a preference for the SC rationale, and at post-test SC participants reported a higher likelihood of recommending the intervention they had received to others. Change in self-compassion emerged as a possible mechanism of action within both interventions, suggesting it may be useful to integrate aspects of both approaches to enhance acceptability and provide the greatest benefits.

Insatisfacción corporal en mujeres universitarias: nuevas evidencias psicométricas del Body Shape Questionnaire de 14 ítems (BSQ-14)

En los últimos años, las jóvenes universitarias vienen experimentado una mayor preocupación por el aspecto corporal que está relacionado con tener una figura esbelta. En este sentido, es importante disponer de herramientas para medir la insatisfacción que pueden tener con su aspecto corporal. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14). Específicamente, evaluar la estructura interna del BSQ-14, la consistencia interna del modelo, la evidencia de validez discriminante con base en las correlaciones del puntaje promedio del BSQ-14 con una medida de mindfulness y la invarianza del modelo del BSQ-14, considerando la variable de realización de actividades físicas. Participaron 402 jóvenes universitarias de Lima Metropolitana, con una edad promedio de 20.05 años (DE= 18.18). Se administró una batería de pruebas que incluía el BSQ-14 y Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MASS-5). Los resultados indican que la estructura unidimensional del BSQ-14 presentó un buen ajuste (χ²= 571.420; CFI= 0.962; SRMR= 0.051) y una adecuada fiabilidad por el método de consistencia interna (ω = 0.962). Asimismo, el BSQ-14 mostró correlaciones negativas con el Mindfulness y la satisfacción corporal. Se demostró que el BSQ-14 es invariante entre mujeres universitarias que realizan o no ejercicio físico. Se concluye que el estudio brinda resultados que respaldan el uso del BSQ-14 para medir la insatisfacción corporal con evidencias de validez y fiabilidad en una muestra de jóvenes universitarias de Lima Metropolitana. In recent years, young university students have experienced a greater concern for the body aspect that is related to having a slim figure. In this sense, it is important to have tools to measure the dissatisfaction they may have with their body appearance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14). Specifically, to evaluate the internal structure of the BSQ-14, the internal consistency of the model, the evidence of discriminant validity based on the correlations of the average score of the BSQ-14 with a measure of mindfulness and the invariance of the BSQ-14 model, considering the variable of performance of physical activities. For hundred two young university students from Metropolitan Lima participated, with an average age of 20.05 years (SD = 18.18). A test battery including the BSQ-14 and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MASS-5) was administered. The results indicate that the one-dimensional structure of the BSQ-14 presented a good fit (χ² = 571,420; CFI = 0.962; SRMR = 0.051) and adequate reliability by the internal consistency method (ω = 0.962). Likewise, the BSQ-14 showed negative correlations with Mindfulness and body satisfaction. The BSQ-14 was shown to be invariant among university women who do or do not exercise. It is concluded that the study provides results that support the use of the BSQ-14 to measure body dissatisfaction with evidence of validity and reliability in a sample of young university students. of Metropolitan Lima. Nos últimos anos, as jovens universitárias têm experimentado uma maior preocupação com a aparência corporal que está relacionada com o facto de terem uma figura magra. Neste sentido, é importante ter instrumentos para medir a insatisfação que possam ter com a aparência do seu corpo. O objectivo do estudo era avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Forma Corporal (BSQ-14). Especificamente, para avaliar a estrutura interna do BSQ-14, a consistência interna do modelo, a evidência de validade discriminante baseada nas correlações da pontuação média do BSQ-14 com uma medida de cuidado, e a invariância do modelo BSQ-14, considerando a variável de actividade física. Um total de 402 jovens universitárias de Lima Metropolitana, com uma idade média de 20,05 anos (SD= 18,18) participaram no estudo. Foi administrada uma bateria de testes incluindo a BSQ-14 e a Escala de Sensibilização de Atenção (MASS-5). Os resultados indicam que a estrutura unidimensional do BSQ-14 apresentou um bom ajuste (χ²= 571.420; CFI= 0,962; SRMR= 0,051) e fiabilidade adequada pelo método da consistência interna (ω = 0,962). Além disso, o BSQ-14 mostrou correlações negativas com a Mindfulness e a satisfação do corpo. Foi demonstrado que o BSQ-14 é invariante entre as mulheres universitárias que fazem ou não exercício físico. Conclui-se que o estudo fornece resultados que apoiam a utilização do BSQ-14 para medir a insatisfação do organismo com provas de validade e fiabilidade numa amostra de jovens mulheres universitárias na Lima Metropolitana.

Early Adolescent Social Media-Related Body Dissatisfaction: Associations with Depressive Symptoms, Social Anxiety, Peers, and Celebrities.

It is critical to examine the powerful socializing effects of networked media on early adolescents when social media use, body self-consciousness, and social comparisons are at their peak. Using 2 subsamples (N = 374 and N = 396) of those aged 11 to 14 years from a larger survey sample of 700 middle school participants in the Northeast United States, we conducted a cross-sectional pilot survey using brief, descriptive body dissatisfaction measures directly related to social media use. Within our body dissatisfaction subsample, 19% reported dissatisfaction to body image issues. Participants' most common concerns around body image included not being thin enough, not attractive enough, and feeling dissatisfaction with body shape, hair, and face. The results from analysis of covariance analyses showed that those reporting social media-related body dissatisfaction checked their social media more frequently. When compared with those who did not feel negatively about their body image because of social media, those who did had higher rates of depressive symptoms, had online social anxiety, had found it harder to make new friends, and were more socially isolated. Those who followed celebrities checked social media more frequently and were more likely to have depressive symptoms and online social anxiety. There may be negative socioemotional health consequences of early adolescent social media users with exposure to particular sources of social media content, such as photographs of celebrities.

Assessing the Rising Emphasis on Muscularity for Women: Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version of the Female Muscularity Scale

The female appearance ideal has undergone considerable changes in recent years, resulting in increases in drive for muscularity among Brazilian women. The Female Muscularity Scale (FMS) was developed to assess muscularity concerns among U.S. women and was shown to be a promising measure of muscularity-related attitudes and behaviors. The present studies aimed to translate and culturally adapt the FMS to Brazilian Portuguese and to explore its factorial structure among Brazilian women (Study 1: n = 202, Mage = 24.40, SD = 5.03) and to confirm the factor structure as well as evaluate convergent and divergent validity and reliability of the FMS for young adult Brazilian women (Study 2: n = 382, Mage = 22.71, SD = 4.32). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure (Attitudes and Behaviors subscales), each comprising five items. Confirmatory factor analysis upheld the original two-factor structure with good fit indices. The full scale and its subscales presented convergent validity through associations with measures of body dissatisfaction, drive for muscularity, body-ideal internalization, body checking and avoidance behaviors, disordered eating, and exercise engagement. Evidence of divergent validity was obtained in relation to self-esteem and depressive symptoms. The Brazilian version of FMS also presented adequate values for internal consistency and 2-week test-retest reliability. These findings support the Brazilian version of the FMS as a useful tool for investigating muscularity-related aspects of body image and body change behaviors that are increasingly a source of concern for women.

Enjoying your body: The psychometric properties of an English version of the Dresden Body Image Questionnaire

ObjectiveWe present a measure of positive body experiences. The purpose of this study was to validate an English translation of the Dresden Body Image Questionnaire (DKB‐35), designed to assess positive body experiences and to examine whether its subscales moderate the relationship between BMI and eating and body problems.MethodAn English version of the DKB‐35 was administered to 228 men and women aged 18–73, who also completed measures of body dissatisfaction, disordered eating and life satisfaction, and reported height and weight.ResultsThe psychometric properties of the DKB‐35 were satisfactory. DKB‐35 subscale scores (Vitality, Body Acceptance, Body Narcissism, Physical Contact, and Sexual Fulfillment) correlated positively with life satisfaction and negatively with disordered eating and body dissatisfaction. Of the five subscales, only Body Acceptance correlated significantly with BMI. Body Narcissism and Physical Contact were significant moderators of the association between BMI and disordered eating. For people with low, but not high BMIs, low scorers on Body Narcissism or Physical Contact had higher levels of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction. In a regression analysis predicting life satisfaction scores with BMI and the DKB‐35 subscales, the Body Acceptance, Vitality, and Sexual Fulfillment subscales were positive predictors.ConclusionsThese results support the use of the DKB‐35 in English. Body acceptance, vitality, sexual fulfillment, body narcissism, and physical contact are positive body experiences measured by this scale.

Preliminary development of an implicit association test to measure body dissatisfaction and predict disordered eating behaviors

We conducted a preliminary test of a novel implicit association test for body dissatisfaction (BD-IAT). We predicted that BD-IAT would correlate with self-reported BD and predict later eating disorder (ED) attitudes. Female undergraduates (N = 145) self-reported BD and ED attitudes. In the BD-IAT, participants sorted words related to “satisfaction” and “dissatisfaction” to opposite sides of a computer screen. Participants categorized pictures of themselves to the side of the screen with the word “Me,” which appeared with the “satisfied” or “dissatisfied” category in separate blocks. The BD-IAT measured the strength of the association between a participant’s own body and dissatisfaction. The BD-IAT correlated positively with the EDI-BD (r = 0.21, p < 0.05), supporting its convergent validity. The BD-IAT predicted ED attitudes at one-week follow-up, controlling for explicit BD and baseline ED (b = 0.58, SE = 0.23, t = 2.57, p = .01); IAT scores uniquely accounted for 4.7 % of the variance in ED at one-week follow-up. These results provide preliminary evidence for the BD-IAT as an implicit measure of BD and suggest that it may predict future ED attitudes above and beyond explicit BD. Directions for future work aimed at continued development of this task are discussed.