Prevalence Of Measles Research Articles

“A study on prevalence of measles at tertiary care hospital and study on demographic profile of patients infected with measles virus”

Measles virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae, transmitted by aerosol and characterized by fever, respiratory symptoms, redness of eyes & maculopapular rash. Material & methods: Children’s 0-15 years of age with suspected case of measles symptoms like fever, cough, redness of eyes & maculopapular rash attending at Hospital which included in the study. Serum samples were screened for measlesIgM by ELISA method.

Epidemiological Assessment of the Incidence of Measles (Morbilli), Old - New Infection in the Population in the Territory Jalal-Abad Kyrgyz Republic (Group of Family Doctors no. 2, Family Medicine Center)

The article carried out an epidemiological analysis of the incidence of measles in the territory of Family Doctors Group (FGP) no. 2, Family Medicine Center (FMC) in Jalal-Abad. For 2023, the incidence rate of measles in the population was registered at 3.5 per 1000 children. The rise of measles in the FGP territory began in October, where 1.4 cases per 1000 children were registered, in November 1.2 cases per 1000 children, and a subsequent decline in cases in December — 0.6 cases per 1000 children. Among those with measles, a large proportion were children under 14 years of age — 92.2%, adolescents — 1.3% and adults — 6.5%. The prevalence of measles among young children is high, in first place among children aged 1-2 years (28.2 per 1000 children), in second place among children under one year of age (26.6 per 1000 children) and in third place among children 3-5 years old (16.7 per 1000 children). In terms of contingents, a large share was made up of unorganized children (68.8%) and schoolchildren (23.3%). By gender, 51.9% of men and 48.1% of women fell ill with measles. Among those sick with measles, 10.3% were vaccinated against measles, information on preventive vaccinations was unknown or there was no form no. 063 — 20.9%, those not vaccinated against measles amounted to 68.8%, by age 18.8%, by medical exemption 20.8% and refusing 60.4%. There are only 216 contacts in the measles outbreaks, of which 18 (8.3%) children fell ill. Focal morbidity was noted with one case in 59 foci, 2 cases in 4, 3 cases in 2 and 4 cases in one family.

Measles-Related Pneumonia Association on Severely Wasting Children

In developing countries, measles is a highly contagious infectious disease that is transmitted through droplets or aerosols and can be fatal in complicated cases. Risk factors attributable to measles severity include age, nutritional and immunization status. Children who are severely wasting are more likely to develop measles-related complications; one of the most frequent complications is pneumonia, which is responsible for most measles-related morbidity and mortality. Through this study, we aim to assess the association between severely wasting nutritional status and the complications of measles-related pneumonia. A retrospective cohort analytic study of 45 children aged 1 to ≤ 60 months old was conducted. The study was conducted based on measles prevalence data in Hermina Podomoro General Hospital Paediatric Ward in the period April 2022 – March 2023. Nutritional status was assessed through WHO W/H Z-Score for children ≤ 60 months old. Pneumonia complication was diagnosed by clinical findings and chest radiograph. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test with IBM SPSS Statistics Version 27. There were 39 children included in this study. Children aged >48 – £ 60 months had the highest proportion of confirmed measles cases (30.8%). Measles clinical symptoms of koplik’s spot, macopapular rash, and fever were found in all enrolled patients. We found 64.1% of patients had severely wasting nutritional status, with 53.8% cases undergoing pneumonia complications, and 46.1% of enrolled patients had both severely wasting nutritional status and pneumonia complications. Analytic bivariate analysis found a statistically significant association between severely wasting nutritional status and pneumonia complication (p=0.02, p<0.05). There is an association between severely wasting nutritional status and the complication of pneumonia in children with measles.

Parent decision toward measles, mumps, rubella vaccination and its associated factors based on protective motivation theory

Childhood vaccination provides direct protection through community immunity, while also contributing to population-level disease protection. The purpose of this study was to determine parents' decision on measles, mumps, rubela (MMR) vaccination and the factors that influence their decisions. This study used a cross-sectional study in a community setting in Banten, Indonesia. The protection motivation theory (PMT) scale incorporates interpersonal factors, prior experience, MMR information sources, threat appraisal, and coping appraisal. A multivariate logistic regression was utilized to determine the factors related with the parent's decision. A total of 220 people volunteered to participate in this study, of which 45.5% (n=100) accepted the MMR vaccine on time, 22.7% (n=50) accepted it late, and 31.8 % (n=70) received no MMR vaccine at all. Those who accept MMR vaccine on time were more likely to had secondary and below of education level, interpersonal characteristics, treat appraisal, coping appraisal, past experience, and MMR knowledge and sources than those who did not accept MMR vaccine. The present study, which employed Protection Motivation Theory, provided valuable insights into the factors that influence parents' intentions to adhere with the official MMR vaccine advice in a Banten region with a high measles prevalence.

"Prevalence of Measles, Malaria and Hepatitis -A Among Male and Female in Yobe State Specialist Hospital, Damaturu, Nigeria"

"Prevalence of Measles, Malaria and Hepatitis -A Among Male and Female in Yobe State Specialist Hospital, Damaturu, Nigeria"

MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY OF MEASLES FROM 21 MARCH 2021 TO 20 MARCH 2022 IN MIRWAIS REGIONAL HOSPITAL PEDIATRIC DEPARTMENT KANDAHAR AFGHANISTAN

Background: Objectives: To study the demographic profile and mortality and morbidity of measles, as well as the outcome of the measles in children who were admitted to pediatric department of Mirwais regional Hospital, Kandahar Afghanistan from the 2021 to 2022. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Mirwais Regional hospital pediatric ward Kandahar Afghanistan The diagnosis of measles based on clinical features, The data of all the patients of measles who were from 1month to 15 years, and were admitted from measles in MRH in pediatric ward from 21 march 2021 to 20 March 2022, compiled and analyzed from the Medical Records of each case at Hospital. Information obtained from the medical record from each patient file and was coded and entered into computer software. After that, the data were analyzed with SPSS version 22. 0. Results: Total 16792 patients were admitted during the study period and among them 1865 were confirmed as measles. Average Rate of measles was found as 11.1% among hospitalized children. There were 1050 (56.30%) male patients and 815 (43.7%) female patients with a male female ratio of 1.28:1. Among the measles patients age of onset was <6 months in 38(2%), 6-12 months in 633(33.94%),13-60 months in 1028(55.12%) and 61-120 months 137(7.34%) and 29(1.55%) above in 120months .the majority of the measles children were in the age group between one year up to 5years old. Prevalence of measles during was 11.1 % in 2021 to 2022. Which has clearly high incidence in 2022 and with lower incidence of measles cases in 2021. case fatality among measles diagnosed children was 118(6.32%) in (2021 to 2022) which shows cleared increase in 2022. we also found in our study more cases were in spring and winter season N=(621-579),from (2021 to 2022).Conclusion: The prevalence and case fatality of measles was higher form one year to 5years of age. Although boys were more affected by measles than girls, Majority of measles cases developed in rural than urban areas in 2021.

Low post‐transplant measles and varicella titers among pediatric liver transplant recipients: A 10‐year single‐center study

Vaccine preventable illnesses are important sources of morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs in pediatric LT recipients. Our aim was to measure the seroprevalence of antibodies to measles and VZV in this population. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 44 patients who received LT before age 18 at UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital from January 2008 to December 2017. Median age at transplantation was 2.5 years (IQR 1.2-7.7). Post-transplant measles antibodies were present in 17 of 37 patients (46%); risk factors for seronegativity included younger age at transplant (p= .02) and greater time from transplant to testing (p= .04). Post-transplant VZV antibodies were present in 17 of 39 patients (44%); risk factors for seronegativity included greater time from transplant to testing (p= .04). 6 of 16 patients (38%) who tested positive for pre-transplant VZV antibodies tested negative after transplantation. Fourteen of 20 patients (70%) with at least 1 documented dose of the MMR vaccine tested positive for post-transplant measles antibodies. Ten of 20 of patients (50%) with at least 1 documented dose of the VZV vaccine tested positive for post-transplant VZV antibodies. We also describe 10 patients who received post-transplant measles and VZV vaccines without documented complications. Our study suggests that pediatric LT patients are at greater risk of contracting measles and VZV despite vaccination status, and that prevalence of measles and VZV antibodies decreases as time from transplantation increases. This should weigh into the institutional risk-benefit assessment when deciding whether or not to administer LAVs to these patients.

Prevalence of Measles Amongst Children (0 - 5 Years) Attending Imo State University Teaching Hospital (Imsuth), Orlu

Prevalence of Measles Amongst Children (0 - 5 Years) Attending Imo State University Teaching Hospital (Imsuth), Orlu

Reasons for the Resurgence of Measles in Asian Countries

Measles is a highly contagious disease with life-threatening complications. It is caused by the measles virus and affects mostly children. Despite being a vaccine-preventable disease, the resurgence of measles tends to occur in several countries across the globe. This review attempts to study the prevalence of measles and its resurgence in Asian countries. A total of 28 articles from ‘PubMed’, “Science Direct”, “Cochrane Library” were selected. Globally, in the year 2019, a total of 873,250 cases of measles were reported, and of these, 138,656 cases in Asia. Among the Asian countries, the Philippines reported the highest number (48,525) of measles cases. The prevalence of measles cases in earlier eliminated countries indicates the resurgence. The data analysis of seven articles indicated measles cases were higher in the unvaccinated population than vaccinated population. Resurgent measles cases were more unvaccinated and less than one year of age. The continuous fall in the morbidity and mortality caused by measles is achieved by vaccination. In 2019, an increased number of measles cases were reported around the globe, including in Asia. A global resurgence of the disease due to several reasons such as low vaccination coverage, imported cases by travellers,

Effect of measles prevalence and vaccination coverage on other disease burden: evidence of measles immune amnesia in 46 African countries

ABSTRACT Background Measles is highly infectious that leads to a high disease burden among the vulnerable population, especially in developing countries, despite the availability of highly effective measles vaccine. Immune amnesia, the resetting of the immune systems of infected patients, has been observed in developed countries. This paper is the first to use various African countries to evaluate the extent of immune amnesia. Methods We used two panel datasets from 46 African countries between 1990 and 2018 among children, one is the disease prevalence from Global Burden of Disease, and another is on the measles vaccination coverage from WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form. We used panel regression to estimate the effect of measles prevalence or measles vaccination coverage on other disease prevalence (diarrhea, lower respiratory infection, malaria, meningitis, and tuberculosis). Results We found the strong evidence that the increase in the measles prevalence led to an increase in other disease prevalence and mortality. We also found that the increase in the measles vaccination coverage decreased the prevalence of and the mortality due to other diseases. Discussion and Conclusion Measles vaccination can have a large impact on children’s health because not only does it reduce the prevalence of measles cases and deaths but also could it potentially reduce the prevalence of and deaths due to other diseases.

Awareness and Attitude towards the Measles Vaccination in Hai’l Region of Saudi Arabia

Aims: To present the awareness and attitude towards measles vaccination among the population of Hai’l region in Saudi Arabia.
 Methodology: A cross-sectional electronic survey was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 and received 469 samples from the residents of the Hai’l province. The convenient sampling technique was used to collect data through questionnaire sent by emails to participants.
 Results: The prevalence of measles in Hai’l region was 7.8% and 96.1% of the population has been vaccinated. About 46% of the population did not know what caused measles, whereas, 37% knew it was a viral disease. About 85.5% believed vaccination is best method to prevent measles and 45.5% of population think that vaccine is the treatment for measles. And, 64.6% think the agencies do good work in promoting measles awareness.
 Conclusion: The prevalence of measles in Hai’l province of Saudi Arabia is low with almost all vaccinated. The knowledge and awareness about measles is adequate. The study suggests that the surveillance, monitoring as well as educational and awareness programs needs more attention.

Mathematical analysis of a measles transmission dynamics model in Bangladesh with double dose vaccination

Although the availability of the measles vaccine, it is still epidemic in many countries globally, including Bangladesh. Eradication of measles needs to keep the basic reproduction number less than one (mathrm{i}.mathrm{e}. , , {mathrm{R}}_{0}<1). This paper investigates a modified (SVEIR) measles compartmental model with double dose vaccination in Bangladesh to simulate the measles prevalence. We perform a dynamical analysis of the resulting system and find that the model contains two equilibrium points: a disease-free equilibrium and an endemic equilibrium. The disease will be died out if the basic reproduction number is less than one (mathrm{i}.mathrm{e}. , , {mathrm{ R}}_{0}<1), and if greater than one (mathrm{i}.mathrm{e}. , , {mathrm{R}}_{0}>1) epidemic occurs. While using the Routh-Hurwitz criteria, the equilibria are found to be locally asymptotically stable under the former condition on {mathrm{R}}_{0}. The partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCCs), a global sensitivity analysis method is used to compute {mathrm{R}}_{0} and measles prevalence left({mathrm{I}}^{*}right) with respect to the estimated and fitted model parameters. We found that the transmission rate (upbeta ) had the most significant influence on measles prevalence. Numerical simulations were carried out to commissions our analytical outcomes. These findings show that how progression rate, transmission rate and double dose vaccination rate affect the dynamics of measles prevalence. The information that we generate from this study may help government and public health professionals in making strategies to deal with the omissions of a measles outbreak and thus control and prevent an epidemic in Bangladesh.

Seroprevalence of measles and rubella antibodies in vaccinated and unvaccinated infants in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic

BackgroundEven though measles vaccination was introduced in the Lao PDR in 1984, coverage rates remain consistently low and outbreaks continue to occur frequently. This study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence of measles and rubella antibodies in vaccinated and unvaccinated children from Central Lao PDR. MethodsAntibody titres of 1090 children aged 8–29 months who were vaccinated at different levels of the health care system were assessed by ELISA. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors affecting seropositivity against measles and rubella. ResultsAmong the vaccinated children, 67.5% in Vientiane Province and 76.4% in Bolikhamxay Province were double positive/borderline for measles and rubella IgG. A high proportion of unvaccinated children at both study sites (24.4% and 38.4%) were positive/borderline for measles and/or rubella. Time since vaccination <180 days, more than two siblings, and a mother who is a farmer/labourer were negatively associated with seropositivity. ConclusionsA high prevalence of measles and rubella antibodies was found in unvaccinated children, indicating widespread circulation of both viruses and underreporting of cases. The high proportion of vaccinated children still susceptible to measles suggests problems with vaccine immunogenicity, emphasizing the need for regular evaluations of vaccine efficacy and management.

Epidemiological Survey of Measles Cases in the South of Kerman Province during 2014-2015

Introduction: Due to the global burden of measles, many measures have always been taken to control and eradicate this disease. However, epidemics of this disease still sometimes occur in some parts of the world and Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of measles cases in the south of Kerman Province during 2014-2015. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 326-suspected cases of measles using a checklist and review forms. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16. Results: During the years of 2004 and 2005, out of the total number of suspected cases (n=326), 23% were laboratory confirmed. The highest percentage of measles was in the age group of 1 to 4 years (45.3%) and above 10 years (30.7%) and the highest cases of measles were among males (61.3%). Most cases of definite measles were in people without a history of vaccination (61.3%), in Iranians (81.3%) and in rural areas (73.3%). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, there is a need to pay attention to additional immunization in remote areas and in places of gathering of foreign nationals. The highest prevalence of measles were among people who did not have a history of measles vaccination, it seems that the measles vaccination program has not been very successful in the cities covered by the Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. It is recommended that additional studies be performed to determine the risk factors for measles.

A Stochastic SVIR Model for Measles

In this article, we consider the construction of a SVIR (Susceptible, Vaccinated, Infected, Recovered) stochastic compartmental model of measles. We prove that the deterministic solution is asymptotically the average of the stochastic solution in the case of small population size. The choice of this model takes into account the random fluctuations inherent to the epidemiological characteristics of rural populations of Niger, notably a high prevalence of measles in children under 5, coupled with a very low immunization coverage.

Impact of governmental regulations on compliance with MMR immunizations in Northern California.

California's Senate Bill 277 (SB277) was mandated to reduce the prevalence of measles by eliminating personal belief exemptions. This study evaluated seven county-level records to determine the impact of SB277 on immunizations among kindergarteners in Northern California. This study used a quantitative postintervention secondary data analysis. This study included three kindergarten schools in seven Northern California counties during three academic years from 2015 to 2019. Sixty-three previously collected school measurements involving 4,626 students were included in a secondary analysis. The study used grouped logistic regression to evaluate the variations in immunization compliance records (2015-16 vs. 2017-18 and 2018-19) among kindergartners in seven counties. This study found no significant differences in (1) overall county-level measures and (2) the likelihood that kindergartners would be current with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR; OR=1.12, CI=0.79-1.62) or be up-to-date with five immunizations (OR=1.08, CI=0.77-1.52) post-SB277 versus pre-SB277. This study showed that SB277 had a small clinical but nonstatistically significant impact on kindergartners' up-to-date with up-to-date rates of compliance with five immunizations and those current with two doses of MMR in seven Northern California counties. Despite the passing of SB277, vaccine-hesitant parents have continued to seek alternatives to immunizations.

Susceptibility to measles among health workers in a university hospital in southern Italy.

Measles still has a high impact on the health of the population in Italy and therefore requires a strong commitment to prevention at national level. In addition to Italy, measles outbreaks have also been reported in other EU countries, with a high number of cases and a rapid spread of the disease even in the nosocomial context between patients and health personnel. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of measles in a group of health workers working at a university hospital in southern Italy. A seroepidemiological study was conducted on 458 health workers. Measles antibody IgG and IgM levels were evaluated by immunoenzymatic testing. The highest percentage of susceptible subjects was ≤30 years old, with a statistically significant difference compared to the age group ≥51 years. With regard to gender, susceptibility to measles in males was significantly higher than in females (p<0.05). Additional statistically significant differences were found in the different age groups in both genders. Although the results show that most health workers are immune to measles, a 20% susceptibility certainly represents a risk for the spread of the disease among operators and patients. Vaccination and control of suspected cases, especially in community settings such as the hospital environment, are the main measures to prevent the transmission and spread of the disease.

Seroprevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases among children and adolescents in Singapore: Results from the National Paediatric Seroprevalence Survey 2018

ObjectivesThe Ministry of Health (MOH), Singapore, conducted the National Paediatric Seroprevalence Survey 2018 (NPSS 2018) to estimate the latest immunity levels against measles, rubella, varicella, diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B, and the seroprevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriage in children and adolescents in Singapore. MethodsThe survey involved prospective collection of residual sera from 1,200 children and adolescents aged 1–17 years in two public acute hospitals. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (EIA) or plague reduction neutralisation tests (PRNT) were used to determine the seroprevalence of the vaccine-preventable diseases. ResultsOverall prevalence of measles and rubella antibodies among Singaporean children and adolescents aged 1–17 years were 98.2% (95% CI: 91.2–98.8%) and 94.8% (95% CI: 93.4–95.9%) respectively. 97.1% (95% CI: 96.0–97.9%) of subjects had at least basic protection against diphtheria, while 89.3% (95% CI: 87.5–91.0%) were protected against tetanus. The prevalence of chronic HBV carriage was 0.4% (95% CI: 0.2–1.0%), while 45.7% (95% CI: 42.9–48.5%) were immune against HBV. The seroprevalence for varicella antibodies was 52.9% (95% CI: 50.1–55.7%). Concordance between vaccination status and seroprevalence was observed for measles, rubella, diphtheria and tetanus. ConclusionSingapore’s children and adolescents are well-protected against measles, rubella, diphtheria and tetanus. Continual efforts in ensuring high vaccination coverage should be sustained.

Explaining vaccination decisions: A system dynamics model of the interaction between epidemiological and behavioural factors

The WHO goal of eradicating measles is delayed by widespread scepticism of parents against the recommended MMR vaccination. In this context, a model of the prevalence of measles that incorporates behavioural aspects is desirable. Parental decisions can be influenced by epidemiological and behavioural factors. The former include vaccination coverage and its impact on the prevalence of the disease. The latter include perceptions of the risk to be infected, which affects vaccination decisions, as well as government campaigns to affect vaccination behaviour, vaccination scares or changes in disease control policies. We develop a model that incorporates both kinds of effects. In particular, we illustrate how incorporating parental response to a change in the prevalence of the disease impacts the outcome of governmental policies aiming to increase the vaccination coverage. While calibrated to measles, this model is also applicable to other childhood diseases, such as pertussis or diphtheria. Different scenarios illustrate the long-term consequences of the interaction between health policies (in particular, vaccination campaigns) or the agenda of social institutions (e.g., drawing attention to specific events to create vaccination scares) and parental reactions. Periodic ups and downs of the disease's prevalence, characteristic of epidemiological feedback, are the consequence of the interaction between parental behaviour and events such as vaccination campaigns or vaccination scares. International and national health authorities, pursuing the fight against measles, may be helped by the potential of the model to provide understanding in the way different predictors of vaccination behaviour interact.

Were infections in migrants associated with the resurgence of measles epidemic during 2013–2014 in southern China? A retrospective data analysis

ObjectiveThe 2009 province-wide and 2010 nationwide supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) greatly reduced measles prevalence in Guangdong, a province in southern China with the largest migrant population. However, during 2013–2014, Guangdong experienced a resurgence of the measles epidemic. This study was performed to examine the association between infections in migrants and the resurgence of the measles epidemic. MethodsThe records of 22 362 clinically and laboratory-confirmed measles cases from the years 2009 to 2014 were extracted from the National Infectious Disease Monitoring Information System. The epidemiological characteristics of infections in migrants during 2009–2012 were compared to those during 2013–2014. ResultsInfections in migrants were not significantly associated with the resurgence of the measles epidemic in 2013–2014 (p=0.98). Nevertheless, for infections among locals and migrants during 2009–2012 and 2013–2014, substantial increases in the proportion of infection were detected among children aged <8 months and the unvaccinated population (p<0.01). ConclusionsThe study findings suggest that infections in migrants might not have been the major cause of the epidemic resurgence of measles. Instead, the resurgence was likely due to infections among children aged <8 months and the unvaccinated. Thus, officials are advised to give higher priority to appropriate populations when formulating control measures, and to strengthen routine surveillance of vaccination coverage among them.