Means Of Communication Research Articles

Comparative study of the stridulatory groove in species of Triatoma (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from Mexico.

The stridulation in the subfamily Triatominae has been identified as a means of communication between species, produced by the friction of the proboscis on the prosternal stridulatory groove. Despite its biological significance, this phenomenon remains understudied, with the signal's production seemingly contingent upon the morphology of the stridulatory groove. In this study, we examined the morphology of stridulatory grooves in females and males of five species and two subspecies of Mexican triatomines using morphometric and scanning electron microscopical analysis. Our findings reveal that all analyzed species exhibit triangular-shaped stridulatory grooves with parallel ridges covering the entire groove, bordered on each side, and covered with setae. Surprisingly, we observed noticeable differences in the number of ridges and inter-ridge distance between the species Triatoma lecticularia and Triatoma rubida (p < 0.001 and p < 0.009, respectively), indicating sexual dimorphism in this aspect, a phenomenon not previously reported in the morphology of this structure. Our findings shed light on the intricate morphology of the stridulatory groove in Mexican triatomines, suggesting potential implications for their behavior and intra-specific communication.

ANÁLISE DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE A MÍDIA E OS MEIOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO E SUA ABORDAGEM EM FACE DA COBERTURA DE CRIMES E SEU IMPACTO NO SISTEMA JURÍDICO PENAL

The research “Analysis of the Relationship between the Media and the Means of Communication and their Approach to the Coverage of Crimes and their Impact on the Criminal Legal System” investigates how the media influences public perception and the functioning of the criminal system when covering crimes and investigations . The study examines the role of the press in forming opinions and constructing narratives that can impact judgment and the application of justice, considering issues such as the presumption of innocence, social pressure on the judiciary and the risk of creating “media courts ”. The central problem of this research is to understand how the media, when disseminating information about criminal cases, can influence the perception of public opinion and, eventually, affect the decisions of criminal system operators. The analysis highlights that, although the media can act positively by informing and raising awareness in society, its sensationalist approach in some cases can compromise the impartiality of the criminal process. The research proposes that more ethical and balanced coverage could help protect the rights of those involved and strengthen reliability in the justice system, arguing for the need for regulations to achieve this balance between press freedom and impartial justice.

Communication, Trust and Imagination. Ways to Understand the Relationship between Director and Actor

Imagination is the essence of creativity in both theatre and film, but it manifests itself differently in these two arts. In theatre, the audience actively participates in creating the world of the play. The stage is a canvas where imagination fills in the gaps. Cinema, on the other hand, often strives for hyperrealism. The camera captures actual locations, detailed sets, and authentic environments. The space becomes an integral part of storytelling. The cinema screen is perceived as a window through which the audience has access to a real world that is not limited to what is seen in the frame – it continues to exist beyond what is accessible. Imagination not only shapes our perception and reactions in everyday life but is also the driving force behind acting and directing. Furthermore, the viewer’s perception is inherently subjective, making this subjectivity a part of the creative process. Thus, the means of communication become the essence, creating distinct relationships and communication bridges. In the crews of both film and theatre, the most important and challenging relationship is probably the one between director and actor. This collaboration is based on mutual trust, imagination, empathy, and openness. The authenticity of the performance and the ability to reveal the depth of the character are essential, with the actor’s mental processes playing a crucial role in achieving this goal – primarily under the director’s guidance. Throughout this essay, I explore this relationship.

Progression of Motor Speech Function in Speakers With Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech.

Speakers with primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) have an insidious onset of motor speech planning/programming difficulties. As the disease progresses, the apraxia of speech (AOS) becomes more severe and a co-occurring dysarthria often emerges. Here, longitudinal data from speakers with phonetic- and prosodic-predominant PPAOS are used to characterize the progression of their motor speech impairment, including the development of dysarthria and mutism. Data are presented from 52 speakers who had PPAOS at enrollment (i.e., progressive AOS in the absence of aphasia, cognitive, or other neurologic symptoms). Twenty-one had predominantly phonetic features, whereas 31 had primarily prosodic features. All participants underwent a comprehensive motor speech evaluation at their enrollment visit and each annual return visit, with a median of three visits per participant. Almost 25% of the speakers with PPAOS presented with dysarthria at their enrollment visit (median disease duration of 3.65 years), whereas more than 70% of them had developed dysarthria by their last visit (median disease duration of 6.85 years). Neither the likelihood to develop dysarthria nor the disease duration at which it was detected differed significantly between the phonetic and prosodic groups. However, muteness emerged sooner for speakers with phonetic-predominant PPAOS; the median disease duration at which they became mute was 1.5 years shorter than for their prosodic counterparts. Clinically, these results facilitate more accurate prognostication of motor speech symptoms in speakers with PPAOS, allowing for timely introduction of alternative means of communication. The results also support the differentiation between progressive AOS and dysarthria as distinct motor speech disorders that often co-occur in these individuals.

Method for determining the effect of destabilizing factors of digital filters on the multicriteria synthesis of radio communications of aviation robotic devices

The purpose of the research is development of a method for determining the influence of destabilizing factors, such as the unevenness of the amplitude-frequency response (AFC) and the nonlinearity of the phase-frequency response (FFC), in non-recursive digital frequency selection filters on the target function of multicriteria structural-parametric synthesis of radio communications from the payload of aviation robotic devices.Methods. In conducting scientific research, probability theory, mathematical statistics, statistical radio engineering and computational mathematics were used. The study obtained mathematical expressions of the dependence of the probability of error per bit (BER) on the average signal-to-noise ratio when signals pass through symmetrical non-recursive digital filters with quadrature amplitude modulation with a positivity of no more than 4096, signal constellation irregularities of no more than 5, which are the basis for the energy balance of radio lines with aviation robotic devices. The expressions obtained are one of the "foundations" for the implementation of a multi-criteria synthesis of radio systems adaptive to a cognitively formed flight task. In this paper, all the results of the probability of reliability of the received data by means of communication are reflected for the case of rigid decision-making (Gray coding).Results. In the course of the conducted research: 1) a mathematical model of the structural-parametric synthesis of radio communications with aviation robotic devices is demonstrated, which is based on the criteria for minimizing: electronic computing resources with a given noise immunity; radiation outside the operating frequency band; peak factor signals; the effects of narrowband, broadband and structural interference in the radio channel at a given bandwidth; the use of structural and functional nodes specific to the existing information and communication environment; 2) the analytical dependence of the influence of the parameters of one of several structural and functional nodes - digital filters of frequency selection, on the criteria for the synthesis of communication means has been revealed. The paper considers the most common approximating functions - Kaiser, Tukey, Barlett-Khan, Chebyshev, and also shows the influence of the filter order on the equivalent of energy loss in information communication lines of aviation robotic devices.Conclusion. The scientific article presents a method for determining the effect of the uneven frequency response of a symmetrical non-recursive digital filter in devices for receiving and processing radio signals of multicriteria means of communication with the payload of aviation robotic devices. The proposed approach increases the reliability of determining the values of criteria for minimizing electronic computing resources for a given noise immunity, radiation outside the operating frequency band, as well as the use of structural and functional nodes characteristic of the existing information and communication environment.

Visual Communication Bridging Intercultural Barriers: Collaborative Methods Supporting the Social Inclusion of Young Refugees

This paper explores the possibilities of graphic languages in an intercultural context while analysing the potential of creative methods when working with refugee youth. The practice-based aspect of this research is undertaken with Open Doors Hungary, a community-based design project that creates a programme for unaccompanied refugee minors. The aim of Open Doors is to help young refugees integrate into Hungarian society and develop means of communication and quality relations with the host society. Refugee youth arriving in Hungary face serious problems: the loss of home and community, the traumas suffered during the journey, the cultural differences, and the lack of a common language make their social integration extremely challenging. These challenges are exacerbated by xenophobia and stereotypical opinions about foreigners. Social inclusion requires frequent contact with the local society, and refugee youth need new tools (cultural knowledge, language skills, intercultural skills) to overcome their disadvantages. Since 2013, the author has been working with refugee youth using participatory design tools such as regular creative sessions, workshops, and eight camps based on the integrating role of creativity and art. During these sessions, young refugees and their Hungarian and European peers learned about different visual communication tools and created common messages in the form of videos, animations, photos, posters, booklets, and murals. Through these activities, refugee youth become part of the design process, and the final result is based on their choices. In the theoretical research and field experiences, this paper states that design thinking and the creative process allow interactive cultural exchange, value sharing, safe and open discussions, and community building. As a global language, visual communication can be a tool for intercultural communication, storytelling, and self-expression. The opportunity for refugee youth and their Hungarian peers to work in intercultural teams develops new competencies and creates shared ownership and community.

BMSC Derived Exosomes Attenuate Apoptosis of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Chondrocytes in TMJOA via PI3K/AKT Pathway.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) are crucial means of intercellular communication and can regulate a range of biological processes by reducing inflammation, decreasing apoptosis and promoting tissue repair. We treated temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc chondrocytes with TNF-α and performed local injection of sodium iodoacetate (MIA) in the TMJ of rats to establish in vitro and in vivo models of TMJ osteoarthritis (TMJOA). BMSC-Exos were isolated and extracted to evaluate their proliferation and trilineage differentiation abilities, and their antiapoptotic and chondroprotective effects were assessed. This study revealed that BMSC-Exos can be endocytosed by TMJ disc chondrocytes in vitro and that BMSC-Exos pretreatment strongly attenuated the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on the proliferative and chondrogenic potential of TMJ disc chondrocytes. The administration of BMSC-Exos significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced apoptosis in TMJ disc chondrocytes by increasing the phosphorylation level of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) pathway-related proteins, whereas the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 neutralized this antiapoptotic effect. Intradiscal injection of BMSC-Exos alleviated the degeneration and inflammation of TMJ discs in a rat model of TMJOA. Our study revealed that BMSC-Exos can attenuate the apoptosis of TMJ disc chondrocytes and destruction of TMJ discs partially by inhibiting the apoptotic pathway and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby providing a promising treatment strategy for the regeneration of damaged TMJ discs.

Abstract 4116708: Variations in Patients’ Perceptions of Continuity of Care After Hospitalization Due to Cardiac Condition

Background: Continuity of care is crucial to enabling a seamless chain of care after hospitalization due to cardiac conditions. Most measurements (e.g., continuity indexes) neglect the patient's perception of continuity. Inequality in medication and treatment is well known within cardiac care, but there is a lack of knowledge about whether there are inequalities in how patients perceive continuity of care after hospital discharge. Aims: Describe perceptions of continuity of care after hospitalization in patients with cardiac conditions and variations in age, gender, and diagnosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients hospitalized at 4 hospitals in Sweden due to cardiac conditions. Data were collected using the Patient Continuity of Care Questionnaire, a 27-item questionnaire with 6-subscales. A sub-scale score &lt;4 indicates an area of concern. Factorial ANOVA was used to analyze interactions or main effects of sex, age (&lt;65 or ≥65), and diagnosis (angina, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, myocardial infarction) on perceived continuity of care. Independent t-tests or post-hoc analysis with LSD correction compared group differences. Results: A total of 1,000 patients were included, with a mean age of 72 (SD 10) years, 661 (66%) males. For the sub-scales, no significant 3- or 2-way effects were found. In the sub-scale: Information to patient (mean 4.1), significant differences were found in sex, age, and diagnosis. For the sub-scales Relations in hospital (mean 4.3) and Relations in community (mean 4.1), significant differences were found in sex and diagnosis. There were significant differences between the diagnosis groups in the sub-scale: Management of follow-up (mean 3.9). In the sub-scale: Management of communication (mean 3.7), significant differences were found in sex and age. For the sub-scale: Management of forms (mean 3.8), significant differences were found based on age. See Figure 1a-1c for details. Conclusion: Overall, patients hospitalized due to cardiac conditions reported a quite high level of continuity of care. However, statistically significant differences were found, and men, younger patients and those hospitalized due to myocardial infarction perceived higher levels of continuity or care. This indicates that patients who are more dependent on continuity of care, who might be more fragile and have a diagnosis with a complex clinical pathway, are experiencing lower levels of continuity of care

GestureLink: Immersive Hand Guided Virtual Interface

This report introduces an innovative Hand Gesture Mouse Controlling system that utilizes hand gestures captured via a webcam through a colour detection technique. This system enables users to navigate the computer cursor and perform clicking and dragging actions using different hand gestures. The proposed system relies solely on a low-resolution webcam functioning as a sensor, effectively tracking the user's hand gestures in multiple dimensions. The implementation will utilize Python and OpenCV for seamless integration. Hand gestures offer a natural and effortless means of communication. The camera's output will be displayed on the monitor, and shape and position information of the gestures will be acquired through colour detection. Additionally, the report outlines the implementation of a file transferring scheme using Python server programming.

«Языковая личность» - понятие и роль в современном мире

Relevance: In recent years, the Russian Federation has paid close attention to the official activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies from authorities, public organizations and institutions, and the population. First of all, we are talking about the observance by the employees of the internal affairs bodies of the norms of morality and ethics, rules of conduct in everyday life and speech culture. State policy determines the main areas of activity of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. Thus, in the decisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation it has been repeatedly noted that the successful solution of the tasks facing the internal affairs bodies largely depends on the level of training of the personnel. Fostering high civic, professional, psychological and moral qualities in employees, as well as the formation of a high professional culture, one of the key competencies of which is proficiency in language as a means of communication, strengthening the authority of the internal affairs bodies in society, increasing the prestige of the service are priority goals in the activities of the police and are regulated by the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated December 25, 2020 No. 900 "Issues of organizing moral and psychological support for the activities of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation". Therefore, the problem of general language processes occurring in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation at present leads to the need to study the features of communication underlying official activity, and therefore to its creator - the "linguistic personality". Statement of the problem: The article considers the issues of state support for traditional values ​​in the Russian Federation, the need to protect the norms of the Russian literary language, the role of language in human life. What are the features of the "linguistic personality"? One of the important conditions for the formation of a person's pedagogical culture is the study of pedagogical thought that has gone through a centuries-old historical path. The article considers the main and most significant stages in the development of the education system in the world, as well as domestic pedagogy, the founder of which is K.D. Ushinsky. Purpose of the study: clarification of the definition of "linguistic personality" based on the presented basic concepts of "linguistic personality" formed in world linguistics. Research methods: analysis of modern scientific definitions of the concepts of "personality", "linguistic personality", generalization of the results obtained. Results and key findings: the conducted research allowed us to formulate and propose the author's definition of the concept of "linguistic personality", which is proposed to be understood as a bearer of cultural and linguistic values, endowed with will and aspirations, moods and assessments, and also fully using language in business communication, professional activities and in everyday life.

UTILIZING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS TO COMPREHEND SIGN LANGUAGE AND RECOGNIZE EMOTIONS

The inability to communicate verbally is widely acknowledged as a significant disability. The primary objective of this research is to create a practical system aimed at individuals with hearing impairments, particularly those who depend on sign language as their primary means of communication. This system aims to enable deaf individuals to express themselves, communicate effectively and facilitate understanding of their language which would otherwise be challenging since most people are unfamiliar with sign language. By employing human gesture interpretation and motion capture, this technology can facilitate the translation of sign language into spoken language and vice versa. Despite the existence of various methods to convert sign language into voice, none of them currently provide an entirely intuitive user interface. Our objective is to create a system that not only translates sign language but also integrates a natural user interface, thus enhancing accessibility for individuals who are blind or have visual impairments. This system will achieve this by recognizing facial expressions and effectively conveying emotions behind words assisting visually impaired individuals in expressing themselves more effectively. Hence, in this project, we tentatively aim to build a system that can ease the lives of blind, deaf and dumb people to some extent. Normal communication like normal people do might never be possible for differently abled people but through our project, we try to provide them with a tool that can help them experience normalcy while communicating with normal people.

Iris Recognition System Using Advanced Segmentation Techniques and Fuzzy Clustering Methods for Robotic Control

The idea of developing a robot controlled by iris movement to assist physically disabled individuals is, indeed, innovative and has the potential to significantly improve their quality of life. This technology can empower individuals with limited mobility and enhance their ability to interact with their environment. Disability of movement has a huge impact on the lives of physically disabled people. Therefore, there is need to develop a robot that can be controlled using iris movement. The main idea of this work revolves around iris recognition from an eye image, specifically identifying the centroid of the iris. The centroid’s position is then utilized to issue commands to control the robot. This innovative approach leverages iris movement as a means of communication and control, offering a potential breakthrough in assisting individuals with physical disabilities. The proposed method aims to improve the precision and effectiveness of iris recognition by incorporating advanced segmentation techniques and fuzzy clustering methods. Fast gradient filters using a fuzzy inference system (FIS) are employed to separate the iris from its surroundings. Then, the bald eagle search (BES) algorithm is employed to locate and isolate the iris region. Subsequently, the fuzzy KNN algorithm is applied for the matching process. This combined methodology aims to improve the overall performance of iris recognition systems by leveraging advanced segmentation, search, and classification techniques. The results of the proposed model are validated using the true success rate (TSR) and compared to those of other existing models. These results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method for the 400 tested images representing 40 people.

STATISTICAL INDICATORS OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE LANGUAGE OF REGIONAL NEWSPAPERS IN KOSTROMA REGION TO ALL-RUSSIAN STANDARDS: A SYNTACTIC APPROACH

The paper is devoted to the analysis of complex sentences with subordinate clauses of condition, cause, goal, concession, consequence in regional newspapers of Kostroma Region in comparison with the data of similar studies conducted on the material of all-Russian periodicals. The grammar of the language, which is the backbone of the entire language system, is the most stable, standardised, which should be manifested at the syntactic level. The description of linguistic phenomena in the materials of regional periodicals in comparison with the all-Russia’s ones contributes to the forming of a general picture of the syntax of the modern Russian language. This paper shows on quantitative research data the correspondence of the syntax of regional newspapers with the language of all-Russia’s periodicals in the following aspects – the distribution of complex sentences with various types of subordinate clauses in the general system of conditionality and the peculiarities of using the means of their construction. It is shown that in the texts of regional newspapers of Kostroma Region, at the syntactic level, there are all the structural and semantic features of complex sentences with the meaning of conditionality – distribution by their types, the use of typed and non-typed means of communication, the phenomena of gradation, inversion, parcellation, phraseologisation of subordinate clauses. On the example of functioning of the most popular, semantically capacious and significant complex sentences, it is concluded that the syntactic media image of Kostroma Region reflects the general picture in modern Russian journalism, which indicates the stability of the system of complex sentences at the current stage of language development.

O IMPACTO DOS DESENHOS ANIMADOS NA REPRESENTAÇÃO SOCIAL DA FIGURA DO CIENTISTA

This article presents the impact of cartoons on the social representation of the scientist and the way in which these representations are constituted and conditioned in the social imaginary. This is a bibliographic, exploratory research, using scientific documents found on the CAPES platform. For data analysis, the content analysis proposed by Bardin was used. Among the main considerations, the social representation of the scientist found in this research differs from the reality found in scientific spaces. The way in which the scientist has been presented to society through cartoons and other means of communication is the result of social representations that were conceived and disseminated over the centuries, since the constitution of the scientist stereotype was slow and gradual, as such representations were formed from characteristics, objects, anchors and actions. Notes and considerations are presented on the need for investment in research on the subject, so that the data indicates the need for interventions with the media, which performs a formative task in the social imagination, which can end up confusing society and undermining the credibility of reliable sources of information.

The South African Journal of Science: A biography

This article provides a chronological account of the South African Journal of Science (SAJS) from its inception in 1903 up to the present. This approach clarifies the shifts in emphasis and purpose as the Journal moved through changing publishing structures. Over the course of a century, the SAJS evolved from a publication that included both lay and professional contributions into a formal professionalised scholarly journal while retaining its accessibility. Originally appearing as the Report of the South African Association for the Advancement of Science (S2A3), for many decades the content presented the work of people with scientific interests, as reflected at the Annual Meetings of the S2A3 convened at various locations around southern Africa. Its objective was to serve as a means of communication between scientific workers in all fields and at different levels and not to restrict itself to publishing erudite original findings alone. A further aim was to communicate interesting evidence-based knowledge to the general public, thereby linking science to broader society. From those beginnings, the article traces the numerous changes in format, regularity, quality and financing over a century. As science and scientists became more formalised in South Africa, editorial disciplines were introduced, and higher quality contributions were solicited. Financial considerations thrust the Journal under different publishing umbrellas. Authors became more professional and disciplined in their publications. This article chronicles the development of the SAJS into the open-access scholarly multidisciplinary journal it is today.

Effect of Project Based Learning Method on Students ‘Academic Performance in Mathematics Subject in Rwanda

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of project-based learning (PBL) on students’ academic performance in mathematics at TTC Muhanga, located in Muhanga District, Southern Province. Methodology: A descriptive research design was employed, involving 889 participants, including 273 student teachers, 23 teachers, 1 dean, and 1 principal. The study ensured reliability through test-retest and Cronbach’s alpha methods, while content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI). Data were gathered through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using SPSS. Findings: The findings reveal a generally positive perception of PBL practices. Collaborative projects were particularly well received, with 73.9% of teachers agreeing that they enhance communication (mean score: 4.61). Hands-on activities were also endorsed by 69.56% of participants (mean score: 4.48), while technology integration received less consensus, with 60.87% agreeing on its effectiveness (mean score: 4.30). Reflection and presentation skills were highlighted as especially impactful, with 78.26% of respondents strongly agreeing (mean score: 4.65). The study further demonstrates that both collaboration (r = .904, β = .500) and technology use (r = .677, β = .553) significantly contribute to increased student engagement and improved academic performance. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Based on these findings, the study recommends enhancing technology integration within PBL, promoting continuous professional development for teachers, emphasizing the importance of collaboration in PBL activities, and increasing opportunities for students to engage in reflection and develop presentation skills.

Arabic Language Learning Strategy for Elementary School Graduates in Pondok Pesantren Yusuf Abdussatar Kediri Lobar West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

This article discusses the Arabic language learning strategy for elementary school graduates at Pondok Pesantren Yusuf Abdussatar, Kediri Lobar, West Nusa Tenggara. The background of this research is based on the importance of mastering Arabic as a means of communication and understanding religious texts in Islamic boarding schools. However, elementary school graduates who enter pesantren often have limitations in Arabic language skills. Therefore, effective learning strategies are needed to facilitate their understanding. This article examines the various methods used, ranging from the communicative approach, context-based learning, to the use of interactive media and a supportive learning environment. This research uses qualitative methods with observation, interview and document analysis techniques. The results show that the applied learning strategies succeeded in improving students' learning motivation and their Arabic language skills, especially through the combination of theory and hands-on practice. In addition, the active involvement of teachers and the support of an intensive boarding school environment play an important role in the success of the learning process. This article recommends further development on the integration of technology in Arabic language learning to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of learning in Islamic boarding schools.

EXECUTER1 and singlet oxygen signaling: A reassessment of nuclear activity.

Chloroplasts are recognized as environmental sensors, capable of translating environmental fluctuations into diverse signals to communicate with the nucleus. Among the reactive oxygen species produced in chloroplasts, singlet oxygen (1O2) has been extensively studied due to its dual roles, encompassing both damage and signaling activities, and the availability of conditional mutants overproducing 1O2 in chloroplasts. In particular, investigating the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant known as fluorescent (flu) has led to the discovery of EXECUTER1 (EX1), a plastid 1O2 sensor residing in the grana margin of the thylakoid membrane. 1O2-triggered EX1 degradation is critical for the induction of 1O2-responsive nuclear genes (SOrNGs). However, a recent study showed that EX1 relocates from chloroplasts to the nucleus upon 1O2 release, where it interacts with WRKY18 and WRKY40 (WRKY18/40) transcription factors to regulate SOrNG expression. In this study, we challenge this assertion. Our confocal microscopy analysis and subcellular fractionation assays demonstrate that EX1 does not accumulate in the nucleus. While EX1 appears in nuclear fractions, subsequent thermolysin treatment assays indicate that it adheres to the outer nuclear region rather than localizing inside the nucleus. Furthermore, luciferase complementation imaging and yeast two-hybrid assays reveal that EX1 does not interact with nuclear WRKY18/40. Consequently, our study refines the current model of 1O2 signaling by ruling out the nuclear relocation of intact EX1 as a means of communication between the chloroplast and nucleus.

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

The article highlights the structural and functional features of political communication as a process of communicative interaction in the political sphere in the conditions of modern social development. It was determined that political communication is a communicative process of mutual exchange of political information and broadcasting of political discourse among political subjects, state administration bodies, civil society, aimed at achieving consensus in making political and managerial decisions, legitimizing power and maintaining the stability of the democratic political system through means mass communication, Internet social networks, informal contacts, etc. The leading functions of political communication in terms of its structural elements are distinguished: 1) subjects of political communication: citizens, state authorities and management, political parties, movements and associations, civil society institutions, associations and groups of users of social networks on the Internet etc; 2) feedback between the subjects of political communication, acting as a communicative interaction that takes on different forms of information exchange; 3) information message as a relevant political discourse; 4) channels and means of information transmission and two-way communication between subjects of political communication.

Использование мультимодальных текстов для развития навыков говорения на русском языке у китайских студентов

Introduction. In the context of the development of cooperation between Russia and China, the importance of communication as a means of interethnic, intercultural and interpersonal communication is increasing. The search and creation of didactic tools for the more successful development of Chinese students' speaking skills in Russian, which are communicatively significant and difficult to master, are urgent tasks. The purpose of this article is to describe the extralinguistic causes of difficulties in developing the Russian speaking skills of Chinese students and to reveal the linguodidactic potential of multimodal texts for teaching speaking in Russian. Research methods include theoretical analysis, pedagogical observation and generalization of pedagogical experience. Results. The authors of the article identify as extralinguistic reasons for difficulties in developing skills among Chinese students: the isolation of textbooks from modern communication practice, a limited number of classroom hours, the written form of passing exams in Russian at Chinese universities, excessive dependence of students on translation programs and low motivation to speak. The authors conclude that the use of multimodal texts motivate students to speak in Russian by mobilizing various channels of information, topical issues, background information about Russian culture and creating a more relaxed and natural atmosphere in the classroom. Scientific novelty. The linguodidactic potential of using multimodal texts for the development of speaking skills is revealed. Practical significance. The use of multimodal texts will help the teacher to improve the level of Russian speaking skills of Chinese students, especially in the absence of a language environment.