Meaning Of Spoken Words Research Articles

Zabawki „mówiące” w rozwoju mowy dziecka do trzeciego roku życia

Speech development is a special period in the life of every human being, when we acquire the ability to communicate non-verbally and verbally, e.g. as a result of language immersion. However, the development of speech is impacted by many factors that can be both negative and positive. The article presents the results of the author’s own research, whose aim was to determine the potential threats to the proper speech development of a child up to 3 years of age, resulting from the use of “talking” toys in line with the manufacturers’ recommendations. During the analysis of recordings presented by “talking” toys, special attention was paid to their articulation and linguistic correctness, prosody and the meaning of spoken words. The article includes a description of the various stages of speech acquisition up to the age of three and a review of terminological and legal issues regarding toys.

Meseron Therapy and Christian Counselling: A Synergy

Christian Counselling (CC) is the practice of talking with individuals, couples, and families to increase their understanding of emotional and religious conflicts and to help resolve problems using Christian religious injunctions and other related resources. Meseron Therapy (MT) was developed in accordance with the Nigerian belief in the power, potency and meaning of spoken words and its consequences. MT entails rejecting negativities and accepting the positives, with the techniques of MT reflecting a cognitive orientation. MT and CC approaches have several common grounds. The basic assumptions of MT such as the power of the spoken words to sensitize action, the ignition of man’s inherent potential for change, replacement of a negative status quo with constructive actions and the view of man as a striving creature all have Biblical support. Also, MT’s views on human nature and the causes of psychological disturbance agree with Christian teachings and beliefs. Application of Meseron therapeutic techniques and procedures to CC can be done by using Biblical teachings to enable clients sustain good health, encouraging the good use of endowments, assisting client in mental restructuring through motivation to strive, building and encouraging possibility thinking, enabling the clients to reject distractions from goal accomplishments and getting clients to say it right and synergize their thoughts, words and actions. Keywords : Christian Counselling, Meseron Therapy, Synergy. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-8-03 Publication date: April 30 th 2020

Processing speaker variability in repetition and semantic/associative priming.

The effect of speaker variability on accessing the form and meaning of spoken words was evaluated in two short-term priming experiments. In the repetition priming experiment, participants listened to repeated or unrelated prime-target pairs, in which the prime and target were produced by the same speaker or different speakers. The results showed robust repetition priming, but only partial evidence of reduction of priming by speaker variability. In the semantic/associative priming experiment, participants listened to semantically/associatively related or unrelated prime-target pairs, in which the prime and target were produced by the same speaker or different speakers. The results showed robust semantic/associative priming, but the reduction of priming by speaker variability took place only for targets produced by the female speaker. There is no evidence that the speaker variability effect varied as a function of inter-stimulus interval. These findings suggest that speaker variability could affect access to word form and meaning, but the impact is relatively weak.

Figurines having interactive communication

The invention provides a method for figurines to form and join a network of figurines by setting them near other figurines, by activating them via a power switch, or by placing them in communication with a central hub. A communications path using radio or IR frequency is used to form the network, such that only one figurine can transmit data while the others receive data at any time. Once the network has been formed, the figurines can formulate behaviors based on the attributes, requests, and actions of the others. These behaviors are based on the data transpired between the figurines and can include meaning of spoken words, current state, etc. Each figurine has a personality controlled by its internal data, which also controls its relationships with others. Each figurine can spontaneously create a speech or action based on the reply given by another coupled with data stored within its databank.

Interpreting People and Interpreting Texts

What is the relation between interpreting a person’s speech and actions, on the one hand, and interpreting a written text, on the other? That question is considered in connection with the theories of interpretation offered by Donald Davidson and Paul Ricoeur. There are some important similarities between those theories. However, it is argued that Davidson and Ricoeur are divided on fundamental questions about the relation between meaning and intention, about the reference of texts, about the relation between the meanings of texts and the meanings of spoken words, and about the notion of correctness that applies to interpretation. On each of these points, it is contended, Davidson has the better of the dispute.

Activating meaning in time: The role of imageability and form-class

A number of studies have shown that the meanings of spoken words are activated early in processing, well before all of the word has been heard. However, these studies have not explicitly taken into account a number of variables which are known to affect word recognition processes. Two important variables are a word's imageability and its form-class. In the experiments reported here we use a cross-modal priming task to investigate the role that these variables play on the time-course with which word meanings are activated. We present visual target words for lexical decision at different points through the duration of spoken primes. In one study the spoken primes were either abstract or concrete words, and in a second they were either nouns or verbs. We found significant priming for all types of words early in the duration of a spoken prime. We discuss these results in terms of various models of semantic activation, concluding that distributed models provide the best fit to the data.