Meander Line Structure Research Articles

A dual-band meandered line antenna loaded with metasurface for wireless applications

In this paper, a metamaterial inspired meandered line loaded antenna with dual-band characteristics for wireless applications is presented. Initially, the antenna is loaded with a single meandered line structure and operates over a single band with a center frequency of 5.64 GHz and circularly polarized (CP) radiation. Further, it is loaded with two more similar meandered line structures inducing an extra band with a center frequency of 3.4 GHz and hence operating as a dual band antenna with an impedance bandwidth of 11.4% and 33.7%, respectively, exhibiting CP radiation in its second band. Moreover, the antenna is backed with a metasurface (MS) at the ground side with a separation of 18.4 mm to enhance the gain and radiation of the antenna. The antenna exhibits good radiation characteristics with peak gains of 7.66 dBi and 8.7 dBi in the first and second bands, respectively. The antenna is fabricated, and promising experimental results have been observed.

Compact quad-channel filtering diplexer using meander hairpin ring resonator aided by grey wolf algorithm

Abstract In this paper, a compact quad-channel filtering diplexer using meander hairpin ring resonators (M-HRR) aided by grey wolf algorithm (GWA) is proposed. To realize a compact size of the multi-channel diplexer, the form of a meander-line structure is applied to the hairpin ring resonator for the miniaturization of the proposed quad-channel diplexer. Then, using the coupling topology of the 0° feeding structure, a transmission zero (TZ) is generated between two resonant frequencies of M-HRR to improve the band-edge selectivity and band-to-band isolation of the diplexer. To address the problematic challenge of the complexity in designing the multi-channel diplexer with a time-consuming optimization manually, an intelligent GWA is utilized to optimize the physical layout of the designed circuit to achieve the desired performance of the diplexer rapidly. Furthermore, different kinds of intelligent algorithms are implemented and compared under identical conditions. Finally, a quad-channel filtering diplexer centering at 3.28/3.75/4.32/4.75 GHz with 3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 5.4%, 2.9%, 4.9%, and 3.2% respectively is fabricated and measured. The circuit occupies a compact size of 0.22λg × 0.20λg. Good accordance is observed between the simulated and measured frequency responses.

Miniaturized metallic symmetrical resonator backed CPW inspired dual band filter using Meander line for 5G mm‐wave applications

AbstractAn ultra‐miniaturized symmetrical resonator backed coplanar waveguide based dual band pass filter using Meander line for 5G mm‐wave applications is presented. Meander line CPW structure with ultra miniaturized size was designed, investigated and its equivalent circuit was extracted using theoretical and experimental results to explore basic RF characteristics. The resonator at the back side of the substrate is symmetrical in both horizontal and vertical plane. This resonator is electrically coupled with the Meander line structure in the conducting plane. Symmetrical resonator structure coupled with open stubs on both sides on ground plane and Meander line structure with uniform spacing implemented at the conducting layer constitutes the metallic backed Co‐Planar waveguide based dual band filter. By using Meander line, the overall size of the communication devices has been reduced in large scale. The combination of symmetrical resonator and Meander line structure produces the overall bandwidth from (1 to 30) GHz. 5G mm‐wave filter operates in two bands; Band I operates from (1 to 14.2) GHz with insertion loss −1.8 dB and return loss −34 dB with fractional bandwidth of 73.6%; Band II operates from (16.2 to 30) GHz with insertion loss −1.2 dB, return loss −30 dB and fractional bandwidth of 59.7%. The overall filter circuit geometry is (5 × 5 × 1.6) mm and in terms of wavelength: (0.52 × 0.52) λg.

An S-Band Compact Meander-Line Dual-Polarized Rectenna Array Design and Application Demonstration

This paper presents a compact, dual-polarized rectenna array operating at 2.45 GHz and demonstrates its use in a microwave wireless power transmission (MWPT) system. The MWPT system comprises a compact voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a power amplifier (PA), and the dual-polarized rectenna array. The VCO and PA together form a transmitter that delivers an output power of 1 W at 2.45 GHz. The transmitter’s DC power port features a universal type-C interface, which facilitates its use in daily life. We designed a meander-line dipole rectenna that eliminates the matching network between the antenna and diode. The meander-line structure improves the rectenna’s impedance and reduces its size. The measured maximum efficiency of the rectenna is 62.5% at −2 dBm. DC power combining is applied to the rectenna array to achieve dual polarization and voltage boosting simultaneously. The proposed rectenna array is integrated into a commercial digital thermometer. The digital thermometer was powered by the proposed MWPT system, demonstrating its bright prospects for MWPT applications.

Highly miniaturized wideband angular stable linear–circular and linear–cross polarization converter for Ka-band satellite applications

AbstractThis work proposes a novel, extremely miniaturized wideband linear–circular and linear–cross metasurface-enabled reflective polarizer. This design comprises a Meander-line structure with horizontal dipoles as the top frequency selective surface, printed on a 1 mm thin-grounded FR-4 substrate. The x/y-polarized incident electromagnetic wave is converted as circularly polarized from 10.60 to 10.92 GHz (LHCP/RHCP), 12.12 to 17.32 GHz (RHCP/LHCP), and 22.72 to 37.76 GHz (LHCP/RHCP) during reflection with 2.97, 35.33, and 49.74% Fractional Bandwidth (FBW). In addition, this design shows linear–cross conversion with a minimum 90% polarization conversion ratio from 11.41 to 12, 19.01 to 22.34, and 40.74 to 46.82 GHz with an FBW of 5.04, 16.11, and 13.89%. The device performance is considerably stable under different oblique incidences, and the polarizer's unitcell is compact with a structural periodicity of 0.089 × 0.064 $\lambda _L^2$, and ultra-thin low-profile substrate thickness of 0.035λL. The proposed prototype is fabricated, and the measured results are in good agreement with the simulated one. This article also mentions how this polarizer could be tuned for dual-band K- and Ka-band satellite applications. The authors believe that the design's novelty lies in the multiband conversion with circular-polarization orthogonality, a highly miniaturized unitcell's volume of 0.199 $\lambda _L^3$/1000, and better angular stability made this design a potential candidate for real-time satellite applications.

Improved Q-Factor 3D Double-Layered On-Chip Resistor with Shielded Ground Conductor

In this paper, a double-layered structure to form an N-Well meander-line structure by added shielding grounded conductor to improve the quality factor on-chip resistors in high frequency operation is presented. An additionally added shielding ground conductor is applied to the proposed structure to reduce the induced capacitance coupling. and substrate losses for further improvement of the Q factor were also presented. Sonnet EM simulation result validated that double-layered structure via the shielding ground conductor was effective to improve their quality factors by 37.8% from 1.209 to –0.752 and reducing capacitance coupling effect by 57.92% from 55.23fF to 23.24fF during operating frequency at 10 GHz compared with conventional N-Well meander-line resistors. A novel structure in the design of a double-layered on-chip resistor with a shielding grounded conductor showed that capacitance coupling of parasitic effect was reduced; therefore, a low Q factor in high-frequency operations was obtained.

Design of meander line antenna using low tangent loss material

The meander line antenna is designed for wireless application using CST-MWS. The antenna design requires lots of analysis like substrate material, dielectric constant, loss tangents, port selection etc. The FR4 is widely available and chip material for antenna design. But tolerances are quite high because FR4 is a considerably less expensive board. Therefore, it is challenging to determine the relative dielectric constant's exact value. In this research antenna is designed using 4.4 dielectric constant material. A mixture of flame-retardant epoxy resin and glass fabric is used to create the FR4 class of printed circuit board base materials. FR stands for flame retardant and complies with UL94V-0 standards.A two-element meander line antenna is created for this study. The MIMO antenna is 90 × 31 × 1.6 mm3 in total. A single patch meander antenna measures 45x31 mm2. Good isolation performance between antenna elements is produced by the high isolation. The suggested MIMO antenna is designed with meander arms since the basic rectangular traditional patch required more space than the meander line structure did. The recommended antenna's envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.014. The gain of the MIMO antenna is 0.4 dB, and the directivity of the antenna is 6.85 dBi. The MIMO antenna's bandwidth ranges from 4.88 to 4.97 GHz, and it resonate at 4.93 GHz. The antenna has a return loss of −44 dB and a bandwide isolation of more than 22 dB. The material consider here as FR-4 substrate (lossy) (Ɛr = 4.3), h = 0.078 mm and t = 0.07 mm with low tangent losses. The thermal conductivity of material is varies from 2.2 to 2.5 cal/h. cm Deg C. The coefficient of thermal expansion is 11 µm/m/Deg. C. The MIMO antenna performance parameter is evaluated by considering FR-4 material and it is found satisfactory to fulfill the wireless antenna design needs.

Electrically Small Antenna For RFID-Based Implantable Medical Sensor

We present a sub-GHz, low profile Electrically Small Antenna (ESA), designed for UHF RFID miniaturised battery free Implantable Wireless Medical Devices (IWMDs). The custom ESA is a linearly polarised dipole, and its topology leverages a meanderline structure to miniaturise its form factor. Furthermore, the ESA utilises a receded ground plane to improve its gain performance and achieve resonance, at the desired sub-GHz design frequency of 915 MHz. The ESA’s dipole characteristics provide an added benefit of 180∘ bi-directional RF signal propagation. The ESA’s design was optimised to integrate the footprint of a UHF RFID sensor chip (SL900A). By integrating the UHF RFID chip on the ESA, a complete wireless battery free sensory medical device, with an integrated antenna, can be realised. The antenna has a formfactor of 12.75×12.25×0.29 mm3. A prototype of the proposed ESA was fabricated and encapsulated in Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Measurements of the prototyped ESA’s input reflection coefficient (S11) and farfield gain values, at 915 MHz, were -26.44 dB and -18.88 dBi, respectively and demonstrated significantly better gain and efficiency performance, when compared to peer reviewed work. The ESA can be used as an antenna for various battery-free subcutaneous implants with a connected sensor (e.g. temperature) or sactuator (e.g. neurostimulator).

A Low-Profile and Compact Multi-Functional ENG-TL Inspired Antenna with Hybrid Polarizations for LTE/UMTS, WiMAX, and WLAN Applications

A novel low-profile, compact tri-band linearly and dual-sense circularly polarized (CP) antenna realized using via-less epsilon negative transmission line (ENG-TL) is investigated in this paper. The antenna miniaturization has been achieved by the zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) property of ENG-TL, which is actuated by connecting closed-loop octagonal ring radiator to an elliptical stub through a meandered-line structure. Circular polarization is accomplished by etching an L-shaped slot in the partial ground plane. The measured S11 result demonstrates that the proposed antenna features triple-band characteristics spanning from 2.42 to 2.50 GHz, 3.29 to 3.59 GHz and 5.43 to 5.55 GHz with centre frequencies of 2.46, 3.44, and 5.49 GHz, respectively. The antenna is offering linear polarization (LP) in the first and third bands while radiates left-handed CP in the + Z direction in the second band. An exceptional axial ratio (AR) of 0.062 dB has been achieved at 3.49 GHz with 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) extending from 3.35 to 3.67 GHz. This antenna offers an average simulated gain of 1.7 dBi across the CP band while 2.06, 1.75 and 3.67 dBi are acquired at 2.59, 3.53 and 5.62 GHz, respectively. Beside low-profile (0.013λ0 height) and miniaturized size (0.287λ0 × 0.205 λ0 ), intended antenna exhibits extended −10 dB impedance bandwidth, wide 3 dB AR bandwidth and reasonable radiation performance. It covers relevant frequency bands; therefore, it has the potential to be employed in 2.5 GHz LTE/UMTS, 3.5 GHz WiMAX, and 5.5 GHz WLAN applications.

A Novel Meander Line Metamaterial Absorber Operating at 24 GHz and 28 GHz for the 5G Applications

Fifth generation (5G) communication systems deploy a massive MIMO technique to enhance gain and spatial multiplexing in arrays of 16 to 128 antennas. In these arrays, it is critical to isolate the adjacent antennas to prevent unwanted interaction between them. Fifth generation absorbers, in this regard, are the recent interest of many researchers nowadays. The authors present a dual-band novel metamaterial-based 5G absorber. The absorber operates at 24 GHz and 28 GHz and is composed of symmetric meander lines connected through a transmission line. An analytical model used to calculate the total number of required meander lines to design the absorber is delineated. The analytical model is based on the total inductance offered by the meander line structure in an impedance-matched electronic circuit. The proposed absorber works on the principal of resonance and absorbs two 5G bands (24 GHz and 28 GHz). A complete angular stability analysis was carried out prior to experiments for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. Further, the resonance conditions are altered by changing the substrate thickness and incidence angle of the incident fields to demonstrate the functionality of the absorber. The comparison between simulated and measured results shows that such an absorber would be a strong candidate for the absorption in millimetre-wave array antennas, where elements are placed in proximity within compact 5G devices.

Metamaterial-Based Compact Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for 5G and Beyond

In this paper, a unit cell of a single-negative metamaterial structure loaded with a meander line and defected ground structure (DGS) is investigated as the principle radiating element of an antenna. The unit cell antenna causes even or odd mode resonances similar to the unit cell structure depending on the orientation of the microstrip feed used to excite the unit cell. However, the orientation which gives low-frequency resonance is considered here. The unit cell antenna is then loaded with a meander line which is parallel to the split bearing side and connects the other two sides orthogonal to the split bearing side. This modified structure excites another mode of resonance at high frequency when a meander line defect is loaded on the metallic ground plane. Specific parameters of the meander line structure, the DGS shape, and the unit cell are optimized to place these two resonances at different frequencies with proper frequency intervals to enhance the bandwidth. Finally, the feed is placed in an offset position for better impedance matching without affecting the bandwidth The compact dimension of the antenna is 0.25 λL × 0.23 λL × 0.02 λL, where λL is the free space wavelength with respect to the center frequency of the impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. Experimental results reveal that the modified design gives monopole like radiation patterns which achieves a fractional operating bandwidth of 26.6%, from 3.26 to 4.26 GHz for |S11|

An ELC meta-resonator inspired wideband wearable MIMO antenna system for biotelemetry applications

A compact wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for body-centric communication is presented in this article. Initially, an electric field-driven LC metamaterial resonator inspired monopole antenna is developed that exhibits 122.19 % (1.28–5.30 GHz) bandwidth covering 2.4 GHz WLAN and 3.5 GHz WiMAX application bands. Thereafter, the MIMO antenna is proposed, and a pair of meander line structure as a wideband decoupling network is introduced on the ground plane to reduce the inter-element coupling. The proposed antenna holds a reduced mutual coupling and low envelope correlation coefficient over the wideband. To explain the wideband antenna response and its decoupling mechanism, a circuit model analysis is incorporated. Moreover, the proposed antenna demonstrates a robust performance under complex bending and crumpling conditions with an acceptable specific absorption rate (SAR <1.6) during the on-body conditions. Besides, a high data rate link-margin analysis makes the antenna suitable for wireless biotelemetry.

Design and Realization of an UHF Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for Hybrid Connectivity LPWAN and LEO Satellite Networks.

UHF satellite communication for Internet of Things (IoT) technology is rapidly emerging in monitoring applications as it offers the possibility of lower-costs and global coverage. At the present time, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) solutions offer low power consumption, but still suffer from white zones. In this paper, the authors propose an UHF frequency reconfigurable Antenna for hybrid connectivity LoRaWAN (at 868 MHz) and UHF satellite communication (Tx at 401 MHz and Rx at 466 MHz) with the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Kineis constellation. The antenna is based on a meandered line structure loaded with lumped components and a PIN diode to control the antenna resonant frequencies. It resonates at 401 and 868 MHz when the PIN diode is forward-biased (ON state) and 466 MHz in reverse-biased configuration (OFF state). The antenna is designed inside the enclosure with the presence of all the parts of the connected device. The results of EM simulations and parametric studies on the values of the lumped components and the PIN diode equivalent model, which are obtained with HFSS, are presented. The antenna is prototyped and has dimensions of 78 mm × 88 mm × 1.6 mm. The paper proposes a fast and practical method to reduce time development and compensate the frequency shift between measurement and simulation.

Backward-to-Forward Wide-Angle Fast Beam-Scanning Leaky-Wave Antenna With Consistent Gain

A planar periodic leaky-wave antenna (PLWA) with continuous backward-to-forward beam-scanning capability and consistent gain is presented. The PLWA is made of a new type of periodically arranging meander line structures, in which the capacitive coupling between neighboring units plays the key role in achieving a high scanning rate. In detail, the beam-scanning rate of the proposed PLWA is efficiently tuned by varying the gap between two adjacent units, without considerably changing the working frequency band. To mitigate the open stopband (OSB) and to improve the impedance matching, several inductive open stubs are introduced into a single meander line unit cell to enhance the radiation. In the experiment, a prototype of the proposed PLWA was fabricated and measured. The simulated and measured beams show good agreement in terms of scanning range and radiation performance. A continuous beam scanning from -60° to +58° through broadside in the frequency band of 5.95-7.1 GHz is observed, and hence, a 102.6°/GHz scanning rate is realized in practice. Besides, the PLWA shows an average gain level of 11.96 dBi with a variation lower than 2 dB and a sidelobe below -10 dB at all the measured frequencies. The proposed PLWA may have potential applications in radar, microwave imaging, and wireless communication due to its compact structure, easy to fabricate, and dispersionless performance.

Low-Pass Filter Based Integrated 5G Smartphone Antenna for Sub-6-GHz and mm-Wave Bands

To maintain the compactness of future 5G smartphones, integration of sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands is a challenging task due to the large frequency ratio. We, therefore, propose a single-fed triple-band antenna with a large frequency ratio. The proposed antenna is composed of a microstrip patch radiator with an inverted U-shaped slot for dual-band operation in the mm-wave frequencies (28 and 38 GHz). A meandered radiating structure is linked to the microstrip patch radiator through a compact microstrip resonant cell (CMRC) low-pass filter (LPF), which is used for the integration of these structures to be operated at 3.5 GHz. A compact size of 22 mm ×10 mm ×0.508 mm for the proposed antenna was realized by incorporating the radiator slot, an LPF, the truncated ground, and a meandered line structure. Wide, decoupled -10 dB bandwidths of 12.9%, 5.8%, and 2.4% at 3.5, 28, and 38 GHz, respectively, were realized for the proposed MIMO antenna without utilizing an external decoupling structure. A detailed safety study with respect to specific absorption rates and power densities was analyzed in data, reading, and talking modes. Finally, the measurements were performed in an anechoic chamber, and the measured results were in a good correlation with the simulation results.

Isolation improvement of dual-/quad-element textile MIMO antenna for 5G application

A compact wideband dual-/quad-element multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna, using jeans textile material for WiMAX (IEEE 802.16d) and 5G application band, is proposed. The wideband nature of basic single element antenna with a frequency span of 2.74 to 4.41 GHz (47%) is analyzed in detail by using circuit model representation. Thereafter, in order to resolve different practical issues, such as multipath fading, shadowing and scattering of electromagnetic waves as well as human body effect, wideband compact quad-element MIMO antenna is presented. To improve isolation characteristics, meander line structures are integrated in-between the antenna elements. Isolation is achieved greater than 19dB over the whole application band. The diversity parameters such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC < 0.2), diversity gain (DG > 9.6) and mean effective gain (MEG = ±0.3dB) are found within the satisfactory ranges. Measured outcomes are also good enough to confirm the antenna as a suitable contender for wearable scenarios.

Integration of Sub-6-GHz and mm-Wave Bands With a Large Frequency Ratio for Future 5G MIMO Applications

The integration of sub-6-GHz and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands has become an important issue for future fifth generation (5G) wireless communications owing to their large frequency ratios. This paper proposes a compact-size dual-function antenna operating at 3.5 GHz and the mm-wave band (28 GHz) for 5G mobile applications using a frequency reconfigurability technique. The proposed antenna comprises a microstrip patch linked with a meandered radiating structure through a radio frequency PIN diode to achieve frequency reconfigurability between the two bands. A significant size reduction up to 15.3 mm × 7.2 mm × 0.508 mm for the proposed antenna was achieved using a meandered line structure and truncated ground plane. To enhance the functionality, 8 × 8 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) with possible long- and short-edge antenna placement configurations were demonstrated. The system exhibited satisfactory MIMO characteristics with wide decoupling -10 dB bandwidths of 7.4% and 4.8% at the low- and high-frequency bands, respectively, without utilizing any external decoupling structure. The simulated results were validated using fabricated prototypes, and good agreement was observed. Additionally, a safety analysis based on the specific absorption rate and power density at the prescribed frequency bands was conducted using a realistic human model, and the results were found to be in accordance with the safety guidelines. Owing to the integration of sub-6-GHz and mm-wave bands in a single compact structure with a large frequency ratio and good MIMO performance, the proposed antenna system is suitable for future 5G mobile handheld devices.

Linear regression of sensitivity for meander line parasitic resonator based on ENG metamaterial in the application of sensing

In this article, a meander line with parasitic resonator based on ENG metamaterial is introduced, with nonlinear regression of sensitivity for sensing applications. The unit cell is manufactured on a dielectric substrate of FR-4 with a thickness of 1.5 mm. The electrical dimension of the optimized cell is 0.098λ×0.094λ, where λ is the calculated wavelength at 7.2 GHz resonance frequency. A sensor has been designed by the unit cell to measure the thickness of the polypropylene. The offered metamaterial architecture exhibits resonance frequency 7.2 GHz at C-band with the amplitude of −21.72 dB. The NRW approach based MATLAB software shows properties with an ENG behavior and permeability close to zero. For the analysis procedure, a frequency domain solver with the frequency range of 2–12 GHz was used. ADS software verified the scattering parameters (coefficient of transmission) of the equivalent circuit for the corresponding unit cell with the CST result. The result indicates that this design has SNG features at C-band. The EMR (effective medium ratio) of this suggested unit cell is 10.60 at 7.2 GHz resonance frequency. The bandwidth of the optimized cell is 6.75–7.36 GHz, and the negative permittivity region is 7.2–7.8 GHz 1 × 2, 2 × 2, 4 × 4, and 16 × 16 array of unit cell results have been examined. All the array results show the same with the unit cell. Substrate material has also been changed to see the effect of resonance frequency in the parametric study. Finally, the proposed meander line structure performance was further simulated numerically and experimentally investigated for sandwich combination thickness sensing. It shows a narrow bandwidth sensing range between 6.25 and 6.47 GHz with significant sensitivity (S) and accuracy. The design complies with superior effective medium parameters and affords miniaturization factor for the size. Due to its low profile and high EMR, the planned ENG metamaterial can be a suitable C-band aspirant for sensing applications.

Study on an X-Band Sheet Beam Meander-Line SWS

The miniaturized traveling wave tube (TWT) is a kind of high-efficiency, high-power, long-lifetime power amplifier which is an attractive choice for many applications, such as outer space exploration, phased array radar detection, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication, and on-chip application. In this article, a sheet beam miniaturized TWT with V-shaped meander-line slow wave structure (SWS) supported by two trapezoidal ceramic rods is designed. First, the dispersion characteristics, the impedance characteristics, and the S-parameters of the V-shaped meander-line SWS are analyzed in detail. Then, the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results predict that the TWT can produce 512-W output power driven by a 7.1 kV, 0.3-A sheet beam with a rectangular cross-sectional area of 3.5 mm $\times0.1$ mm. The TWT can cover the whole ${X}$ -band when the operation voltage shift from 7.1 to 9.1 kV. At last, the V-shaped meander-line SWS is manufactured, assembled, and tested. The good agreement between the simulated and the measured ${S} _{\mathbf {11}}$ has been achieved and the mismatch between the simulated and the measured ${S} _{\mathbf {21}}$ has been discussed at the end.

Reduction of Mutual Coupling in Compact Antenna Array Using Meander Line Slot EBG Structure

This paper presents the design and the fabrication of a compact Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna array with very low mutual coupling, operating in the 2.4 GHz band. The compact design is achieved by the introduction of a meander line structure in the conventional patch antenna. The reduced mutual coupling of about 52 dB is realized by inserting a periodic array of Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) elements in the radiating antenna elements. A prototype of the proposed antenna array has been manufactured on an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a height of 1.6 mm. The excellent agreement between simulated and measured data confirms the performance of the proposed antenna array in a MIMO environment. This MIMO antenna array has a compact size of 0.40λ0×0.2λ0. For the validation of the results, the overall dimensions and the isolation level of the proposed design have been compared with designs previously reported in the literature and it has been found out that the proposed design is superior in both isolation level and compactness than its counterparts.