Mean Values Of Cholesterol Research Articles

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Women with Psoriasis

Objectives: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The exact cause of psoriasis is unclear; nevertheless, it is thought to be complex including several key components such as genetic predisposition, triggers from the environment, skin barrier disruption, and immunological dysfunction. About 85–90% of all psoriatic patients present with plaque type of psoriasis. The systemic nature of psoriasis makes an independent risk factor for cardiac disease. The main objective is to find the association between lipid profile, arterial stiffness, and psoriasis among female patients. Materials and Methods: Female patients with psoriasis in the age group of 20–50 years were selected. The duration of the study was 1 year. For lipid profile, after 12 h of fasting, 5 mL of blood was taken and analyzed by kit method using Transasia RX 1000. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations were estimated using the Friedewald formula. Arterial stiffness was measured using an oscillometric noninvasive arteriography. Right brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (RbaPWV), left brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (LbaPWV), and carotid femoral pulse wave velocity were measured in cm/s. Results: In the present study, 28% of the females were <38 years and 44% of females were in the range of 39–46 years. The mean value of cholesterol was (263.66 ± 47.74), Triglyceride (188.38 ± 27.56), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (50.06 ± 18.05) LDL (171.60 ± 33.98), and very LDL (89.74 ± 13.361) mg/dL, respectively. Significant correlation was found between LbaPWV and Psoriasis (0.03), HDL and psoriasis (0.04), and psoriasis and RbaPWV (0.01). Conclusion: We conclude that psoriasis patients have hyperlipidemia, which will increase arterial stiffness and may lead to cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). Variables such as lipid profiles and arterial stiffness may be used as screening tools for the early detection of CVDs.

PREVALENCE OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AMONG YOUNG WOMEN WHO ATTENDED TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, VISAKHAPATNAM

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of PCOS among young adults attended to medical OP in a Tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials: It is a retrospective study conducted in a Tertiary care teaching hospital, Visakhapatnam using existing records in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The study was conducted from July 2021 to July 2023. The study population includes young adults of age in between 18-30 y. PCOS was defined by Rotterdam's criteria having presence of any two of the three features. Hormonal assays were conducted using immunoradiometric assay for TSH, LH, FSH. Results: Majority of the PCOS cases 39% were reported in the age group of 26-30 Y. Among the 100 cases reported, the majority of them are reported with menstrual irregularity 62%. However, it was identified from the results that the mean values of cholesterol and triglycerides levels are quite higher suggested hyperlipidemia. The hormonal levels of TSH, LH and FSH were normal. Conclusion: Although the overall frequency of PCOS is low and evaluating PCOS in young adults can be difficult, the condition is becoming more common at this age. Changes in lifestyle are essential at this age to avoid long-term metabolic and reproductive issues.

#2904 Chronic kidney disease staging in the very old: the role of cystatin C

Abstract Background and Aims Over the past decade, an unanswered question has emerged: which is the best equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in older patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)? Despite the lack of consensus, cystatin C appears to hold promise, as it is not influenced by factors often affected in the very elderly, such as muscle mass or protein intake, offsetting the limitations of creatinine-dependent formulas. This may have implications for correctly classifying patients across the different stages of CKD. The aim of this study is to analyze the concordance between different eGFR formulas and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula combining the use of creatinine and cystatin C (CKD-EPIcr-cys), which is recommended by the European Renal Best Practice Group. Method A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with patients ≥85 years old with CKD admitted to an Acute Geriatric Unit due to acute illness over a period of four months. Variables included age, sex, previous Barthel Index (BI), dementia (defined by Reisberg's GDS≥4), frailty (FRAIL scale ≥3), polypharmacy (≥5 drugs), comorbidities (degree of CKD according to CKD-EPI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, chronic heart failure (CHF), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)), nutritional and laboratory parameters (Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), body mass index (BMI), serum cholesterol and albumin, glucose, glycated hemoglobin), and estimated glomerular filtration rate at admission by CKD-EPIcr-cys, CKD-EPIcys, CKD-EPI, MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Kappa index were used to analyze concordance. Results A total of 407 patients were recruited, with a mean age of 90.7±4.1 years, 68.1% female. The previous BI was 59.1±32.3. Dementia was present in 28.3%. Frailty was noted in 66.6%, and polypharmacy in 90.9%. CKD stage: G3a (37.6%), G3b (44.2%), G4 (17.7%), G5 (0.5%). Comorbidities included hypertension (90.7%), CHF (68.3%), dyslipidemia (53.8%), and diabetes mellitus (37.8). The CCI was 2.9±1.8. MNA-SF score was 9.5±2.4 (18.4% malnutrition), and average BMI was 28±5.5 kg/m2 (29% obesity). The mean values for cholesterol, albumin, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin were 156.3±47.7 mg/dL, 35.5±4.6 g/L, 126.1±91.3 mg/dL, and 5.9±2%, respectively. The eGFR at admission according to CKD-EPIcr-cys was 31.9±12.2 mL/min/1.73 m2, while using CKD-EPI, CKD-EPIcys, MDRD, and Cockcroft-Gault were 37.5±14.5 mL/min/1.73 m2, 28.2±12.1 mL/min/1.73 m2, 42.8±16 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 30.4±11.7 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The formulas showed high concordance with CKD-EPIcr-cys: CKD-EPI (ICC=0.90 [0.52 to 0.96; p < 0.001]), CKD-EPIcys (ICC=0.94 [0.79 to 0.97; p < 0.001]), MDRD (ICC=0.80 [-0.14 to 0.94; p < 0.001]), Cockcroft-Gault (ICC=0.86 [0.82 to 0.88; p < 0.001]). However, when comparing stratification into different stages of CKD, the concordance with the various formulas was lower: CKD-EPI (k=0.4; p < 0.001), CKD-EPIcys (k=0.59; p < 0.001), MDRD (k=0.12; p < 0.001), Cockcroft-Gault (k=0.4; p < 0.001). When referencing CKD-EPIcr-cys, it is notable that only 34.3% of patients were correctly classified using MDRD, followed by CKD-EPI (57.1%), Cockcroft-Gault (59.8%), and CKD-EPIcys (73%). Specifically, of the patients classified as stage G4 according to CKD-EPIcr-cys, there was a reclassification to stage G3b in 2.1% (CKD-EPIcys), 18.1% (Cockcroft-Gault), 33.3% (CKD-EPI), and 52.1% (MDRD). Conclusion

P359 A POSSIBLE ROLE OF A NOVEL NUTRACEUTICAL COMPOUND FOR IBS IN TRIGLYCERIDES–LOWERING EFFECT

Abstract In the last few years, growing evidence indicate that gut miocrobiome is linked to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and atherosclerotic disorders. The effect on lipid metabolism seems to be one of the potential mechanisms by which gut microbiome might favour the atherosclerotic process. IBS is a functional bowel disorder defined by the presence of recurrent episodes of abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habits. In this retrospective study the effect of a novel nutraceutical compound, namely Triobiotix, on gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS patients has been evaluated. Effects on lipid profile have been also recorded. Triobiotix is a nutraceutical consisting of: maltodextrin; mineralized extract of Lithothamnion; Bioecolians® gluco–oligosaccharides; ferment mix; short–chain fructo–oligosaccharides powder. We analyzed the database of 40 Italian General Practitioners (GPs). A total of 587 patients with IBS and on Triobiotix were identified. Of these, in only 535 patients, a complete first and second control data was available. The primary endpoint of these analysis was to assess whether Triobiotix resulted in a reduction in pain and meteorism, thus resulting in a lesser intensity of the main gastrointestinal symptoms. Secondary endpoints were to look for significative changes in lab values of total cholesterol, triglycerides levels and glycaemia. Treatment with Triobiotix for four weeks resulted in a reduction in the frequency and intensity of bloating, abdominal pain, and tenesmus. Unexpectedly, at the T1 control, mean cholesterol values were significatively reduced compared to the TO evaluation. Triglycerides levels were also significantly decreased (186.37+66.4 vs. 176.13+67.9; p < 0.05). Our analysis showed an unexpected effect of this combination of micronutrients on lipid profile beyond IBS symptoms. However, further studies are needed to confirm this evidence and to evaluate the particular compound responsible of this effect. A goal of LDL–C less of 115mg/dL is desirable for patients at low to moderate CVR, a significative portion of population is far from this target. The discovery of novel micronutrients combinations with cholesterol lowering effects could be of great importance for the management of patients with low–moderate dyslipidaemia.

EVALUATION OF LIPID PROFILE AND LIVER FUNCTION PARAMETERS IN OBESE AND NON-OBESE HYPERTENSIVE INDIVIDUALS ATTENDED TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Objective: In this study, lipid profile parameters and liver function parameters were measured and correlated in hypertensive obese and non-obese patients who were attended a tertiary care teaching hospital.
 Methods: This study is a retrospective observational, cross-sectional study over the course of a year in a tertiary care hospital. All adult patients with hypertension, both obese and non-obese, are included in the study population. The study involved 150 participants in total, including obese and non-obese people (71 men and 79 women). Standard techniques were used to assess the serum levels of TG, TC, LDL, HDL, and liver enzymes such SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin, and ALP. Moreover, BMI was calculated for both study groups. The association between elevated lipid profile markers and liver enzyme abnormalities was assessed by correlation analysis.
 Results: Out of 150 samples size comprises 75 obese and 75 non-obese individuals, 71 males and 79 females were reported in the current study. Our study gives very good association between lipid profiles to almost all LFT and the highest is shown between HDL, LDL and VLDL to all LFT. There was a high significant difference was noticed between the obese and non-obese individuals in relation to bilirubin (D) concentration, SGOT and SGPT between the two groups P<0.0001. The levels of albumin were lowered and the significant variations were noticed between the two groups. The mean values of cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides were very high in obese individuals than non-obese individuals and the HDL was lower in obese individuals.
 Conclusion: The study found that liver function variables and abnormal lipid profiles were highly prevalent in obese hypertension patients. In participants with dyslipidemia, increased liver enzymes were seen more frequently.

682 UNEXPECTED TRIGLYCERIDES-LOWERING EFFECT OF A NOVEL NUTRACEUTICAL COMPOUND FOR IBS

Abstract Background In the last few years the role of gut microbiome in human health has been reported. Growing evidence indicate that it is linked to intestinatal diseases, such as the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and atherosclerotic disorders. The effect on lipid metabolism seems to be one of the potential mechanisms by which gut microbiome might favour the atherosclerotic process. IBS is a functional bowel disorder defined by the presence of recurrent episodes of abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habits. The severity of psychological and gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS has been linked with a distinct intestinal microbiota signature. In this retrospective study the effect of a novel nutraceutical compound, namely Triobiotix, on gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS patients has been evaluated. Effects on lipid profile have bee also recorded. Methods Triobiotix is a nutraceutical consisting of: Maltodextrin; mineralized extract of Lithothamnion (Lithothamnion calcareum (Pallas) Areschoug, thallus dry extract); Bioecolians® gluco-oligosaccharides; Ferment mix (corn starch, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis BLC1 (DSM 17741), Lactobacillus acidophilus LA3 (DSM 17742), Lactobacillus rhamnosus IMC 501 (DSM 16104), Lactobacillus paracasei Streptococc5 501 IMC102 SP4 (DSM 19385); short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides powder. The database of 40 Italian General Practitioners (GPs) were analyzed. At total of 587 patients with IBS and on Triobiotix were identified. Of these in only 535, a complete first and second control data was available. The primary endpoint of these analysis was to assess whether Triobiotix resulted in a reduction in pain and meteorism, thus resulting in a lesser intensity of the main gastrointestinal symptoms. Secondary endpoints were to look for significative changes in lab values of total cholesterol, triglycerides levels and glycaemia. Results Treatment with Triobiotix for four weeks resulted in a reduction in the frequency and intensity of bloating, abdominal pain, and tenesmus. Unexpectedly, at the T1 control, mean cholesterol values were significatively reduced compared to the T0 evaluation. Triglycerides levels were also significantly decreased (186.37±66.4 vs. 176.13±67.9; p < 0.05). Conclusions Our analysis showed an unexpected effect of this combination of micronutrients on lipid profile beyond IBS symptoms. However, further studies are needed to confirm this evidence and to evaluate the particular compound responsible of this effect. A goal of LDL-C less of 115mg/dL is desirable for patients at low to moderate CVR, a significative portion of population is far from this target. The discovery of novel micronutrients combinations with cholesterol lowering effects could be of great importance for the management of patients with low-moderate dyslipidaemia.

Lipid Profile in PTS of Type 02 Diabetes Mellitus with & without Hypertension

Introduction: Diabetes causes hyperglycemia, glucose, lipid, and protein metabolic issues owing to insufficient insulin production or activity resulting in dyslipidemia and hypertension. Dyslipidemia raises triglycerides, free fatty acids, and serum HDL cholesterol, causing cardiovascular events including high blood pressure. Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the serum lipid profiles of type 02 diabetics with and without hypertension. Study layout The research strategy is experimental, using a comparative study method. Methodology: Mercy Teaching Hospital and Prime Hospital, Peshawar, performed the study. 6-month research. Peshawar's Prime and Mercy Teaching Hospitals conducted lab tests from July to December 2021. Descriptive-analytic research was our objective. Cases and controls were chosen among 200 type 02 diabetics. Cases comprised type 02 diabetics with hypertension; controls had none. Blood cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL were measured. Statisticians utilised SPSS 24. Comparing groups' means using a student T-test. Result: Patients averaged 51.33 6.35 years old. Our patients were mostly 41-50. 82 (41%) men and 112 (59%) women participated in our research. Mean blood cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) values in cases and controls were 211.40 101.64 mg/dL vs 158.88 31.84 mg/dL, 307.95 167.17 mg/dL vs 154.39 59.12 mg/dL, and 115.57 82.26 mg/dL vs 94.40 Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL values were significant (p0.01). Serum HDL in controls (44.23 6.41mg/dL) was greater than in controls (41.13 4.96mg/dL) but not statistically significant (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study found that hyperlipidemia is common in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension, However the mechanism of this connection is uncertain. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus type 2 , Dyslipidemia, hypertension, Peshawar, Pakistan

Hemato-biochemical Profile of Ostriches (Struthio Camelus) based on Gender and Age of Birds

The present study was conducted to determine the hematobiochemical analysis of ostrich (Struthio camelus) with respect to gender and progressive age. A total of 40 apparently healthy ostriches of both genders and two progressive age groups; young one (1 year to 2.4 years: group A); and adult (2.5 years to 5 years: group B) in equal number were used in this study. Blood samples were collected from the wing vein of the ostriches maintained in one of the ostrich farms near the Gogra in Pakistan. For hematobiochemistry analysis, the serum samples were obtained by centrifugation @ 500g for ten minutes) of collected blood samples and kept in 1ml aliquots. The hematobiochemical parameters included total protein, glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma Glutamyl transferase, lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. The results showed a significant age-related difference (P<0.05) in all serum biochemical values, however, the non-significant difference (P<0.05) were observed in males and females within the same age group. The mean values of cholesterol, HDL-C, uric acid and creatinine were non-significant (P>0.05) between two age groups from immature to adult age and between the genders of the same age group. The statistical analysis explained that sodium (Na) and potassium (K) values were significantly (P<0.05) increased in immature than the adult ostriches. Keeping in view these findings, we may conclude that this preliminary study embarked on establishing a set of reference values in serum biochemistry of ostrich in Pakistan.

Comparison of Lipid Profile Components in Different Degrees of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Northern Part of Iran

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly. Objectives: Due to the increasing rate of aging and the possible role of impaired lipid metabolism as a critical pathogenic factor in AMD, this study investigated the association between serum lipid profile and AMD in the elderly of the north of Iran. Methods: This nested case-control study (as a part of the comparative cohort of “The Amirkola Health and Ageing Project”) was performed on 77 patients with AMD and 231 healthy individuals over 60 years of age. During the ophthalmic examination, tropicamide 1% eye drops were used to dilate the pupil. Fluorescein angiography was used to diagnose AMD. Serum lipid profile components, such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), were measured in blood samples through standard laboratory methods. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 24). Results: The triglycerides mean values in AMD patients and controls were 123.32 ± 56.27 and 138.32 ± 69.58 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.075). The cholesterol mean values were 184.75 ± 43.87 and 189.59 ± 43.52 mg/dL in AMD patients and controls, respectively (P = 0.402). The LDL mean values in AMD patients and controls were 101.42 ± 32.08 and 103.45 ± 30.83 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.621). The HDL mean values were 48.94 ± 11.93 and 50.37 ± 12.18 mg/dL in the AMD patients and controls, respectively (P = 0.365). Additionally, there was no significant difference between the different degrees of AMD in terms of mean triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL. Conclusions: In the present study, no significant association was observed between the levels of serum lipid profile components and AMD. In addition, no significant difference was observed between different degrees of AMD in terms of serum lipid profile components.

Comparison of glucose and lipid values in cord blood of newborns with small, normal and large birth weight according to gestational age

Objective: Fetal growth is a complex process influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Environmental factors such as glucose, lipids and amino acids play a role in growth of the fetus. Glucose, insulin and lipid levels in the cord blood can change the birth weight according to the gestational age of the newborn. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between glucose, insulin and lipid levels in cord blood of newborns with small (SGA), normal (AGA) and large (LGA) birth weight according to gestational age. Materials and Methods: 358 term newborns born in our hospital between January 2019 and January 2020 were included in the study. By looking at the weight percentile of the newborns, those with birth weight below the 10th percentile were considered as SGA newborns, those with birth weight of 10-90 percentiles as AGA newborns, and those with birth weight above the 90th percentile were considered as LGA newborns. Insulin, glucose, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels of umbilical cord blood were studied after delivery. Results: Of 358 newborns included in the study, 27 (7.5%) were SGA, 312 (87.2%) were AGA, and 19 (5.3%) were LGA. The mean insulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride values of the newborns in all three groups were compared. Cord blood glucose value was found lower as significantly in newborns with SGA. There was not significant difference between cord blood insulin, cholesterol and triglyceride levels of SGA, AGA and LGA newborns. Conclusion: In our study, significant correlation was found between birth weight and cord blood glucose and cholesterol levels.

Serum lipids and suicidal risk among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

A systematic review of literature was conducted to determine the association between serum lipids and suicidality in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We undertook a systematic search of multiple databases for studies that ascertained an association between serum lipids and suicidality in adult patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (18-65years) from database inception to 2 September 2020. Qualitative analysis was done using National Institute of Health (NIH) scales. The standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each study and standardized relative to the study. Adjusted p-value, Z-test, and heterogeneity were calculated, as well as testing for publication bias. Of 1262 records identified, 17 studies (n=3113) were included in our systematic review, while 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The majority of studies (11) rated fair on qualitative analysis. Data from seven studies (n=1597) revealed a medium effect size for an association between low total cholesterol and suicide attempts (SMD -0.560; 95% CI: 0.949-0.170; p = 0.005). People with history of suicide attempt had a mean cholesterol value 0.56 SD lower than the mean in those without suicide attempts. There were differences in how a suicide attempt was defined and there was high heterogeneity (I2 = 83.3%). No significant association was found between any of the serum lipid parameters and suicide ideation. Funnel-plot analysis suggested small study effects with publication bias. Suicide attempts in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders are associated with low mean total cholesterol levels.

Switch Data From the Open-Label Extension of the Pivotal Phase 3 Study of Once Weekly Somatrogon Compared to Daily Somatropin in Pediatric Patients With Growth Hormone Deficiency (pGHD)

Abstract Objectives: Somatrogon (hGH-CTP) is a long acting recombinant human growth hormone, consisting of the amino acid sequence of hGH and three copies of the carboxy-terminal peptide (CTP) of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) being developed as a once weekly treatment for children with pGHD. This report summarizes data from the first year of the optional open-label extension (OLE) of the pivotal phase 3 global trial (ClinicalTrials. gov: NCT02968004), comparing the efficacy and safety of children switched from Genotropin (rhGH; somatropin) to somatrogon (Geno/Soma) and children maintained on somatrogon (Soma/Soma). Methods: During the main study, 224 children were randomized to receive either once weekly somatrogon (0.66 mg/kg, n=109) or once daily Genotropin (0.24 mg/kg/wk, n=115) for 12 months. Of these, 222 completed the 12-month main study, and 212 chose to enter the OLE study. By Sept 30, 2020, 161 children (including 76 Geno/Soma) had complete auxological data at month 12 of the OLE. Results: At the end of the main study, mean height velocity and gain in height SDS for the somatrogon cohort were 10.10 cm/year and 0.92; for the Genotropin cohort these were 9.78 cm/year and 0.87. Baseline values for the OLE (Soma/Soma group and Geno/Soma group, respectively): height SDS was -1.95 and -1.84, BMI was 17.03 and 15.48 kg/m2 while bone age was 6.54 and 6.40 years. At month 12 (of the OLE), the mean height velocity and the change in height SDS was 8.04 cm/year and 0.41 (Soma/Soma group) and 8.21 cm/year and 0.47 (Geno/Soma group); BMI was 18.07 and 17.49 kg/m2 and bone age was 8.48 and 8.41 years. IGF-1 SDS values were 1.15, and 1.28, while the IGFBP-3 SDS were 0.29 and 0.42, respectively. Dose reductions were required in 16.3% and 20.4% of patients due to IGF-1 SDS >2. Pubertal status changed from Tanner 1 (at OLE baseline) for 13.6% of Soma/Soma patients and 14.6% of Geno/Soma patients. Mean glucose, HbA1c, thyroid function (free T4 and TSH) and cholesterol (total, LDL and HDL) values remained similar to baseline in both groups across the 12 months OLE. The majority of adverse events in both cohorts were mild to moderate (Soma/Soma 94.2%, Geno/Soma 93.5%) and there were no clinically concerning safety observations. During the first 12 months of the OLE six patients discontinued in the Geno/Soma group due to AEs vs zero in the Soma/Soma group. Conclusions: Height velocities and change in height SDS in the OLE were similar between the Geno/Soma and Soma/Soma cohorts. The main phase of the global pivotal phase 3 trial demonstrated that somatrogon (hGH-CTP) given once weekly is non-inferior to Genotropin (hGH) while the OLE demonstrated that catch-up growth continued into the second year of treatment, with ‘switch’ from Genotropin to somatrogon non-inferior to somatrogon given for two years. Metabolic (glycemic, lipid and thyroid) parameters were similar between groups and not meaningfully different from the main study.

Relationship between the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome and lipid profile in patients with tip 2 diabetes mellitus

Background/Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) accelerates the development of neuropathy, and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common form of entrapment neuropathy. The pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy is multifactorial with its vascular and metabolic factors. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship among the electrophysiological severity of CTS, lipid profile and serum atherogenic index in patients with Type 2 DM. Methods: In this hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study, we retrospectively evaluated 202 type 2 DM patients, who presented to the electrophysiology laboratory of Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine between 2016-2019 and investigated the relationship among the electrophysiological severity of CTS, lipid profile and serum atherogenic index of 131 patients diagnosed with CTS. Results: The patients with CTS had significantly higher values of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c compared to those without CTS (P=0.010). In terms of the severity of CTS, the patients were divided into three groups as mild, moderate, severe. In terms of the lipid panel, the mean values of cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-C were similar among the groups (P=0.098, P=0.321, P=0.706), while LDL-C levels were higher in the severe CTS group. (P=0.024). There was a significant positive correlation between age (R=0.126 P=0.004), HbA1c (R=0.245, P=0.002) and CTS severity. Conclusion: We identified a relationship between CTS severity and LDL-C. CTS should be considered in patients with DM and hyperlipidemia. Further larger-scale studies with control groups are recommended.

Assessment of Hemato-biochemical, mineral and oxidative changes in postpartum anoestrous (true anoestrus) Murrah Buffaloes

The present study was aimed to assess the hemato-biochemical, mineral and oxidative changes in postpartum anoestrous Murrah buffaloes. A total of 30 multiparous buffaloes of almost same age and body weight were used for the experiment. The experimental group I (GI) consisted of 15 postpartum anoestrous buffaloes (PPA) and control group II (GII) consisted of 15 normal cyclic buffaloes. Blood samples were collected by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters. Further, the serum was separated from another aliquot of blood sample and utilized for biochemical, mineral, MDA and SOD activity. The mean Hb, PCV, glucose, cholesterol and phosphorous values were significantly (p 0.05) difference was observed in total protein and calcium concentration between groups. From the present study, it was concluded that postpartum anoestrous can be attributed to oxidative stress, which induces significant changes in hemato-biochemical and mineral profile.

Effect of Ramadan on glucose levels, serum lipid profile, and blood pressure among fasting and nonfasting medical students in a public university of Karachi

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Ramadan fasting on blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipid profile, and serum proteins between non-Muslim and fasting Muslim students. Methodology: The study was conducted on undergraduate medical students of a medical university of Karachi. Participants were invited for data collection: in the last 10 days of Shaban, Ramadan, and Shawwal. Along with blood pressure, height, and weight were measured and a sample of 10 cc blood was also drawn in each visit. Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, lipid profile, and serum protein. Two samples, “t”-test and repeated measure design analysis of variance were utilized for statistical analysis. Results: Sixty Muslims and 15 non-Muslim students completed all the three visits. Seventy-five percent were females. Mean systolic blood pressure reduced significantly in Ramadan. Mean diastolic blood pressure reduced noticeably in Ramadan and Shawwal for non-Muslim students and minor changes occurred in Muslim students. Even though the fasting blood sugar increased insignificantly from Shaban to Ramadan in the total sample, but the increment among Muslim students showed a significant increase. The mean cholesterol value of Muslim students significantly increased in Ramadan but decreased in Ramadan for non-Muslim students. The mean value of low-density lipoprotein increased significantly in Ramadan for Muslim students but decreased in Ramadan for non-Muslim. The mean values of triglyceride showed a significant reduction from Shaban to Ramadan and then increased in Shawwal. Conclusion: The study revealed that the environment of Ramadan was helpful to the non-Muslim students more than the Muslim students, with respect to the biochemical parameters.

Serum Uric Acid Level and Severity of Ischemic Stroke

A stroke is the third most common cause of death and the fourth most common cause of infection. Stroke is characterized by the WHO as a clinical condition involving the rapid development of clinical indications of a central aggravation of cerebral capacity lasting more than 24 hours or causing death without a clear reason other than a vascular source. In the present study, a large part of the cases of intense ischemic stroke were found among the males. In the present study, mean cholesterol values, triglyceride values are directly proportional to the severity of the ischemic stroke, among the study subjects. In the present study, 8% cases died, while 92% discharged at home. The current study proved the association of serum uric acid levels with the severity of the acute ischemic stroke.

Study of the pattern of dyslipidemia in urban population of central Madhya Pradesh

Introduction: Increase in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and low HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C) is known to be a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial ischaemia. Studies have shown that dyslipidemia in Indians show a unique pattern of low HDL-C, high triglycerides, and high LDL-C but such studies are few and far between. The present study was undertaken in our diagnostic centre with the aim of determining the trends in the lipid values of urban population of Indore and also to determine the gender differences in the cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, Triglycerides values in the study population. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on a total of 5857 patients of all ages and both sexes registered in our diagnostic centre for lipid profile test on 22,23 and 24 November 2019. Dyslipidemia was defined as per the National cholesterol education programme (NCEP) and ATPIII criteria. Statistical analysis was performed on all lipid parameters and expressed as mean ± SD and median. Results: The mean age of females was 49±12.7 years and males was 51±13.9 years with a male to female ratio of 1.34:1. The mean cholesterol value was 167.7±35.8 mg/dl and was highest in 41-50 years age group with a mean of 172.7±34.7 mg/dl.The mean triglycerides value was 140.1±79.8 mg/dl and was highest in 41-50 years of age group. The mean HDL -C was 40.5±9.7 mg/dl. Mean LDL-C was 99.3±29.5 mg/dl. The risk ratio > 4.5 was observed in 2290(39%) patients out of which 1596(47.47%) were males and 694(27.82%) were females. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease and stroke and there is an alarming increase in the incidence of CAD in younger age groups. Large scale, cross sectional, population based Studies on the pattern of dyslipidemia are needed to frame a health care policy which would be more preventive and predictive in future Keywords: Dyslipidemia, HDL-C, LDL-C, CHD, Hypercholesterolemia, Hyp

Antioxidant potential of guava leaves extracts and their effects on hyperlipidemia

Antioxidant potential of guava leaves extracts and their effects on hyperlipidemia

The effect of atorvastatin on haemostatic parameters in apparently healthy dogs.

To determine the effect of atorvastatin on haemostatic parameters as measured by prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thromboelastography in apparently healthy dogs administered 2mg/kg orally once daily for 1week. Prospective study of 20 apparently healthy client-owned dogs at a small animal specialty hospital. Dogs had a baseline complete blood count, serum chemistry profile, fibrinogen, platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thromboelastography performed. Each dog was then administered approximately 2mg/kg of atorvastatin orally once daily for 1 week, and the laboratory tests were repeated. Adverse effects attributed to atorvastatin were recorded. All 20 enrolled dogs completed the study. Dogs received a median dose of 2.06 mg/kg (range 1.94 to 2.44 mg/kg) atorvastatin once daily, which was associated with a significant increase in pulse rate, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, albumin and a significant decrease in mean corpuscular volume, cholesterol and lipase values compared with baseline. On thromboelastography, there was a significant increase in maximum amplitude, G, coagulation index, amplitude at 30 minutes, amplitude at 60minutes and significant decrease in percentage of clot lysed at 30 minutes and percentage of clot lysed at 60 minutes values compared with baseline. Six dogs had a noticeable increase in appetite. The results of this study suggest that atorvastatin may produce a procoagulant effect in dogs, although the clinical significance is unclear. Polyphagia was the most commonly reported adverse effect.

Evaluation of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 and ATP2B1 Genes as Cardiovascular Risk Predictors in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Introduction:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of morbidity and premature mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene product TCF4 is a transcription factor that acts as a downstream effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and may be important in the development of both type 2 diabetes and renal development and disease. It is, therefore, plausible that mutations in this gene could manifest themselves in reduced kidney function or kidney disease through their effects on hyperglycemia as well as independent of this mechanism. The ATP2B1 gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 1, which removes bivalent calcium ions from eukaryotic cells against very large concentration gradients and is responsible for controlling the contraction and dilation of vascular smooth muscles.Aim and Objectives:The aims of this study are (1) to evaluate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TCF7L2 gene as cardiovascular risk predictors in CKD and (2) to evaluate SNPs of ATP2B1 gene as cardiovascular risk predictors in CKD.Subjects and Methods:Fifty clinically diagnosed CKD patients in the age group between 20 and 60 years of both genders were selected as cases and fifty healthy participants from the master health checkup department were selected as controls. Genomic DNA was extracted based on the spin column kit method. The DNA samples were stored at −20°C until analysis. Genotyping for TCF7L2 gene rs7903146 (C/T) and ATP2B1 gene rs11105354 (A/G) was carried out through polymerase chain reaction.Results:T allele frequency was observed in 12 controls and 23 cases (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–4.7). CC genotype was observed in 38 controls and 27 cases and CT genotype in 22 cases and 12 controls. A allele was found in 38 cases and 23 controls (OR = 2, 95% CI: 1.1–3.8). The mean values of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, urea, and creatinine were high in cases when compared to controls.Conclusion:T allele of TCF7L2 gene rs7903146 (C/T) and A allele of ATP2B1 (A/G) gene rs11105354 (A/G) are associated with CVD in CKD patients.