Mean Values Of AST Research Articles

Effect of Hemolysis on of Serum Markers of Liver Function

Introduction: This study compared reported values of Bilirubin, Protein, Albumin, Aminotransferases (ALT and AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT), Sodium and Potassium between hemolyzed and non-hemolyzed samples. Objectives: The objective of the study was to observe and analyze the variations seen in association with hemolyzed samples in liver function test parameters and electrolytes measurement. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in 88 laboratory samples in the clinical chemistry laboratory. Hemolysis was induced by mechanical mixing. Parameters were measured in regular samples as well as hemolysates. Results: Mean values of Total Bilirubin (TB) and Direct Bilirubin (TB), ALT, ALP, GGT and Sodium (Na) were found to be significantly decreased post hemolysis (p<=0.001) with mean variances(σ2) at 0.30(TB), 0.38(DB), 0.56(ALT), 0.18(ALP), 0.01(GGT) and 0.001(Na). In contrast, mean values of AST (σ2= -0.9, p<0.001) and Potassium (σ2 = -0.3, p<0.001) were found to be significantly elevated post hemolysis. Total Protein and Albumin were also found to be elevated in hemolyzed samples but the average variance was not statistically significant. Degree of hemolysis had highly varying effects in some parameters like AST and Total Protein, but less varying and more consistent effects on other measured parameters. Conclusion: Free hemoglobin estimation should be considered before rejecting a clinical sample because of hemolysis. Mathematical equations cannot be expected to reproduce corrected values of the analytes in question because of the large variances, so these tests need to be repeated on non-hemolyzed samples for the analytes that are affected.

Some Haemo-biochemical Changes Induced by Gastrointestinal Parasites of Cultured and Wild African Catfish in Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria

The present study investigated the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites and their relationship with some haemato-biochemical parameters in wild and cultured catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Zaria and its Environs, Nigeria. A total of two hundred and forty (240) African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were sampled from cultured ponds and some water bodies around Zaria. About 2 ml of blood was collected from the caudal vein of each catfish and dispensed into EDTA and plain sample bottles for haematological and serum biochemical analysis, respectively. After blood sample collection, the catfish were dissected longitudinally to examine for parasites (GIT) grossly and using Simple flotation technique for parasite eggs and oocysts of Helminthes and protozoans. Modified Ziehl Neelson staining technique was further performed on oocysts suspected to be Cryptosporidium. Percentage distributions of the various parasites include: Crytosporidium oocysts, Eimeria oocysts and nematodes were 86.2%, 48.4% and 40% in the wild; as against 13.8%, 51.6% and 60% in cultured Clarias gariepinus, respectively. The PCV, RBC, and Hb were significantly lower (p <0.05) in the infected (28.0 ± 0.331%, 3.4 ± 0.592 x 1012/L, 8.3 ± 0.174 g/dl) compare with the uninfected Clarias gariepinus (33.3 ± 0.229%, 3.9 ± 0.050 x 1012/L, 10.5 ± 0.110 g/dl), respectively. However, the WBC was significantly higher (p = 0.041) in the infected (4.5 ± 0.047 x 109 /L) when compared to the uninfected (3.9 ± 0.017 x 109 /L) Clarias gariepinus species. Also, there were statistically significant increases (p><0.05) in the mean values of AST, ALT, and ALP in the infected (82.2 ± 1.037 U/L, 95.8 ± 1.209 U/L, 68.8 ± 1.180 U/L) when compared with the uninfected (60.7 ± 0.741 U/L, 68.9 ± 0.844 U/L, 47.1 ± 0.759 U/L) Clarias gariepinus, respectively. The results of present study overserved that helminth parasites induce haematobiochemical changes.

Growth rate, haematology and serum biochemistry of broilers fed diets supplemented with choline chloride

The study evaluated the effect of choline chloride (CC) supplementation on growth rate, haematology and serum biochemistry of broilers. 120-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups of 30 birds each and these were further sub-divided into 3 replicates of 10 birds each. Group A served as the control while the diets of groups B, C and D were supplemented with 0.5 g/kg, 0.75 g/kg and 1 g/kg of CC respectively. 6weeks post-supplementation, haematology, serum biochemistry, total weight gain, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics were determined. Group C (0.75 g/kg choline) had a significantly (p<0.05) higher feed efficiency (49.18%) than other choline-supplemented groups and control. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean values of AST, ALT, total protein and creatinine across all groups. However, the ALP and cholesterol values of group D (4.42 U/L and 1.68 mg/dl respectively) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than other groups. Lymphocyte counts of Group D was significantly (p<0.05) lower than all other groups. The spleen weight (0.27 g) of group D was significantly (p<0.05) higher than all other groups, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the relative weights of other organs of all four groups. The values of the breast weight/width, drumstick length/width, wing length and carcass length did not vary significantly across the supplemented-groups, but the breast-length, thigh weight/length/width, drumstick-weight, wing weight/width and carcass-weight of the control group were significantly higher than the supplemented-groups. Choline chloride supplementation at 0.75 g/kg may have contributed to improved feed efficiency but not with a corresponding excellent carcass yield.

211.1: Effectiveness of Everolimus on Steroid-resistant Rejection After Liver Transplantation

Introduction: This retrospective study was done to assess our experience of Everolimus rescue therapy for steroid resistant rejection after liver transplantation. Materials and Methods: Among 218 patients who underwent liver transplantation at Ulsan University Hospital during the period between April 2007 and October 2020, 44 patients received Everolimus as one of the post-transplant immunosuppressants. The indications for Everolimus was for renal protection in 23, immunologic causes in 13 and others in 8. Among the 13 patients who received Everolimus to control their suspected immunologic events, 7 patients were confirmed to experience steroid-resistant rejection. The effectiveness of Everolimus to rescue the steroid resistant rejection in these 7 patients was evaluated by the biochemical response, that is normalization of AST and ALT. The time point after liver transplantation when AST/ALT elevation drew medical attention and the value of AST/ALT at the time, implementation of liver biopsy and the result especially expressed as rejection activity index, use of steroid pulse therapy (SPT), time elapsed from liver biopsy to SPT, SPT to use of Everolimus, use of Eveolimus to normalization of AST and ALT, respectively were investigated. Results: The time point after liver transplantation when AST/ALT elevation drew medical attention vary widely from 15 days to 46 months after the liver transplantation and the mean value of AST and ALT at the time was 145 IU/L and 254 IU/L, respectively. Liver biopsy was performed in all patients and mean rejection activity index was 4.6. Steroid pulse therapy (500 mg/day, fixed dose for 3 days consecutively) was given to all the patients, two times in one patient. Everolimus was given because AST/ALT levels were not stabilized from 3 days to 51 days (median, 8 days) after the end of SPT. The mean values of AST/ALT were 146/310 IU/L and were higher than the values before SPT. It took a mean of 127 days (range, 31 ~ 360 days) for AST stabilization and 175 days (range, 51 ~ 390 days) for ALT stabilization. All the 7 events of SRR were amenable to Everolimus rescue therapy at a median of 91 days when evaluated by AST and ALT normalization. Conclusion: Steroid-resistant rejection after liver transplantation was amenable to Everolimus treatment. Everolimus was induced at a median of 8 days after steroid pulse therapy. It took a median of 91 days for AST and ALT normalization for Everolimus rescue therapy. For generalization of the results of this study, a randomized controlled study in a large cohort is needed.

Efficacy of Daclatasvir with Sofosbuvir for Treating Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 3

Objective: To determine efficacy of Daclatasvir with sofosbuvir in treating patients of chronic hepatitis C genotype 3. Study Design: Interventional case-series study Place and Duration of Study: Hepatitis Clinic, Medical Unit–II, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from January 2019 to June 2019. Methodology: One hundred and thirty five patients of chronic hepatitis C Genotype 3 were enrolled. All patients were givendaclatasvir60mg and sofosbuvir 400mg once-daily for 12 weeks. HCV-RNA-PCR was done at end of 12 weeks of treatment (ETR) and 12 weeks after end of treatment (SVR). Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.8 ±2.3 years. There were 57.7% males while 42.2% females with 22.2% frequency of cirrhosis in them.The mean value of AST and ALT was calculated as 57.07 ± 48.69 and 51.02 ± 44.17 IU/ml respectively in hepatitis C patients having genotype 3.The treatment follow up showed that on reassessing the hepatitis C status through quantitative analysis of genotype 3 through PCR it was seen that 91.1% patients reached SVR with no viral detection in them. Conclusion: Daclatasvir in combination to sofosbuvir is an efficient way of treating hepatitis C patients suffering from genotype 3. Keywords: Viral load, Sofosbuvir, HCV, Genotype 3

Clinico-Biochemical, Rumen Function and Histopathological Investigations of Trichobezoars in Sheep

Twenty-five out of 200 mature Barki ewes were diagnosed with trichobezoars over two years in a privately owned sheep farm. Diagnosed ewes showed signs of inappetence, dullness, emaciation, weakness, scanty hard feces, and recurrent bouts of tympany. Closer observation of these ewes revealed the abnormal behavior of wool pulling by teeth from each other. Serum copper, zinc, iron, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulins, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and total cholesterol levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in ewes affected by trichobezoars than healthy ewes. In contrast, mean values of AST, ALT, total bilirubin, blood urea, and creatinine were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in affected ewes. Furthermore, ruminal fluid analysis of trichobezoars ewes revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in pH, total protozoa counts with reduced motility, whereas a significantly (P < 0.01) prolonged methylene blue reduction time and elevated levels of total volatile fatty acids were observed. Histopathological changes in the trichobezoars-affected rumen revealed ballooning degeneration, leukocytic infiltration in the mucosal layer. Mucosal sloughing with a detachment of the stratified epithelium abomasum showed ulcerated surface with necrotic glandular epithelium and focal leukocytic infiltrations, in conclusion when trichobezoars accumulate in larger numbers, more significant sizes in the rumen and Abomasum can obstruct the gastrointestinal tract and increase mortality risks in sheep.

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses and Associated Risk Factors in Patients Suspected of Liver Diseases in Asmara, Eritrea

<i>Background</i>: Viral hepatitis is a critical global health challenge and acquiring adequate and recent epidemiological data on Hepatitis B and C infections is important in prevention and control of the disease. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors related with HBV and HCV infection and associated liver enzymes profile among patients suspected of liver diseases in Asmara, Eritrea. <i>Methods: </i>This was a cross-sectional study carried out among patients suspected of liver diseases. 411 participants were screened for serological markers of anti-HCV and HBsAg using rapid assays which were further confirmed using ELISA. A predesigned structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and risk factors data. Liver function tests were also performed using an automated spectrophotometer analyzer. Furthermore, for every HBV and HCV positive samples viral load was determined. Collected data were then analyzed using SPSS statistical tool. <i>Result: </i>The overall prevalence of HBV and HCV among study participants was 6.6% and 1.7% respectively. Hepatitis virus positive participants had substantially higher mean values of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin and GGT. Viral load mean assay level was 10.6 x 10⁶ IU/ml ranging from 20 IU/ml - 1.7 x 10⁸ IU/ml. There was a significant association between HBsAg and sex (cOR= 4.18, 95% CI: 1.65-10.6), residence area (cOR=2.51, 95% CI: 1.10-5.69). Multivariate logistic analysis showed males were more prone to HBsAg infection (AOR= 3.9; 95% CI: 1.5-10.0). Moreover, prevalence of liver enzyme abnormality was 8.5% (95% CI: 6.1%-8.2%). Among these patients, 24 (5.8%) had cholestatic type, 4 (1%) had hepatocellular, and the rest 7 (1.7%) had mixed type of hepatotoxicity. <i>Conclusion: </i>Though the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection is comparatively low, regular surveillance should be conducted to prevent further spread of disease and achieve global goals of HBV and HCV elimination.

Hepatoprotective Role of Virgin Coconut Oil and Neem Extract in Acetaminophen Induced Liver Toxicity

Aim: To study the comparative hepatoprotective effect of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract in acetaminophen (Paracetamol) induced liver toxicity. Methods: About 60 mixed population of rats (male/female) of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley species were randomly selected for the proposed study and are segregated into four equal groups. Every group contains 15 animal subjects. Group A was the control group given normal diet. In Group B, the rats were treated with a single dose of 2gm / kg body weight paracetamol, orally. Simultaneously, Group C were given an oral Neem extract of 500mg/kg body weight for 2 weeks days in combination with single dose of Paracetamol, while Group D were provided with 6.7ml/Kg/body weight Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) for 15 days. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0 with level of significance being kept at p-value ≤0.05. Results: The mean values of ALT were 23.1, 100.5, 29.85, and 31.09 U/L in Group A, B, C, and D respectively. While, the mean values of AST were 25.6 U/L (Group A), 41 U/L (Group B), 19.3 U/L (Group C), and 15.2 U/L (Group D). The ALP showed maximum response indicated by the mean values of 221 U/L, 444 U/L, 241 U/L, and 243 U/L in Group A, B, C, and D respectively. Group B suggested the paracetamol induced liver toxicity indicated by the increase in hepatic DMEs right after the acetaminophen induction. Conclusion: Azadirachta Indica and Virgin Coconut Oil displayed hepatoprotective effects on the Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats that were subjected to Paracetamol. Keywords: hepatic, Drug Metabolizing enzymes, Acetaminophen, Virgin coconut oil, Neem extract, Paracetamol, Wistar

POS0071 IS ANTI-NXP2 AUTOANTIBODY A RISK FACTOR FOR CALCINOSIS AND POOR OUTCOME IN JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS PATIENTS?

Background:It has been published that the presence of NXP2 autoantibodies presents a risk for calcinosis in patients with JDM.Objectives:To investigate the incidence of calcinosis and response to the treatment in NXP2 positive JDM patients with calcinosis.Methods:The study design is a retrospective, multinational, multicenter study. Data on gender, race, age at disease onset and age at disease diagnosis, age at inclusion in the study, clinical presentation, muscle function tests, laboratory results, imaging, data on treatment and outcome of disease were collectedResults:we collected 26 patients (19 F, 7 M) with JDM and positive NXP2 antibodies. Fourteen patients were white, eight asian, three black and one Hispanic ethnicity. The mean age at disease presentation was 6.5 years (SD 3.7), the median diagnosis delay was 4 months (range 0.5- 27 months). Patients were divided in two groups (A and B) based on the presence of calcinosis.Eleven patients (42%) developed calcinosis (group A) in the course of the disease, 10 females and 1 male. Four patients already had calcinosis at presentation, 1 developed after 4 months, and 6 developed calcinosis later in disease course (median 2 years, range 0,8- 7,8). Four patients developed lipodystrophy in group A (1 in group B). In group A, 3 patients developed skin ulcerations (1 in group B), 2 patients had polyarthritis (1 in group B), 2 patients had gut involvement (1 in group B) and 1 patient had lung involvement (2 in group B).The mean age at disease presentation (5.2 / 7.5 y) and mean CK level (1548.6 / 1811.6 U/L) were lower in group A. The platelet count (306.5 / 258 109/L), and mean values of AST (111.4 / 103.8 U/L), ALT (72.2 / 50.8 U/L), LDH (1048.3 / 808 IU/L), and IgG (11.8 / 9.9 g/L) were higher in group A. However, the differences were not statistically significant. ANA antibodies were positive in 9/11 in group A and 12/15 in group B. One patient in group A was also positive for anti-MDA5 antibody. The data on muscle strength measurement (MMT/CMAS) were available only in a few patients.Treatments used for patients with calcinosis includes, methotrexate and glucocorticosteroids (GCS) (all patients), hydroxychloroquine (9), IVIG (7), cyclosporine (4), bisphosphonate (4), MMF (5), rituximab (4), cyclophosphamide (1), abatacept (1) and TNF alpha blocker (1).Disease outcome (by evaluation of the treating physician) was excellent in 4, good in 2, stable in 2 and poor in 3 patients. None of the patients from group B had a poor disease outcome. Patients with excellent disease outcomes from group A were treated with GCS and methotrexate (4), hydroxychloroquine (3), IVIG (1) and cyclosporine (1). Out of two patients who had good outcomes, one was additionally treated with MMF, bisphosphonates and rituximab and the second was treated with cyclophosphamide and rituximab. One patient with calcinosis at the presentation (age 4 years) was treated also with anti-TNF alpha therapy which not only stopped progression but partially dissolved the calcinosis. However, after 2 years of anti-TNF alpha therapy the calcinosis start to progress and the therapy was changed to MMF and rituximab, which stopped the progression of calcinosis.Conclusion:Our preliminary results showed that calcinosis occurred in 42% of NXP2 positive JDM patients. Children with calcinosis were treated with several combinations of drugs. In four cases, rituximab and in one case, for limited time of 2 years, anti-TNF alpha agent, were used successfully.

Changes in Biochemical Parameters, Antioxidative Enzymes and Histopathology of Liver Induced by Cadmium (Cd) and Chlorpyrifos (CPF) in Wistar Rats

Background: Cd and CPF intoxication may occur directly through drinking water. Since the population tend to receive combination of multiple intoxicants through environment contamination, there is need for conducting studies to assess the impact of individual and combined environmental pollutants. The present research work was designed to study hepatotoxicity induced by Cd, CPF and their combination.Methods: The experiment was carried out for 28 days in Wistar rats. G1: Control. G-2:CdCl2 @ 22.5mg/ kg b.wt / oral. G3: CPF @ 25 mg/ kg b.wt /per oral. G4:CdCl2@22.5 mg + CPF @ 25 mg/ kg b.wt /per oral. Biochemical parameters ware estimated from serum and liver samples were processed for tissue antioxidative parameters and histopathological examination. Result: Higher mean values of AST, ALT, ALP and lower liver GSH and SOD were observed in G2, 3 and 4 on 15th and 29th day when compared with G1. Liver in G2 and 3 showed mild degenerative changes, areas of necrosis and loss of architecture. In G4, lesions were moderate in severity. In addition, moderate perivascular fibrosis of portal triad was observed. The effects in combined group were severe than individual groups due to synergistic action of the combined pollutants.

Kronik Hepatit C İnfeksiyonu Olan Hastalarda Hepatit C Genotipleri: Üç Yıllık Sonuçların Değerlendirilmesi

Introduction: In case of chronic hepatitis C infection, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma may progress. HCV genotypes and subtypes have been found to vary according to geographical regions. In addition to its epidemiological importance, HCV genotype is an important factor in determining the response and duration of treatment. In this study, it was aimed to determine the genotype distribution in our region. Materials and Methods: The results of 241 patients with HCV RNA positivity detected in our laboratory Molecular unit between 2016 and 2018 were retrospectively screened. HCV-RNA extraction for genotyping was performed by automated system (EZ1 Virus Mini Kit v.2.0, Germany), and ‘’line probe assay’’ (LIPA) based on reverse hybridization method was applied. HCV-RNA levels were determined by real-time PCR method (Artus HCV QS-RGQ kit, Qiagen, Germany). Results: Two hundred and forty-one patients were included in the study, and 116 (48%) were females and 125 (52%) were males. Mean age was 56.1 ± 19.4 (range: 16-90) years. Mean logarithmic viral load value was 5.7 ± 0.9 IU/ml (range; 2.71 x 102-17 x 106), mean value of AST was 50.5 ± 43.7 IU/ml and mean ALT value was 63.4 ± 63.5 IU/ml. Genotype 1b was detected in 58.9% of the patients, genotype 3a in 14.1%, genotype 1a in 13.27%, genotype 2b in 4.1%, genotype 4a in 1.2%. The subtypes could not be determined for 4.9%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 0.4% of infected patient in genotype 1,2,4 and 5 respectively. Conclusion: In our study, genotype 1b (58.9%) was found as the dominant genotype. This was followed by genotype 3a (14.1%). In patients infected with genotype 1, viral load value was found to be significantly higher than other genotypes. Monitoring genotype change is important for determining treatment protocols and duration.

Alteration in hematological and biochemical parameters following the long-term consumption of Zataria multiflora essential oil in patients infected with liver hydatid disease

Abstract Background: Zataria multiflora Boiss is a well-known medicinal plant and its’ essential oil (EO) is traditionally used for treatment of respiratory and digestive disorders and/or bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of long-term consumption of Z. multiflora EO on hematological and biochemical parameters in patients infected with liver hydatid disease. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients were administered orally with Z. multiflora EO (60 mg daily) for six months. Hematological and biochemical analysis were performed on the blood samples of patients before the start of treatment and after completion of the treatment course. In hematological analysis, WBC, RBC, Hb, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelets were measured. In biochemical analysis, FBS, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, Na, K, Cl, AST, ALT, and ALK were assessed. Results: No apparent changes were observed in the values of hematological parameters of the patients after treatment. No significant changes also occurred in the values of FBS, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, Na, and K. The mean values of AST, ALT and ALK enzymes decreased significantly after treatment (P ˂ 0.05). No adverse clinical event was noticed in the patients during the course of study. Conclusions: Long-term consumption of Z. multiflora EO induced no adverse effect on the hematological and biochemical parameters of patients infected with liver hydatid disease. Since Z. multiflora EO reduced the level of liver transaminases (AST, ALT and ALK), this herbal product may be considered as a hepatoprotective agent in human beings.

Safety and efficacy of parenteral glutathione as a promising skin lightening agent: A controlled assessor blinded pharmacohistologic and ultrastructural study in an animal model.

Hyperpigmentation was induced in the skin of experimental animals using UVB at 6 J/cm2 three times a week for three consecutive weeks. Subsequently, glutathione was injected intraperitoneally in the experimental animals at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg body weight three times a week for three consecutive weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples and lung, kidney, liver, and skin tissue specimens were collected from animals for hematological, biochemical, histological, and electron microscopy examination. Glutathione at 40 mg/kg body weight/day reduced skin hyperpigmentation significantly, except at low doses. The skin lightening effect assessed by a chromameter was dose-dependent. There were no statistically significant differences among the mean values of AST, ALT, creatinine, BUN, and CBC counts across the four groups. Lung, kidney, and liver tissue specimens did not show any histological toxic changes. The number of melanin granules was significantly lower in the group treated with the highest dose of glutathione compared to that in the control. Electron microscopy proved that glutathione at 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight/day was able to reduce the number of melanized cells significantly compared to that in the control. Parenteral glutathione was effective as a skin lightening agent and did not provoke any toxic effects in the employed animal model. The limitation of the study was conducted in guinea pigs and was of short-term duration.

Protective Effects Of Tecomella Undulata Stem Bark Extract On Isoniazid Induced Hepatotoxicity: Based On Liver Enzymes And Histopathology In Rat Model

Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Tecomellaundulata stem bark extract on isoniazid induced hepatic damage based on liver enzymes and Liver function test in rat models. Study design and Setting: An experimental study conducted at Department of Pharmacology at Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital, Isra University Karachi Campus and Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. Methodology: Total twenty-four rats were studied. The albino rats that were male, healthy, and weighing 200-250grams were included in this study. Rats were divided into four groups, each group having six rats and treated once daily orally for 30 days. Group A was control group and treated with normal animal diet and water; Group B was Isoniazid treated group and induced by oral administration of Isoniazid (INH) 50mg/kg. Group C was treated with Isoniazid 50mg/kg and Tecomellaundulata bark extract with low dose of 200mg/kg . Group D was treated with Isoniazid 50mg/kg and Tecomellaundulata bark extract with high dose of 400mg/kg . All the animals were weighed before commencement of the study. Liver enzymes were noted after the end of experiment. P value of &lt;0.05 was taken as significant. Results: While comparing the mean values of AST,ALT, ALP and GGT in all four groups group; the statistical significant difference (p&lt;0.001) was found. The mean levels in of total Bilirubin in group A was 0.69 ±0.01, group B 1.04 ±0.04, in group C was 1.15 ±0.39, and in group D was 1.04 ±0.44 with the significant difference (p=0.004). Conclusion: Tecomellaundulata has a protective effect on isoniazid induced toxicity on liver as evidenced by liver function test on rat models.

Antioxidant potential of guava leaves extracts and their effects on hyperlipidemia

Antioxidant potential of guava leaves extracts and their effects on hyperlipidemia

Haemato-Biochemical Studies of Acephate Induced Toxicity and its Amelioration by Picrorhiza kurroa in Female Wistar Rats

An experimental trial on subacute toxicopathological studies of Acephate and its amelioration by Picrorhiza kurroa was attempted in thirty female wistar rats for 28 days through haematobiochemical assessment. The experimental rats were divided into 5 groups each comprising of 6 rats. The group I and III were kept as a control and plant control, respectively. The rats of group II were Acephate toxicated, however, the rats of IV and V were toxicated with Acephate and treated with Picrorhiza kurroa. Haematological studies in female rats of group II and IV revealed significant reduction in Hb, TEC, PCV and TLC values, whereas, non-significant differences were observed in DLC. There was significant increase in mean values of AST, ALT, ALP and BUN in female rats of group II and IV, however, mean STP, cholesterol, sodium, potassium and Acetylcholinesterase values were significantly decreased. These altered mean values showed improvement due to Picrorhiza kurroa.

The amelorative effect of L-arginin and omega-3 fatty acid against sodium valproate induced hepatotoxicity

Sodium valproate (VPA) used in epilepsy and has hepatotoxic effect in mammals. This work is to assess the role of L-arginin and omega-3 fatty acid against VPA oxidative stress on liver. This study was carried out on 70 rats divided into 7 groups each of 10 rats treated orally once daily 6days/ week; Group I (control), Group II ( L-arginin): each rat was received 300 mg/kg L-arginin, Group III (omega-3): each rat received 300 mg/kg omega-3, Group IV (VIA): Each rat received 400 mg/kg VPA. Group V (VPA and L-arginin): Each rat received the previous doses. Group VI (VPA and omega-3): as before. Group VII (VPA, L-arginin and omega-3 group): as before. There was a significant increase in the mean values of AST, ALT, ALP and TBL in VPA treated group. Upon supplementation with L-arginin or omega-3 to VPA treated rats there was a significant decrease in the mean values of AST, ALT, ALP and TBL. Microscopic examination of liver section of VPA treated rat revealed vacuolated hepatocytes, focal necrosis, and enlarged portal tract. VPA toxicity induced severe liver damage in rats, and administration of either L-arginin or omega-3 protecting liver tissues. Key words: L-arginin, omega-3 and sodium valproate.

English

Mucuna sloanei is an annual leguminous plant widely used among the various ethnic groups in Nigeria. The effects of aqueous M. sloanei seed extract on the body weight and some biochemical parameters of 48 normal male Rattus novergicus (albino rats) were investigated for 28 days. The rats were divided into control group (A) which received distilled water and treatment groups (B, C and D) that received oral administration of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the seed extract, respectively. Each group was further divided into three replicates of four rats each. Blood samples were collected before the experiment started (week 0) and at weekly interval from one rat per replicate. The biochemical profiles were determined using bioassay. The lethal dose (LD50) of the aqueous seed extracts of M. sloanei may be above 5000 mg/kg, since no death occurred at that dose. The overall change in body weights of treated rats did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from those of the control and were not dependent on treatment duration. However, there was a significant decrease (P 0.05) in the mean values of AST from weeks 1 to 4 when compared with the control except at the dose level of 400 mg/kg which showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) at week 4. Similarly, a significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in the mean serum urea at the dose levels of 100 and 200 mg/kg and BUN at 200 and 400 mg/kg at week 1, and creatinine at dose levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg in the third week of administration when compared with the control. This study indicates that the aqueous M. sloanei seed extract could have some hepato and nephro-protective properties. Key word: Mucuna sloanei, aqueous seed extracts, liver markers, kidney markers, albino rats.

A prospective study of pattern of hepatic dysfunction in dengue fever patient in coastal Andhra Pradesh, India

Background: DENV (dengue viral infection) is a non-hepatotropic RNA virus, but hepatic involvement is common. High level of viremia is associated with involvement liver and other organs. Present study is a prospective study which is aimed to know about the, pattern of hepatic involvement in dengue patients admitted in General Medicine Dept Konaseema Institute of Medical Science.Methods: This is a prospective hospital-based study conducted in the Department of General Medicine Konaseema Institute of Medical Science Amalapuram Andhra Pradesh, from December 2015 to December 2017. During two year of study period 126 clinically and serologically positive patients of Dengue fever, Dengue haemorrhagic fever and Dengue shock syndrome, classified as per the, definition of national vector borne disease control programme Govt. of India.Results: Mean value of total bilirubin was 0.8 mg/dl in DF patients, 0.96mg/dl in DHF patients and 1.08mg/dl in DSS patients. Mean value of AST was 77.44(IU/L) in DF group, 112.32 IU/L in DHF group and 486.28 in DSS group. In DF group mean ALT in DHF group was 94.36 (IU/L) and it was 386.42 IU/L in DSS group. Mean value of serum albumin was 3.97 gm/dl in DF group, 3.65 gm/dl in DHF group and 3.49 gm/dl in DSS group. Serum globulin mean value was 2.98mg/dl in DF group, 2.86 gm/dl in DHF group and 2.69 gm/dl in DSS group. Serum alkaline phosphate level was also increased in all the groups, mean value of ALP was 118.46 IU/L in DF group, 164.32 IU/L in DF group, 164.32 IU/L in DHF patients and 342.42 IU/L in DSS group.Conclusions: The pattern of hepatic involvement of liver in dengue fever varies as per the severity of disease. In milder case of dengue fever liver function test was normal but there was hepatomegaly was present commonly but in severe form of disease pattern of hepatic involvement varies from tender hepatomegaly to significant increase in liver enzyme.

HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ACETAMIPRID TOXICITY IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

A study was conducted on 5 weeks old 64 (32 male and 32 female) Swiss albino mice to assess the haemato-biochemical and immunological effects of acetamiprid. All the male and female mice were randomly divided into eight different groups. The groups I (male) and II (female) served as controls whereas remaining groups served as treatment groups and were administered acetamiprid at the daily dose rate of 20, 10, 5 mg/kg body weight in males(Group III, V, VII) and females (Group IV, VI,VIII),respectively for 28 days. After 28 days treatment, blood samples were collected for hematological, biochemical as well as immunological analysis. There was significant decrease in haematological parameters like Hb, TEC, TLC, neutrophils and lymphocytes count in high dose groups and revealed potential adversity of acetamiprid at rates of 20 mg/kg/day on haematopoetic system of mice. A dose dependent significant rise in mean values of AST and ALT was observed in treatment groups, whereas there was significant decrease in total protein and albumin and increase in BUN in high and mid dose treated groups, irrespective of sex of mice. Dinitroflurobenzene (DNFB) test conducted to assess the cell mediated immunity revealed the toxic effect of acetamiprid on cell mediated immunity of mice at dose level of 10 mg/kg/day. The mice of high dose group revealed a significant decrease in HA titer and indicated the immunotoxic potential of acetamiprid at dose level of 20 mg/kg/day.