Mean Tooth Loss Research Articles

Associations of tooth loss with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among US adults with diabetes mellitus

ObjectivesTo determine whether tooth loss affects all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a nationally representative sample of adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the United States. MethodsThis prospective cohort study involved 8207 participants aged 30 years or older at baseline, all diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. Tooth loss was stratified into 28 teeth (complete), 20–27 teeth (tooth loss), 9–19 teeth (lacking functional), 1–8 teeth (severe tooth loss) and edentulism. To estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and specific-cause mortality in diabetes mellitus participants according to tooth loss, multivariate cox proportional hazards regression models were used. Relationships between mortality and quartiles of mean tooth loss levels were analyzed, with the lowest quartile as the baseline for comparisons. ResultsDuring a median of 6.92 years of follow-up, 2317 deaths were documented. After multivariate adjustments, higher tooth loss levels were significantly and non-linearly associated with higher risks of all-cause, CVD-related and DM-related mortality among participants with DM. When compared with the reference group of mean tooth loss levels, the highest quartile showed significantly increased risks: all-cause mortality (HR, 2.11; 95 % CI, 1.53–2.91, P-trend < 0.001), CVD-related mortality (HR, 3.24, 95 % CI, 1.54–6.85, P-trend < 0.001) and DM-related mortality (HR, 2.78, 95 % CI, 1.15–6.68, P-trend < 0.001). ConclusionsTooth loss is associated with an increased risk of all-cause, CVD-related and diabetes mellitus mortality among adults with diabetes mellitus in the US. Clinical SignificanceThis study presents evidence for physicians and dentists that higher tooth loss was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause, CVD-related and diabetes mellitus mortality in a dose-response manner among adults with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, assessment of survival in individuals with diabetes mellitus could pay attention to the tooth loss.

Excessive weight in pregnant women increases the chance of diagnosing periodontitis combined with tooth loss.

Excess weight (EW), especially in women of childbearing age, those who are pregnant, as well as postpartum, is a problem worldwide. Fat accumulation deregulates the inflammatory response, contributing to the development of health problems, such as periodontitis. This study investigated the association between EW and periodontitis during pregnancy. A cross-sectional, multicenter study involved 1745 postpartum women in Brazil. Socioeconomic-demographic data, gestational history, lifestyle behavior, and general and oral health conditions were obtained. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was collected from medical records with EW being the exposure. Both tooth loss and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated, and the presence of periodontitis was the outcome. Logistic regression, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and quantile regression, beta coefficient and 95% CI, estimated the association between EW (BMI) and periodontitis and its combined effect with tooth loss ≥3, as dichotomous and continuous variables (CAL and tooth loss), with 5% significance level. The EW was 27.7% prevalent and periodontitis was 11.7%. There was a positive association between EW and periodontitis: ORadjusted:1.39; 95% CI:1.01;1.92 and between EW and periodontitis combined with tooth loss ≥3: ORadjusted:1.73; 95% CI:1.36;2.20. The adjusted association between EW and periodontitis as continuous variables was also positive, showing that for each unit of increased BMI, there was an elevation in the mean CAL (p=0.04) and tooth loss (p<0.01), with statistical significance. There was a moderate association between EW and periodontitis during pregnancy, with an even greater association of pregnant women with EW presenting periodontitis combined with tooth loss.

Pattern of Tooth Mortality in Patients Attending a Tertiary Dental Care Center: A Descriptive Study

Background: Tooth loss is a cumulative index of oral health impairment and an integral part of the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index used to assess oral health status. In spite of the increased awareness of oral hygiene and preventive dental treatments, tooth extraction remains to be the most common procedure in the Indian population following a toothache. The study aims to assess certain demographic characteristics and patterns of tooth loss among patients who underwent extraction from the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery in a dental tertiary care center in Kerala, India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2017–2021 time period in all the patients who underwent permanent teeth extraction from the oral and maxillofacial surgery department. Results: A total of 9673 patients underwent tooth extraction during the study period. Among them, 68.4% were adults (18–59 years) and 27.7% were senior adults (above 60 years). More than half of the patients underwent single-tooth extraction (55%), two (24%), and three in 10%. The most frequent tooth extraction was the first molar (30%), followed by the third molar (27%) and second molar (26%). Among children, the most common pattern of tooth extraction was first molars both in the maxilla and mandible (25%). In adolescent age groups, premolars were extracted frequently along with first molars. In adults and senior adults, the premolar and molar extractions were performed commonly. Conclusion: The mean tooth loss for the cohort was 1.7 ± 1.1 (range 1–12) indicative of good dental hygiene practice. The trends noticed in teeth extraction pattern provide baseline data about the access and availability of dental care in that region.

Orofacial Features and Their Correlation in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Background:The association between cardiovascular diseases and periodontitis had different pathophysiological mechanisms involved. These mechanisms are both inflammatory and microbial. Furthermore, the possible association between two diseases can be explained by common risk factors.Aims:The present trial was carried out to establish a relation between coronary artery disease and periodontitis.Materials and Methods:One hundred and twenty-six participants advised for the angiography were included. Periodontists determined the presence of periodontitis in all participants followed by lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and blood coronary angiography was then performed. The collected data were subjected to the statistical analysis, and the results were formulated.Results:The level of CRP in participants with and without coronary artery disease was 0.66 ± 1.52 and 0.53 ± 1.01, respectively, which was nonsignificant with a P = 0.63. Nonstatistically significant difference was seen in values of cholesterol and blood glucose in participants with and without coronary artery disease (P = 0.28 and P = 0.53). The mean tooth loss in participants with coronary artery disease was 14.2 ± 6.4 and in participants with no coronary artery disease was 11.8 ± 6.5, and such difference was statistically significant (P = 0.05).Conclusion:The present study establishes an association between poor oral health, periodontitis, and coronary artery disease. This study demonstrates that tooth loss which is an important feature of periodontitis is significantly associated with coronary artery disease.

Evolution of oral status in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a longitudinal study

This longitudinal retrospective study aimed to assess oral status of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and analyse the influence of attendance to oral hygiene appointments on oral status over a 10-year period. Clinical oral assessment at first and last visit used the Decayed, Missing and Filled Permanent Teeth Index, the Simplified Debris Index, and the Gingival Index. The sample included 58 participants that visited for at least 10-year period a dental school clinic in Lisbon, with intellectual disability (55.2%), cerebral palsy (31.0%) and trisomy 21 (13.8%). During the study period the Decayed Teeth Index increased from 5.72 (±5.63) to 8.91 (±6.72) (p < 0.001), 59.3% of the participants lost at least one tooth, with a mean tooth loss of 1.78 (±2.15), which was not different between disabilities. The number of annual visits had a positive impact on Gingival Index (p = 0.002). Coming less than one annual visit resulted in 1.21 (CI = 0.52–2.44; p = 0.802) times greater risk of losing at least one tooth. Regular oral hygiene visits had a positive impact on improving and maintaining oral health.

Reasons and Patterns of Permanent Teeth Loss among Patients attending a Dental College in Kathmandu

Introduction: According to World Health Organization, oral health means the retention throughout life of a functional, aesthetic and natural dentition of not less than 20 teeth and not requiring a prosthesis. The major reasons for tooth loss are dental caries and periodontal disease. Proper understanding of reasons for tooth loss helps to improve oral health.&#x0D; Objective: To identify the reasons and patterns of permanent teeth loss among patients attending Kantipur Dental College.&#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 403 patients aged 18 years and above attending Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu by convenience sampling method. Data was collected through structured questionnaire and clinical examination and was analysed using SPSS version 20.&#x0D; Results: A total of 403 patients were examined of which 38% had tooth loss. Mean number of tooth loss was 2.99+3.44. Statistically significant difference was found in mean tooth loss between age groups and levels of education (P value &lt; 0.001). Dental caries was the most common reason of tooth loss followed by periodontal disease. Most common reason for not saving the tooth was "tooth cannot be saved" (65.1%). Mandibular molars accounted for majority of tooth loss followed by maxillary molars.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results of the present study show that dental caries was the major cause of tooth loss irrespective of the age group. It points out the need to carry out oral health awareness and other preventive programs both at school and community levels.

Tooth loss and predictors of tooth extractions due to dental caries among adults: A multi-center study in North-eastern Nigeria

Background: Tooth loss and the level of edentulism may be an indication of a populations' oral health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of dental caries to tooth loss, as well as its predictors among adults in North-eastern Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey over a 2-month period of all adult patients who had tooth extractions in three dental centers across North-eastern Nigeria. Data on sociodemographics (age, gender, and level of education), history, and examination findings were collected with a preformed questionnaire to include the frequency and reasons for the use of dental facilities, previous tooth extractions and reason for extractions, missing teeth, and present diagnosis for the teeth to be extracted. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the association and relationships between missing teeth, extractions due to caries and population variables. Results: The prevalence of preextraction tooth loss was 37.98% with a mean tooth loss of 3.05 ± 3.15 per participant, 2.24 ± 1.46 among the 35–44 years old and highest (10.08 ± 8.02) among the 65–74 years old participants. Age was the single significant predictor of tooth loss (β = 0.428, P

Tooth loss in aggressive periodontitis: Results 25 years after active periodontal therapy in a private practice.

To assess tooth loss in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) 10-35years after active periodontal therapy (APT) in a private practice and to detect possible factors influencing tooth loss. In 100 patients with AgP, tooth loss was recorded over a median follow-up period of 25.5years after APT, retrospectively. Patient- and tooth-level factors were assessed with a Cox frailty regression model. Of 2,380 teeth, 227 were lost during a median follow-up time of 25.5years (2.3±3.6 teeth/patient, range 0-17 teeth), resulting in a mean tooth loss rate of 0.09 teeth/patient/year. At patient-level, statistically significant factors for tooth loss were smoking (p=.039) and the baseline diagnosis generalized AgP (p<.001). Influencing factors at tooth-level were location in the maxilla (p=.003), baseline bone loss (p<.001), molars (p<.001) and premolars (p<.001) as well as abutment teeth (p=.009). Tooth loss occurred rarely in patients with AgP treated in a private practice over a long-time period. Annual tooth loss rates are comparable with those described in university settings. Smoking, generalized form of AgP, location/type of tooth, baseline bone loss and abutment status could be detected as factors impacting upon tooth loss.

Prevalence, Causes and Pattern of Tooth Loss among Elderly People in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Tooth loss constitutes a condition of public health interest and can be used as a measure of the oral health of a population. The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, pattern and causes of tooth loss among the elderly in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study was an observational research design carried out using pensioners 60 years and above. Subjects were selected by systematic random sampling and data was collected by the use of questionnaire and clinical oral examination. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. No case of complete edentulousness was recorded in this study. The prevalence of tooth loss was 43.6%. Although the prevalence was higher in males than in females and older than younger age group, the difference was not significant. The mean tooth loss was 8.9±2.1. Tooth loss was higher in the maxillary anterior segment (14.2%) than the mandibular anterior segment (13.3%) and in the mandibular posterior segments (38.8%) than the maxillary posterior segments (33.7%). These differences were however not significant. Periodontal disease accounted for 50.3% (2435) of the tooth loss, dental caries and trauma accounted for 44.2% (2142) and 5.5% (264) of tooth loss respectively. The prevalence of tooth loss was high among the study population. Periodontal disease and dental caries were the main cause of tooth loss in this group. Therefore, there is need to educate and promote oral health among the populace geared towards improving oral hygiene and change in dietary pattern.

Tooth loss in periodontally compromised patients: Results 20years after active periodontal therapy.

To assess tooth loss in periodontally compromised patients 20years after active periodontal therapy (APT) and to detect potential influencing factors for tooth loss on patient level. From a total of 100 patients, who were re-evaluated ten years after APT, 70 could be re-examined 20years±12months after APT. Tooth loss during 20years was detected and based on regression analyses the impact of patient-levelled factors was estimated. Of 1.639 teeth, 201 were lost (mean 2.87 teeth/patient, range 0-19 teeth, SD 3.49), resulting in a mean tooth loss rate of 0.14 teeth/patient/year during 20years. Mean tooth loss per patient was higher during the second ten years of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) compared to the first (1.20 vs. 1.67 teeth/patient). As influencing factors age (p<0.001), smoking (p<0.001), compliance to SPT (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.001), presence of diabetes (p<0.001) and heart diseases (p=0.001) could be detected. Over 20years of follow-up, a low number of teeth were lost in mostly severely compromised periodontal patients. Smoking, non-compliance to SPT, age, living as a single and systemic diseases like diabetes or cardiovascular diseases negatively influence tooth loss on the long run.

CONDIÇÕES BUCAIS DE PACIENTES CARDIOPATAS CRÔNICOS

Objetivo: Descrever as condições de saúde bucal e hábitos comportamentais relacionados à saúde de indivíduos com doença arterial coronariana crônica (DAC) em acompanhamento em uma unidade de atendimento cardiológico do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. &#x0D; Materiais e Métodos: Foram avaliados 100 pacientes consecutivos que frequentaram a unidade entre junho de 2011 e março de 2012. Dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e comportamentais foram obtidos. Um exame bucal foi realizado avaliando os índices de placa visível (IPV) e sangramento gengival (ISG), recessão gengival (RG), profundidade de sondagem (PS), sangramento à sondagem (SS) e perda de inserção (PI), além do índice CPO-D.&#x0D; Resultados: Observou-se um predomínio de indivíduos do gênero masculino, sendo que a faixa etária predominante foi a partir de 60 anos na amostra do estudo. Cerca de metade dos indivíduos era ex-fumante. Mais de três quartos da amostra relatou visitas ao dentista de maneira irregular. Os parâmetros relacionados ao biofilme supragengival apresentaram médias elevadas, contabilizando índices de placa e sangramento médios de cerca de 68% e 47%, respectivamente. Mais da metade dos dentes examinados possuíam PS ≥4 mm, e o sangramento subgengival (SS) esteve presente em aproximadamente três quartos dos sítios examinados. A maior parte dos dentes examinados apresentou PI ≥6 mm. Em média, os indivíduos do presente estudo apresentaram 13,2 dentes perdidos. O CPO-D médio encontrado foi de 10,9 dentes. &#x0D; Conclusão: A presente amostra apresentou condições de saúde bucal compatíveis com a epidemiologia das doenças bucais mais prevalentes na população brasileira. Porém, esta condição é alarmante no contexto de saúde, uma vez que cada vez mais tem-se associado perda dentária e doenças periodontais a maiores riscos de eventos cardiovasculares.

Mean annual attachment, bone level, and tooth loss: A systematic review.

Rate of progression of periodontitis has been used to inform the design of classifications of periodontal diseases. However, the evidence underpinning this topic is unclear and no systematic review has yet been conducted. The focused question for this systematic review was: in adults, what is the progression of periodontitis in terms of clinical attachment loss, radiographic bone loss, and tooth loss? Highly sensitive electronic search was conducted for published data in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and unpublished grey literature in OpenGrey up to February 2016. Reference lists of retrieved studies for full-text screening and reviews were hand-searched for potentially eligible studies. Prospective, longitudinal observational studies with follow-up of at least 12 months and presenting data on the primary outcome, change in clinical attachment level, in adults (age ≥18 years). Secondary outcomes, tooth loss and bone level change, were only assessed in studies reporting the primary outcome. Studies investigating specific disease populations or only on treated periodontitis patients were excluded. Risk of bias and methodology were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale with two additional questions on security of outcome assessment. Studies were pooled by abstracting or estimating mean annual attachment or bone level change and annual tooth loss. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted with investigation of effect of potential modifiers where possible. A total 11,482 records were screened for eligibility; 33 publications of 16 original studies reporting on more than 8,600 participants were finally included as eligible for the review. The studies represented populations from both developing and developed economies. Mean annual attachment loss was 0.1mm per year (95% CI 0.068, 0.132; I2 =99%) and mean annual tooth loss was 0.2 teeth per year (95% CI 0.10, 0.33; I2 =94%). Observational analysis of highest and lowest mean attachment change quintiles suggested substantial differences between groups with minimal annual change in the lowest quintile and an average deterioration of 0.45mm mean attachment loss per year in the highest group. This value increased to 0.6mm per year with periodontitis alone. There was surprisingly little effect of age or gender on attachment level change. Geographic location, however, was associated with more than three times higher mean annual attachment loss in Sri Lanka and China (0.20mm, 95% CI 0.15, 0.27; I2 =83%) vs North America and Europe (0.056mm, 95% CI 0.025, 0.087; I2 =99%) P<0.001. There were a limited number of studies (N=16), high variability of design in key study components (sampling frames, included ages, data analyses), and high statistical heterogeneity that could not be explained. Within the limitations of the research, the data show that mean annual attachment level change varies considerably both within and between populations. Overall, the evidence does not support or refute the differentiation between forms of periodontal diseases based upon progression of attachment level change.

Mean annual attachment, bone level, and tooth loss: A systematic review

Rate of progression of periodontitis has been used to inform the design of classifications of periodontal diseases. However, the evidence underpinning this topic is unclear and no systematic review has yet been conducted. The focused question for this systematic review was: in adults, what is the progression of periodontitis in terms of clinical attachment loss, radiographic bone loss, and tooth loss? Highly sensitive electronic search was conducted for published data in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and unpublished grey literature in OpenGrey up to February 2016. Reference lists of retrieved studies for full-text screening and reviews were hand-searched for potentially eligible studies. Prospective, longitudinal observational studies with follow-up of at least 12 months and presenting data on the primary outcome, change in clinical attachment level, in adults (age ≥18 years). Secondary outcomes, tooth loss and bone level change, were only assessed in studies reporting the primary outcome. Studies investigating specific disease populations or only on treated periodontitis patients were excluded. Risk of bias and methodology were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale with two additional questions on security of outcome assessment. Studies were pooled by abstracting or estimating mean annual attachment or bone level change and annual tooth loss. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted with investigation of effect of potential modifiers where possible. A total 11,482 records were screened for eligibility; 33 publications of 16 original studies reporting on more than 8,600 participants were finally included as eligible for the review. The studies represented populations from both developing and developed economies. Mean annual attachment loss was 0.1mm per year (95% CI 0.068, 0.132; I2 =99%) and mean annual tooth loss was 0.2 teeth per year (95% CI 0.10, 0.33; I2 =94%). Observational analysis of highest and lowest mean attachment change quintiles suggested substantial differences between groups with minimal annual change in the lowest quintile and an average deterioration of 0.45mm mean attachment loss per year in the highest group. This value increased to 0.6mm per year with periodontitis alone. There was surprisingly little effect of age or gender on attachment level change. Geographic location, however, was associated with more than three times higher mean annual attachment loss in Sri Lanka and China (0.20mm, 95% CI 0.15, 0.27; I2 =83%) vs North America and Europe (0.056mm, 95% CI 0.025, 0.087; I2 =99%) P<0.001. There were a limited number of studies (N=16), high variability of design in key study components (sampling frames, included ages, data analyses), and high statistical heterogeneity that could not be explained. Within the limitations of the research, the data show that mean annual attachment level change varies considerably both within and between populations. Overall, the evidence does not support or refute the differentiation between forms of periodontal diseases based upon progression of attachment level change.

Association between Dental Health and Osteoporosis: A Study in South Indian Postmenopausal Women.

Aim:This study aims to objectively assess the dentition status in South Indian postmenopausal women and compare the dental health of osteoporotic participants with nonosteoporotic individuals.Materials and Methods:A total of 150 consecutive ambulatory South Indian postmenopausal women (>50 years of age) were assessed for their dental health using an internationally validated scoring system. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner.Results:About 39% of the participants were found to have osteoporosis and 23% had osteopenia at any site. More than half of them (57%) had poor dental health, and the predominant problems were cavities (43.5%) and loss of teeth (75%). Among 112 women who had tooth loss, the mean tooth loss was 4.8. The mean tooth loss among patients with normal BMD was 1.09 ± 1.2, in osteopenia was 2.1 ± 2, and in osteoporosis was 5.4 ± 2.8 (P < 0.01). The odds of having osteoporosis among the patients with three or more tooth loss were found to be 4.2 (95% confidence interval = 2.4–7.3).Conclusion:Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis had significantly higher number of tooth loss. Tooth loss may thus be used as a surrogate marker to predict osteoporosis.

Incidence of Tooth Loss in Adults: A 4-Year Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective To verify the incidence of tooth loss in extended age group of adults in 4 years. Materials and Methods The prospective cohort study assessed adults (20–64 years old) between 2011 and 2015, from Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. The dependent variable was cumulative incidence of tooth loss, assessed by difference between missing teeth (M) of decayed, missing, and filled tooth index (DMFT) in 2011 and 2015. Participants were stratified into young (20–44 years old) and older (45–64 years old) adults. Mann–Whitney U test (p < 0.05) was used to compare the means of incidence of tooth loss between age groups. Results After four years, 57.7% (n = 143) of adults were followed up and the mean incidence of tooth loss was 0.91 (SD = 1.65); among these, 51 adults (35.7%) who lost their teeth showed mean tooth loss of 2.55 (SD = 1.86). In older adults, incidence of tooth loss was higher (p = 0.008), but no difference between age groups was found when only adults with incidence of tooth loss were assessed (p = 0.844). Conclusion There was higher incidence of tooth loss in older adults after four years, however, without difference between age groups when only those who lost teeth were evaluated.

Tooth loss and alveolar bone crest loss during supportive periodontal therapy in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis: retrospective study with follow-up of 8 to 15years.

To determine the incidence of tooth loss in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT), identify tooth loss risk factors, and quantify alveolar crest height changes on periapical X-ray during follow-up. This retrospective study included 25 GAgP patients with 656 teeth after periodontal treatment (baseline). Data were gathered on sociodemographic, periodontal, and radiological variables at baseline and at the end of follow-up. Linear regression models were used to assess the association of risk factors with tooth loss. Twenty-eight teeth were extracted during SPT. The mean tooth loss per patient was 1.12±2.01 for all causes and 0.9±2.0 for periodontal disease after a mean follow-up of 10.9±2years. Clinical variables were improved at the end of follow-up, with a mean reduction of -1±0.8mm in probing pocket depth (-0.7 to -1.3, 95% CI) and -0.6±0.9mm in clinical attachment loss (-0.9 to -0.2, 95% CI). Mean alveolar bone crest loss at the end of follow-up was 0.36±0.56mm (0.10-0.61, 95% CI). Smoking was associated with tooth loss (p=0.052). Tooth loss rate was low in GAgP in a regular supportive care programme. Clinical variables improved, and bone loss was minimal over time. Smoking was associated with tooth loss.

Tooth loss prevalence and risk indicators among adult people visiting community health centers in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: The relationship between oral health and tooth retention is complex. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the main reasons for tooth loss; the contribution of other modifying factors such as cultural beliefs, socioeconomic characteristics, access to dental care, and dental practitioner's philosophy of treatment may also influence the decision to extract teeth. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and risk indicators of tooth loss in an adult population visiting community health centers (CHCs), Nellore district. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients visiting the outpatient wards of 10 CHCs which were selected by multistage random sampling. A total of 450 patients in the age range of 35–74 years were surveyed using a structured questionnaire followed by clinical examination. Questionnaire was regarding age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), smoking habits, dental visiting patterns, and oral hygiene practices. Clinical examination was performed using dentition status from the WHO pro forma and loss of attachment (LOA) with LOA Index. Results: Overall prevalence of tooth loss was 50.39%. The highest prevalence of tooth loss was reported in 65–74 years old age group (96.18%) and upper lower class. Males had highest tooth loss prevalence (64.29%) with mean tooth loss of 3.08 ± 3.59. Multiple logistic regression done to assess the impact of various independent variables on tooth loss revealed that age, gender, SES, habits of cleaning teeth, frequency of brushing teeth, time of brushing, dietary habits, visit to dentist, dental caries, and LOA had a significant impact on tooth loss. Conclusion: Age, gender, SES, habits of cleaning teeth, frequency of brushing teeth, time of brushing, dietary habits, visit to dentist, dental caries, and LOA were identified as risk indicators for tooth loss among adult people visiting community health centers in Andhra Pradesh.

Risk indicators for tooth loss in Kiriri Adult Indians: a cross-sectional study

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the risk indicators of tooth loss in adult Kiriri Indians from Brazil. A representative sample of 225 Indians (≥ 19 years of age) was assessed. Interviews using a structured written questionnaire were performed to collect data on demographics and socio-economic status, and health-related data. Probing depth, the distance between the cement-enamel junction and the free gingival margin, and decayed, missing or filled teeth were evaluated. Bivariate and logistic models were used to assess associations between tooth loss and age, sex, income, education, diabetic status, smoking habits, dental caries, severe periodontitis, plaque index and previous dental visit. Eighty per cent of subjects had lost one tooth or more, and 20% had lost eight teeth or more. Mean (± standard deviation) tooth loss was 5.09 (± 5.83) teeth. After adjustment for covariates, loss of one tooth or more was associated with older age [≥ 35 years; odds ratio (OR) = 4.06, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.38-11.94, P = 0.01], severe periodontitis (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 0.99-11.24, P = 0.05), higher dental caries (OR = 3.24, 95% CI: 1.35-7.78, P = 0.01) and previous dental visit (OR = 23.32, 95% CI: 5.75-94.63, P < 0.001). Tooth loss is highly prevalent in Kiriri Indians. Older age, severe periodontitis, higher caries index and previous dental visit were associated with tooth loss. Prevention and treatment programmes, targeting high-risk groups, are required to promote the oral health of the population.

Periodontal disease, tooth loss and coronary heart disease assessed by coronary angiography: a cross-sectional observational study.

To evaluate the association between periodontal disease, tooth loss and coronary heart disease (CHD). There is still controversy about the relationship between periodontal disease and tooth loss with vessel obstruction assessed using coronary angiography. This cross-sectional study included 195 patients that underwent coronary angiography and presented with at least six teeth. Patients were classified into three categories of coronary obstruction severity: absence; one or more vessels with ≤50% obstruction; and one or more vessels with ≥50% obstruction. The extent of coronary obstruction was dichotomized into 0 and ≥1 affected vessels. A periodontist blinded to patient CHD status conducted a full mouth examination to determine mean clinical attachment loss, mean periodontal probing depth and tooth loss. Multiple logistic regression models were applied adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, smoking, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein. Most patients were males (62.1%) older than 60years (50.8%), and 61% of them had CHD. Mean periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment loss and tooth loss were 2.64±0.72mm, 4.40±1.31mm and 12.50±6.98 teeth respectively. In the multivariable models, tooth loss was significantly associated with a higher chance of having at least one obstructed vessel (odds ratio=1.04; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.09) and with vessel obstruction ≥50% (odds ratio=1.06; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.11). No significant associations were found between periodontal variables and vessel obstruction. Tooth loss was found to be a risk indicator for CHD.

Association between low-dose aspirin and periodontal disease: results from the continuous national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2011-2012.

Low-dose aspirin has been hypothesized as being a potential host modulatory agent for periodontitis treatment. We investigated the relationship between low-dose aspirin use and periodontitis prevalence in the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012. We analysed n=2335 adult men and women who received a full-mouth periodontal examination and responded to an aspirin use questionnaire. Periodontal disease was defined as severe, moderate or mild according to established case definitions. Mean full-mouth probing depth, attachment loss and tooth loss were also considered. Low-dose aspirin was defined by any self-reported, physician prescribed aspirin use of ≤162mg/day. Participants had mean age (SE) 55.8years (0.42). The prevalences of periodontitis and low-dose aspirin use were 49.5% and 25% respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, race, socioeconomic variables and comorbidities, the odds ratios [95%CI] for moderate or severe periodontitis among low-dose aspirin users (versus non-users) were: 0.91 [0.56-1.50] and 1.06 [0.74-1.50] respectively. Results were unchanged among participants without diabetes or coronary heart disease. Within the limitations of this cross-sectional study we conclude that low-dose aspirin is not associated with prevalent periodontal status in a nationally representative sample of US adults.