Mean Running Time Research Articles

Changes in performance on physical capacity tests after three months of cross-training among elite male football referees in Burkina Faso

The performance of the football referee is partly determined by his physical abilities and cross-training is an effective training method. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of three months of cross-training on performance in physical field tests among elite soccer referees in Burkina Faso. Methods: It was carried out with 28 male referees, divided into two groups: cross-training group (CTG) and usual training group (UTG). CTG and UTG went through cross-training and regular elite referee training in Burkina Faso, respectively. max, running times over 10 m (RT10 m), 40 m (RT40 m) single sprint, Illinois agility test (RTIAT), and the mean running time to the repeated sprint ability test (RSAmean) were studied. The significance level of the statistical tests carried out was set at p < 0.05. Results: Significant improvements were observed in CTG for: max (+3.6%; p = 0.0009), RT10 m (-9.6%; p = 0.009), RT40 m (-3.2%; p = 0.0009), RTIAT (-4.8%; p = 0.0009) and RSAmean (-1.4%; p = 0.002). In UTG, performance was improved for: max (+0.6%; p = 0.01), RT10 m (-1.5%; p = 0.01), RTIAT (-1.8%; p = 0.008). Improvements were greater in CTG than in UTG for: max (+3.6% versus +0.6%; p = 0.000007), RT10 m (-9.6% versus -1.5%; p = 0.0001) and RTIAT (-4.8% versus -1.8%; p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results indicate that cross-training induces an improvement in performance on the tests used among elite football referees in Burkina Faso. These effects on cardiac physiology must be evaluated in these referees to determine the risk incurred by exposure to this method.

Effect of Serial Pregnancies on Physical Fitness

ABSTRACT Introduction Pregnancy has a profound impact on physical fitness, and delivery does not allow for rapid return to peak performance levels as physiologic changes can persist for greater than 1 year postpartum. Multiple studies across all military services have documented decrements in physical performance with pregnancy among women. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of serial pregnancies on physical fitness and body composition in a cohort of Army women. We hypothesized that a second pregnancy would be associated with increasing decrements in physical fitness in active duty soldiers beyond that seen following a first delivery. Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study screened all active duty soldiers who had delivered a singleton pregnancy of ≥32 weeks gestation between January 1, 2011 and March 31, 2017 at a single military medical center. This roster of eligible women was used to extract Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) and height/weight data from the U.S. Army Digital Training Management System. Soldiers who delivered their first 2 pregnancies over this period were included. Select antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum data were collected from the electronic medical record. The primary outcome variables were raw scores for push-ups, sit-ups, and run events as well as weight measures across the 2 pregnancies. The secondary outcomes were the failure rates on both the APFT events and body mass index measurements. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests to compare the means of APFT scores across the 2 pregnancies. The subjects served as their own controls. This study was approved by Regional Health Command-Pacific. Results A total of 2,103 active duty soldiers delivered singleton pregnancies at Tripler Army Medical Center between January 2011 and March 2017. Among these, 16 women delivered both their first- and second-term pregnancies and had APFT data available for analysis. Average age at time of first and second delivery was 26.1 and 28.1 years, respectively. Mean time separating the first postpartum APFT from the delivery was 8.8 months for the first pregnancy and 7.3 months following the second. A significant decrease in mean sit-up score was found comparing APFT-1 with APFT-2 (72.1 vs 65.7, P = .043) and comparing APFT-1 to APFT-3 (72.1 vs 60.9, P = .002). A significant increase in mean run time was found comparing APFT-1 to APFT-3 (16.9 minutes vs 17.9 minutes, P = .010) and APFT-2 to APFT-3 (17.5 minutes vs 17.9 minutes, P = .027). Comparing APFT-1 to APFT-3 showed a significant decrease in sit-up raw scores (P = .002), run times (P = .010), and total APFT scores (P = .01). Overall, the data show a trend of decreasing performance in all APFT events across the 3 APFTs and a trend toward higher failure rates. This cohort of soldiers did not experience weight gain following the pregnancies. Conclusions The present study is the first to analyze the association of serial pregnancies on physical fitness utilizing a validated physical fitness test, and the results suggest that a second pregnancy is associated with progressive worsening of performance. This study is limited by the small sample size, and future studies could further elucidate the degree to which serial pregnancies affect physical fitness.

Optimizing time and cost in construction projects with a hybridized multi-verse optimizer and opposition-based learning

PurposeFor successful management of construction projects, a precise analysis of the balance between time and cost is imperative to attain the most effective results. The aim of this study is to present an innovative approach tailored to tackle the challenges posed by time-cost trade-off (TCTO) problems. This objective is achieved through the integration of the multi-verse optimizer (MVO) with opposition-based learning (OBL), thereby introducing a groundbreaking methodology in the field.Design/methodology/approachThe paper aims to develop a new hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm. This is achieved by integrating the MVO with OBL, thereby forming the iMVO algorithm. The integration enhances the optimization capabilities of the algorithm, notably in terms of exploration and exploitation. Consequently, this results in expedited convergence and yields more accurate solutions. The efficacy of the iMVO algorithm will be evaluated through its application to four different TCTO problems. These problems vary in scale – small, medium and large – and include real-life case studies that possess complex relationships.FindingsThe efficacy of the proposed methodology is evaluated by examining TCTO problems, encompassing 18, 29, 69 and 290 activities, respectively. Results indicate that the iMVO provides competitive solutions for TCTO problems in construction projects. It is observed that the algorithm surpasses previous algorithms in terms of both mean deviation percentage (MD) and average running time (ART).Originality/valueThis research represents a significant advancement in the field of meta-heuristic algorithms, particularly in their application to managing TCTO in construction projects. It is noteworthy for being among the few studies that integrate the MVO with OBL for the management of TCTO in construction projects characterized by complex relationships.

Optimal run-and-tumble in slit-like confinement

Run-and-tumble is a basic model of persistent motion and a motility strategy widespread in micro-organisms and individual cells. In many natural settings, movement occurs in the presence of confinement. While accumulation at the surface has been extensively studied, the transport parallel to the boundary has received less attention. We consider a run-and-tumble particle confined inside a slit, where motion in the bulk alternates with intermittent sojourns at the wall. We first propose a discrete-direction model that is fully tractable and obtain the exact diffusion coefficient characterizing the long-time exploration of the slit. We then use numerical simulations to show that with an adequate choice of parameters, our analytical prediction provides a useful approximation for the diffusion coefficient of run-and-tumble with continuous direction. Finally, we identify the conditions that maximize diffusion within the slit and discuss the optimal mean run time. For swimming bacteria, we find that the optimum is typically reached when the mean run length is comparable to the confinement size. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Actis: A Strictly Local Union–Find Decoder

Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires classical hardware to perform the decoding necessary for error correction. The Union–Find decoder is one of the best candidates for this. It has remarkably organic characteristics, involving the growth and merger of data structures through nearest-neighbour steps; this naturally suggests the possibility of its realisation using a lattice of simple processors with nearest-neighbour links. In this way the computational load can be distributed with near-ideal parallelism. Here we show for the first time that this strict (rather than partial) locality is practical, with a worst-case runtime O(d3) and mean runtime subquadratic in the surface code distance d. A novel parity-calculation scheme is employed which can simplify previously proposed architectures, and our approach is optimised for circuit-level noise. We compare our local realisation with one augmented by long-range links; while the latter is of course faster, we note that local asynchronous logic could negate the difference.

Mental fatigue impairs repeated sprint and jump performance in team sport athletes

ObjectivesWe tested whether mental fatigue (MF), induced by a cognitively-demanding task, would impair repeated sprint ability (RSA) and repeated jump ability (RJA) performance, and whether physical fatigue and MF would impair psychomotor vigilance. DesignRandomized within-participant design. MethodsAfter establishing baseline peak countermovement jump (CMJ), 18 male participants performed 12 maximal 20-m (10-m linear + 10-m directional) repeated sprints (RSA random test) followed by 12 maximal repeated CMJs (RJA test) subsequent to 30-min Stroop task (MF) or a documentary (Control). Peak and mean running time and height, percent decrement score (Sdec), blood lactate, heart rate and RPE were measured for CMJ, RSA, and RJA tests. MF (M-VAS) and psychomotor vigilance [psychomotor vigilance test (PVT)] were measured at baseline, after each condition, and after the RSA/RJA tests. ResultsCompared to Control, the Stroop task elevated MF (p = .001), RPE ratings (all p < .031), and mean and Sdec performance in directional (but not linear) RSA (all p < .032) and RJA tests (all p < .034). PVT score worsened after Stroop task (p = .011) but not Control, declined after RSA/RJA tests in both conditions (all p < .023) and was lower in the MF condition (p = .029). No condition differences were noted for peak (CMJ, RSA and RJA tests) performance, blood lactate, and heart rate. ConclusionsMF impairs directional RSA, and RJA performance. This impairment was linked with increased RPE and without physiological changes. The progressive impairment in PVT score suggests a cumulatively negative effect of mental and physical fatigue on psychomotor vigilance.

Reliability and validity of a reactive agility test with soccer goalkeeper-specific movements for adolescents.

There is a lack of objective measures and assessments of goalkeeping proficiency and performance in the literature. Furthermore, no reports have focused on adolescent goalkeepers (under the age of 15). The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Goalkeeper Reactive Agility Test for Adolescents (GRATA). Content validity was assessed by seven experts and the Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) was calculated. We used similar settings to an agility test for college-aged goalkeepers, although the number of repetitions and running direction of the latter parts of the test were modified (number of repetitions: from 3 to 2; running direction: from forward to backward). Eighty-five adolescent male goalkeepers (age: 13.4 years) performed the test three times. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for relative reliability and the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) for absolute reliability. The I-CVI was 0.86, above the acceptable level of 0.78. The mean running time of the GRATA was 11.98 s. The ICC value was 0.91 (P<0.01; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.87-0.94), the SEM 0.26 s and the SWC 0.17 s. Our results demonstrate that the GRATA has sufficient reliability and content validity in adolescent GKs.

Frequency Fitness Assignment: Optimization Without Bias for Good Solutions Can Be Efficient

A fitness assignment process transforms the features (such as the objective value) of a candidate solution to a scalar fitness, which then is the basis for selection. Under Frequency Fitness Assignment (FFA), the fitness corresponding to an objective value is its encounter frequency in selection steps and is subject to minimization. FFA creates algorithms that are not biased towards better solutions and are invariant under all injective transformations of the objective function value. We investigate the impact of FFA on the performance of two theoryinspired, state-of-the-art EAs, the Greedy (2+1) GA and the Self-Adjusting (1+(&#x03BB;,&#x03BB;)) GA. FFA improves their performance significantly on some problems that are hard for them. In our experiments, one FFA-based algorithm exhibited mean runtimes that appear to be polynomial on the theory-based benchmark problems in our study, including traps, jumps, and plateaus. We propose two hybrid approaches that use both direct and FFAbased optimization and find that they perform well. All FFAbased algorithms also perform better on satisfiability problems than any of the pure algorithm variants.

SpaceX Mag

Low-vision users interact with smartphones via screen magnifiers, which uniformly magnify raw screen pixels, including whitespace and user interface (UI) elements. Screen magnifiers thus occlude important contextual information, such as visual cues, from the user's viewport. This requires low-vision users to pan over the occluded portions and mentally reconstruct the context, which is cumbersome, tiring, and mentally demanding. Prior work aimed to address these usability issues with screen magnifiers by optimizing the representation of UI elements suitable for low-vision users or by magnifying whitespace and non-whitespace content (e.g., text, graphics, borders) differently. This paper combines both techniques and presents SpaceXMag, an optimization framework that automatically reduces whitespace within a smartphone app, thereby packing more information within the current magnification viewport. A study with 11 low-vision users indicates that, with a traditional screen magnifier, the space-optimized UI is more usable and saves at least 28.13% time for overview tasks and 42.89% time for target acquisition tasks, compared to the original, unoptimized UI of the same app. Furthermore, our framework is scalable, fast, and automatable. For example, on a public dataset containing 16, 566 screenshots of different Android apps, it saves approximately 47.17% of the space (area) on average, with a mean runtime of around 1.44 seconds, without requiring any human input. All are indicative of the promise and potential of SpaceXMag for low-vision screen magnifier users.

A Rolling Real-Time Correction Method for Minute Precipitation Forecast Based on Weather Radars

The quantitative precipitation estimation by weather radar plays an important role in observations and forecasts of meteorological processes. The National Minute Quantitative Precipitation Forecast system of China (MQPF), providing location-based refined short-term and imminent precipitation forecasting services, filled the gap in the official minute precipitation service products in China’s meteorological field. However, due to the technical limitations of radar itself and the complexity of the atmosphere, the corresponding relationship between radar echoes and surface precipitation is unstable. Based on radar and precipitation data from meteorological stations, a rolling real-time correction method is proposed to improve precipitation prediction accuracy through rolling correction of spatial and temporal structural errors in MQPF products. The results show the following: (1) Although this method may lead to a certain increase in the missing ratio, the significant improvement in the false alarm ratio after rolling correction has a positive guiding effect on short-term public meteorological services. (2) Regarding the time to complete rolling correction, the longest and shortest times appear in April and December, respectively. The mean running time to achieve correction of spatial and temporal error corrections ranges from 3.8 s to 6.4 s and 7.7 s to 11.5 s, respectively, which fully meets the real-time operational requirements of radar business.

Emission factors measurement of regional power grid based on Gaussian process regression

Machine learning can analyze and study the huge amount of big data on electricity, explore and mine the correlation between electricity data, and then analyze the current situation and predict the future values of certain electric power industry indicators. In this paper, various social, economic and industrial indicators affecting the grid emission factors are derived through algorithmic analysis of the grid emission factors. The Gaussian process regression analysis algorithm was used to compare and analyze the collected electricity data, focusing on five aspects of regression effects, including root mean square error, mean square error, mean absolute error, fitting coefficient, and running time, to obtain the optimal regression model parameters. Finally, the trained model was completed to predict the emission factors of the East China Power Grid from 2020 to 2060.

Membrane oxygenator longevity was higher in argatroban-treated patients undergoing vvECMO.

In severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) can be a lifesaver. However, anticoagulation therapy is mandatory because the nonendothelial extracorporeal surface increases the risk of thromboembolic problems. Heparin is still the most common anticoagulant, but argatroban could be an alternative. This work investigates whether argatroban offers a therapeutic advantage over heparin during vvECMO. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent vvECMO for severe ARDS and received heparin or argatroban as anticoagulation therapy. Demographic variables, intensivecareunit(ICU) treatment and outcome parameters were evaluated. The primary outcome parameter was the operating time of the membrane oxygenator normalized to the duration of vvECMO treatment. Secondary outcome parameters were transfusion requirements normalized to the duration of vvECMO therapy. Fifty seven patients from January 2019 to February 2021 underwent vvECMO and were included in this study. Thirty three patients received heparin and 24 patients argatroban as anticoagulatory therapy. The groups did not differ in demographics, ICU scoring systems, or comorbidities. Platelet counts and partial prothrombin time did not differ between the two groups during the first 6 days of vvECMO. The argatroban group had lower requirements for red blood cells, platelets and fresh frozen plasma. The mean runtime of the individual membrane oxygenator increased from 12.3 days (heparin group) to 16.6 days in the argatroban group. Our findings suggest that argatroban can be considered as anticoagulant during vvECMO.

Evaluating the Scalability of Matrix Factorization and Neighborhood Based Recommender Systems

Recommendation Systems are everywhere, from offline shopping malls to major e-commerce websites, all use recommendation systems to enhance customer experience and grow profit. With a growing customer base, the requirement to store their interest, behavior and respond accordingly requires plenty of scalability. Thus, it is very important for companies to select a scalable recommender system, which can provide the recommendations not just accurately but with low latency as well. This paper focuses on the comparison between the four methods KMeans, KNN, SVD, and SVD++ to find out the better algorithm in terms of scalability. We have analyzed the methods on different parameters i.e., Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Precision, Recall and Running Time (Scalability). Results are elaborated such that selection becomes quite easy depending upon the user requirements.

An intelligence-based hybrid PSO-SA for mobile robot path planning in warehouse

Mobile robots play crucial roles in industry and commerce, and automatic guided vehicles (AGV) are one of the primary parts of smart manufactory and intelligent logistics. Path planning is the core task for the AGV system, and it generates the path from origin to destination. The motivation of the study is to improve the scalability, flexibility, adaptability, and performance of the robot path planning systems. We propose the hybrid PSO-SA algorithm for the optimization of AGV path planning. Compared with other heuristic algorithms by benchmark functions, including HS, FA, ABC and GA, the proposed algorithm shows excellent performance in dealing with optimization problems. It reduces the possibility of getting trapped in one local optimum and enhances the efficiency to get the best global solution with faster convergence and less time consumption. It is evaluated with multiple cost functions and path planning with simulations and experiments. The objective of the proposed algorithm is to minimize the path length and produce a smooth path without collision. The proposed PSO-SA algorithm is compared with PSO in the path planning application, and the mean runtime and iteration times are usually significantly lower than PSO.

Introduction of Multidisciplinary Team Approach for Head and Neck Cancer: Patient Satisfaction

Background and Objectives The head and neck multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach plays a crucial role in bringing together the ideas of various medical professionals. This study aimed to evaluate the early characteristics of the MDT approach for head and neck cancer and analyzed patients’ satisfaction.Subjects and Method We analyzed 450 head and neck cancer patients who received MDT care from August 2014 to June 2022. Patient satisfaction with MDT care was evaluated by selfadministered questionnaires consisting of 9 questions.Results Of 450, 298 (66.2%) were male and 152 (33.8%) were female. The mean age was 60.8±14.7 year. The most common primary site was the larynx (17.3%), followed by the oral cavity and oropharynx. A total of 726 cases of the MDT approach were performed in 266 MDT sessions, and the mean number of patients per MDT session was 2.74. The number of medical professionals participating in MDT ranged from a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 9, with a mean of 5.11. The mean running time of MDT meetings per case was 19.51 minutes. The time of the 2nd MDT was significantly shorter than that of the 1st or 3rd MDT. The mean score was close to very satisfactory in each of the 9 patient satisfaction questions.Conclusion We believe that the MDT approach is feasible and recommend its introduction for the treatment of head and neck cancer as most patients have shown very high satisfaction. Further studies on the role and efficacy of MDT care for head and neck cancer are necessary.

The Comparative Evaluation of the Fujifilm Wako β-Glucan Assay and Fungitell Assay for Diagnosing Invasive Fungal Disease.

Serum 1,3-β-d-glucan(BDG) is a broad fungal biomarker for invasive fungal disease (IFD). More data is still required to support the Fujifilm Wako assay as a valuable alternative to the widely used Fungitell assay. We included archived serum samples from 157 individuals (97 cases; 33-IA, 64-IC, and 60 controls) for the comparative performance evaluation of the Fungitell assay and the Fujifilm Wako assay for IFD diagnosis. The BDG value was significantly higher in patients with IFD vs. controls (70.79 pg/mL vs. 3.03 pg/mL, p: 0.0002). An area under the curve (AUC) for the IFD, IC, and IA diagnosis was 0.895, 0.910, and 0.866, respectively, for the Fujifilm Wako assay. Based on the highest Youden's index (0.667), a cutoff of 5 pg/mL was selected as the optimum for the Fujifilm Wako assay with good sensitivity (79.4%), specificity (88.3%) and agreement (84.7%, Cohen's k:0.691) with the Fungitell assay. The mean run-time of the Fujifilm Wako assay was 70.12 min, and real-time observation allowed earlier time to result in Fujifilm Wako vs. Fungitell assay (37 vs. 120 min, p: &lt; 0.0001). Thus, our findings support the diagnostic value of the Fujifilm Wako assay for the diagnosis of IFD. However, there is still a need to validate diagnostic protocols to optimize their use in multi-centre studies with different patient groups.

Denoising research of petrographic thin section images with the global residual generative adversarial network

Petrographic thin section images have an important role in depositional environment inference, prediction of reservoir physical properties, and oil and gas analysis. To overcome the current challenges in thin section image denoising, we propose the global residual generative adversarial network (GR-GAN). Compared with the classical generative adversarial network (GAN), the residual network structure of the GR-GAN is reconstructed, and the loss function is redefined. The GR-GAN is then applied to denoise the thin section images in two different oilfields. The final denoising results confirmed that the GR-GAN achieves the best denoising effects on both visual evaluation metrics and objective evaluation metrics compared with colour block-matching 3D filtering (CBM3D), K-singular value decomposition (K-SVD), the GAN and a fast and flexible denoising network (FFDNet). Specifically, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) generated by the GR-GAN on the test set are 28.2410 and 0.9674, 28.1075 and 0.9443, and 27.9919 and 0.9399, respectively, when the Gaussian noise is 15 dB, 25 dB and 35 dB, respectively, in the thin section image of the small-pore and fine-throat-type structures of J Oilfield; however, the data become 27.2841 and 0.9228, 26.8177 and 0.9162, and 26.3043 and 0.9068 for CBM3D, respectively, and these data generated by other methods are between the aforementioned two sets of data. The normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) generated by the GR-GAN and CBM3D with the test set are 0.0327 and 0.1382, 0.0584 and 0.1341, and 0.0786 and 0.1382, respectively, when the Gaussian noise is 15 dB, 25 dB and 35 dB, respectively, and the NRMSE generated by the other methods is also between the aforementioned two sets of data. For other types of thin section images, when the Gaussian noise is 15 dB, 25 dB and 35 dB, respectively, CBM3D, K-SVD, the GAN, FFDNet and the GR-GAN show similar denoising effects as previously described. Moreover, in a denoising experiment repeated more than 10 times with the above methods, the GR-GAN has the shortest mean running time of 1.0589 s, and the mean running times of CBM3D, K-SVD, the GAN and FFDNet are 6.4609 s, 155.3158 s, 1.9394 s and 1.0622 s, respectively.

Design and Implementation of an Efficient Electronic Bank Management Information System Based Data Warehouse and Data Mining Processing

The quantity of electronic bank data grows exponentially with development of Information Technology (IT). The size of these data is impossible for traditional database and human analyst to come up with interesting information that will help in process of decision making. Management Information System (MIS) based Data warehouse (DW) and Data Mining (DM) techniques support the development of IT and process of management decision-making. But the traditional DW size make the query complex, which may cause unacceptable delay in decision support queries. Thus, in this paper an Efficient Electronic Bank MIS based DW and Mining Processing (EEBMIS-DWMP) was developed with cluster and non-cluster indexed view to provide decision-makers with both best response time and precise information. Also, analysis of the multilayer perception neural network, naïve Bayes, random forest, logistic regression, support vector machine and C5.0 on a real-world data of bank was done to improve effectiveness for campaign by analyzing the most useful features that influence campaign success. Results offer how the proposed EEBMIS-DWMP developed bank organizations by comparing performance of system with and without index view in terms of balance accuracy, accuracy, precision, recall, mean absolute error, root mean square error, F measure and running time. Conclusions from results offers that EEBMIS-DWMP can construct a database for each customer, a storage system that integrates data from a variety of sources into a single unified framework, decrease errors and time required to prepare financial reports, quickly access for information, analysis of data in multivariate, accurate prediction of competent, profitability segmentation.

Implementation of pharmacists’ monitoring for intravenous drug compatibility

BackgroundInjectable medication errors primarily occur during preparation and administration. Currently, South Korea is experiencing chronic pharmacist shortages. Moreover, pharmacists have not routinely conducted prescription monitoring for intravenous compatibility. In the...

Smartphone application-based measurements of stem-base width and plant height in rice seedling

The measurements of stem-base width and plant height in rice seedlings are significantly associated with the assessment of in-field seedling growth quality, the determination of optimal seedling transplanting time, and the decision-making of later fertilization use. At present, the measurements of such two morphological traits heavily rely on the inefficient manual measurement method. Herein, we develop a smartphone application to accomplish these tedious and repetitive measurement tasks. Using the developed smartphone application, the reference object and rice seedling were taken into an entire image and then were performed image pre-processing, thereby segmenting the foreground from the background. The reference object image and rice seedling image in the foreground were respectively separated via a comparison in heights of the foreground contours. The reference object image was used for obtaining a scale factor, while the rice seedling image was used for measuring actual stem-base width and plant height by employing the obtained scale factor. The results of automatic measurements resulted from different conditions were compared with those of manual measurements, accomplishing the assessment of measurement accuracy. Collectively, the smartphone application achieved R2 values of 0.9832 and 0.9796 in measuring stem-base width and plant height respectively, and corresponding RMSE values were 0.0307 mm and 1.2311 mm respectively, when tests were performed in various conditions including three camera resolutions, three photographing heights, and three sunlight conditions. The mean runtime for processing an individual image was about 1796.164 ms when a total of 350 rice seedlings were measured under various conditions. This work not only demonstrates that the smartphone application allows low-cost, fast, and accurate measurements of stem-base width and plant height in rice seedling, which can be used as a reasonable alternative to the traditional manual measurement method; but also offers a valuable reference for farmers or researchers in terms of evaluating in-field seedling growth quality, determining optimal seedling transplanting time, as well as guiding follow-up in-field fertilizer expenditures; and further provides methodological support for relevant researches in other crops or domains.