Mean Red Blood Cell Count Research Articles

NCMP-21. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VENTRICULOPERITONEAL SHUNT PLACEMENT FOR POST-TREATMENT HYDROCEPHALUS FOLLOWING VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMA MANAGEMENT: SURGICAL INTERVENTION VERSUS STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY

Abstract INTRODUCTION Hydrocephalus may present in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) at initial diagnosis, primarily due to the obstructive effects of tumor mass on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. Notably, occurrences of hydrocephalus following either radiosurgery or surgical interventions have also been documented in clinical literature. OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical features of patients who have undergone surgical resection or radiosurgery for VS and subsequently developed hydrocephalus necessitating shunt placement. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with VS who underwent management via surgery or radiosurgery at Stanford Medical Center between 1998 and 2024, focusing on those who subsequently required shunt placement. RESULTS A total of 30 patients with VS underwent shunt placement due to hydrocephalus after tumor treatment; 5 patients (16.7%) were managed with radiosurgery and 25 patients (83.3%) with surgery. The median age at treatment was 64 years versus 57 years for the radiosurgery and surgery groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in age, sex, tumor volume, largest diameter at treatment, and tumor Koos grades, between the two groups. Nonetheless, the median time from tumor treatment to shunt placement was significantly longer in the radiosurgery group compared to the surgery group (21.53 versus 1.17 months, p-value=0.002). Regarding CSF parameters, mean white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts prior to shunt placement was significantly higher in the surgery versus the radiosurgery group (WBC=83.6 versus 2.0/mm3, p-value=0.001, RBC=3453.4 versus 313.33/mm3, p-value=0.02). CSF protein and glucose were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION The median time from VS treatment to shunt placement due to hydrocephalus was longer in the radiosurgery group compared to the surgery group. Furthermore, pre-shunt CSF WBC and RBC counts were higher in the surgery group. Future studies are needed to better understand treatment outcomes and optimize management strategies for these patients.

Evaluation of physiological effects of examination stress on Quantitative red blood cells count and hemoglobin in female medical students at Peoples University of medical and health sciences for women, Nawabshah.

Objective: To assess the physiological effects of examination stress on red blood cells in female medical students at Peoples university of medical and health sciences for women, Nawabshah. Study Design: Comparative Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Physiology, Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women, Shaheed Benazir Abad. Period: 7th April 2019 to 6th October 2019. Methods: A total 110 healthy students of first & Second year MBBS were included for this, by the non-probability randomized sampling technique, divided into two equal (55-students in each) groups A and B first & second year MBBS. Blood samples were collected prior to and during the exam, and the findings were evaluated using statistical software. Results: The mean RBC count ± SD thru the examination of students including the first year was 4.98±0.26 c/cm3, which was considerably higher than the pre-exam mean RBC count ±SD of 4.65±0.27 c/cm3. There was a small rise in RBC count throughout the examination compared to before (n = 55, p-value = 0.031) among the first-year students. During the second year examination, students had a mean RBC count ± SD of 4.67±0.28 c/cm3, which was not substantially higher than the pre-exam mean of 4.66±0.33 c/cm3. There was no significant increase in RBC count throughout the examination compared to before it among 2nd year students (n = 55, p-value = 0.932). Conclusion: Findings of study concluded that examination stress significantly affects first-year medical students' red blood cell (RBC) count, increasing it during exams, but not second-year students. This suggests varying physiological responses to stress, possibly due to academic adaptation or stress levels.

Effects of Altitude training on Ethiopian endurance athletes recovery heart rate and hematological variables

Background and Study Aim. A recent study indicates that Ethiopian middle- and long-distance athletes originate from diverse geographical regions, including areas of varying elevation. This study aimed to analyze the impact of altitude training on hematological parameters and recovery heart rates among young male endurance trainees training at sites located at different altitude levels. Material and Methods. The study employed a quasi-experimental, counterbalanced approach involving 15 male trainees. Five individuals from each training center experienced the standard training program across three distinct geographical locations and elevations. Pre- and post-test data were collected on red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, and recovery heart rate before and after six months, from 6:00–8:00 AM. ANCOVA was utilized to analyze the data. Results. Following the intervention, the mean Red Blood Cell (RBC) count was observed to be higher in trainees from low altitude (5.18±0.33) compared to those from moderate altitude (4.48±0.14 and 5.21±0.22), with a significance level of p<0.05. The mean Hemoglobin (HGB) count was found to be higher in moderate altitude trainees (17.00±0.70 and 16.31±0.65) than in low altitude trainees (15.82±1.37), although this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Similarly, the mean Hematocrit (HCT) count was low for both low altitude (46.04±3.49) and moderate altitude trainees (46.46±3.9 and 45.42±1.54), with no significant difference noted (p>0.05). The mean Platelet (PLT) count was 226.8±75.88 for low altitude trainees and 265.8±23.18, 276±53.96 for moderate altitude trainees, with no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). As for the recovery heart rate, mean values showed no significant difference between the pre-and post-test groups. In the pretest, the mean recovery heart rate was 30.00±14.70 for low-altitude trainees and 43.20±8.90, 43.20±13.68 for moderate-altitude trainees (p>0.05). In the post-test, the mean recovery heart rate was 25.20±7.82 for low-altitude trainees and 32.40±10.04, 36.00±7.35 for moderate-altitude trainees (p>0.05). Conclusions. The findings indicate that training at different altitudes impacts the hematological and cardiovascular systems of endurance athletes in varied ways. This underscores the importance of developing tailored training programs to optimize performance and recovery. These results are particularly relevant for coaches and athletes seeking to enhance endurance training outcomes through altitude training strategies.

Exploring the Clinical and Hematological Characteristics of Beta-Thalassemia Trait: A Comprehensive Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital Setting.

Beta-thalassemia is one of the most common inherited hematological diseases caused by more than 350 mutations in the β-globingene (HBB). Beta-thalassemia carrier or trait is associated with defects in one allele of the HBB gene. The majority of beta-thalassemia trait cases remain concealed in society and remain unnoticed as they are mostly asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms of anemia. There is a 25% chance of having children with beta-thalassemia major and a 50% chance of having carrier babies when two people with beta-thalassemia trait are married. Hence, it is important to identify the individuals with beta-thalassemia trait and provide counseling to understand the risks of pregnancy and its outcome. Aim To study the identification of beta-thalassemia trait cases along with their clinical findings and hematological correlation. Materials and methods Study Design This was a retrospective study conducted at Saveetha Medical College and Hospitalfor a period of four years from January 2020 to December 2023. Inclusion Criteria Age group more than 18 years, antenatal mother, cases of anemia who were refractory to iron treatment, and screening of family members in the positive cases of beta-thalassemia trait. Exclusion Criteria History of blood transfusion within three months was excluded. Data Collection A total number of 837 cases were screened to rule out the presence of beta-thalassemia trait/hemoglobin (Hb) variants. A 2 mL of intravenous blood samples were collected in an ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) vacutainer tube and processed in a Sysmex XN 1000 (Hyogo, Japan: Sysmex Corporation)automated hematology analyzer. The hematological parameters were analyzed. Statistical Analysis The study included both descriptive and analytical characteristics. Mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for all the hematological parameters. Beta-thalassemia trait was diagnosed with an HbA2 level of more than 4.0% through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results Among the 837 samples studied for HPLC screening, 74 (8.8%) cases were found to have beta-thalassemia trait. The age group included was from 18 years to 56 years. Of 74 cases studied, 32(43%) were females and 42(57%) were males. Among the 74 cases studied, the Mentzer index <13 was seen in 58 (78%) cases and the Mentzer index >13 was seen in 16 cases (22%). Thirty-four cases (46%) of beta-thalassemia traits presented to the hospital with a history of fever for evaluation and antenatal screening accounted for 19 cases (26%). The mean red blood cell (RBC) count was 5.5 million/cu.mm; mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was 63.8 fL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) was 19.6 pg; red cell distribution width coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) was 17.8%. Among the 74 cases studied, 37(46%) cases had an Hb of more than 11 g/dL, 22 cases had mild anemia, 12 cases had moderate anemia, and three cases had severe anemia. Conclusion This study concluded that regular monitoring of the Mentzer index along with HPLC analysis is an effective approach in identifying beta-thalassemia trait cases and further providing genetic counseling among the couples that will help in reducing high-risk pregnancy and the birth of a child with thalassemia major.

Environmental chemical-wide associations with immune biomarkers in US adults: A cross-sectional analysis

Environmental chemical exposures influence immune system functions, and humans are exposed to a wide range of chemicals, termed the chemical “exposome”. A comprehensive, discovery analysis of the associations of multiple chemical families with immune biomarkers is needed. In this study, we tested the associations between environmental chemical concentrations and immune biomarkers. We analyzed the United States cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999–2018). Chemical biomarker concentrations were measured in blood or urine (196 chemicals, 17 chemical families). Immune biomarkers included counts of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, red blood cells, white blood cells, and mean corpuscular volume. We conducted separate survey-weighted, multivariable linear regressions of each log2-transformed chemical and immune measure, adjusted for relevant covariates. We accounted for multiple comparisons using a false discovery rate (FDR). Among 45,528 adult participants, the mean age was 45.7 years, 51.4% were female, and 69.3% were Non-Hispanic White. 71 (36.2%) chemicals were associated with at least one of the eight immune biomarkers. The most chemical associations (FDR<0.05) were observed with mean corpuscular volume (36 chemicals) and red blood cell counts (35 chemicals). For example, a doubling in the concentration of cotinine was associated with 0.16 fL (95% CI: 0.15, 0.17; FDR<0.001) increased mean corpuscular volume, and a doubling in the concentration of blood lead was associated with 61,736 increased red blood cells per μL (95% CI: 54,335, 69,138; FDR<0.001). A wide variety of chemicals, such as metals and smoking-related compounds, were highly associated with immune system biomarkers. This environmental chemical-wide association study identified chemicals from multiple families for further toxicological, immunologic, and epidemiological investigation.

Complete Blood Counts Parameters and Erythrocyte Transfusions in Predicting Retinopathy of Prematurity

Aim:This study investigates the association of complete blood count parameters and erythrocyte transfusions with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) requiring treatment in infants born prematurely under 32 weeks of gestation. Materials and Methods:The single-center, retrospective, observational study included 130 patients with a gestational age between 24-32 weeks who were born in the same hospital and hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of the hospital between 2016-2018. Results:Mean complete blood count parameters at postnatal 0-24 hours and postnatal 24-72 hours as well as erythrocyte transfusions were compared in terms of retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment. Mean hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cell count at postnatal 24-72 hours were significantly lower in patients with ROP requiring treatment than in those without. Conclusion: The study suggests that low erythrocyte mass and an increased number of early erythrocyte transfusions are important risk factors for the development of ROP requiring treatment.

Haematological changes induced by experimental Escherichia coli infection in layer chicken

This study examined the haematological alterations in layer hens infected with experimental Escherichia coli (E. coli). Twenty laying chickens (20 weeks old) were acquired and randomly divided into two groups of ten layers each (infected and control). After challenging the infected group with 0.5 milliliters of bacterial aliquot containing 109 colony forming units (CFU) of the bacteria intratracheally, 1 ml of blood was collected from each group on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 post-infections (pi) for haematology. The mean PCV of the infected group dropped significantly (p&lt;0.05) to its lowest value of 17.0 ± 0.71% on day 4, and then ascended to a peak level of 24.6 ± 1.03% on day 28. In the infected group, the mean Total White Blood Cell count grew considerably (p&lt;0.05) from day 2 (14.81 ± 3.28 × 109/L) to day 14 pi, when it peaked at 29.16 ± 0.81 × 109/L. From day 2 pi to the lowest value (1.63 ± 0.07 × 1012L) on day 14 pi, the mean Red Blood Cell count fell; from day 21 to the maximum value (2.55 ± 0.08 × 1012L) on day 28 pi, it improved. The infected group's mean lymphocyte counts rose from day 4 to a peak level (21.59 ± 0.92 × 109/L) on day 14 pi. After that, it declined, but continued to be significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than the control group up to day 42. In conclusion, E. coli infection in layer chickens induced haematological changes.

A Phase 1b Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of DISC-0974, an Anti-Hemojuvelin Antibody, in Patients with Non-Dialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease and Anemia

Hepcidin, a central regulator of iron homeostasis, is pathologically elevated in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD) and anemia. Elevations in hepcidin contribute to the onset, maintenance, and severity of anemia. DISC-0974 is an investigational, first-in-class, monoclonal antibody that blocks hemojuvelin (HJV), a co-receptor in the bone morphogenetic protein-signaling pathway regulating hepcidin expression. In a healthy volunteer study, DISC-0974 demonstrated dose-dependent reductions in serum hepcidin, increases in serum iron with doses up to 56 mg administered subcutaneously (SC), and increasing trends in reticulocyte count, reticulocyte hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, total hemoglobin (Hgb), and red blood cell count. In a rat model of anemia in CKD, DISC-0974 decreased hepcidin, increased serum iron, and normalized hemoglobin (Wu et al., ASH 2022). DISC-0974-103 is a Phase 1b, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending dose study (NCT05745883) to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of DISC-0974 in patients with NDD-CKD and anemia. Eligible participants include patients over 18 years of age with NDD-CKD, stages 2-5, hemoglobin (Hgb) &amp;lt;10.5 g/dL in women and &amp;lt;11.0 g/dL in men, serum ferritin ≥100 μg/L, and transferrin saturation (TSAT) ≤30%. Major exclusionary criteria include: concomitant treatment with therapeutic oral iron, intravenous iron, erythropoietin-stimulating agents, or blood transfusions; splenectomy; and nutritional, genetic, infectious, or autoimmune causes of anemia. Approximately 32 participants will be enrolled. On Day 1, participants will receive a single dose of DISC-0974 SC with evaluations for safety, PK, and PD through 57 days of follow-up. Dose escalation is planned across 4 cohorts consisting of 8 participants each, randomized 3:1 active treatment to placebo, treated at single doses of 28, 40, 60, and 90 mg SC DISC-0974. Safety Review Committee assessments are planned to gate escalation decisions. Primary endpoints include adverse events (AEs), clinical laboratory assessments, vital signs, physical examinations, and electrocardiograms. Secondary endpoints include changes in serum hepcidin-25, iron, TSAT, ferritin, Hgb, and other hematology biomarkers. Enrollment is currently ongoing, and available study results will be presented at the meeting.

A Phase 1b Trial of DISC-0974, an Anti-Hemojuvelin Antibody, in Patients with Myelofibrosis and Anemia

Hepcidin, a central regulator of iron homeostasis, is pathologically elevated in patients with myelofibrosis (MF) and anemia. Chronic elevations in hepcidin contribute to the onset and severity of anemia. DISC-0974 is an investigational, first-in-class, monoclonal antibody that blocks hemojuvelin, a co-receptor in the bone morphogenetic protein-signaling pathway driving hepcidin expression. Preclinical studies have shown that DISC-0974 suppresses hepcidin and increases serum iron. A healthy volunteer study has demonstrated dose-dependent reductions in serum hepcidin, increases in serum iron with doses up to 56 mg administered subcutaneously, and increasing trends in reticulocyte count, reticulocyte hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, total hemoglobin (Hgb), and red blood cell count. In this Phase 1b/2a, open-label, multiple-ascending dose study (NCT05320198), we are assessing the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of DISC-0974 in patients with MF and anemia. Eligible participants include patients over 18 years of age with intermediate-2 or higher-risk MF and anemia. MF is required to be confirmed using the World Health Organization 2016 criteria. Anemia is defined per protocol as Hgb &amp;lt; 10 g/dL or transfusion dependence, as defined by the International Working Group for Myelofibrosis Research and Treatment (IWG-MRT). A stable dose of hydroxyurea and/or Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor is allowed on trial. Major exclusion criteria include: liver iron concentration ≥ 7 mg/g dry weight; splenectomy; nutritional, genetic, infectious, or autoimmune causes of anemia. Dose escalation is based on a Bayesian optimal interval design with accelerated titration. Safety Review Committee assessments gate escalation decisions. Dosing occurs monthly for a total of 6 doses. Primary endpoints include safety and tolerability assessments of adverse events (AEs), clinical laboratory assessments, vital signs, physical examinations, and electrocardiograms. Secondary endpoints include anemia response as defined by the IWG-MRT, transfusion response as defined by a decrease of 50% in transfusion requirement over any 8-week period, standard PK parameters and PD metrics including serum hepcidin-25, iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, and hematology biomarkers. All data are summarized using descriptive statistics. Initial data show a dose-related increase in pharmacokinetic parameters. DISC-0974 treatment led to dose-dependent reductions in serum hepcidin-25 and increases in serum iron levels. There have been no serious AEs or AEs leading to study withdrawal. Most AEs were mild, transient, and unrelated to DISC-0974. As of August 1, 2023, enrollment and dose escalation are ongoing. Safety, PK, and PD data from at least the first two cohorts will be presented.

CBC Differences between Survived and Deceased COVID-19 Patients: A Cohort Study.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic showed the importance of simple, low-cost, and accessible tests for patient triage. Complete Blood Count (CBC) can be considered a good option for predicting the prognosis of COVID-19 and daily follow-up of hospitalized patients. CBC tests of 100 COVID-19 patients admitted to the general ward or intensive care unit (ICU) were monitored for ten days. Routine laboratory tests were also performed. In addition, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated at the time of admission. The WBC count of the ICU-admitted patients was significantly lower than in the non-ICU-admitted group (P = 0.008). The mean lymphocyte percentage of deceased patients was significantly lower than in the survived patients (P = 0.041), whereas the mean neutrophil percentage of the former group was higher than the latter ( P = 0.012). Moreover, the mean monocyte percentage of the survivors was significantly more than that of non-survivors (P = 0.003). However, there was no significant difference in mean platelet counts, hemoglobin levels, and red blood cell count between the studied groups. A lower WBC, lymphocyte percentage, and monocyte percentage, in addition to a higher neutrophil percentage, may indicate a poor prognosis in moderate to severe COVID-19 patients.

The blood count as a compass to navigate in the ever-changing landscape of the carrier state of hemoglobinopathies: a single-center Italian experience.

Approximately 7% of the worldwide population exhibits variations in the globin genes. The recent migration of populations from countries where hemoglobin disorders are endemic has resulted in important epidemiological changes with the diffusion of newly discovered or poorly characterized genetic variants and new combinations and very heterogeneous clinical phenotypes. The aim of our study is to assess the parameters that are more significant in predicting a positive genetic testing outcome for hemoglobinopathies in a pediatric population of patients presenting with anemia or microcythemia, without a definite diagnosis. This study included patients evaluated in our hematological outpatient clinic for anemia and/or microcythemia despite normal ferritin levels. A screening of pathological hemoglobins using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed for the entire population of the study. Subsequently, patients with hemoglobin (Hb) S trait and patients with an HPLC profile compatible with beta thalassemia trait were excluded from the study. Genetic screening tests for hemoglobinopathies were performed on the remaining patients, which involved measuring the red blood cell (RBC) counts, red blood cells distribution width (RDW), reticulocyte count, and mean corpuscular volume of reticulocytes (MCVr). This study evaluated a total of 65 patients, consisting of nine patients with negative genetic analysis results and 56 patients with positive genetic analysis results. The Hb and RDW values in these two groups did not demonstrate statistical significance. On the other hand, there were statistically significant differences observed in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), RBC count, reticulocyte count, and MCVr between the two groups. Furthermore, in the group of patients with positive genetic test results, specific genetic findings associated with different HPLC results were observed. In particular, 13 patients with positive genetic test results had normal HPLC findings. This study has demonstrated that HPLC, while serving as a valuable first-level test, has some limitations. Specifically, it has been observed that some patients may exhibit a negative HPLC result despite a positive genetic analysis. In addition to the presence of low levels of Hb and HPLC alterations, other parameters could potentially indicate the underlying mutations in the globin genes. Therefore, we propose that the complete blood cell count be utilized as a widely available parameter for conducting targeted genetic analyses to avoid the risk of overlooking rare hemoglobinopathies.

Effects of African Swine Fever infection on blood of Pigs from Selected Local Government Areas in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Indirect Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) was carried out to detect antibodies against African Swine Fever (ASF) virus and haematological investigations were also carried out on blood samples collected from 299 pigs from selected Local Government Areas in Kaduna State Nigeria. The serum samples from 10 pigs (3.34%) were positive by ELISA haematological investigations consisted of packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC). The mean PCV, RBC and WBC values of pigs negative for ASF were 34.84+9.611, 6.299+6.093 9.953+5.565/ml respectively while the values of pigs positive for ASF were 32.30+6.464, 5.160+1.182 and 9.740+4.37 /ml respectively. It was observed that the mean PCV values of the sero-positive pigs and seronegative pigs were not significantly different from the normal value, it was also observed that the sero-positive pigs had higher mean WBC count than the normal and also mean seronegative pigs.. In conclusion, African Swine Fever infection caused increase in the mean values of PCV, RBC and WBC count.

Clinical, hematological and molecular evaluation of piroplasma and Anaplasma infections in small ruminants and tick vectors from Kurdistan province, western Iran

Tick-borne haemoparasite infections are a major challenge in small ruminant (SR) production across tropical areas. The present study evaluated the prevalence of Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma in SRs and their tick vectors and estimated the association between pathogen prevalence with clinical hematological findings among SR populations in Kurdistan province, western Iran. In total, 250 blood samples and 250 tick species (one per animal) were collected from SR populations, along with clinical and hematological examinations. Microscopy of blood smears and molecular analysis were performed to detect potential infection with Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma. Moreover, haemoparasites were explored in the isolated ticks using semi-nested PCR. Based on microscopy, the prevalence of Theileria, Anaplasma and Babesia infections was 91.2%, 23.2% and 2.4%, respectively. Semi-nested PCR analysis of blood samples demonstrated 86.8%, 78.8% and 14% prevalence for T. ovis, A. ovis and B. ovis, respectively. Dermacentor marginatus and Rhipicephalus turanicus were predominant isolated tick vectors from SR, while D. marginatus was the most contaminated tick in all investigated counties. There were, also, a statistically significant association between the estimated molecular prevalence rates with semi-yellow conjunctiva (A. ovis), body temperature (T. ovis and A. ovis), heart rate (T. ovis and B. ovis), mean white blood cell count (T. ovis and A. ovis), mean red blood cell count (T. ovis and B. ovis), as well as mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in all haemoparasite infections. Future studies are recommended to reveal the epidemiology of such infections in SRs in Iran.

5595818 ASSESSMENT OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF PETROL FILLING WORKERS AT PETROL STATIONS IN GONDAR TOWN, NORTHWEST ETHIOPIA: A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: Petrol is the non-specific term for petroleum which is used for the inside combustion of engines. Petrol filling workers are highly vulnerable to occupational exposure to these harmful substances which lead to hematotoxicity and blood disorders such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, and dysplastic bone marrow. Thus, this study aimed to assess the hematological parameters of petrol-filling workers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 110 study participants comprising 55 study groups and 55 controls group were recruited by a convenient sampling technique. Socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and 3 ml of venous blood was collected for the determination of hematological parameters. The data were entered into Epi info 7.2.0.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Mean standard deviation, median, and interquartile ranges were used to present the data. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the mean or median difference between parametric and non-parametric hematological parameters, respectively. Moreover, Pearson product-moment and Spearman’s rank-order bivariable correlations analyses were used to describing the correlation between hematological parameters and duration of exposure to petrol. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study revealed that the mean red blood cell count and hemoglobin level as well as the median hematocrit, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, absolute lymphocyte count, and red cell distribution width values of petrol filling workers showed a significant increment compared with the control group. On the other hand, the mean cell hemoglobin value of petrol filling workers showed a significant decrement compared with healthy controls. Moreover, the duration of exposure to petrol showed a significant positive correlation with red blood cell count and mean cell hemoglobin concentration; however, a significant negative correlation was observed with mean cell volume. Conclusion: This study showed that the majority of hematological parameters of petrol filling workers showed an increment compared with healthy controls which might be associated with exposure to petrol chemicals. However, further longitudinal studies with a larger sample size should be conducted to explore the impact of petrol exposure on hematopoiesis.

5575817 “ASSESSMENT OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF PETROL FILLING WORKERS AT PETROL STATIONS IN ETHIOPIA: A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.”

Background: Petrol is the non-specific term for petroleum which is used for the inside combustion of engines. Petrol filling workers are highly vulnerable to occupational exposure to these harmful substances which lead to hematotoxicity and blood disorders such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, and dysplastic bone marrow. Thus, this study aimed to assess the hematological parameters of petrol filling workers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 110 study participants comprising 55 study groups and 55 controls group were recruited by a convenient sampling technique. Socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and 3 ml of venous blood was collected for the determination of hematological parameters. The data were entered into Epi info 7.2.0.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Mean standard deviation, median, and interquartile ranges were used to present the data. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the mean or median difference between parametric and non-parametric hematological parameters, respectively. Moreover, Pearson product-moment and Spearman’s rank-order bivariable correlations analyses were used to describing the correlation between hematological parameters and duration of exposure to petrol. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study revealed that mean red blood cell count and hemoglobin level as well as the median hematocrit, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, absolute lymphocytes count, and red cell distribution width values of petrol filling workers showed a significant increment compared with the control group. On the other hand, the mean cell hemoglobin value of petrol filling workers showed a significant decrement compared with healthy controls. Moreover, the duration of exposure to petrol showed a significant positive correlation with red blood cell count and mean cell hemoglobin concentration; however, a significant negative correlation was observed with mean cell volume.

Effects of African Swine Fever infection on blood of pigs from selected local government areas in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

African Swine Fever (ASF) is a notifiable highly infectious lethal haemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). was carried out to detect antibodies against ASF virus and haematological investigations were also carried out on blood samples collected from 127 pigs from various piggeries and slaughter houses from selected Local Government Areas in Nassarawa State Nigeria. 1(0.79%) pig was positive to ELISA haematological investigations consisting of packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), and white blood cell count (WBC). The mean PCV, RBC and WBC values of pigs sero-negative for ASF were 32.64+6.509, 12.97+ 3.653 and 10.30+5.397/ml respectively while the values of pig sero-positive for ASF was 32.80+ 0.00 , 13.00+0.00 and 20.60+0.00/ml respectively. It was observed that the PCV values (32.800+ 0.00) of the sero-positive pig and sero-negative pigs (32.64+6.509) were not significantly different from the normal value; it was also observed that the sero-positive pig had higher mean WBC count than the normal and also mean sero-negative pigs. There was increase in the mean values of PCV, RBC and WBC count caused by African Swine Fever infection due to response to the disease infection.

Effect of African Swine Fever Infection on Some Blood Parameters in Pigs from Selected Local Government Areas in Benue State, Nigeria

African swine fever (ASF) is a notifiable highly infectious lethal haemorrhagic diseasein domestic pigs. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). was carried out to detect antibodies against ASF virus and haematological investigations were also carried out on blood samples collected from one hundred and eighty seven pigs from various piggries and slaughter houses from selected Local Government Areas in Benue State Nigeria. Thirteen (6.95%) pigs were . positive to ELISA haematological investigations consisting of packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), and white blood cell count (WBC). The mean PCV, RBC and WBC values of pigs negative for ASF were 32.38 +10.94, 7.49 +5.32, 8.38 +10.64/ml. respectively while the values of pigs positive for ASF were 35.50 +11.35, 10.03 +4.05 and 9.10 +-6.-25/ml. respectively. It was observed that the mean PCV values (35.50+11.35) of the sero-positive pigs and sero-negative pigs (32.38+10.94) were not significantly different from the normal value; it was also observed that the sero-positive pigs had higher mean WBC count than the normal and also mean seronegative pigs. In conclusion, ASF infection caused increase in the mean values of PCV, RBC and WBC counts.

EVALUATION OF THE UTILITY OF HEMATOLOGICAL INDICES FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BETA THALASSEMIA TRAIT AND IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA: A META ANALYSIS

Background/Objectives: β-thalassemia trait (βTT) and iron deciency anemia (IDA) are most regularly reported microcytic anemia disorders. We aimed at evaluating the utility of various hematological indices in the differentiation of iron deciency anemia and beta-thalassemia trait. Methods: In this study, a total of 70 Patients aged between 3-52 years diagnosed with IDA (supported by iron studies) or βTT (supported by HPLC) were included. The Hemoglobin values ranged 7.5-11.6gm/dl. Hematological parameters like Hemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Volume, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin, Red Blood Cell Distribution Width, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration and Red Blood Cell count which were measured by Horiba pentra XLR automated hematology analyzer for each case. 12 discrimination indices(DIs) namely Red blood distribution width index(RDWI),Red blood cell count, Mentzer index, Shine and Lal, England and Fraser(E&amp;FI), Srivastava, Green and King(G&amp;KI), Ricerca, Sirdah, and Ehsani indices; Mean density of hemoglobin/ litre of blood; Mean cell density of hemoglobin in all patients were calculated using above hematological parameters. We also calculated sensitivity, specicity, positive &amp; negative predictive value and yoden's index of each DIs to assess the diagnostic accuracy of DIs. RBC count, Mentzer Results: index and RDWI were the most sensitive and specic for both IDA and TT. All twelve DIs have variable sensitivity and specici Conclusion: ty. However, these hematological indices which are routinely performed offer rapid, reliable and cost effective method in distinguishing βTT and IDA.

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Icteric Newborns at the Essos-Yaound&amp;#233;-Cameroon Hospital

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is an enzymopathy characterized by insufficient production of reduced glutathione (GSH), a molecule known for its antioxidant role. This lack of GSH leads to a deficit in the elimination of peroxide ions from the red blood cells, causing thereby hemolytic accidents, which can be fatal if not properly managed. In neonates, the clinical picture is most often that of neonatal jaundice. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the place of G6PD deficiency as a cause of neonatal jaundice at Essos Hospital Centre. Methods: We conducted a prospective descriptive study over three months. Blood samples taken from newborns aged 0 to 28 days were analyzed in the medical analysis laboratory of the Essos Hospital Centre in Yaoundé. We carried out a determination of the enzymatic activity of G6PD, a blood count and the determination of the bilirubin level. The results obtained were analysed using R statistical software version 4.1.1. Linear regression analyses were used to assess correlations between the variables of interest. Results: Sixty-nine icteric neonates constituted our study population, with a total of 40 boys (58%) and 29 girls (42%) with a sex ratio of 1.37 in favour of boys. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in icteric children was 50.72%. The mean hemoglobin was 15.3 ± 3.08 g/dL and the mean red blood cell count was 4.52 ± 1.01 × 106/mm3. The mean total bilirubin was 122 ± 48.3 mg/L with a maximum of 308 mg/L and the mean free bilirubin was 104 ± 46.6 mg/L with a maximum of 292 mg/L. Furthermore, after linear regression analysis, we obtained a positive and significant correlation between G6PD enzymatic activity and hemoglobin level (r = 0.33; p ≤ 0.001), G6PD red blood cell level (r = 0.26; p Conclusion: Neonatal jaundice in G6PD-deficient children is a real public health problem and the prevention of hemolysis in children requires an early diagnosis of the enzyme disorder and good follow-up of the children.

Evaluations of the diurnal variations in the haematological profiles of domestic fowls

The diurnal fluctuation in the haematological parameters of the domestic fowls was investigated using twenty four (24) male Isa Brown chickens. Twenty four (24) apparently healthy Isa Brown chickens of average mean weight 1.99±0.12 kg (1.85-2.30kg) aged 18 weeks were used for this study. The Isa Brown chickens (24) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (A to D) of six chickens per group in a completely randomized design (CRD). Group A: Early morning (6am), Group B: Afternoon (12pm), Group C: Evening (6pm) and Group D: Mid Night (12am). Blood samples were collected from the birds at 6:00 am, 12:00 pm, 6:00 pm and 12:00 am, during a 12-hour light and a 12-hour dark period at a six hourly intervals. The mean haemoglobin (Hb) concentration (10.40±0.09g/dl) and packed cell volume (31.00±0.41%) at 12am were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher than the other diurnal periods of the day. The mean red blood cell count (RBC) at early morning (6am) was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher than the values at 12pm but showed no significant (p &gt; 0.05) difference when compared to the values at 6pm and 12am. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) concentrations at 12pm were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher when compared to the 6am values. The mean total leucocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte count and monocyte count at 6am were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher than the values at 6pm. There was however no significantly (p &gt; 0.05) variations in the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations (MCHC), heterophil count, eosinophil count, basophil count and heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio among all the diurnal periods investigated. In conclusion, the haemoconcentration produced in this study might be responsible for the higher haematological parameters during the night (12am) and early morning (6am) because the birds were neither feeding nor drinking water at this period of the day