Mean PS Research Articles

Influence of climate variability modes over wind-sea and swell generated wave energy

Wave energy is one of the cleanest renewable sources of energy generated through the motion of wind-sea and swell waves. This study examines the influence of different climate variability modes over global wave energy generated from wind-sea (PW) and swell waves (PS) during 1950–2021 using the ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The major climate modes, such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) are considered during four boreal seasons. Wave energy extremes are determined using a non-stationary generalized extreme value analysis. The significant positive influence of ENSO on mean and extreme PS is evident over the northeast and central Pacific Ocean (PO) during December–February (DJF), and weakens during March–May (MAM). The strongest NAO response to PW and PS is evident during DJF as a tripolar and dipolar pattern over the north Atlantic Ocean, respectively. Further, PW responses due to IOD include significant increases over the Bay of Bengal and eastern Indian Ocean (IO) during JJA, which extend towards the central IO during SON. Lastly, SAM influence over PW occurs as a dipole pattern in the Southern Ocean (SO), i.e., positive anomalies in between 55°S and 65°S and negative anomalies in between 30°S and 55°S.

A simulation-based randomized trial of ABCDE style cognitive aid for emergency medical services CHecklist In Prehospital Settings: the CHIPS-study

BackgroundChecklists are a powerful tool for reduction of mortality and morbidity. Checklists structure complex processes in a reproducible manner, optimize team interaction, and prevent errors related to human factors. Despite wide dissemination of the checklist, effects of checklist use in the prehospital emergency medicine are currently unclear. The aim of the study was to demonstrate that participants achieve higher adherence to guideline-recommended actions, manage the scenario more time-efficient, and thirdly demonstrate better adherence to the ABCDE-compliant workflow in a simulated ROSC situation.MethodsCHIPS was a prospective randomized case–control study. Professional emergency medical service teams were asked to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation on an adult high-fidelity patient simulator achieving ROSC. The intervention group used a checklist which transferred the ERC guideline statements of ROSC into the structure of the ‘ABCDE’ mnemonic. Guideline adherence (performance score, PS), utilization of process time (items/minute) and workflow were measured by analyzing continuous A/V recordings of the simulation. Pre- and post-questionnaires addressing demographics and relevance of the checklist were recorded. Effect sizes were determined by calculating Cohen’s d. The level of significance was defined at p < 0.05.ResultsTwenty scenarios in the intervention group (INT) and twenty-one in the control group (CON) were evaluated. The average time of use of the checklist (CU) in the INT was 6.32 min (2.39–9.18 min; SD = 2.08 min). Mean PS of INT was significantly higher than CON, with a strong effect size (p = 0.001, d = 0.935). In the INT, significantly more items were completed per minute of scenario duration (INT, 1.48 items/min; CON, 1.15 items/min, difference: 0.33/min (25%), p = 0.001), showing a large effect size (d = 1.11). The workflow did not significantly differ between the groups (p = 0.079), although a medium effect size was shown (d = 0.563) with the tendency of the CON group deviating stronger from the ABCDE than the INT.ConclusionChecklists can have positive effects on outcome in the prehospital setting by significantly facilitates adherence to guidelines. Checklist use may be time-effective in the prehospital setting. Checklists based on the ‘ABCDE’ mnemonic can be used according to the ‘do verify’ approach. Team Time Outs are recommended to start and finish checklists.

Preparation and In-vitro Evaluation of Pemigatinib Nanosponges Tablets by Box-Behnken Design

Objective: Pemigatinib depicted antitumor action in complex and metastatic tumors and it’s a hydrophobic compound having strong pH-reliant solubility. The current work was designed to improve oral solubility of pemigatinib by incorporating into nanosponges (NSs). Methods: Box-Behnken Design optimized the independent parameters of polystyrene NSs formation. Polystyrene NSs were prepared by ultrasound-assisted method using diaryl carbonate as cross-linking agent, which were later characterized and formulated into tablets. Tablets got screened for the respective quality attributes. Results: A number of tests were carried out from the test runs generated by a three-factor, three-level BBD. The range of mean PS was 153 to 316 nm, the range for encapsulation efficiency% was 68.2 to 91.4%, and the value for PDI was 0.273 to 0.445. ZP for the finalized formula was determined to be -29.1 mV. The drug and excipients were compatible as confirmed by FTIR studies. SEM study confirmed that pemigatinib has successfully entrapped in interior of the polymer. In-vitro examination of the pemigatinib loaded NSs tablets were compared with a marked product and satisfactory results were obtained (98.74 ± 2.65% vs. 93.73 ± 1.06%). The prepared formulations were stable during 6 month stability study period. Conclusion: The study findings for pemigatinib NS tablets demonstrated quick dissolution since the changed solubility qualities of the drug, satisfying the intended objective of increased absorption. Formulated pemigatinib-loaded NSs can be beneficial in the treatment of cancers

Can Perfusion CT Differentiate GIST from Other Benign Subepithelial Tumors in the Stomach?

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of perfusion computed tomography (PCT) parameters for differentiating gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) from other benign subepithelial tumors (SETs) in the stomach.Materials and Methods: Thirty-one patients with gastric SETs subsequently confirmed via surgery underwent PCT using a multidetector computed tomography (CT) scanner at 80 kVp. Two radiologists analyzed key CT features including homogeneity and degree of enhancement. PCT parameters including blood flow, blood volume, mean transit time, and permeability surface value (PS) were independently calculated by two other radiologists. Comparative analysis of the CT features and perfusion parameters of GISTs and other benign SETs was then performed. Diagnostic performances of the perfusion parameters were also evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: Twenty-four patients were proven to have GISTs via histologic examination, while the remaining non-GISTs included 3 leiomyomas, 3 schwannomas, and 1 totally necrotic nodule. Among the conventional CT features, lymphadenopathy was more frequent in non-GISTs (2/7, 28.6%) than in GISTs (0/24, 0%) (p = 0.045). Among the PCT parameters, the mean PS in the areas of strongest enhancement of GISTs (25.3 ± 23.9 mL/100 g/min) was significantly higher than that of other SETs (8.8 ± 8.8 mL/100 g/min) (p = 0.029). In ROC analysis, an area under the curve of 0.774 (p = 0.03), sensitivity of 91.7%, and specificity of 57.1% were achieved when the PS cut-off was set at 7.17 mL/100 g/min.Conclusions: Perfusion parameters were helpful for differentiating GISTs from other benign SETs, as GISTs exhibited significantly higher PS than non-GISTs.

466-P: Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass and Grip Strength in Relation to the Progression of Carotid Plaque Score in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Sarcopenia is suggested to be associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality in old adults. We investigated longitudinal associations of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and hand grip strength (GS) with carotid plaque score progression (PSP) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A total of 1507 patients with T2D were recruited from January 2018 to June 2020 in the out-patients clinic. Finally, 1187 patients (Mean age = 62.6 ± 9.7 years, BMI=25.1 ± 3.4 kg/m2) completed the follow-up (fu) study. Mean fu duration (fuD) was 3.5±0.9 years. ASM and GS were measured at baseline using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and digital dynamometer. Carotid PS (0 to 12) was measured at baseline and fu (after≥2 years). PSP was defined as PS at fu≥1 point increase compared with one at baseline. Out of 1187 patients, 389 patients (32.8%) had PSP. Mean PS were 2.9 ± 2.8 and 3.4 ± 3.2 at baseline and fu. Patients with PSP were more likely to be old, male, and hypertensive and had higher systolic BP, diabetes duration, intima-medial thickness, and PS, but lower diastolic BP, HDL cholesterol, eGFR, ASM/BMI, and GS than those without PSP. Prevalence of PSP increased progressively with decreasing ASM/BMI and GS terile (Highest vs. Middle vs. Lowest=18.5% vs. 30.8% vs. 49.0% and 18.0% vs. 30.9% vs. 50.1%, p &amp;lt; 0.001). The hazard ratios and 95% CI for PSP after adjusting for age and sex were 1.53 (1.08 - 2.16) and 2.90 (2.06 - 4.08) in the middle and the lowest ASM/BMI tertile groups and 1.50 (1.06 - 2.14) and 2.66 (1.85 - 3.84) in the middle and the lowest GS tertile groups. The association of ASM/BMI and GS with PSP remained significant after further adjusting for multiple potential confounders. This study showed that low baseline ASM/BMI and low GS were longitudinally associated with PSP in patients with T2D regardless of variable metabolic and CV risk factors. Our findings suggest that low muscle mass and strength may be predicting factors for PSP. Disclosure J.Shin: None.

Temporal Evolution of Perihematomal Blood-Brain Barrier Compromise and Edema Growth After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the temporal evolution of perihematomal blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise and edema growth and to determine the role of BBB compromise in edema growth.MethodsSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients who underwent computed tomography perfusion (CTP) were divided into five groups according to the time interval from symptom onset to CTP examination. Permeability-surface area product (PS) maps were generated using CTP source images. Ipsilateral and contralateral mean PS values were computed in the perihematomal and contralateral mirror regions. The relative PS (rPS) value was calculated as a ratio of ipsilateral to contralateral PS value. Hematoma and perihematomal edema volume were determined on non-contrast CT images.ResultsIn the total of 101 intracerebral hemorrhage patients, the ipsilateral mean PS value was significantly higher than that in contralateral region (z = −8.284, p < 0.001). The perihematomal BBB permeability showed a course of dynamic changes including an increase in the hyperacute and acute phases, a decrease in the early subacute phase and a second increase in the late subacute phase and chronic phase. Perihematomal edema increased gradually until the late subacute phase and then slightly increased. There was a relationship between rPS value and edema volume (β = 0.254, p = 0.006).ConclusionThe perihematomal BBB permeability is dynamic changes, and edema growth is gradually increased in patients following intracerebral hemorrhage. BBB compromise plays an essential role in edema growth. The quantitative assessment of BBB compromise may provide valuable information in therapeutic interventions of intracerebral hemorrhage patients.

Introducing helmet non-invasive ventilation during COVID-19 pandemic: Early experience of two centres.

The helmet is a novel interface for delivering non-invasive ventilation (NIV). We conducted a case series to characterize introduction of the helmet interface in both COVID and non-COVID patients at two-centres. We enrolled all patients with respiratory failure admitted to the Juravinski Hospital (Hamilton, Canada) and St. Joseph's Health Center (Syracuse, New York) between November 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021 who used the helmet interface (Intersurgical StarMed) as part of this introduction into clinical practice. We collected patient demographics, reason for respiratory failure, NIV settings, device-related complications and outcomes. We report respiratory therapist's initial experiences with the helmet using descriptive results. We included 16 patients with a mean age of 64.3 ± 10.9 years. The most common etiology for respiratory failure was pneumonia (81.3%). The median duration of NIV during the ICU admission was 67.5 (15.3, 80.8) hours, with a mean maximum PS of 13.9 ± 6.6 cm H2O and a mean maximum PEEP of 10.4 ± 5.1 cm H20. Three patients (18.7%) did not tolerate the helmet. Ten (62.5%) patients ultimately required intubation, and 7 (43.4%) patients died while in the ICU. The most common reason for intubation was worsening hypoxia (70%). No adverse events related to the helmet were recorded. Over the 8-month period of this study, we found that the helmet was well tolerated in over 80% of patients, although, more than half ultimately required intubation. Randomized controlled trials with this device are required to fully assess the efficacy of this interface.

DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF ASTRAGALIN-LOADED POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES USING CENTRAL COMPOSITE FACTORIAL DESIGN

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop and optimize Astragalin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (AST-NPs) using a central composite factorial design (CCD). Methods: AST-NPs were prepared by the dialysis method. CCD was employed to study the influence of formulation factors, polymer concentration, aqueous organic phase ratio, and process parameter stirring time on dependent physicochemical characteristics, particle size, zeta potential, and percentage entrapment efficiency (%EE) of the drugs. The optimized formulation was evaluated for in vitro release studies and subjected to stability studies. Results: Polymer concentration and process parameters were optimized to produce nanoparticles with desired parameters. The prepared NPs were characterized by Fourier transmission infrared (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), drug loading, entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, and in vitro studies. FT-IR and DSC studies indicated that there was no interaction between the drug and polymer. The optimized NPs exhibits stability. Optimized NPs exhibited spherical and porous surfaces with a mean PS of 118 nm, the zeta potential of-25 mV, and %EE of 89%. Conclusion: Astragalin-loaded nanoparticles prepared with optimized formulation composition and process parameters.

A Novel Delivery System of RGD-HSA Loaded GEM/CUR Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Therapy.

IntroductionPancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and is characterized by high malignancy, occult incidence and poor prognosis. Traditional chemotherapy drugs have limited efficacy and strong side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a better treatment of the malignancy.MethodsThe prepared arginine glycine peptide (RGD)-human serum albumin (HSA)-Gemcitabine (GEM)/Curcumin (CUR) nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized for physicochemical properties, stability and in vitro release. Comparisons of HSA-GEM/CUR NPs and RGD-HSA-GEM/CUR NPs regarding tissue distributions and pharmacodynamics were also carried out using mice as the animal models.ResultsTransmission electron micrographs showed that RGD peptide-conjugated HSA-NPs had an irregular surface, good dispersion (PDI=0.139±0.03) and a uniform size distribution (Mean PS=115.6±5.7 nm). The ζ-potential was −17.3 mV. As regards in vitro release, non RGD modified NPs showed a faster release rate in 24 hours, yielding a release amount of 75% for GEM and 72% for CUR. RGD-HSA-GEM/CUR NPs exhibited 67% of accumulated release of GEM (63% for CUR) in 24 hours. This may be due to the HSA chain covering the surface of NPs, which hindered the drug release. The cytotoxicity of GEM/CUR co-loaded NPs was significantly higher than that of single-drug NPs (P < 0.05). In vivo study results indicated that RGD-HSA-GEM/CUR NPs had notable targeting effect on subcutaneous tumors, with a potential to actively deliver drugs to tumor tissues.ConclusionIn this study, we prepared RGD-HSA-GEM/CUR NPs that had both good water solubility and tumor-targeting property. The results also showed that the RGD modified NPs had advantages in increasing GEM/CUR concentration at tumor sites and reducing its distribution in peripheral organs.

Monodispersed ZnO nanoink and ultra-smooth large-area ZnO films for high performance and stable organic solar cells

In the organic solar cells (OSCs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been widely used to fabricate electron transporting layer (ETL). However, spontaneous aggregation of NPs and film surface defects are two issues that limit the application of ZnO NPs in the printed photovoltaics. To simultaneously solve the two problems, the ZnO nanoinks were modified with a 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) acetic acid (MEA) solution, in which a monodispersed nanoink was obtained, and no aggregation occurred after 18 months of storage at room temperature. Meanwhile, the ZnO:MEA ETL had fewer surface hydroxyl groups defects because of Lewis acid-base interactions. The monodispersibility and passivated surface defects ensured an ultra-smooth ZnO film, leading to an improved device performance, longer lifetime, and higher thickness tolerance. As a result, an efficiency of 15.84% was achieved for the 1 cm2 PM6:Y6 ZnO:MEA ETL-based OSCs, and the T 80 lifetime was also increased to 6600 h. The thickness of ZnO:MEA ETL could be increased to 225 nm with less performance degradation. ZnO:MEA NPs were dispersed well in alcohols with high boiling points, which ensured a high-quality slot-die coated film. The ZnO:MEA ETL also has a unique advantage in flexible organic OSCs, with enhanced bending resistance during 10000 times bending. These properties demonstrated the great potential of ZnO:MEA nanoinks in the printed electronics.

RESVERATROL-HUMIC ACID LOADED COLLOIDAL POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES: DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION

Objective: The study aims at fabrication and optimization of co-encapsulated resveratrol and humic acid in colloidal polymeric nanocarriers to improves the stability of insoluble antioxidant, resveratrol.&#x0D; Methods: The Eudragit E100 polymeric material was used to fabricate oral co-encapsulation of resveratrol and humic acid in colloidal polymeric nanocarriers, called Res-HA-co-CPNs by an emulsification-diffusion-evaporation method. Taguchi orthogonal array design was employed to check the effect of formulation factors on in vitro physicochemical characteristics. The optimized formulation was further evaluated for stability studies at different conditions.&#x0D; Results: Optimized Res-HA-co-CPNs demonstrated spherical and smooth surface including mean PS 120.56±18.8 nm, PDI 0.122, ZP+38.25mV, and EE 82.37±1.49%. Solid-state characterizations confirmed that optimized Res-HA-co-CPNs showed amorphous characteristics. In vitro release profile of Res-HA-co-CPNs showed an outstanding sustained release behavior up to 48h and remain stable at the refrigerated condition for 6 mo.&#x0D; Conclusion: Res-HA-co-CPNs would be a proficient and promising dosage form for increasing the stability of insoluble antioxidants, resveratrol.

Preparation, Characterization and in vitro/in vivo Evaluation of Lovastatin-Loaded PLGA Microspheres by Local Administration for Femoral Head Necrosis.

BackgroundThe present work is an effort to develop a novel locally injection LVTT-loaded PLGA microspheres (LVTT-PLGA-MS) on the treatment of rabbits with femoral head necrosis (FHN).MethodsLVTT-loaded PLGA microspheres (LVTT-PLGA MS) were prepared by an emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The physicochemical properties of LVTT-PLGA-MS were investigated to ensure that they have good qualities and are suitable for local delivery. In vitro drug release behavior of MS was also studied compared with free LVTT. In vivo, we also studied the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of MS in rabbits with the optimized formulation.ResultsIn this study, we used the emulsion-solvent evaporation method to prepare LVTT-PLGA MS. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the LVTT-PLGA MS were regular, round in shape and relatively unified size distributions were selected. The mean PS was 12.3±2.1 µm. The drug-loading rate (27.6% ± 2.9%) was calculated for three batches of MS. The thermogram of LVTT-PLGA MS showed an endothermic peak at 98.3°C, revealing that LVTT existed in MS in an uncrystallized rather than a crystallized form. In the release study, LVTT-PLGA MS is observed linear prolonging drug release rates for more than 21 days without initial burst release. The pharmacodynamic results confirmed that the LVTT-PLGA MS had a good and lasting improvement effect against femoral head necrosis.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that LVTT-PLGA MS has the potential for being a local delivery system.

SF-36 is a fast and easy way of assessing quality of life and correlates with exercise capacity in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is associated with improvement of quality of life (QOL) and exercice capacity (EC). Less is known on how EC interplays with QOL. To analyse the correlation between the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and EC. We used both dimensions (physical score, PS, and emotional score, ES) of the french validated version of the SF-36 to assess QOL before and after 8 weeks of CR in all patients admitted between January and Mars 2019, in a single ambulatory CR center. Clinical, biological and echocardiographic datas were retrospectively analysed as well as exercice capacity on stress test: performance in Watts and METs, 6 minutes walking test (6-MWT in meters) and aerobic capacity (VO2 in mL/min/kg). A total of 129 patients were included (see Table 1 ). Using a dedicated excel file, assessment of SF-36 was fast (less than 1 minute). According to t -test, both EC and QOL improved after CR: the mean EC, PS and ES respectively raised from 113 ± 32 to 134 ± 42 Watts ( P < 10 −41 ), 55 ± 21% to 68 ± 21% ( P < 10 −11 ) and 62 ± 23% to 72 ± 18% ( P < 10 −11 ). After Pearson correlation testing, PS and ES did correlate with each other ( r = 0.7, P < 10 −33 ). Physical score correlated with EC in Watts ( r = 0.34, P < 10 −7 , Fig. 1 ), METs ( r = 0.33, P < 10 −6 ), 6-MWT ( r = 0.33, P < 10 −3 ), VO2max ( r = 0.28, P = 0.006), effort duration in minutes ( r = 0.31, P < 10 −5 ) and also with male sex ( r = 0.14, P = 0.32), but not with age, LVEF, anaerobic threshold, hemoglobine and natriuretic peptides. Emotional score correlated with EC in Watts ( r = 0.20, P = 0.003), METs ( r = 0.20, p.004), VO2max ( r = 0.26, P = 0.01) and effort duration in minutes ( r = 0.22, P = 0.001). SF-36 is a fast, validated and easy way of assessing global QOL in patient undergoing ambulatory CR, and is positively correlated with exercise capacity and male sex, but not age and LVEF. Its use should be systematic to evaluate efficacy of a CR program on improving QOL.

Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Eupatorium capillifolium&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Lam. dogfennel)

Abstract. In vegetated landscapes, rain must pass through plant canopies and litter to enter soils. As a result, some rainwater is returned to the atmosphere (i.e., interception, I) and the remainder is partitioned into a canopy (and gap) drip flux (i.e., throughfall) or drained down the stem (i.e., stemflow). Current theoretical and numerical modeling frameworks for this process are almost exclusively based on data from woody overstory plants. However, herbaceous plants often populate the understory and are the primary cover for important ecosystems (e.g., grasslands and croplands). This study investigates how overstory throughfall (PT,o) is partitioned into understory I, throughfall (PT) and stemflow (PS) by a dominant forb in disturbed urban forests (as well as grasslands and pasturelands), Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam., dogfennel). Dogfennel density at the site was 56 770 stems ha−1, enabling water storage capacities for leaves and stems of 0.90±0.04 and 0.43±0.02 mm, respectively. As direct measurement of PT,o (using methods such as tipping buckets or bottles) would remove PT,o or disturb the understory partitioning of PT,o, overstory throughfall was modeled (PT,o′) using on-site observations of PT,o from a previous field campaign. Relying on modeled PT,o′, rather than on observations of PT,o directly above individual plants means that significant uncertainty remains with respect to (i) small-scale relative values of PT and PS and (ii) factors driving PS variability among individual dogfennel plants. Indeed, PS data from individual plants were highly skewed, where the mean PS:PT,o′ per plant was 36.8 %, but the median was 7.6 % (2.8 %–27.2 % interquartile range) and the total over the study period was 7.9 %. PS variability (n=30 plants) was high (CV &gt; 200 %) and may hypothetically be explained by fine-scale spatiotemporal patterns in actual overstory throughfall (as no plant structural factors explained the variability). The total PT:PT,o′ was 71 % (median PT:PT,o′ per gauge was 72 %, with a 59 %–91 % interquartile range). Occult precipitation (mixed dew and light rain events) occurred during the study period, revealing that dogfennel can capture and drain dew to their stem base as PS. Dew-induced PS may help explain dogfennel's improved invasion efficacy during droughts (as it tends to be one of the most problematic weeds in the improved grazing systems in the southeastern US). Overall, dogfennel's precipitation partitioning differed markedly from the site's overstory trees (Pinus palustris), and a discussion of the limited literature suggests that these differences may exist across vegetated ecosystems. Thus, more research on herbaceous plant canopy interactions with precipitation is merited.

Toward pollen sterility in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)–Conventional breeding approaches of cytoplasmic/genic male sterility and chemical emasculation

AbstractPollen sterility (PS) in mother lines is crucial for hybrid crossings in plant breeding. 21 di‐ (2x) and tetraploid (4x) accessions of the hermaphroditic chamomile were screened for spontaneous, thermic or gametocide induced PS. Two crossing trials with the diploid accessions 'Bona' (BON) and 'Hungary 2' (HUN2) should specify maternally inherited cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Progeny thereof showed increased PS. BON as mother (BH) entailed means of 30 and 22% PS, versus 8% and 20% after reciprocal crossings. Backcrosses of BH with HUN2 in paternal and maternal direction revealed increasing mean PS (24% and 32%), without verification of CMS. A split plot design of 100 individuals treated with four chemical gametocides analyzed PS, seed set, germination rate and whole plant damage. Tri‐iodobenzoic acid caused the highest PS (43%). Progeny of two plants (2x, 4x) with degenerated anthers without pollen, showed 100% PS either in tetraploid F1 and F2 (4% and 11%) or in diploid F2 and F3 (26% and 23%). High temperature (30/28°C day/night) decreased the male fertility to some extent.

Curcumin-loaded proniosomal gel as a biofreindly alternative for treatment of ocular inflammation: In-vitro and in-vivo assessment.

Ocular inflammation is a natural defensive phenomenon, but, it results in discomfort in the eye; as well as makes the eye vulnerable to other diseases. The aim of this work is to investigate that Curcumin (CUR) could be an effective safer biofreindly alternative for treatment of ocular inflammation. Complete in-vitro characterization of proniosomal gel loading-CUR using different surfactants was studied. A comparative in-vivo evaluation of selected formulation to a marketed corticosteroid drops in induced-eye inflammation model in rabbits was assessed. The selected formulation (FCr 300) composed of Cremophore RH surfactant, lecithin and cholesterol (9:9:1) loading CUR (1.2% w/w). The formulation showed mean PS(212.0±0.1)nm, PDI (0.3±0.1) , ZP(-5.1±0.2)mV and % EE (96.0±0.1). TEM showed multilamellar circular shaped niosomes with smooth surface. SEM showed ruptured vesicles for the lyophilized formula. Selected proniosomal gel showed enhanced permeability 3.22-fold and 1.76-fold higher than CUR dispersion and its lyophilized form respectively. Both proniosomal gel (FCr300) and corticosteroid drops reduced the induced inflammatory signs effectively by 40% on day-one and complete recovery on day-four. This anti-inflammatory result was confirmed by histopathological analysis after treatment. Assessment of cumulative IOP as a predicted side effect verified the goal of this work. In conclusion, the use of CUR as a natural biofreindly alternative to the current chemical conventional ocular anti-inflammatory treatment protocols is comparable as an anti-inflammatory drug with much less side effects.

GENERALIZED SYNTHETIC ESTIMATOR FOR DOMAIN MEAN IN TWO PHASE SAMPLING USING SINGLE AUXILIARY CHARACTER

In this paper, we have proposed a two phase sampling estimator for domain mean using auxiliary character with unknown X a domain mean. Also discussed properties of the proposed estimator for domain mean ps a T ,γ , using auxiliary character. Simulation study of the proposed estimator ps a T ,γ , has been made with conventional ratio synthetic estimator for domain mean ps a T ,−1, using auxiliary character in terms of simulated relative standard error (SRSE) and absolute relative bias (ARB). Simulation study shows that under synthetic assumption proposed estimator is more efficient than conventional ratio synthetic estimator for domain mean using auxiliary character.

Measurement Reliability of Laryngeal Resistance and Mean Flow Rate in Pediatric Subjects

Mean flow rate (MFR) and laryngeal resistance (RL) are sensitive to changes in glottal configuration and biomechanics. There is little reported on aerodynamic parameters in children. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate MFR and RL measurement reliability in a pediatric population using labial and mechanical interruption methods. Thirty-nine subjects aged 4-17 performed 10 trials per method. For labial interruptions, subjects produced five labial plosives at a comfortable amplitude. For mechanical interruptions, subjects maintained a steady /α/ while a balloon valve interrupted their airflow five times for 250 milliseconds each. MFR was measured as the flow through the interruption device between interruptions. RL was calculated by dividing subglottal pressure (Ps) by MFR. The primary outcome measures of this study were the coefficients of variation of MFR and RL. Paired t tests were used to compare each variable between the two methods. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the relationship between each parameter and subject age. Mean PS (t(38) = 2.966, P < 0.01) and RL (t(38)=3.563, P < 0.01) were higher for labial interruptions while mean MFR (t(38) = -2.036, P < 0.05) was lower. Intrasubject coefficients of variation were higher for the labial technique for both MFR (t(38) = 4.939, P < 0.001) and RL (t(38) = 3.439, P < 0.01) while there was no difference in PS variability (P = 0.260). Mean MFR and RL were related to age for both the labial (MFR: r = 0.588, P < 0.001; RL: r = -0.468, p = 0.003) and mechanical trials (MFR: r = 0.534, P < 0.001; RL: r = -0.496, P = 0.001). The coefficients of variation for RL were negatively correlated with age for both labial (r = -0.415, P = 0.009) and mechanical trials (r = -0.471, P = 0.002). MFR was only correlated in the labial trials (r = -0.514, P = 0.001) and PS was only correlated in the mechanical trials (r = -0.519, P = 0.001). Differences in means and intrasubject variation are likely due to differences in task and measurement timing. Precision of MFR and RL measurement in pediatric subjects was higher for mechanical interruption; further exploration of this method and its clinical utility is warranted. Measurement of aerodynamic parameters may be a useful addition to pediatric voice assessment.

Abstract TP439: Temporal Evolution of Blood-brain Barrier Permeability After Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A CT Perfusion Study

Introduction: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, potentially contributing to hematoma expansion, edema development and exacerbation of brain injury. Though we know BBB permeability with time after the onset of ICH, little is about the temporal evolution of BBB permeability in humans after ICH. A more detailed understanding the timeline of BBB permeability change after ICH would be important for guiding future ICH treatments. Hypothesis: We want to test the hypothesis there is two increase in BBB permeability in ICH patients. Methods: Patients with ICH were divided into five groups based on the period between ICH onset and computed tomography perfusion (CTP) assessed, which are hyperacute (&lt;24 hours), acute (1~3 days), early subacute (3~7 days), late subacute (7~14 days) and chronic (&gt;14 days) groups. Maps of BBB permeability-surface area product (PS), a measure of extravascular contrast leakage rate, were calculated from CTP source images. Mean PS was measured in regions of interest defining the hematoma, a 1cm radial peri-hematoma region,in both ICH and contralateral non-ICH hemispheres. Results: PS maps were generated in 61 patients (17 female, mean age 53 years old). The median (interquartile range) PS in ICH hemisphere of 31 patients underwent CTP in hyperacute phase is 1.4 (5.3), 8 patients in acute phase is 1.6 (3.2), 11 patients in early subacute phase is 1.2 (0.8), 8 patients in late subacute phase is 0.7 (1.2), and 3 patients in chronic phase is 0.9. The BBB permeability has an early increase in hyperacute phase, is followed by a decrease period in acute and subacute phases, and a delayed second increase in chronic phase. The permeability pattern is similar in non-ICH hemisphere; however, the second increase in permeability was from late subacute phase. Discussions: In conclusion, acute ICH patients have a generalized increase in BBB permeability, which affects the entire brain diffusely. The BBB permeability is not continually elevated but follows a triphasic course in ICH patients.

Measurement reliability of phonation threshold pressure in pediatric subjects.

Phonation threshold pressure (PTP), the minimum subglottal pressure (Ps ) required for phonation, is sensitive to changes in laryngeal biomechanics and is often elevated with pathology. Little is reported on PTP in children; challenges with task performance and measurement reliability represent barriers to routine clinical assessment. Pilot study evaluating PTP and Ps measurement reliability in children using labial and mechanical interruption. Twenty-two subjects aged 4 to 17 years (10.7 ± 3.9 years) participated. Ten trials were performed for each method; task order was randomized. For labial interruption, subjects produced /pα/ five times at softest (onset PTP) and comfortable amplitude. For mechanical interruption, subjects produced a sustained /α/ while a balloon valve interrupted phonation five times for 250 ms each; mechanical interruption was performed with a mouthpiece and mask. PTP was recorded as the difference between Ps and supraglottal pressure at phonation cessation (offset PTP). Mean PTP and Ps and intrasubject coefficients of variation were compared. Correlations with age were evaluated. Mean PTP (P < .001) and Ps (P = .005) were higher for labial interruption. Intrasubject coefficients of variation for PTP (P = .554) and Ps (P = .305) were similar across methods. Coefficient of variation was related to age for mechanical-mask trials only (r = -0.628, P = .00175). Differences in means are likely related to differences in task and PTP hysteresis effect. Reliability is comparable with all methods; using a mouthpiece may be preferable to a mask for mechanical interruption. Measurement of PTP is noninvasive, reliable, and may be a useful adjunct in pediatric voice assessment. 3b Laryngoscope, 129:1520-1526, 2019.