Post-test Mean Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Team Games Tournament Method on Students’ Vocabulary Mastery in Junior High School

The aim of this research method is to examine whether the implementation of the Team Games Tournament method influences students’ vocabulary mastery when describing extracurricular activities. Many students in areas that rarely use English as a second language find it difficult to master English. The problem that often occurs is the lack of motivation when students want to develop their English skills. The researcher collected data from 2 class VII students at SMP Islam Kunir. The subject of this research was the VII class; VII-A and VII-C had 27 students, and VII-B had 28 students. This research conducted quantitative method with quasi- experimental design . The data were collected using a vocabulary test. The mean of pre-test and post-test on control group are 51.43 and 71.25. While, The mean of pre-test and post-test on experimental gropu are 63.42 and 82.96. The significance of the T-test result is (0,000), which means it is lower than (0,005). That means the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. Based on the data results, the researcher found that the team game tournament method can improve students’ vocabulary mastery. This research only used one game, Describe and Mention. Many games can be used in the TGT method. The researcher hoped that future studies would use another game to understand the effect of the TGT method on vocabulary more comprehensively. Also, the researcher hoped that future studies would investigate other contexts, such as speaking, reading, writing, and listening.

An Experimental Study on the Impact of Collaborative and Active Learning on Vocational Students' Learning Achievement and Self-Motivation

The study examines a blended instructional approach combining collaborative and active learning to improve vocational students' learning achievement and self-motivation. An experimental design was utilized, dividing vocational students into control and experiment groups. The experiment group participated in a one-month collaborative and active learning intervention, while the control group received traditional instruction. The experiment group achieved significant gains in academic achievement, with pre-test and post-test means rising from 79.63 to 86.15 (t=19.72, p<0.05) and self-motivation scores increasing from 37.82 to 42.74 (t=19.71, p<0.05). In contrast, the control group exhibited lower post-test scores in both academic achievement (mean=80.16, t=3.67, p<0.05) and self-motivation (mean=38.4, t=5.31, p<0.05). These results indicate that integrating collaborative and active learning strategies significantly impacts learning achievement and self-motivation in vocational education. This suggests that this instructional approach is highly effective in improving student outcomes.

Improving uptake of COVID-19 testing and vaccination in a homeless population: mixed-methods evaluation of community health worker-led education in a shelter

ObjectivesAccess to healthcare and accurate health information is a persistent issue for people experiencing homelessness (PEH), one heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic and exacerbated by issues of health literacy and...

Evaluation Of Biology Teachers' Knowledge in Sidoarjo Regarding the Concept of Poliovirus and Wolbachia Infected Mosquitoes

Biology is a dynamic and constantly developing science. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia reported nine cases of childhood polio in East Java in January 2024. In addition, the Ministry of Health launched a pilot project to implement Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes as an innovation to control dengue fever in five big cities in Indonesia. This health problem is studied in biology lessons on viruses in senior high school. This paper aims to analyze the knowledge of the concepts of polioviruses and Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes in the biology teacher community in Sidoarjo. The respondents were 43 biology teachers in Sidoarjo. Respondents' prior knowledge was measured by pretest. After the respondent takes the pretest, the respondent gets the concept of the virus. After the material, respondents do a post-test. 11 pretest questions and 11 post-test questions are packaged in Google form. The results showed that all participants participated in the activity from start to finish, taking the pretest, listening to the material, and doing the post-test. The pretest mean score was 40.18, and the post-test mean score was 91.36. The highest pretest score was 81.81. The highest pretest score was 100. A total of 15 teachers (34.88%) were unsure that Wolbachia-infected mosquito was the best solution to reduce disease. Twenty-one respondents (48.83%) agreed mainly with society's concern that the Wolbachia-infected mosquito is dangerous for humans. Respondents' knowledge increased after receiving the concept of the virus

Carousel Brainstorming – An Innovative Small Group Teaching Method to Augment Anatomical Knowledge of MBBS Students

Introduction: This study investigated the impact of Carousel Brainstorming, a collaborative and interactive teaching method, on student learning in anatomy education. Emphasizing active participation and knowledge exchange, Carousel Brainstorming aims to enhance critical thinking, teamwork, and the comprehension of complex medical concepts. The research addresses the need for objective measures in real-world settings and explores the effectiveness of Carousel Brainstorming compared to traditional Tutorials. Methodology: Phase-1 MBBS students (n=100) in the academic year 2023-2024 participated in the study through simple randomization. The research spanned four months, and after a didactic lecture on Mammary Gland, students were divided into two groups: Group A (Tutorials) and Group B (Carousel Brainstorming). The latter engaged in a structured session involving pretests, subgroups, and rotating discussions. Post-tests were administered, and a questionnaire assessed students' perceptions. Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in pre-test, post-test, and difference scores between Carousel Brainstorming and Tutorials groups (p < 0.001). Carousel Brainstorming exhibited higher post-test mean scores (7.6) compared to Tutorials (5.0). Students strongly agreed (56.8%) that Carousel Brainstorming was effective. Conclusion: Carousel Brainstorming emerges as a well-received and beneficial teaching method in anatomy education. Its collaborative and interactive nature positively influences knowledge acquisition and retention, fostering active learning. Future research may explore long-term impacts and diverse applications of Carousel Brainstorming in educational settings, offering a promising avenue for innovative pedagogy. KEYWORDS: Carousel Brainstorming, Anatomy education, Teaching-learning methods, Student perception, Learning gains.

EFFECT OF MULTIMODAL LITERACY ON READING ABILITY OF INDONESIAN JAVANESE LEARNERS

Over the past few years, the use of multimodal literacy in education has emerged as an effective educational tool in language instruction worldwide. As a result, language instruction methods have been replaced by conventional instruction with multimodal literacy, which has the potential to enhance learners’ engagement and comprehension of reading, particularly Javanese script. This quasi-experimental study aims to determine the effect of using multimodal literacy on reading ability of Javanese script learners and to find out Javanese learners’ attitudes of using multimodal literacy on their reading ability. The sample included 72 language learners at a senior high school in central Java, Indonesia. The pretest and posttest mean scores in Javanese script reading ability between the control group and the experimental group were analysed. The results indicate that the use of multimodal literacy as an approach effectively enhances the ability and fluency of Javanese script reading in underperforming learners. Additionally, learners reported positive attitudes towards multimodal literacy. This study suggests that multimodal literacy may be integrated into the Javanese language curriculum as it is more relevant to students’ learning preferences, and it is more responsive to diverse learning modes.

"Family Connections", a program for relatives of people with borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial.

Family members of people with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) often experience high levels of psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, or burden. Family Connections (FC) is a pioneer program designed for relatives of people with BPD, and it is the most empirically supported treatment thus far. The aim of this study was to carry out a randomized clinical trial to confirm the differential efficacy of FC versus an active treatment as usual (TAU) in relatives of people with BPD in a Spanish population sample. The sample consisted of 121 family members (82 family units) and a total of 82 patients who participated in a two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT). The primary outcome was burden of illness. Secondary outcomes were depression, anxiety, stress, family empowerment, and quality of life. This is the first study to evaluate relatives and patients in an RCT design comparing two active treatment conditions of similar durations. Although no statistically significant differences were found between conditions. However, the adjusted posttest means for FC were systematically better than for TAU, and the effect sizes were larger in burden, stress, depression, family functioning, and quality of life in the FC intervention. Patients of caregivers who received the FC condition showed statistically significant improvements in stress, depression, and anxiety. Results indicated that FC helped both patients and relatives pointing to the importance of involving families of patients with severe psychological disorders.

Students’ Evaluation of The Academic Performance Through Interactive Multimedia Integration in A State College

This study, conducted at a Polytechnic State College in Camarines Sur, evaluates the effectiveness of interactive multimedia integration in enhancing students’ academic performance. This study employed a quantitative method using a quasi-experimental design. It evolves pilot testing with pre-tests and post-tests for two sections of BS Nursing students. Section A (control group) consisted of 51 students, while Section B (experimental group) had 47 students. Statistical tools, including independent sample t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA), were used to analyze and interpret the data. The results revealed that the experimental group had a post-test mean score of 68.51, compared to the control group's 55.85. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant improvement in post-test scores for both groups, with the experimental group showing a greater mean difference of -16.29, indicating enhanced learning gains. Correlational analysis showed no significant relationship between pre-and post-test scores in Pair 1 (experimental group, r = 0.032, p = 0.822). In contrast, Pair 2 (control group) exhibited a statistically significant but weak negative correlation (r = -0.309, p = 0.035). Despite these differences, both groups demonstrated above-average performance before and after the intervention. The findings suggest that integrating multimedia technologies fosters an interactive and engaging learning environment, leading to a statistically significant improvement in academic performance. This highlights the potential of multimedia as a valuable tool for enhancing the quality and effectiveness of instruction in classroom settings.

MATH DRILL TO IMPROVE THE COMPUTATIONAL FLUENCY OF GRADE 9 STUDENTS IN ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF INTEGERS NUMBERS

The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of the Olympic Integer intervention on the computational fluency of students in adding and subtracting integers. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the significant difference between the pretest and post-test scores of the students. A pre-experimental research design was utilized to measure the effect of the intervention. Data were gather from 30 Grade 9 students at Doña Carmen Soriano National High School, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was done through pretest and post-test administration. Findings revealed a substantial difference in the scores before and after the intervention. The mean pretest score was 9.90 (Moderate), while the mean post-test score was 17.70 (Very High). The paired t-test results indicated a significant improvement in students' scores from the pretest to the post-test, with t (29) = -15.144, p < .001. This substantial difference suggests a strong effect of the intervention on students' ability to add and subtract integers, indicating a highly significant and positive impact on their computational fluency. KEYWORDS: Intervention, Computational Fluency, Olympic Integers, Pre-experimental Design, Integer Operation, Philippines

EFFECTIVENESS OF POSITIVE REMINISCENCE GROUP THERAPY ON DEPRESSION, SELF-ESTEEM AND LONELINESS AMONG ELDERS

Background of the studyThe increase in the relative and absolute number of older people in our society has posed a major challenge for both individual and collective levels in the study of aging. It had appeared various contributions, at the individual level, extending the biological perspective of disease and disability with a more positive and comprehensive one, covering the social and behavioral sciences to reduce the risk of adverse events and improve the resilience of the seniors and make changes in their immediate surroundings.At the population level, aging is seen as a challenge that involves, in addition, challenges such as the double burden of disease, increased risk of disability, having to provide adequate care for the aging population, addressing inequalities, economic challenges, and having a different view of aging and old age.Methodology:The study method included quantitative research, Quasi experimental design where Pre and post-test with equivalent control group design, a population comprises all elderly people residing in the selected old age homes, 400 samples chosen for the study, and a purposive sampling methodology was utilized for the study. Three tools were used to evaluate depression, loneliness and self-esteem among elders. Before data collection, the tool was tested and certified by seven professionals. Permission was taken from concern old age homes and consent was taken from elders. Elderly were asked to rate items against depression, self-esteem and loneliness questions followed by positive reminiscencegroup therapy went on for a month and post was conducted after one month. ResultsElderly from experimental group in depression score pretest 14.45 and posttestmean 9.58 and mean difference was 3.304. The obtained t- test value was 21.576 which shows statistical significance at p<0.05. in self esteem score pretest 22.6 and posttest mean 30.26 and mean difference was 7.66. The obtained t- test value was 28.247 which shows statistical significance at p<0.05. in loneliness score pretest 30.73 and posttest mean 20.86 and mean difference was 9.87. The obtained t- test value was 24.717which shows statistical significance at p<0.05.In experimental group, in depression in post test maximum were 110 (55) mild depression, in self esteem maximum 164 (52) moderate self esteem, in loneliness maximum were 105 (52.5) moderate loneliness. In correlation there is weak positive correlation found between depression and self-esteem, Strong Positive correlation found between depression and loneliness and similarly Very strong positive correlation found between self-esteem and Loneliness. ConclusionReminiscence group therapy is an effective therapy for reduction of depression and loneliness and elevation of self-esteem in elderly. Further research and an improvement in methodological quality, such as using qualitative and mixed methods approaches, is recommended to help establish an evidence base and provide better understanding of the effectiveness of group reminiscence therapynical ventilation period of the patients hospitalized in the ICU had a positive effect on physiological responses..

Improving ecological footprint awareness of primary school students

The aim of this study is to improve primary school students' ecological footprint awareness through ecological footprint-based activities. The research was conducted in accordance with the quantitative research method and a quasi-experimental design with pre-post test experimental-control group was used in the research. The criterion sampling method was used to determine the study group for the experimental process, and 26 students (N experimental=13; N control=13) studying in the fourth grade of a public school in the Central Anatolia Region were included in the study. In the study, the Ecological Footprint Awareness Scale was applied as pretest-posttest. The process took place in science classes in both groups. While the courses were curriculum-based in the control group, ecological footprint-based activities were organized in the experimental group. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and dependent groups t-test, and the effect size ([ή2]) was calculated according to the variances. As a result of the research, when the ecological footprint awareness pre-test mean scores of primary school students were controlled, it was concluded that there was a significant difference between the ecological footprint awareness post-test mean scores of primary school students in which the activity process took place, and the ecological footprint awareness post-test mean scores of primary school students in which the activities did not take place. It was evaluated that 45% of the variance related to the post-test mean scores was due to the activity process applied. While teaching courses with ecological footprint-based activities applied in the experimental group significantly increased the mean scores of primary school students' ecological footprint awareness with a medium effect, teaching curriculum-based courses did not significantly increase the mean scores of primary school students' ecological footprint awareness attitude. It should be considered important to present topics such as ecological footprint, carbon footprint or water footprint calculations to students depending on the concept of sustainability to be integrated into primary school curriculum programs and to focus on in-class and out-of-class activities.

Effectiveness Of Yoga Therapy For Relief Of Dysmenorrhoea Among Adolescents Of A Selected High School In Mangalore

Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. These are the formative years when maximum amount of physical, psychological and behavioural changes takes place1 . The adolescent years constitute a period when girls are vulnerable to the development of menstrual dysfunctions. The common menstrual cycle problems are dysmenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, pre-menstrual syndrome and irregular menstruation. Dysmenorrhoea is by far the most common and addressed complaint2 . The management of dysmenorrhoea is multifaceted and depends on the severity of the problem. It is necessary that the adolescents be educated regarding alternatives for alleviating menstrual discomfort3 . Yoga is one of the simple, cost effective and natural method. Yoga, by its nature is easier for children to learn than adults because their bodies are closer to the natural stage. Hence the researcher felt the need to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga therapy for the relief of dysmenorrhoea among adolescents of selected high schools in Mangalore. Objectives: • To determine the severity of dysmenorrhoea among adolescents in the experimental and control group as measured by dysmenorrhoea assessment scale. • To evaluate the effectiveness of Yoga therapy in the experimental group • To compare the severity of dysmenorrhoea between experimental and control group. Methodology: An evaluative research approach with quasi-experimental design was used for the study. The study was carried out in a selected high school at Mangalore after obtaining written permission from the school authorities. The sample comprised of 40 adolescents in the age group of 12 to 16 years selected by purposive sampling technique. Pre-test data was conducted by administering dysmenorrhoea assessment scale to both the experimental and control group. The second day onwards yoga therapy was taught to the experimental group 45 minutes a day, five days a week, for four weeks prior to the next menstruation. Post-test was conducted after their next menstruation in both groups using same dysmenorrhea assessment scale. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results showed that majority of sample in the experimental group (55%) and in control group (65%) had 4 – 5 days of menstruation. In the experimental group most (95%) of the sample in the pre-test had moderate pain and 5% had severe pain whereas, in the post-test 80% of sample had mild pain and only 20% moderate pain. The pre and post-test data of control group depicted that the entire sample had moderate pain consistently. The mean post-test dysmenorrhoea score (19.1) was lower than the mean pre-test dysmenorrhoea score (28.95) in the experimental group. The mean post-test dysmenorrhoea score (26.5) was almost similar to the mean pre-test dysmenorrhoea score (27.25) in the control group. The findings showed a significant difference in the mean dysmenorrhoea score (t19= 8.249, p< 0.05) and symptoms experienced during painful menstruation (t19= 6.496, p<0.05) in the experimental group before and after giving yoga therapy. The significant difference in the dysmenorrhoea score was also observed between experimental and the control group (t38= 7.581, p<0.05). Conclusion: From the findings of the study, it can be concluded that majority of the sample experienced moderate dysmenorrhoea. Yoga therapy was effective in reducing the severity of dysmenorrhoea in the experimental group

Effectiveness of a structured teaching program on knowledge and attitude regarding child mental disorders among primary school teachers at selected schools in Vijayapur, Karnataka

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on the knowledge and attitudes of primary school teachers regarding child mental disorders. Given the projected rise in childhood neuropsychiatric disorders, teachers, who spend significant time with students, are in a pivotal position to identify mental health issues early. A pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was utilized, involving 100 primary school teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a self-structured knowledge questionnaire and an attitude scale. Results indicated a significant increase in knowledge (pre-test mean = 8.47, post-test mean = 21.39; t = 36.31, p < 0.001) and attitudes (pre-test mean = 23.60, post-test mean = 33.77; t = 15.51, p < 0.001) post-intervention. Additionally, the study found significant associations between knowledge and specific socio-demographic variables, including prior identification of children with mental disorders. The findings suggest that structured teaching programs can effectively enhance teachers' knowledge and attitudes toward child mental health, underscoring the need for such initiatives in educational settings.

Assess the efficacy of the combination of sports massage with heat therapy in improving range of motion in patients with shoulder pain?

Background and Study Aim. This study aims to assess the efficacy of combining sports massage and heat therapy in enhancing joint range of motion among patients experiencing shoulder pain. Shoulder pain often coincides with restricted range of motion, impacting daily activities and overall quality of life. Sports massage is recognized for its ability to alleviate muscle tension and enhance blood circulation, while heat therapy is known to decrease muscle stiffness and enhance tissue elasticity. The integration of these two therapies is anticipated to offer synergistic advantages in addressing shoulder pain issues and improving joint flexibility. Material and Methods. The research design employed in this study is pre-experimental, utilizing a one-group pretest and posttest approach. The intervention involved administering a regular combination of sports massage and heat therapy to a group of patients with shoulder pain. Joint range of motion was assessed before and after the intervention using a pretest-posttest design. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and significance tests, were conducted to evaluate the difference between the mean pretest and posttest values. Results. The findings revealed a notable increase in the mean posttest measurements compared to the pretest values. Moreover, the significance test results indicated a significant effect (0.001 < 0.05), highlighting the effectiveness of combining sports massage and heat therapy in augmenting joint range of motion among patients with shoulder pain. Conclusion. These results strongly support the implementation of the combined therapy approach in shoulder pain rehabilitation to address limitations in joint range of motion. This study contributes to the scientific comprehension of the synergistic benefits associated with both therapies and lays the groundwork for refining treatment guidelines for individuals with similar conditions.

A study to assess the effectiveness of informational booklet on knowledge regarding early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction among the undergraduate students in selected colleges in Udupi

Methods: An evaluative approach with pre-experimental, one group pretest posttest design research design, were used to assess the effectiveness of informational booklet on knowledge regarding early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction among undergraduate students. In the view of nature of the problem and accomplish the objectives of the study, a structured self-administered knowledge questionnaire was prepared to assess the knowledge among undergraduate students regarding early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction. Reliability of the tool was tested and validity was ensured in consultation with guides and experts in field of Nursing and Medicine. The pilot study was conducted from 7/6/23 to 14/6/23 after obtaining permission from Dr. G Shankar Government Women’s First Grade College, Udupi. The final study was conducted from 17/6/23 to 24/6/23 after obtaining permission from the authority of Poornaprajna College, Udupi. Subjects were chosen by purposive sampling technique. The researcher introduced self to the subjects and purpose of the study was explained. She obtained written consent from those who were willing to participate in the study. Instructions were given and the tool was administered. Pretest was conducted on 17/6/23 at 9.00 am onwards. Time to conduct pre test was about 35 mts and on the same day informational booklet was given. The respondents were thanked at the end of the class. Post test was conducted on 24/6/23. Results: The mean post-test knowledge scores 28, is higher than mean pre-test knowledge scores 11.5. The computed value 22.59 (p <0.05) showed that there is highly significant difference between the pretest and post-test mean knowledge scores 16.5. Hence, hypothesis H1 is accepted. This indicates that the informational booklet is effective in increasing the knowledge scores on early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction.The chi square value of like variable such as age, gender, religion, class of study, dietary pattern, area of residence, previous information and source of information at 0.05 level of significance does not show any significant association. Hence, the hypothesis H2 is rejected. Interpretation and conclusion: The study revealed that during pretest majority 83 (83%) undergraduate students had poor knowledge level, 17 (17%) had moderate knowledge on early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction. During posttest majority of 49 (49%) gained excellent knowledge, 48 (48%) got good knowledge and 3 (3%) undergraduate students gained moderate knowledge. This indicates that the informational booklet is effective in increasing the knowledge scores on early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction. There was no statistically significant association found between knowledge score and demographic variables.

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme (Stp) On Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Management of Urinary Tract Infection Among Female in Patients Admitted in Ah&Rc B G Nagara

Background: Urinary tract infection occurs among the most prevalent infections in humans is urinary tract infection. When uropathogenic bacteria, typically Escherichia coli, rise from the perineum into the bladder and defeat host innate immunity, simple infections most frequently occur in apparently healthy women Urinary tract infection is one of the commonest infections to affect humans. Purpose: The study assessed the effectiveness of Structured teaching programme on regarding UTI among female patients admitted in Adichunchanagiri Hospital & Research Center B G Nagara. Method: The patient’s level of knowledge was assessed using an 30-item Urinary Tract Infection female Patient Awareness Questionnaire. An STP was administered to 60 patients with UTI Female Patient. Discussion: The pretest mean knowledge score was 42.89% and SD was ±2.45. The posttest mean knowledge score was 77.00% and SD was ±2.14. The paired t-test showed t=2.04, df=29. Conclusion: STP was effective in enhancing the knowledge of UTI Female patients. This implies that when appropriately implemented, the UTI patients will bring the benefits of STP, Which could enhance their overall health condition.

Guided Inquiry Design (GID) as a Pedagogical Practice in Teaching Practical Research

This study determined the performance of grade 12 senior high school students in Practical Research using Guided Inquiry Design during the school year 2022-2023. The study utilized the quasi-experimental research design employing pretest and posttest in Practical Research 2 during the 4th quarter. The participants of this study were 55 Grade 12 students in HUMSS F for the experimental group and 51 students of in HUMSS G for the control group. Purposive sampling technique was utilized in determining the samples of the study. This study determined the performance of grade 12 senior high school students in Practical Research using Guided Inquiry Design during the school year 2022-2023. The study utilized the quasi-experimental research design employing pretest and posttest in Practical Research 2 during the 4th quarter. The participants of this study were 55 Grade 12 students in HUMSS F for the experimental group and 51 students of in HUMSS G for the control group. Purposive sampling technique was utilized in determining the samples of the study. This study concludes that the GID was effective in enhancing the students’ learning outcomes based on the increase of the posttest result and mean difference between the pre-test and posttest. The finding implies that the students in the experimental group who were exposed to GID performed better than the control group with no exposure to GID. It is important to apply GID in class because it develops pedagogical practices that scaffold students’ independent inquiry in learning. Since GID instruction is based on team teaching and inquiry circles, this greatly helps students collaborate with each other which is vital in producing a final output in Practical Research. The researcher will continue to apply GID in teaching to improve existing practices. The researcher recommends that the School Heads will encourage the teachers to use GID in teaching. Teachers can engage in team teaching and inquiry circles to ignite more the interest of the students. Other researchers can use the findings of this study as avenues for future research.

Enhancing reading comprehension in Araling Panlipunan of Grade 5 learners through differentiated instruction

The lack of instructional resources and reading comprehension skills in Araling Panlipunan education resulted in significant learning gaps among elementary-grade students. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of differentiated instruction in closing these gaps in Araling Panlipunan among fifth-grade students. The experimental sampling method research design was utilized through tutorial classes where the respondents received differentiated instruction based on multiple intelligences and learning styles. Aiken's V coefficient method and Cronbach's alpha were used to ensure the validity and reliability of the research instrument. The validation process achieved a result of 0.92, which signifies high validity. Additionally, the reliability test used Cronbach's alpha, obtaining a score of 0.60. The results indicated significant progress in the experimental group's performance in reading comprehension skills after implementing differentiated instruction. The experimental group's mean post-test score, 16.10, suggests an outstanding level of performance. This underscores the effectiveness of differentiated instruction in enhancing reading comprehension skills among Grade 5 pupils. Hence, educators are encouraged to utilize differentiated instruction to enhance the learners' reading comprehension.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Existing In-service Training Courses on Infection Prevention and Control in Nurses: An Evaluation Using the Kirkpatrick Model

Background: Evaluating the effectiveness of educational courses is essential for ensuring high-quality healthcare. Objectives: This study assessed the effectiveness of current in-service training courses on infection prevention and control for nurses, using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model. Methods: This evaluative study was conducted at Shiraz Army Hospital in 2024, involving 40 nurses and 10 supervisors. The educational program consisted of interactive workshops held over two days, covering topics such as standard precautions, isolation procedures, and hand hygiene. The evaluation followed Kirkpatrick’s four levels: Reaction, learning, behavior, and impact. Nurses' reactions and knowledge were measured using validated questionnaires, while supervisors assessed behavioral changes. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26, using descriptive statistics and a one-sample t-test. Results: All four levels of the Kirkpatrick model were evaluated. Nurses reported a mean reaction score of 3.73 (SD = 0.80), reflecting positive feedback on the training. Knowledge scores significantly increased from a pre-test mean of 2.39 (SD = 0.74) to a post-test mean of 3.72 (SD = 0.74) (P < 0.001). Supervisors observed a behavioral improvement, with scores increasing from 2.34 (SD = 0.94) to 3.72 (SD = 0.74) (P = 0.004). Furthermore, the nosocomial infection index decreased from 0.7 to 0.5 (P = 0.002) following the training. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of current in-service training courses on infection prevention and control for nurses. The Kirkpatrick model proved to be a valuable evaluation tool, underscoring the importance of ongoing assessment of nurses’ competencies to enhance infection prevention practices.

Needs Assessment and Tailored Training Pilot for Emergency Care Clinicians in the Prehospital Setting in Rwanda

Background: In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), 45% of deaths could be addressed by implementation of an emergency medical services (EMS) system. Prehospital care is a critical component of EMS worldwide, and basic, affordable training has been shown to improve EMS systems. However, patient outcome impact is unclear. In this study we aimed to assess the current state of prehospital care in Kigali, Rwanda, through a needs assessment, focused training intervention, and analysis of current practices and patient outcomes. Methods: We identified 30 clinicians through the prehospital medical command office and included them in the study. A prospective, nonrandomized, interrupted time-series approach was used. Data collected through closed- and open-ended questionnaires included age, sex, training, and knowledge assessment. We used the data to create a tailored, 18-hour training after which immediate and 11-month post-tests were administered. Linked prehospital and hospital care datasets allowed for evaluation of patient outcomes and prehospital process indicators that included training skill application, airway intervention, intravenous fluid administration, and glucose administration. Results: Of 30 clinicians, 18 (60%) were female, 19 were nurses, and 11 were nurse anaesthetists. Median age was 36, and median years providing care was 10 (IQR 7–11). Twenty-four (80%) participants completed immediate and post-test assessments. Mean knowledge across 12 core skills significantly improved from a pre-test mean of 59.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 42.2–77.20) to a post-test mean of 87.8% (95% CI 74.7–100). At 11 months post-training, the score improvement maintained, with a mean score of 77.6%(95% CI 59.2–96.8). For patient outcomes, the total sample size was 572 patients; 324 of these patients were transported to the ED during the pre-training period (56.4%), while 248 were transported post-training. Prehospital oxygen administration for patients with a saturation level of <95% significantly increased pre- to post-training (66.7% to 71.7%; Δ = 5.0%; Δ95% CI 1.9,−8.1%). No significant changes were noted in patient treatment outcomes or other process indicators due to small sample sizes. Conclusion: This study provides insights on Rwandan EMS and demonstrates that a tailored intervention targeting education on prehospital process indicators has positive impacts on clinician knowledge and practice.