Mean Percentage Of Body Weight Research Articles

THE EFFECTS OF L.CASEI STRAIN SHIROTA SUPPLEMENTATION ON FAECAL PROFILES AND BODY WEIGHT GAIN OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE MALAY CHILDREN

Probiotic Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) has been proven beneficial for the treatment of gut-related conditions. However, it is unclear how it influences faecal SCFAs concentrations and how it disrupted in overweight and obese children. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LcS on faecal profiles and body weight gain in overweight (OW) and obese (OB) children. A total of 42 children, comprising 22 OW/OB children (mean age = 8.73 ± 1.03 years old; BMI = 24.73 ± 3.91 kg/m2; 54.5% boys) and 20 normal weight (NW) children (as a control), were randomly assigned to either receive daily 80 ml of probiotic drink at a dosage of 3.0 x 1010 colony-forming units (CFU) for 4 weeks or a control. Faecal samples were taken, and SCFAs were analysed by HPLC. Results: Twenty-two OW/OB participants completed the study. At the end of the fourth week of LcS supplementations, the propionate and the total SCFAs concentrations increased significantly over time with evident intervention effect (p<0.05). In the treatment group, the faecal propionate concentration (Mean= 153.57 µmol/g , SD= 142.17) increased by 161 % and total SCFAs concentration (Mean= 201.44 µmol/g , SD= 162.90) increased by 79 % from the baseline. The mean percentage of body weight changed significantly within the treatment and control groups: 6.4% in the control group and 7.4% in the treatment group (p 0.05). Nevertheless, no such significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups (p>0.05). LcS supplementations for the 4 weeks in OW/OB children were able to increase levels of propionate as compared to baseline values.

Effects of Dynamic Sitting Exercise with Delayed Visual Feedback in the Early Post-Stroke Phase: A Pilot Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

Sitting ability in the early post-stroke phase affects functional balance ability and other prognoses. We investigated whether dynamic sitting exercise with delayed visual feedback in the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions affected postural control in the early post-stroke phase. In this pilot randomized controlled trial, 27 hemiparetic stroke patients were randomized to experimental (n = 13) and control (n = 14) groups. Dynamic sitting exercise (30 times/day, 5 days/week) in the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions, with 500-ms-delayed (experimental group) or real-time (control group) visual feedback on a computer, was added to usual physical therapy. We evaluated the postural assessment scale for stroke (PASS), static and dynamic sitting balance tasks, the five-times sit-to-stand test, trunk impairment scale, functional ambulation category, and functional independence measure–motor items. In intention-to-treat analysis, the experimental group demonstrated a significant intervention effect on the PASS score (p < 0.05). The mean percentage of body weight on the moving side in the lateral sitting task and the number of successes in the five-times sit-to-stand test were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Thus, the proposed exercise improves postural control, dynamic sitting balance, and sit-to-stand ability in early post-stroke patients.

Effect of 6-month adherence to a very low carbohydrate diet program

Purpose To determine the effect of a 6-month very low carbohydrate diet program on body weight and other metabolic parameters. Subjects and methods Fifty-one overweight or obese healthy volunteers who wanted to lose weight were placed on a very low carbohydrate diet (<25 g/d), with no limit on caloric intake. They also received nutritional supplementation and recommendations about exercise, and attended group meetings at a research clinic. The outcomes were body weight, body mass index, percentage of body fat (estimated by skinfold thickness), serum chemistry and lipid values, 24-hour urine measurements, and subjective adverse effects. Results Forty-one (80%) of the 51 subjects attended visits through 6 months. In these subjects, the mean (± SD) body weight decreased 10.3% ± 5.9% ( P <0.001) from baseline to 6 months (body weight reduction of 9.0 ± 5.3 kg and body mass index reduction of 3.2 ± 1.9 kg/m 2). The mean percentage of body weight that was fat decreased 2.9% ± 3.2% from baseline to 6 months ( P <0.001). The mean serum bicarbonate level decreased 2 ± 2.4 mmol/L ( P <0.001) and blood urea nitrogen level increased 2 ± 4 mg/dL ( P <0.001). Serum total cholesterol level decreased 11 ± 26 mg/dL ( P = 0.006), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level decreased 10 ± 25 mg/dL ( P = 0.01), triglyceride level decreased 56 ± 45 mg/dL ( P <0.001), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level increased 10 ± 8 mg/dL ( P <0.001), and the cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio decreased 0.9 ± 0.6 units ( P <0.001). There were no serious adverse effects, but the possibility of adverse effects in the 10 subjects who did not adhere to the program cannot be eliminated. Conclusion A very low carbohydrate diet program led to sustained weight loss during a 6-month period. Further controlled research is warranted.

Voluntary limb-load distribution in horses with acute and chronic laminitis.

To compare limb-load distribution between horses with and without acute or chronic laminitis. 10 horses with carbohydrate-induced acute laminitis, 20 horses with naturally occurring chronic laminitis, and 20 horses without foot abnormalities (controls). Limb-load distribution was determined, using a custom-designed system that allowed simultaneous quantification of the mean percentage of body weight voluntarily placed on each limb (ie, mean limb load) and the SD of the mean load over a 5-minute period (ie, load distribution profile [LDP]). Load distribution profile was used as an index of frequency of load redistribution. Mean loads on fore- and hind limbs in control horses were 58 and 42%, respectively, and loads were equally and normally distributed between left and right limbs. In addition, forelimb LDP was greater, compared with hind limbs, and was affected by head and neck movement. In comparison, limb-load distribution in horses with chronic laminitis was characterized by an increase in the preferential loading of a forelimb, a decrease in total forelimb load, and an increase in LDP that was correlated with severity of lameness. In horses with carbohydrate-induced acute laminitis, mean limb loads after onset of lameness were not different from those prior to lameness; however, LDP was significantly decreased after onset of lameness. Quantification of limb-load distribution may be an applicable screening method for detecting acute laminitis, grading severity of lameness, and monitoring rehabilitation of horses with chronic laminitis.

Variables affecting weight gain in renal transplant recipients

Previous studies of renal transplant recipients have suggested that weight gain after transplantation is relatively common, especially among certain populations. We conducted a retrospective review of 977 renal transplant recipients at the University of Alabama at Birmingham to identify patterns of weight change (as mean percentage of body weight at transplantation) attributed to race, sex, income, age at transplantation, pretransplantation time on dialysis, incidence of diabetes, rejection episode(s), and/or obesity (body mass index [ge ] 30 kg/m2) at transplantation. Patients were evaluated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months posttransplantation and at 2 and 3 years, when available. Univariate analysis at 1 year showed that blacks achieved a greater weight change than whites (P [equals] 0.0004), women had greater gains than men (P [equals] 0.0001), and low-income patients had greater mean gains versus medium- (P [equals] 0.0001) and high-income patients (P [plusmn] 0.0001). Advancing age and weight gain were inversely correlated (P [equals] 0.0002). Having one or more rejection episode indicated less weight gain than having no rejection episode (P [equals] 0.0220). Incidence of diabetes or time on dialysis was not a significant predictor of weight gain. Black race, female sex, low income, younger age, and no incidence of rejection episodes were significantly associated with weight gain at 1 year in the multivariate analysis. [copy ] 2001 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.