Mean Nerve Conduction Velocity Research Articles

Survey of age on median motor nerve conduction variables to well population of Malwa region

Background: Nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) represent correct methods to study the peripheral nerve being capable in estimating nerve-related situation. It aids in distinguishing from a nerve injury to situation where muscles are pretentious due to a nerve lesion, while, in that respect, many dissimilarities in testimonial use to NCV in dissimilar nerves with regard to place, sex, mass, and other ethnographical facts, i.e., span of life. This has been viewed in performing nerve conduction studies while ethnographical part differs for different geological region. Aims and Objectives: The view of present work is to do the NCV studies in right median nerve with usual grown-up people and to study the outcome of age on it. Materials and Methods: A total 110 healthy participants for length of life of 20 and 50 years, with none nerve lesion, examined at IMCHRC, Malwa. Each of the trial had been carried out in JAVA RMS Aleron-201 version. Analysis on SPSS-10 version. Results: The mean of NCV firstly rises among the ages of 20–30 years and 31–40 years, comes after by a fall in the mean NCV of elbow–wrist segment significantly fall while the mean of age rises with proceeding length of life. It is to be noted that NCV was conversely connected with rise in length of life of the volunteer with mean NCV of Set 1 >Set 2, Set3, Set 4 with P < 0.05 which is toply remarkable. Conclusion: Usual parameter for conductivity in peripheral nerves has been used in the test of peripheral nerve lesion. Age has a definitive effect on NCV. Hence, these biotic factors have to be taken into consideration during interpretation of results during nerve conduction studies. Therefore, it should also be used for research purposes and in analytic approach.

Mean Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity of Right Ulnar Nerve among Physically Trained Adult Males in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Neural adaptation to physical training allows a person to better coordinate the activation of all relevant muscles producing maximum force. Nerve conduction velocity measures the speed of impulse along the motor neuron and is strongly associated with muscle contraction time. This study aimed to find out the mean motor nerve conduction velocity of the right ulnar nerve among physically trained adult males in a tertiary care centre. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neurophysiology Laboratory of a tertiary care centre from 3rd November, 2019 to 2nd November, 2020. Thirty young adult males who were engaged in the physical training at a training centre for more than 3 months were studied after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 1578/019). Motor nerve conduction parameters of the right ulnar nerve were measured and data were entered in Microsoft Excel. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences version 25.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentages for binary data, and mean and standard deviation for continuous data. Among 30 males studied, the mean motor nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve was found to be 61.02±5.86 m/sec (58.92-63.11 at 95% Confidence Interval). The mean distal latency and amplitude of the muscle action potential were 2.33±0.53 ms and 8.08±1.17 mv respectively. Our study found that the mean nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve was similar when compared to studies conducted in similar settings. Nepal; nerve conduction; ulnar nerve.

Comparison Of Median Nerve Conduction Velocity Between Player Games (Gamers) And Non-Player Games Based On Electroneuromyography

Playing games for a long period can induce a negative effect on the hands, especially on the median nerve. This study aims to compare median nerve conduction between gamers and non-gamers. This study was analyzed with a cross-sectional method of 40 subjects at University Mataram Hospital from September to October 2020. The subjects included gamers and non-gamers subjects as controls. All groups were tested the median nerve conduction velocity using Electromyoneurography. Demographic data were analyzed with descriptive and compare median nerve conduction study between two groups with the Mann Whitney test. Each group obtained 20 subjects. The mean median motor nerve conduction velocity on the right side of gamers and non-gamers is 2.83 ± 1.2 ms and 2.44 ± 1.2 ms, while the left side is 2.9 ± 1.0 ms and 2.5 ± 1.1 ms. The mean sensory median nerve conduction velocity on the right side of gamers and non-gamers is 2.31 ± 1.02 ms and 2.25 ± 0.88 ms, and the left side is 2.4 ± 1.1 ms and 2.25 ± 0.9 ms. The Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05).

Study on the effect of diallyl sulfide on peripheral nerve injury in n-hexane intoxicated rats

Objective: To investigate the antagonistic effect of diallyl sulfide (DAS) against peripheral nerve injury induced by n-hexane in rats. Methods: A total of 68 adult male Wistar rats were selected, among which 50 were randomly selected and divided into blank control group, DAS control group (100 mg/kg·bw) , n-hexane model group, low-dose DAS intervention group (50 mg/kg·bw) , and high-dose DAS intervention group (100 mg/kg·bw) . A rat model of peripheral nerve injury was established by n-hexane exposure, and the rats were treated with DAS at different doses. The changes in pyrrole adducts and behavior were observed, a metabolic analysis was performed for serum pyrrole adducts, and the intervention effect was evaluated. The remaining 18 rats were randomly assigned to the n-hexane model group, the low-dose DAS intervention group, and the high-dose DAS intervention group, with 6 rats in each group, as satellite groups used for the toxicokinetic analysis of serum pyrrole adducts. Results: Compared with the blank control group, the n-hexane model group and low-and high-dose DAS intervention groups had a significant reduction in body weight since week 2 (P<0.01) . Compared with the n-hexane model group at the end of the experiment at week 7, the high-dose DAS intervention group had a significantly higher body weight (P<0.05) , while there was no significant difference in body weight between the n-hexane model group and the low-dose DAS intervention group (P>0.05) . The n-hexane model group developed gait abnormality at week 2 of poisoning, while the low-and high-dose DAS intervention groups developed gait abnormality at weeks 3 and 5 of poisoning, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the n-hexane model group and the low-and high-dose DAS intervention groups had a significantly higher gait score than the blank control group (P<0.01) . At the end of the experiment, the n-hexane model group and the low-dose DAS intervention group had significantly shorter latency in rotarod test than the blank control group (P<0.01) , while there was no significant difference in latency between the DAS control group and the high-dose DAS intervention group (P>0.05) . Compared with the n-hexane model group, the low-and high-dose DAS intervention groups had a significant increase in latency in rotarod test (P<0.01) . Compared with blank control group, the n-hexane model group and the low-dose DAS intervention group had a significant increase in mean nerve conduction velocity (P<0.01) , while there was no significant difference between the blank control group and the DAS control group or high-dose DAS intervention group (P>0.05) , and compared with the n-hexane model group, the low-and high-dose DAS intervention groups had a significant increase in nerve conduction velocity (P<0.01) . Compared with the blank control group at the end of the experiment at week 7, the n-hexane model group and the low-and high-dose DAS intervention groups had significant increases in the concentration of pyrrole adducts in serum, urine, and hair (P<0.01) , while there was no significant difference between the blank control group and the DAS control group (P>0.05) , and the high-dose DAS intervention group had a significantly lower concentration of pyrrole adducts in serum, urine, and hair than the low-dose DAS intervention group (P<0.05) . Serum pyrrole adducts reached the peak level at 9-12 hours and then started to decrease. Compared with the n-hexane model group, the high-and low-dose DAS intervention groups had a significantly shorter half-life period of serum pyrrole adducts (P<0.01) . Compared with the n-hexane model group, the high-and low-dose DAS intervention groups had a significant reduction in the area under the curve of serum pyrrole adducts (P<0.05) . Conclusion: DAS can antagonize peripheral nerve injury induced by n-hexane.

Effect of shoulder and elbow position on ulnar nerve conduction.

The aims of this study were to determine the effect of shoulder and elbow position on ulnar nerve conduction studies (NCS), and the length of reserve that asymptomatic individuals have in their ulnar nerves. Healthy subjects (n = 22) underwent ulnar NCS in 4 positions of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion. The mean increase in nerve conduction velocity (NCV) from the slack position of shoulder adducted and elbow extended to the stretch position of shoulder abducted and elbow flexed was 2.9 m/s (P < 0.01). Using this difference, the mean length of reserve in the ulnar nerve along the limb was found to be 28.3 (SD=13.8) mm. Shoulder abduction increased the mean NCV 0.8 m/s (P = 0.03) independent of elbow flexion. This study demonstrates an ulnar nerve reserve in healthy patients that is taken up with shoulder abduction and elbow flexion and suggests shoulder position should be standardized during ulnar NCS. Muscle Nerve, 2019.

ELECTRONEUROMYOGRAPHY EXAMINATION OF DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY PATIENTS

Background: Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is one of the chronic complications that occur in approximately 80% of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. This condition is a results of metabolic, vascular, and immunological disorders. Objective: To determine the profile of electroneuromyography (ENMG) examination of DPN patients at neurology clinic of Saiful Anwar General Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional observational descriptive study was carried out at Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang from June 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015, with purposive sampling method. A total of 43 DM patients with symptoms of polyneuropathy fulfilling inclusion criteria and no exclusion criteria were examined for ENMG. ENMG examirnation were including distal latency, amplitude and nerve conduction velocity of 4 motoric nerves (median, ulnar, tibial, peroneal) & 3 sensory nerves (median, ulnar, sural), and F waves of ulnar, median and peroneal nerves of the left and right extremities. Results: Of the 43 patients evaluated in this study, the mean sensory sural nerve conduction velocity was 13.01 m/s. The majority type of nerve damage in diabetic polyneuropathy patients in this study were mixed type (52.33% in the median nerve, 60.47% in the ulnar nerve, 72.10% in the tibial nerve, and 54.65% in the peroneal nerve in motor nerve studies and 80.23% in the median nerve and 88.37% in the peroneal nerve in the sensory nerve studies). Conclusion: The nerve damage that occurs in DPN patients at Saiful Anwar general Hospital is severe, with the majority being the axonal demyelinating type, especially in the sensory nerve fibers in the inferior extremities.

Influence of age and body mass index on nerve conduction velocity in median nerve and relation among them in the healthy population of Indore region

Background: Nerve conduction studies (NCS) deal with the method to work on the nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) which are being capable of finding nerve lesion. NCS aids in finding nerve lesion and situations where muscles get influenced by it. There are many differences in values for NCV in different nerves in relation to geographical location and other biological factors, i.e., age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Hence, these factors should be considered during NCS as such factors differ from place to place. Aims and Objective: The main purpose for doing this study was to find the influence of age and BMI on nerve conduction in the median nerve along with how they are correlated to each other. Materials and Methods: Around 118 normal individuals between the ages of 20 and 60 years, without any nerve lesion, were tested at index medical college, a tertiary care center, Indore. Statistical figures were described using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 model. Results: Mean NCV rises early around 20–30 years and 31–40 years, following a fall with increasing age as well as BMI. It was discovered that NCV proportionally associated with rising BMI with statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The nerve conduction of peripheral nerves could help to evaluate peripheral nerve lesion. Age and BMI have a definitive effect on NCV. Hence, all these biological factors should be considered during interpretation of nerve conduction disorders.

The Effects of Chicken Embryo Brain Extract on Sciatic Nerve Regeneration of Male Rat; An Experimental Study

Objective:To determine the effects of chicken embryo brain extract (BE) on transects sciatic nerve in male rats. Methods:Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 to 250 g, were randomized into three groups treated with (1) sham surgery, (2) normal saline (NS), and (3) brain extract (BE). The BE was taken from incubating chick embryos at day 8. The sciatic nerve was exposed and sharply transected at the mid thigh level. Immediate epineurial repair was then performed. The BE treated animals were given 400 µl/kg of the chick embryo BE intraperitoneal, once daily, for 2 weeks. All animals were evaluated by sciatic functional index (SFI), electrophysiology, histology, and immunohistochemistry at days 28, 90 after surgery. Results:The mean SFI difference between BE and NS groups at days 28, 60 and 90 after surgery was statistically significant (p=0.086). The mean number of myelinated fibers in the BE group was significantly greater than that of the NS group on days 28 and 90 after surgery (p=0.034). At days 28 and 90 after surgery, the mean nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in the BE group was significantly faster than that of the NS group (p=0.041). Conclusion: These results indicate for the first time that chick embryo brain extract can enhance peripheral nerve regeneration in rat.

The effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on recovery of skeletal muscle after neurotization surgery in rat.

Objective(s):When the nerve is injured near its entrance to the muscle belly, we cannot perform conventional methods. One useful method in such a situation is neurotization surgery. In this study, Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) implanted into the paralyzed muscle after neurotization surgery. These cells can stimulate axon growth and motor endplate formation, also prevent muscle atrophy.Materials and Methods:Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into six groups: intact group, sham surgery group, control group, DMEM group, cell+DMEM group, denervated group. The motor nerve of the lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle was cut, and the proximal portion of the severed nerve was transplanted to the proximal third of the muscle paralysis. BMSCs with/or DMEM was injected into the site of injury. All animals were evaluated by withdrawal reflex latency (WRL), electromyography, muscle weight, histology and immunohistochemistry.Results:The WRL difference between the control and cell+DMEM groups at weeks 4 and 12 post-operation was statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean number of motor end plates in cell+DMEM group was more than control group (P<0.05). At 12 weeks post-operation, the difference of the mean nerve conduction velocity (NCV) between cell treated group and sham surgery groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In weeks 4 and 12 post-operation, the mean fiber diameters in cell+DMEM group were more than control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The results of this study demonstrate that transplantation of BMSCs after neurotization surgery, prevent muscle atrophy and improve muscle function.

A new technique for dorsal sural nerve conduction study with surface strip electrodes.

To obtain higher amplitude of dorsal sural sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs), we used a new method for dorsal sural nerve conduction study with surface strip electrodes (SSEs). Dorsal sural SNAPs were recorded orthodromically. The recording electrodes were placed behind the lateral malleolus. SSEs were attached to the laterodorsal aspect of the foot for stimulation of the dorsal sural nerve (DSN). We also used a conventional method with a standard bipolar stimulator and compared the findings. Dorsal sural SNAPs were recordable bilaterally from 49 healthy volunteers. Mean peak-to-peak amplitude for SNAPs was 12.9±6.3μV, and mean nerve conduction velocity was 44.8±5.5m/s. The mean amplitude of SNAPs obtained by our method was 118.6% higher than that of SNAPs obtained by the conventional method (12.9μVvs. 5.9μV; P<0.001). The highest amplitude of dorsal sural SNAPs was constantly obtained by SSEs since SNAPs arising from whole digital branches of the DSN could be elicited by placement of SSEs. When the DSN supplies more cutaneous branches to the lateral half of the foot, SSEs gives higher amplitude of dorsal sural SNAPs than that of the standard innervation type.

Reversible median nerve impairment after three weeks of repetitive work.

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of impaired median nerve function in relation to hand-intensive seasonal work. We hypothesized that at end-season, median nerve conduction would be impaired and then recover within weeks. Methods Using nerve conduction studies (NCS), we examined median nerve conduction before, during, and after engaging in 22 days of mink skinning. For a subgroup, we used goniometry and surface electromyography to characterize occupational mechanical exposures. Questionnaire information on symptoms, disability, and lifestyle factors was obtained. Results The study comprised 11 male mink skinners with normal median nerve conduction at pre-season (mean age 35.7 years, mean number of seasons with skinning 8.9 years). Mink skinning was characterized by a median angle of wrist flexion/extension of 16º extension, a median velocity of wrist flexion/extension of 22 °/s, and force exertions of 11% of maximal voluntary electrical activity. At end-season, mean distal motor latency (DML) had increased 0.41 ms (P<0.001), mean sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) digit 2 had decreased 6.3 m/s (P=0.004), and mean SNCV digit 3 had decreased 6.2 m/s (P=0.01); 9 mink skinners had decreases in nerve conduction, 5 fulfilled electrodiagnostic criteria and 4 fulfilled electrodiagnostic and clinical criteria (a positive Katz hand diagram) for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Three to six weeks post-season, the changes had reverted to normal. Symptom and disability scores showed corresponding changes. Conclusions In this natural experiment, impaired median nerve conduction developed during 22 days of repetitive industrial work with moderate wrist postures and limited force exertion. Recovery occurred within 3-6 weeks post-season.

Nerve conduction velocity in median nerve of healthy adult population in Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh with respect to age, gender, and height along with the relation amongst them

Background: Nerve conduction velocities (NCV) represent the most accurate methods to study the peripheral nerves owing to their ability in diagnosing nerve-related conditions. It helps to distinguish between a true nerve disorder and conditions where muscles are affected due to a nerve injury. However, there are considerable differences in reference values for NCV in different nerves with respect to region, gender, population, and various anthropological data such as age, height, body mass index, and temperature. They have to be kept in mind while doing nerve conduction studies as these anthropological factors vary according to the different geographical areas. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is to establish the electrophysiological data NCV for the right median nerve in normal healthy adults in Malwa region of Indore, district of Madhya Pradesh, and to study the effect of age, gender, and height on it along with relation among them. Materials and Methods: A total 118 healthy participants (38 females and 80 males) between the ages of 20 and 60 years, with no neurological problem were investigated at Index Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. All tests were performed on JAVA record management system Aleron-201 series. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences 10.0 version. Results: The mean of NCV initially increases between the ages of 20-30 years and 31-40 years, followed by a decrease in the mean NCV of elbow–wrist segment significantly decreases while mean of age and NCV for males is more than that of females and height increases with advancing age. It was found that NCV was inversely related to an increase in height of the participants the mean NCV of Group 1 > Group 2, Group 3, Group 4 with P < 0.05 which is highly significant. Conclusion: The normal conduction parameter of commonly tested peripheral nerves can be used in the investigation of peripheral nerve injury and for evaluating the peripheral nerve disorder. Age, gender, and height have a definitive effect on NCV. Hence, it could also be utilized for comparative studies and for diagnostic conclusion.

The Effect of Chick Embryo Cerebro-Spinal Fluid in Microwave Irradiated Collagen Guide Channel on Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in Rat

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of chick embryo cerebro-spinal fluid (e-CSF) across the irradiated collagen guide channel on sciatic nerve regeneration in comparison with autograft. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300g) were randomized into (1) collagen channel + E-CSF, (2) collagen channel + normal saline (NS), (3) autograft (AG), and (4) sham surgery groups. The left sciatic nerve was exposed and a 10mm nerve segment was cut and removed. In the collagen groups, the proximal and distal cuts ends of sciatic nerve were telescoped into the nerve guides and E-CSF or NS injected into collagen conduit. To the autograft group, the 10 mm nerve segment was turned backwards and used an autologous nerve graft. All animals were evaluated by sciatic functional index (SFI) and electrophysiology testing. The improvements in SFI since the beginning of the last evaluation in experimental groups were measured. On days 49 and 60 post-operation, the mean SFI of the collagen + E-CSF group was significantly greater than the autograft group (P< 0.05). On day 90, the mean nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the collagen + CSF group was greater than autograft group (P< 0.05). These findings showed that RPS in collagen nerve guide channel effectively enhances nerve regeneration and promotes functional recovery in injured sciatic nerve of rats.

Tissue-engineered rhesus monkey nerve grafts for the repair of long ulnar nerve defects: similar outcomes to autologous nerve grafts.

Acellular nerve allografts can help preserve normal nerve structure and extracellular matrix composition. These allografts have low immunogenicity and are more readily available than autologous nerves for the repair of long-segment peripheral nerve defects. In this study, we repaired a 40-mm ulnar nerve defect in rhesus monkeys with tissue-engineered peripheral nerve, and compared the outcome with that of autograft. The graft was prepared using a chemical extract from adult rhesus monkeys and seeded with allogeneic Schwann cells. Pathomorphology, electromyogram and immunohistochemistry findings revealed the absence of palmar erosion or ulcers, and that the morphology and elasticity of the hypothenar eminence were normal 5 months postoperatively. There were no significant differences in the mean peak compound muscle action potential, the mean nerve conduction velocity, or the number of neurofilaments between the experimental and control groups. However, outcome was significantly better in the experimental group than in the blank group. These findings suggest that chemically extracted allogeneic nerve seeded with autologous Schwann cells can repair 40-mm ulnar nerve defects in the rhesus monkey. The outcomes are similar to those obtained with autologous nerve graft.

Nerve conduction velocity in median nerve and tibial nerve of healthy adult population with respect to gender

Background: The reference values for nerve conduction velocity (NCV) for different nerves vary considerably in different population and region. There are factors that affect NCV such as age, gender, and temperature. The importance of motor nerve conduction study for the evaluation of the functional status of the patient’s median and tibial nerve for comparing the effect of therapeutic intervention with other diseases, which affect NCV is well-known in various studies. Aims and Objectives: To establish the normal electrophysiological data, NCV variables, i.e., compound muscle action potential for the right median and right tibial nerve in normal healthy adults and to establish gender effect on NCV study variables in them. Materials and Methods: All together 38 females and 80 male subjects, from first year MBBS, BDS, staff members of the Index Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, between age group of 20-60 years were evaluated. All tests were done on JAVA RMS Aleron-201 series. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 10.0 version. Results: The mean ages of male were more than that of female with P value nonsignificant. The mean NCV of elbow-wrist and knee-ankle of males was more than that of female with P = 0.038 and 0.020, respectively, which was found to be highly significant. Conclusion: The normative conduction parameter of commonly tested peripheral nerve in upper and lower limb could be used for the evaluation of peripheral nerve injury. Gender has a definite effect on NCS variables diagnostic conclusion could also be made from the nerve conduction study data.

The Role of Nerve Growth Factor in Ginsenoside Rg1-Induced Regeneration of Injured Rat Sciatic Nerve

Sciatic nerve injury is commonly seen in clinical practice predominantly associated with trauma or sports injuries. Recent studies indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 (Gs Rg1), extracted from Chinese herbs, was found to promote regeneration of injured rat sciatic nerve and that nerve growth factor (NGF) may be involved in this process. The aim of this study was to examine the role that NGF may play in ginsenoside Rg1-induced regeneration of rat sciatic nerve following injury. Animals following surgical right sciatic nerve injury were subsequently administered intraperitoneally either saline (sham control) or different doses of 2, 4, 8, or 12 mg/kg daily GsRg1 for 2 to 8 wk. In addition, 100 μg/kg mecobalamin, a drug utilized to treat nerve injuries, was employed as a positive control. After 2, 4, or 8 wk, sciatic functional index (SFI) and mean nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), markers of sciatic nerve function, were assessed to determine whether recovery of injured sciatic nerve occurred. In addition, immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods were used to examine NGF protein expression changes. Results showed that all doses of GsRg1 significantly increased SFI and MNCV in injured sciatic-nerve-damaged rats in a manner similar to that noted with mecobalamin. It is of interest that the intermediate 4- and 8-mg/kg doses were more effective in restoring nerve functions. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot results also demonstrated a similar pattern with enhanced NGF protein expression at all doses, but greater effects were noted at 4 and 8 mg/kg GsRg1. Data suggest that GsRg1 promotes recovery of injured sciatic nerve functions within a specific dose range and that NGF may be involved in this physiological process.

Successful transplantation of motoneurons into the peripheral nerve depends on the number of transplanted cells.

Transplantation of motoneurons (MN) into the peripheral nerve to provide a source of neurons for muscle reinnervation, termed motoneuron integrated striated muscle (MISM), may provide the potential to restore functional muscle activity, when combined with computer-programmed functional electrical stimulation (FES). The number of MNs required to restore innervation to denervated muscles in adult Fischer 344 rats was investigated by comparing two groups, one transplanted with 2 × 10(5) cells (group A) and the other with 1 × 10(6) cells (group B). Twelve weeks after transplantation, electrophysiological analysis, muscle function analysis, and tissue analysis were performed. The mean motor nerve conduction velocity was faster (12.4 ± 1.0 m/s vs. 8.5 ± 0.7 m/s, P = 0.011) and the mean amplitude of compound muscle action potential was larger (1.6 ± 0.4 mV vs. 0.7 ± 0.2 mV, P = 0.034) in group B. The dorsiflexed ankle angle was larger in group B (27 ± 5° vs. 75 ± 8°, P = 0.02). The mean myelinated axon number in the peroneal nerve and the proportion of reinnervated motor end plates were also greater in group B (317 ± 33 vs. 104 ± 17, 87.5 ± 3.4% vs. 40.6 ± 7.7%; P < 0.01, respectively). When sufficient MNs are transplanted into the peripheral nerve, MISM forms functional motor units. MISM, in conjunction with FES, provides a new treatment strategy for paralyzed muscles.

The effect of cerebro-spinal fluid in collagen guide channel on sciatic nerve regeneration in rat

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in nerve regeneration across the collagen guide channel in comparison with autograft. Forty adult male rats (250-300 g) were randomized into (1) collagen channel+CSF, (2) collagen channel+normal saline (NS), (3) autograft, and (4) sham surgery groups. The left sciatic nerve was exposed and a 10 mm nerve segment was cut and removed. In the collagen groups, the proximal and distal cuts ends of sciatic nerve were telescoped into the nerve guides and CSF or NS injected into collagen conduit. In the autograft group, the 10 mm nerve segment was turned backwards and used an autologous nerve graft. All animals were evaluated by sciatic functional index (SFI) and electrophysiology, histology, and immunohistochemistry testing. The improvements in SFI since the beginning of the last evaluation in experimental groups were measured. On days 49 and 60 post-operation, the mean SFI of the collagen+CSF group was significantly greater than the autograft group (P < 0.05). On day 90, the mean nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the collagen+CSF group was greater than autograft group (P < 0.05). The number of myelinated fibers in the collagen+CSF group was significantly greater than that of the collagen + NS group at day 90 (P < 0.05). CSF in collagen nerve guide channel effectively enhances nerve regeneration and promotes functional recovery in injured sciatic nerve of rats.

Delayed polyneuropathy in farm sprayers due to chronic low dose pesticide exposure.

Background:The use of organophosphates (OPs) in developing countries is rising in large quantities and non-secure methods. This problem not only causes acute poisoning but also may lead to chronic diseases such as polyneuropathy. In Iran, 60% of pesticides are organophosphate compounds that may lead to delayed polyneuropathy.Objectives:The purpose of the current study was to evaluate delayed polyneuropathy in farm sprayers due to chronic low dose pesticide exposure.Patients and Methods:In our cross-sectional study, non-randomized sampling method was performed and 100 farm sprayers (cases) and 100 hospital personnel (controls) after precise systemic and neurological examination were recruited to this study from June 2011 to august 2011. The nerve conduction studies were performed and these indices were recorded: Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP), amplitude and Distal Latency (DL) and Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) of common peroneal nerve, Peak Latency (PL) and amplitude of Sensory Nerve Action Potential (SNAP) and Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) of sural and radial sensory nerves.Results:Among 100 cases, 55 farm sprayers complained of non-neurological problems including: ophthalmologic, dermatologic and pulmonary complications. The ophthalmologic complaints (44%) were the most. The mean peroneal CMAP amplitude and NCV, sural PL, radial SNAP amplitude, PL and NCV in the case group were significantly different compared to control group. Mean exposure time to OPs in farm sprayers without neurological problem (40%) was 11.81 ± 5.84 years but in farm sprayers with neurological problems (60%) was 15.70 ± 9.08 years, which represents the effect of OPs exposure duration on neurologic problems.Conclusions:Chronic low dose pesticide exposure could lead to delayed peripheral neuropathy as well as systemic (skin, eyes and lungs) complications. In farm sprayers electrodiagnostic indices were significantly abnormal as compared to control group. The normal indices did not rule out neurologic involvement and it seems that measurement of these indices at the beginning of the farm sprayers employment and intermittently during their work is helpful for detecting delayed polyneuropathy.

The effect of Angipars on diabetic neuropathy in STZ-induced diabetic male rats: a study on behavioral, electrophysiological, sciatic histological and ultrastructural indices.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease with a high prevalence rate in human society that eventually leads to the peripheral nervous system complications in a great number of patients. In the present study, the effects of Angipars on nerve conduction velocity, histological alterations, and behavioral indices were investigated. Diabetes was induced in male rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Six weeks after STZ injection, animals were divided into five groups control, vehicle, and 3 experimental groups. The vehicle group received 1 mL distilled water daily for two weeks and three experimental groups received, respectively, intraperitoneal injection of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg Angipars daily for two weeks. Intraperitoneal injection of Angipars, in some extent, could significantly improve behavioral indices of the experimental groups as compared to the vehicle group. Furthermore, mean nerve conduction velocity in the vehicle group showed significant difference with that in the control and the 2nd experimental groups; therefore, Angipars could increase nerve conduction velocity in neuropathic rats. Overall, Angipars exerted positive effects on the treatment and reduction of physiologic symptoms and improvement of sciatic morphological injuries in neuropathic rats.