Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Values Research Articles

Hematobiochemical Changes, Immunological Response and Immune Gene Expression in Nile Tilapia (Oreochrom niloticus) Experimentally Infected with Shewanella putrefaciens

Background: In this work, hematobiochemical changes, immunological responses, and histopathological changes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) experimentally infected with Shewanella putrefaciens were studied. Methods: O. niloticus was experimentally infected with S. putrefaciens (4SK/SRLFDA/19) at a concentration of 1.508×106CFU/ml per fish. Gross symptoms, namely hemorrhage on the body surface, skin discoloration, slow or nervous behavior, shallow necrotizing ulcers on the skin, fin erosions and abdominal distension were observed 5 to 6 days after infection. Fish were anesthetized and blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 20 and 27 days after the experimental infection to assess the hematobiochemical and immunological responses. For haematobiochemical responses, tests that included hemoglobin (Hb), leukocyte count (Lc), erythrocyte, hematocrite (Ht), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), cholesterol (CHO), glucose (GLU) and triglyceride were assessed. Result: Values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, albumin, globulin, erythrocyte, MCHC, cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased. Lc, MCV, MCH, and glucose values were significantly (p less than 0.05) increased. Respiratory burst activity (RBA) and serum total protein values were significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased. Relative expression of immune gene toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), stress genes heat shock proteins 70, 90 (HSP70, HSP90), oxidative stress gene glutathione S-transferases (GST) and inflammatory gene interleukin 6 (IL6) was significantly higher in experimentally infected fishes compared to control.

The Causes of Thyrotoxicosis, Clinical Features, and Treatment Strategies in a Former Iodine Deficient Area

Thyrotoxicosis is a hypermetabolic condition caused by excess thyroid hormones in the circulation with/without increased production from the thyroid gland. In this prospective study, we aimed to investigate the causes of thyrotoxicosis, clinical features, and treatment strategies in a former iodine-deficient area. Thyroid function tests, antithyroid and antithyroid receptor antibodies, and routine thyroid ultrasonography was obtained, and a thyroid scintigraphy/radioactive iodine uptake test was performed on need. A statistically significant difference was found between toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) and Graves’ disease (GD) groups when mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values were analyzed. TSH levels were significantly lower in GD patients compared to those in TMNG and TNG patients, but free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) values were higher. A high level of TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) was observed in patients with normal antithyroid peroxidase (Anti-TPO). TRAb levels were found to be high. Anti-TPO and anti-thyroglobulin (Anti-Tg) levels were observed to be positively correlated with sT3 and sT4 levels. TMNG is the leading cause of thyrotoxicosis; despite sufficient iodide intake in our former iodine-deficient region, TMNG is characteristically seen in older patients with much lower thyroid hormone levels than GD. According to the study results, the diagnosis of patients with thyrotoxicosis, their clinical presentation, the treatment they will receive, early detection of postoperative complications were predicted

Impact of Long-Term Camel Milk Consumption on Hepatic and Renal Biomarkers of Camel Nomads—An Observational Cross-Sectional Study from Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract Objectives Camel milk is gaining popularity worldwide owing to its unique biochemical composition and therapeutic benefits. In persona to available data on camel milk's potential health attributes against noncommunicable diseases, this study examined camel milk's effect on hepatic and renal biomarkers of milk consumers. Materials and Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 51 camel nomads in the periurban areas of South Punjab, Pakistan. Structured questionnaire based on sociodemographic, dietary assessment, and blood sampling was done following simple random sampling technique to evaluate hematological, hepatic, and renal biomarkers. Results The results indicate hematological parameters including mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) to vary significantly between camel and cow milk consumers. Comparatively higher mean values of MCH, MCHC, and MCV, that is, 29.55 pg, 32.76 g/dL, and 89.61 fL, respectively, in male camel milk consumers than in females of the same group were observed. Camel milk consumption for the extended duration was found to anticipate significantly (p < 0.05) higher total serum protein contents, 17.38 g/dL in males and 15.23 g/dL in females than observed in cow milk consumers. Conclusion The study validates that camel milk chronic consumption impacts some hematological changes to a significant level while indicating nonsignificant changes in renal and hepatic markers. Our study entertained sample population from one camel rearing region of the country. To better understand preventive and therapeutic properties of camel milk consumption against hepatic or renal disorders, sample populations from different regions may be enrolled and monitored for camel milk consumption, dietary patterns, and disease prevalence.

The Response of the Amputee Athlete Heart to Chronic Core Exercise: A Study on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters, and N-Terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide.

Background and Objectives: mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular causes are frequently experienced in amputees. Research on the effects of chronic exercise on biomarkers and cardiac damage indicators in these individuals is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a core training program on brain natriuretic-related peptide, as well as hematological and biochemical parameters in amputee soccer players. Materials and Methods: The participants were randomly allocated to the following two groups: a core exercise group (CEG) and a control group (CG). While the CG continued routine soccer training, the CEG group was included in a core exercise program different from this group. During the study, routine hemogram parameters of the participants, various biochemical markers, and the concentration of brain natriuretic-related peptide (NT-pro-BNP) were analyzed. Results: after the training period, notable improvements in various hematological parameters were observed in both groups. In the CEG, there were significant enhancements in red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values. Similarly, the CG also showed substantial improvements in RBC, HCT, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), MCHC, MCH, red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLCR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW). Moreover, in the CEG, serum triglycerides (TG) and maximal oxygen uptake (MaxVO2) exhibited significant increases. Conversely, TG levels decreased in the CG, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and MaxVO2 levels demonstrated substantial elevations. Notably, the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels did not undergo significant changes in either the CEG or the CG following the core exercise program (p > 0.05). However, in the CEG, a meaningful positive correlation was observed between NT-pro-BNP and creatine kinase (CK) levels before and after the core exercise program. Conclusions: the findings emphasized the potential benefits of core training in enhancing specific physiological aspects, such as erythrocyte-related parameters and lipid metabolism, as well as aerobic capacity. Furthermore, the observed correlation between NT-pro-BNP and CK levels in the CEG provides intriguing insights into the unique physiological adaptations of amputee athletes.

Evaluation of whole blood profile as a tool in COVID-19 diagnosis and screening. A cross-sectional study

Backgroung: the COVID-19 epidemic began in December 2019, and the shortage of diagnostic resources has affected the reported data on the number of cases, resulting in variations in reported cases between countries. This situation underscores the necessity for a deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, including blood profiles and potential predictors. Methods: hematological variables were studied in 200 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, before the vaccination period started. We analyzed hemogram parameters: erythrocytes, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit, red cell distribution width (RDW), platelets, mean platelet volume (MPV), leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), up to 9 days after positive result for COVID-19. Results: the positive COVID-19 group presented a higher mean age, as well as a higher frequency of male individuals. Erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit and MCH values were significantly lower, while RDW and PLR showed higher values in the positive group. Leukocytes, neutrophil and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio presented higher values in the positive COVID-19 group. Conclusion: data showed that the hemogram, a low-cost, minimally invasive exam, supports diagnosis and screening of COVID-19, allowing better evaluation of the disease course and assisting medical decisions facing lack of resources in a pandemic situation.

Constructing a novel clinical indicator model to predict the occurrence of thalassemia in pregnancy through machine learning algorithm

Thalassemia is one of the inherited hemoglobin disorders worldwide, resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis, chronic hemolytic anemia, compensatory hemopoietic expansion, hypercoagulability, etc., and when a mother carries the thalassemia gene, the child is more likely to have severe thalassemia. Furthermore, the economic and time costs of genetic testing for thalassemia prevent many thalassemia patients from being diagnosed in time. To solve this problem, we performed least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to analyze the correlation between thalassemia and blood routine indicators containing mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red blood cell (RBC). We then built a nomogram to predict the occurrence of thalassemia, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to verify the prediction efficiency of this model. In total, we obtained 7,621 cases, including 847 thalassemia patients and 6,774 non-thalassemia. Among the 847 thalassemia patients, with a positivity rate of 67.2%, 569 cases were positive for α-thalassemia, and with a rate of 31.5%, 267 cases were positive for β-thalassemia. The remaining 11 cases were positive for both α- and β-thalassemia. Based on machine learning algorithm, we screened four optimal indicators, namely, MCV, MCH, RBC, and MCHC. The AUC value of MCV, MCH, RBC, and MCHC were 0.907, 0.906, 0.796, and 0.795, respectively. Moreover, the AUC value of the prediction model was 0.911. In summary, a novel and effective machine learning model was built to predict thalassemia, which functioned accurately, and may provide new insights for the early screening of thalassemia in the future.

RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH – AN IGNORED BUT EMERGING INDICATOR TO PREDICT ADVERSE EVENTS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

Objectives: Hypertension (HT) is related to the development of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. It is one of the primary causes of long-term morbidity and mortality. Past studies showed that red blood cell (RBC) morphology plays a significant role in inflammatory conditions of HT. Hence, this study was conducted to find association of erythrocyte parameters like RBC distribution width (RDW) with arterial blood pressure in hypertensives. Methods: The study was conducted in two groups: study and control. Fifty hypertensives and 50 normotensives between 40 and 60 years, matching inclusion and exclusion criteria were involved, and blood samples were taken and analyzed. Results: Our study has found significantly low values of mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in the study group. However, the study group shows significantly high RDW values as compared to control group. Conclusion: High RDW values in hypertensives are a strong indicator of RBC abnormality, and it is associated with various vascular complications along with end-organ damage.

Analysis of Short and Long-Term Impacts of Petrochemical Effluents on Cattla Cattla Fish on Neelambur Pond, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

The study aimed to assess the impact of petrochemical effluent on fish blood, examining both short- term and long-term exposure periods to evaluate toxicity stress symptoms in the rapidly evolving petroleum industry. Various biochemical and hematological parameters, along with enzymatic changes, were analyzed by exposing different organs of freshwater fish, C. catla, to the petrochemical effluent. The results indicated a significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) content, red blood cells, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values. Conversely, there was a notable increase in white blood cells (WBC) during the exposure periods compared to the control. Hematological parameters, including Hb, RBC, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and MCH, exhibited fluctuating results, with a consistent decrease observed in both short- term (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours) and long-term (10, 20, and 30 days) exposure periods, suggesting the occurrence of anemia in the exposed fishes due to petrochemical effluent. In the biochemical analysis, exposed fish showed a significant reduction in protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content across all organs, accompanied by increased enzyme activity observed in all organs of freshwater fish, C. catla. Consequently, this survey is instrumental in predicting potential risks to the population and aquatic system.

Hematology in ornamental discus fish Symphysodon discus from Amazonian, Brazil.

Symphysodon discus is known in the world of aquariums for its market value, beauty, and behavior. However, more substantial information about its physiology and biology must be available, which can hinder its development and maintenance in breeding systems. The study evaluated the blood biochemistry and erythrogram of 20 specimens of S. discus captured in the municipality of Barcelos, Amazonas, with an average weight of 89.80 ± 7.13 g and an average length of 13.48 ± 0.55 cm. The erythrogram evaluated variables such as hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Blood biochemistry was analyzed, including cholesterol levels, total proteins, triglycerides, glucose, urea, and chlorides. Intra-specific variations were observed between the surveyed individuals about the Hb, MCV, and MCH values. The values of triglycerides, cholesterol, and chlorides were elevated compared to other cichlids. This study may be useful to serve as a parameter to indicate the normal health conditions of this Amazonian cichlid. It can be applied in studies for ornamental fish farming and actions for managing and conserving the species.

Masere ve Soğuk Pres Susam (Sesamum indicum L.) Yağının, Yüksek Yoğunlukta Stoklanmış Gökkuşağı Alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792)’nın Antioksidan Enzim Aktiviteleri, Hematolojik Parametreleri, Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) Aktivitesi ve Et Verimi Üzerine Etkileri

The study was aimed to determine the effects of macerated sesame oil (MSO) and cold pressed sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil (CPSO) on antioxidant enzyme activities, hematological parameters, nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) activity and proximate composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) at high stocking density. Fish (55.89±2.05 g) were fed diets supplemented with same concentration (%2) of MSO and CPSO for 21 days. It was determined that the values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), platelet (PLT) values of the CPSO and group and the corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-large cell ratio (PLCR), granulocyte (GRAN), nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) levels of the MSO group were increased. It was found that glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities of CPSO groups were rised. The results were statistically significant at P< 0.05 level. In the study, the dry matter ratio increased in each experimental group compared to the control group, the moisture, ash and protein ratio did not change, the fat ratio decreased compared to the control group. Both macerated sesame oil and cold pressed sesame oil could be recommended to alternative food additives.

Hematological and biochemical effect of subcutaneous administration of robenacoxib in different goat breeds

Aim:This study aimedto investigate the effect of robenacoxibonhematological and biochemical parameters in healthy Alpine and Saanen goats 24 hours after subcutaneous administration. Materials and Methods: 12 healthy Alpine (n=6) and Saanen (n=6) breed goats were used. Robenacoxib was administered to Alpine and Saanen goats at a dose of 4 mg/kg once subcutaneously. Blood samples were collected before drug administration (0 hour) and then 24-hours. Hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed using a hematology analyzer and biochemistry auto analyzer, respectively. Results: No change was observed in the clinical examination findings of both goat breeds. Statistical differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were determined within physiological limits in both goat breeds. The white blood cell, red blood cell and lymphocyte values were found to be low, and the monocyte% value was found to be high in Alpine goats. Decreases in red blood cell, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and increases in the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin values were observed at 24-hours in Saanen goats. Robenacoxib increases blood urea nitrogen value in both goat breeds, it decreases creatinine value in Saanen goats. Conclusion: There were no significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters after robenacoxib administrations to Alpine and Saanen goats. Consequently, further studies are needed to investigate the effects of robenacoxib in high-dose and repeated administrations, liver and kidney dysfunctions, different age, breed, and physiological conditions. It was evaluated that robenacoxib could be used as an alternative NSAID to prevent pain and inflammation in goats, since no adverse effect was observed in the blood profile.

Schistosome Infection in the Humanized Mouse Model of Sickle Cell Disease

Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobinopathy due to a single amino acid substitution in the β-chain of hemoglobin (Hb), in which glutamic acid is substituted by valine. The individuals carrying the substitution on both β-chains (HbSS) develop the disease, characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, systemic inflammatory state, and development of acute painful vaso-occlusive crises. Globally distributed, the disease has its highest incidence in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where its superimposes with the distribution of infections by parasitic worms, including schistosomes. However, there is scarcity of the literature on the possible interactions between parasitic worm infections and SCD. Schistosomes are parasitic worms responsible for the disease named schistosomiasis which affects over 240 million people in the world, of which over 90 % are found in SSA. The worms live within the blood vessels of infected individuals where females lay eggs which are strongly immunogenic, causing a systemic type 2 inflammation. The disease is characterized by anemia and the formation of granulomas in the liver and intestines (for Schistosoma mansoni & S. japonicum), leading to hepatic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and hepatosplenomegaly. The overlapping of the clinical features of schistosomiasis and SCD highlights the existence of possible interactions between them in areas where they are both present. Leveraging the humanized mouse model of SCD, the aim of this study is to demonstrate how schistosome infection could affect the pathophysiology of SCD or vice versa. Methods Twenty-five - 28 weeks old male and female Townes (HbAA, HbAS, HbSS) were infected with S. mansoni . Complete blood count was performed before and 8 weeks after infection. Liver and small intestines (ileum) were chemically digested with 4% KOH and eggs counted in the suspension under a microscope. Fecal pellets were also collected and dispersed in 2x PBS and eggs were counted in the suspension as for liver and intestines. Data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism 9.5.1 software by using paired t-test or Wilcoxon test. Genotypes were compared by one-way ANOVA or Kruskall-Wallis tests followed by two-stage linear step-up procedure of Benjamini-Krieger-Yekutieli for the control of false discovery rate. Results Compared to HbAA and HbAS, which did not differ between them, naïve HbSS mice had bigger livers and spleens. This pattern remained even after infection, with infected HbSS having bigger livers and spleens than infected HbAA and HbAS. After the infection, the spleen size increased only in HbAA and HbAS but not in HbSS while liver size increased in all 3 genotypes. Schistosome infection caused a significant increase in the numbers of neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. However, lymphocytes number significantly decreased in HbSS only. Red blood cells (RBCs) number decreased in HbAA and HbAS but not in HbSS. Accordingly, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) increased in HbAA and HbAS, but not in HbSS. The Hb rate was not affected by the infection while the hematocrit slightly decreased only in HbAS. However, while the platelets number decreased only in HbSS, the mean platelet volume (MPV) increased in all 3 genotypes. HbSS mice had fewer total S. mansoni egg number than HbAA and HbAS. This trend was corroborated by the number of eggs in intestinal tissues in which HbSS had fewer eggs than HbAA and HbAS. Although the number of eggs in the liver did not differ significantly between them, HbSS tended to have fewer liver eggs than HbAA and HbAS. All 3 mouse groups excreted similar number of eggs in the feces. Conclusions All 3 genotypes of Townes mice supported the development of S. mansoni worms as illustrated by the presence of eggs in their liver, intestines, and feces, making this model a good model for the study of parasitic worm infections in SCD. Schistosome infection has affected less the RBC components in HbSS as shown by no changes in RBC, Hb, MCV, and MCH values, and by no change in the spleen size. Further investigations are underway.

Do immunomodulatory substances facilitate recovery from stress caused by feed changes in juvenile brown trout (Samo trutta m. fario L.)?

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the influence of feeds with or without β-glucan-based immunomodulatory supplements (groups BF and UB or B and U, respectively; feeding period 14 and 28 days) on the welfare of brown trout. The diets tested did not influence the rearing indices. The type of feed and the feeding period were confirmed to have a significant influence on the white blood cell (WBC) count. WBC counts were lower than those in the initial sample particularly on day 14 of the experiment. Red blood cell (RBC) counts and hematocrit (HCT) were determined by feeding period, and the values of these parameters decreased the longer the tested feeds were applied. These changes were accompanied by increases in the values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Feed type determined levels of chloride ion (Cl-) and ammonia (NH3) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and feeding period affected sodium (Na+) and albumin (ALB) concentrations, while aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity depended on both factors. Changes in leukograms were noted in all the groups, inter alia, significant increases in the share of lymphocytes, and after changing diets, decreases in the percentage of neutrophils, myeloperoxidase activity (AMPO) in phagocytes and cidal ability (CA). After day 28, AMPO and CA values increased and were significantly higher in groups BF and UB.

Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (lour.) spreng leaf in DMBA induced rats

The hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic of Plectranthus amboinicus Lour Spreng leaf extract (PEE) on blood biochemical profiles, non-specific immune system, liver histology were evaluated in rats induced DMBA. Twenty five female rats were divided into five groups, each with 5 rats. The negative control group (NC) received only food and water. The positive control group (PC) administered orally DMBA 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) once every four days for 32 days. The treatment groups received the PEE with three different doses of 175 (T1), 350 (T2), 700 (T3) mg/kg bw, respectively for 27 days after DMBA induction. At the end of the treatment, blood samples were collected to investigate the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, total protein, albumin and globulin as well as the hematological parameter, such as neutrophils, monocyte, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red cell distribution width (RDW) were monitored. The results showed an increased level in ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin in the PC group. However, the T3 group (PEE 700 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease value (p < 0.05) in ALT, ALP, and bilirubin compared to the PC group. Our finding revealed that all PEE treatments had a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the total protein, albumin and globulin compared to the PC group. The neutrophils (18.60 ± 4.64) and monocytes (61.40 ± 4.99) are lowest in the T2 groups as well as the value of MCH, RDW and MCV were significantly alleviated compared to all other groups. Histopathological observation demonstrated that the administration of PEE improved hepatocyte architecture and reduced the number of necrosis and hydrophilic degeneration. In conclusion, PEE has hepatoprotective activity by improving liver function, enhancing the non-specific immune system and recovering histopathological hepatocytes in rats exposed to DMBA.

Improving the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome by red blood cell parameters.

To investigate the value of red blood cell parameters in Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) diagnosis and their relations to MDS subtypes and risk groups. The red blood cell parameter [mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width (RDW)] levels [203 MDS, 99 aplastic anemia (AA), 145 megaloblastic anemia (MA)] were collected from a single-center retrospective cohort. The cut-off values, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of the four parameters were calculated from the ROC. Furthermore, Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's Test were performed to determine erythrocyte parameters in different subtypes and prognostic risks MDS. There are significant statistic differences in RDW (P < 0.001), MCH (P = 0.036) and MCHC (P < 0.001) (MDS vs AA); RDW (P = 0.009), MCV (P < 0.001), MCH (P < 0.001) and MCHC (P = 0.001) (MDS vs MA); MCV (P = 0.011) and MCH (P = 0.008) (higher-risk MDS vs lower-risk MDS). Between MDS and MA, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve (AUC) values of MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW were 0.846, 0.855, 0.617, and 0.593. Between MDS and AA, the AUC values of MCH, MCHC, RDW were 0.609, 0.671, and 0.662, respectively. The red blood cell parameters contribute to the differential diagnosis of MDS, AA and MA and are related to MDS subtypes and risk groups.

Arginine attenuates chronic mountain sickness in rats via microRNA-144-5p.

Hypobaric hypoxia is an environmental stress leading to high-altitude pulmonary hypertension. While high-altitude pulmonary hypertension has been linked to high hematocrit findings (chronic mountain sickness; CMS). The present study is designed to investigate the effect of arginine (ARG) on hypobaric hypoxia-induced CMS of rats. Hypobaric hypoxia resulted in lower body weight, decreased appetite, increased pulmonary artery pressure, and deteriorated lung tissue damage in rats. Red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin values and blood viscosity were increased in rats, which were alleviated by ARG. microRNA (miRNA) microarray analysis was used to filter differentially expressed miRNAs after ARG in rats. miR-144-5p was reduced under hypobaric hypoxia and upregulated by ARG. miR-144-5p silencing aggravated the erythrocytosis and hyperviscosity in rats, and also accentuated tissue damage and excessive accumulation of RBC. The role of miR-144-5p in rats with CMS was achieved by blocking erythropoietin (EPO)/erythropoietin receptor (EPOR). In conclusion, ARG alleviated CMS symptoms in rodents exposed to hypobaric hypoxia by decreasing EPO/EPOR via miR-144-5p.

Correlation Analysis between c.1365-13T>C and c.406C>T Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and the Risk of G6PD Deficiency

To investigate the possible association between c.1365-13T>C, c.406C>T polymorphism and G6PD deficiency in the population of Guangxi by the methods of case-control study. Meanwhile to investigate the mutation frequency of these two gene loci in population of Guangxi. The activity levels of G6PD and c.1365-13T>C, c.406C>T polymorphism were detected in 417 patients with G6PD deficiency and 295 healthy controls. The correlation between genotypes, alleles and G6PD activity levels was analyzed using statistical methods, and the haplotype frequencies at the two loci was analyzed using online SHEsis software. The frequencies of CC genotype (P=0.001, OR=2.684) and C allele (P=0.002, OR=1.681) of c.1365-13T>C in patients with G6PD deficiency were significant lower than those in the controls, the frequency of dominant model TT+TC vs CC（P=0.001, OR=2.694） in the G6PD deficiency group was higher than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. The differences of genotype and allele frequencies in c.406C>T between G6PD deficiency patients and controls had no statistical significance (all P>0.05). Haplotype analysis showed that there were significant correlations between C-C, T-C haplotypes and G6PD expression levels. In G6PD deficiency group, patients with c.1365-13T>C TC genotype had higher levels of G6PD activity, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) compared with patients with TT genogype, but the values of red cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) was lower than those in TT genotype patients, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). While patients with c.1365-13T>C CC genotype had lower levels of G6PD activity compared with patients with TT genogype, but the values of MCV and MCH were higher than those in TT genotype patients (P<0.05). The average values of hematocrit(HCT), MCV, MCH and red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD) in patients with c. 406C> T TT genotype were significantly higher than those in patients with c. 406C> T CC genotype.(all P<0.05). The association between G6PD c.1365-13T>C and the activity levels of G6PD is statistically significant, which is worth further study.

Iron Deficiency may be a Risk Factor for Inguinal Hernia Development in Children.

This case control study aimed to investigate whether the routine hemogram and biochemical parameters of pediatric patients who have undergone surgery for inguinal hernia are associated with the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Eighty cases of inguinal hernia surgery performed between January 2019 and November 2022 were included in the study. A control group was also established using hospital records, consisting of eighty pediatric patients without any known history of hematological or metabolic disease or use of regular medication. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the total hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Htc), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), erythrocyte distribution width (RDW) and thrombocyte (PLT) values in both groups. The age range of the pediatric patients was 1-14 years. Of the eighty children, 47 (58.8%) were male and 33 (41.3%) were female, with a mean age of 5.79±3.26. The values of Hgb, Htc, MCH, MCHC, and MCV in the inguinal hernia patients were found to be statistically significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05). Additionally, the patient RDW values were found to be statistically significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). Compared to the control group, the observed decrease in MCH, MCHC, MCV, Hgb, HTC values, as well as the increase in RDW in patient group, suggests a predisposing effect of iron deficiency. These specific changes suggested that iron deficiency may lead structural changes in the collagen construction and may contribute the etiopathogenesis of childhood inguinal hernia.

BLOOD PROFILE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS TO SWEET ORANGE PEEL SUPPLEMENTED WATER IN A HOT HUMID ENVIRONMENT

This study investigated the effect of sweet orange peel powder (SOPP) supplemented water on the rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and blood profile of broiler chickens raised in a hot humid environment. Day-old Ross broiler chickens (n = 96) were randomly allotted into four treatment groups: Control – without SOPP, 2 g SOPP, 4 g SOPP and 6 g SOPP per litre of water. Three replications of eight birds each per treatment in a completely randomized design were performed. Rectal temperatures were comparable (p &gt; 0.05) among the treatments across the weeks except the third week. Birds on 6 g SOPP had a significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher value (41.32 °C) compared with birds in the control (40.90 °C) and 4 g SOPP (41.00 °C). Respiratory rate was not significantly different (p &gt; 0.05) among treatments across the weeks. Significant (p &lt; 0.05) variations were observed in the red blood cell (RBC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) values at week 4. However, at week 7, heterophil (H), lymphocyte (L), heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (H/L) and RBC were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) different among the treatments. The H/L values were 0.42, 0.40, 0.38 and 0.36 for Control, 2 g SOPP, 4 g SOPP and 6 g SOPP, respectively. Serum biochemical indices examined were comparable among the treatment groups across the weeks. Inclusion of SOPP into drinking water of broiler birds did not adversely affect the birds as observed in the RT, RR and blood profile. Rather it helps the birds in coping with the environmental stress, as observed in the reduced H/L.

Erythrocyte Indices MCV and/or MCH as First Round Screening Followed by Hb-analysis for β-thalassemia Carrier State

BACKGROUND: Being located in the global thalassemia belt area, Indonesia is estimated harboring about 10% thalassemia carriers; however, screening program is still diversely scattered across the country. Numerous erythrocyte indices have been introduced to help identifying thalassemia carriers with contradictory results. Therefore, this study had compared the use of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and/or mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values and the most erythrocyte indices used in Indonesia which were Mentzer Index (MI) and Shine &amp; Lal Index (SLI), as a first attempt in a mass screening for β-thalassemia carrier.METHODS: This was a retrospective study, evaluating laboratory data from family members of thalassemia major subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of MI and SLI were calculated. HbA2 &gt;3.5% was used as a golden standard for β-thalassemia carrier and DNA examination was conducted to confirm β-globin mutation.RESULTS: Out of 160, 28.8% of the subjects had low Hb concentration. Interestingly, 79.4% of the subjects had low MCV and/or MCH with or without low Hb concentration. In this study, specificity and sensitivity of MI were 82.2% and 83.8%, whereas of SLI were 96% and 40.5%, respectively. Low MCV and/or MCH had covered IVS1nt5 and Cd26 mutation at β-globin gene; whereas MI and SLI had missed some samples, leading to false negative of thalassemia carrier results, when using MI or SLI only.CONCLUSION: MCV&lt;80 fl and/or MCH&lt;27 pg is the best first round mass screening method for β-thalassemia carrier in a limited facility area. However, Hb electrophoresis should be gradually installed regionally in various places wherever possible, as well as DNA analysis to confirm the mutation for an optimal carrier diagnosis.KEYWORDS: HbA2, HbE, iron deficiency anemia, Mentzer Index, Shine and Lal Index