Mean Concentrations Of Nickel Research Articles

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Padina gymnospora and Padina tetrastromatica Dictyotaceae, Ochrophyta,) and Sediments of BushehrCoastline (Bushehr Province, Iran)

In the present study, in order to investigate and compare the absorption of heavy metals (nickel, cadmium, lead, and copper) in two algae species, Padina gymnospora Kuetzing Vickers and Padina tetrastromatica Hauck, and in the adjacent sediments along the Bushehr coasts, four sites namely Helilla, Lian, Raphael (burned ship) and Naftkesh were selected for sampling. The sediment and algae sampling was carried out during summer and winter of 2016. After digestion and preparation of samples, an atomic absorption instrument was used to measure the concentration of heavy metals. The mean concentration of Nickel, Cadmium, Lead, and Copper in two samples was measured about 8.91, 1.2, 3.47 and 0.31 μg.g-1 in P. gymnospora, 8.72, 1.15, 3.33 and 0.28 μg.g-1 in P. tetrastromatica and 7.93, 1.61, 2.83 and 0.18 μg.g-1 in studied sediments, respectively. The absorption rate of investigated species and sediments were nickel >copper >lead >cadmium.

Determination of Nickel Concentration in the Breast Milk of Lactating Mothers Living In Hilla City, Babylon, Iraq

Background
 Human milk is the only source of food for infants during the first four to five months of their life. Some chemicals compood can be transferred from the body stores and from blood into the breast milk of a lactating mother.
 Objectives
 To determining and measurements of Nickel leval the human milk and to identify the associations of certain potential variables with the concentrations of these heavy metals.
 Subjects and Methods
 This is a cross-sectional study carried included a milk test by a randomly selected (68) women apparently healthy lactating women, who attended Babylon Maternity & children hospital in Al – Hilla city during the period mid of February through the end of April 2012. Breast milk was collected and analyzed to detect and measure Nickel using atomic absorption. A questionnaire paper was prepared to recorded the demographic variables. Weights and heights were measured to calculate the Body Mass Index.
 Results
 This study revealed that the mean concentrations of Nickel in the human milk was (23.83±15.57 ppb) which was remarkably high as compared with the concentrations reported by other studies done in other countries. The study shows that there was a statistically significant association (p<0.0s) between the high concentrations of Nickel and the followings associates ; living in urban regions ,living near highways , living near industrial regions and drinking river or tap water, being younger (<3oyears of age) or heaver increase weight and being cigarettes smokers. The prevalence rates of lactating mothers with abnormal concentrations of was 99%and 93% respectively indicating the serious environmental pollution in Hilla city.
 Conclusion
 Breast milk of lactating mothers in Hilla city is abnormally contaminated with; Nickel this public health problem need to be addressed.

Determination of nickel and thallium concentration in Cynoglossus arel fish in Musa estuary, Persian Gulf, Iran.

Heavy metals with high bioaccumulation capacity are considered as important contaminants and may be available in high concentrations in environment and biota samples. The main aim of this study was to determine the concentration of nickel and thallium in Cynoglossus arel fish in Musa estuary. Sixty-seven fish samples were collected from Musa estuary during five intervals of 15days in summer 2013. After biometric measurements, the concentrations of nickel and thallium were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean concentration of nickel and thallium in muscle tissue of fish samples was 2.458±0.910 and 0.781±1.754mgkg-1/ww, respectively. The GLM analysis showed a significant negative relationship between nickel concentration and length. In addition, there was a significant positive relationship between thallium concentration and fish length. Nickel concentration exceeded the allowable standards of WHO and FDA in Cynoglossus arel. Therefore, regarding with high consumption of seafood in this region, it is recommended that these fishes should be consumed under a nutritionist counseling.

The measurement of nickel concentration in muscle tissues of Otolithes ruber in Persian Gulf waters, Iran

In order to examine and compare nickel accumulation levels in muscle tissues of Otolithes ruber in Persian Gulf waters (Bushehr province region), sampling the fish was done in both Bushehr and Asalouyeh stations during the summer 2013. After biometry, muscle tissues of the samples were separated and chemical digestion was done. Nickel accumulation levels in tissues were measured by using graphite furnace atomic absorption instrument. Based on the obtained results, mean concentrations of Nickel in muscle tissues were 0.262 ± 0.014 mgkg -1 dw in Bushehr station and 0.293 ± 0.011 mgkg -1 dw in Asalouyeh station, and it indicated no statistically significant differences between the two stations (P>0.05). The obtained concentrations and analysis done indicate that based on the WHO standard, the amount of nickel was higher than the standard levels and its use poses risks to human.

Assessment of pollution trend of heavy metals in soils in the vicinity of Nigerian Gas Company in Ughelli, Delta State

Topsoil and subsoil obtained in the vicinity of the Nigerian Gas Company were digested and analysed for some selected trace metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer of model pye unicam SP 2900. The trace metals determined include nickel, copper, iron, barium, lead, cadmium and zinc respectively. The analytical results obtained revealed that the aforementioned trace metals were detected and metal concentrations were highly varied for both topsoil and subsoil. Soil samples (topsoil and subsoil) showed significant higher metal concentrations when compared with those of the background samples. The mean concentrations of nickel, iron, barium, lead and cadmium in topsoil (0-15 cm) were lower than those values obtained in subsoil (15-30 cm). The results of this study were also compared with other similar studies within Nigeria. The results indicate significant enrichment of trace metals in the studied areas. The metal enrichment reported in this study is traceable to petroleum activities in the Niger Delta region.

Contaminants in Unionid Mussels from the Confluence of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers

Unionid mussels were collected from three mussel beds near the confluence of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers in 2003 to evaluate concentrations of selected elements and organic compounds in three abundant species and to preliminarily investigate the relative contribution of these waterways to observed contaminant burdens. Copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) concentrations were higher and lead (Pb) concentrations were lower in Amblema plicata collected downstream of the confluence than in those collected upstream. Mean concentrations of nickel (Ni), total mercury (Hg), methylmercury (MeHg), Pb, and Zn varied by species. Concentrations of cadmium (Cd) decreased with age in A. plicata from two of three sites. Tissue concentrations of some elements, e.g., arsenic (As), Cd, Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn, were similar to or higher than those previously reported for unionid mussels from areas of contaminated sediment. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in A. plicata were comparable to those collected from the Mississippi River approximately 450 and 900 km upstream from our study sites (Naimo et al. 1992). Although total Hg concentrations we observed were an order of magnitude lower than in that study, MeHg concentrations were above those associated with reductions in soft tissue mass in a study of Elliptio complanata (Salazar et al. 1995). A number of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were detected in A. plicata tissues, with 85% of detections occurring in mussels from downstream of the confluence. Concentrations of individual PCB congeners were ≤33 ng/g ww and the maximum summed PCB congener concentration was 100.2 ng/g ww. Although few persistent pesticides were detected, -hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) was detected in each of the species collected from below the confluence of the two rivers, and in A. plicata collected above it on both the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, at a maximum concentration of 103.5 ng/g ww. Aldrin, δ-HCH and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were detected in few of the specimens collected. The findings of this preliminary investigation suggest that unionid mussels from near the confluence of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers may be at risk of negative health effects of elevated exposure to certain environmental contaminants. Studies examining the health and productivity of unionid mussels from this area appear warranted.

The potential of Berkheya coddii for phytoextraction of nickel, platinum, and palladium contaminated sites

The study involved assessing the potential of the native plant species (Berkheya coddii) for the phytoextraction of nickel, palladium, and platinum contaminated sites. Plant and soil samples were randomly collected from Barberton area, near Agnes mine, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Samples were analysed for total nickel, palladium, and platinum concentrations together with other elements found in the soil and in the plants' roots, and leaves. Soil versus leaves and soil versus roots uptake of these metals by the plant were compared. The mean concentration of nickel in the leaves/canopy was found to be 13,980 ± 10,780 mg kg−1 dry mass, in the roots it was 2046 ± 789 mg kg−1 dry mass, and in the soil it was 1040 ± 686 mg kg−1 dry mass. This resulted in a mean concentration ratio in the leaves to soil of 13.44. The platinum mean concentration in the leaves was 0.22 ± 0.15 mg kg−1 dry mass, in the roots it was 0.14 ± 0.04 mg kg−1 dry mass, and in the soil it was 0.04 ± 0.03 mg kg−1 dry mass. This resulted in a mean concentration ratio in the leaves to soil of 5.5. Palladium was found to have a mean soil concentration of 0.07 ± 0.045 mg kg−1 dry mass. The mean concentrations in the roots and in the leaves were 0.18 ± 0.07 dry mass and 0.71 ± 0.52 mg kg−1 dry mass, respectively. This gave a mean concentration ratio in the leaves to soil of 10.1 for palladium. Other elements that were found to have a mean concentration ratio in the leaves to soil of around 2.5 or above are sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sulfur. Berkheya coddii was found to be most efficient in accumulating nickel, palladium, and platinum from the soil. The results for the first time revealed that the plant may have the potential to uptake platinum and palladium; both metals are in the same group of the periodic table as nickel.

Effects of marathon running on the trace minerals chromium, cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum

AbstractThere is considerable debate on the effects of endurance stress on concentrations of trace minerals and as to whether athletes, who restrict calories to maintain low body weights, could comprise their trace mineral levels. In a prospective study, the effect of running a marathon course on whole blood levels of chromium, cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum was evaluated. Blood samples of 13 test runners (2 females, 11 males) were obtained twice before, immediately after, and 1 week after running a marathon. The analyses of the concentrations in whole blood were performed using graphite tube atom absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The chromium level of the samples ranged between 1.3 ng/g and 19.3 ng/g. Mean chromium concentrations were elevated before and immediately after the marathon (4.3–7.4 ng/g) and decreased to an average of 2.7 ng/g after the marathon course. The difference between chromium concentrations obtained immediately after and 1 week after the marathon course was significant. Levels of chromium exhibited a high variability; however, the percentage of concentrations below the detection limit was 0%. Similarly, owing to different individual response to strenuous exercise, concentrations of nickel, molybdenum, and cobalt were highly variable, exceeding normal limits by 47.3%, 25.1%, and 4.6%, respectively. Mean concentrations of nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum ranged from 4.3–22.7 ng/g (Ni), 0.16–2.2 ng/g (Co), and 0.2–0.7 ng/g (Mo); the difference was not significant at any time. The current study was able to show that running a marathon course does not lead to significant changes in the whole blood levels of cobalt, nickel and molybdenum. Chromium levels, however, were significantly decreased immediately after the marathon course, a finding that corresponds well with previous observations of increased mobilization of chromium from body stores and subsequently elevated serum levels. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 15:201–209, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Nickel content in raw cow's, ewe's and goat's milk

Changes in concentrations of nickel present in cow's, ewe's and goat's milk were stud- ied monthly (n = 360 sampi es) by using graphite fumace atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean concentrations of nickel are 15.0 ± 3.81, 18.6 ± 2.50 and 13.6 ± 2.46 ug-kg ' of fresh weight for cow's, ewe's and goat's milk respectively. Two-factor (species and time period) variance analyses were made on the three types ofmilk investigated and Tuckey's mean homogeneity test (P < 0.05) was also carried out for the formation of homogeneous groups per species for nickel content. Significant changes (P < 0.001) were determined over time in the nickel content of the three species studied and two homogeneous groups were formed, one for cow's and goat's milk and an other for ewe's milk with the higher nickel content. For the three species, the monthly changes of the nickel content corre- spond to a mathematical model of )Cd grade and these models cannot be utilised to make predic- tions over time. © Inra/Elsevier, Paris. raw milk ! nickel! graphite furnace absorption atomic spectrometry

Nickel and vanadium in air particulates at Dhahran (Saudi Arabia) during and after the Kuwait oil fires

Abstract Air particulates, both the total suspended (TSP) and inhalable (PM 10 , smaller than 10 microns in size), were collected during and after the Kuwait oil fires (from March 1991 to July 1992) using Hi-Vol samplers. These samples were wet-digested at 120°C in an aqua regia and perchloric acids mixture for 3 h. Air particulate samples collected in 1982 at the same location were prepared similarly. Concentrations of nickel and vanadium were determined in the aliquot samples using an inductively coupled argon plasma analyser (ICAP). The monthly mean concentrations of nickel and vanadium, on volume basis, increased rapidly from March to June and decreased sharply during July–August in 1991. The minimum mean concentrations of these elements were found in the particulate samples collected in December 1991 which gradually increased through May 1992. Like 1991, nickel and vanadium concentrations in the air particulates spiked in June and decreased again in July 1992. This distribution pattern of nickel and vanadium concentrations was similar to that of the predominant wind from the north (Kuwait). In general, concentrations of these elements were higher in the air particulates collected during April–July 1991 as compared with those collected in 1992 during the same period. The TSPs contained higher concentrations of nickel and vanadium than those found in the PM 10 samples. However, this trend was reversed when concentrations of nickel and vanadium, on were expressed on particulate weight basis. The monthly mean concentrations of nickel and vanadium, on weight basis, decreased gradually through 1991 and increased slightly from March to July 1992. Concentrations of these elements were significantly higher in the air particulate samples collected in 1991 than those samples collected during 1982 at the same location. The data of this study suggest a contribution of the Kuwait oil fires in elevating nickel and vanadium concentrations in the air particulates at Dhahran during April–July 1991. Concentrations of these elements were largely below their proposed limits in the ambient air (for nickel-50 μg m −3 , air; for vanadium—1 μg m −3 air). It is, therefore, anticipated that concentrations of nickel and vanadium in the air particulate samples were not a health concern during Kuwait oil fires at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

Nickel content of human palatine tonsils: analysis of small tissue samples by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

We describe a method for determining the nickel content of small tissue samples by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry in this case biopsy specimens from human palatine tonsils. Contact between tissue samples and metallic objects was avoided, except for the use of biopsy forceps (Type No. 8150.00 Wolf, stainless steel) for collecting samples, to imitate the actual procedure when small biopsy specimens are removed from the nasal mucosal membranes in nickel workers for histopathological and chemical investigations. Nickel contamination from this instrument was insignificant at the precision of the present procedures. The mean concentration of nickel in 15 tonsils was 13.5 +/- 7.0 (SD) microng/100g (wet wt). The mean nickel concentration in eight different samples of the same tonsil was 5.6 +/- 2.7 (SD microng/100 g.

Trace Metals in the Waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence

Concentrations of the trace elements iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead were measured in samples collected from the waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Cobalt, cadmium, and lead occurred at or below the detection limits of the analytical method. The mean concentrations of nickel, copper, and zinc were 0.4 μgl−1. 0.6 μgl−1 and 1.8 μgl−1 respectively, and there was no evidence that local conditions influence their distribution. The distribution of dissolved and colloidal iron is related to dilution and precipitation processes which occur as fresh and saline waters are mixed. The particulate iron distribution is largely governed by water circulation patterns and settling.

Abnormal Concentrations of Nickel in Serum in Cases of Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, Burns, Hepatic Cirrhosis, and Uremia

Abstract Nickel concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in sera. The mean concentration of nickel in sera of 47 healthy adults was 2.6 SD ± 0.8) µg/liter. Abnormally high mean concentrations (µg/liter) of serum nickel were found in patients with: (a) acute myocardial infarction (13-36 h after onset), mean = 5.2 ± 2.8, N = 33, P &amp;lt;0.001; (b) acute stroke (37-72 h after onset), mean = 4.5, N = 12, P &amp;lt;0.005; and (c) acute burns (&amp;gt;25% body surface, 37-72 h after injury), mean = 7.2, N = 3, range = 4.1-10.9. Diminished mean concentrations of serum nickel were found in patients with: (a) hepatic cirrhosis, mean = 1.6 ± 0.8, N = 18, P &amp;lt;0.005; and (b) chronic uremia, mean = 1.7 ± 0.7, N = 12, P = &amp;lt;0.005. Normal mean concentrations of serum nickel were found in patients with: (a) acute myocardial ischemia without infarction (13-36 h after onset), mean = 3.3 ± 1.6, N = 22; (b) acute trauma with fractured bones (13-36 h after injury), mean = 2.7 ± 0.9, N = 19; (c) acute delirium tremens (13-36 h after admission), mean = 2.3 ± 0.9, N = 25; and (d) muscular dystrophy, mean = 2.3 ± 1.4, N = 10. In sera collected from 12 mothers immediately after normal delivery, the mean concentration of nickel was 3.0 ± 1.2 µg/liter, the same values as for sera from the umbilical cords of their 12 full-term infants.

Spectrophotometric Measurements of Serum Nickel

Abstract An ultraviolet spectrophotometric procedure has been developed for the measurement of serum nickel. Samples of serum are lyophilized and the dry residues are subjected to acid digestion. Nickel is separated from interfering elements by chloroform extraction of nickel dimethylglyoximate at alkaline pH. Nickel is converted to the diethyldithiocarbamate complex and is extracted with isoamyl alcohol. The absorbance of nickel bisdiethyldithiocarbamate is measured as the difference between the absorbance maximum (325 mµ) and the absorbances at 2 background wave lengths (295 and 355 mµ). The concentrations and volumes of the reagents have been adjusted in order to achieve a sensitivity of 0.002 ppm (2 µg/L.). The recovery of 2.5 µg. of nickel added to 8 samples of serum averaged 104% (S.D. ± 8), with a range from 91 to 115%. The mean concentration of nickel in serum from 23 normal subjects was 2.2 µg/100 ml. (S.D. ± 1.8), with a range from 0.1 to 7.7 µg/100 ml. The median concentration of serum nickel was 1.7 µg/100 ml.