Mean Choroidal Vascularity Index Research Articles

The relationship between epicardial adipose tissue and choroidal vascularity index in patients with hypertension.

The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) is a method that measures the density of blood vessels in the choroidal layer and can be used to evaluate the effects of hypertension. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and CVI in patients with hypertension. This prospective study included 112 patients diagnosed with hypertension and 120 healthy individuals. Patients' demographic data such as age, gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and presence of coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus were recorded. BMI was calculated by dividing a patient's weight in kilograms by their height in metres squared. EFT was measured by echocardiography and CVI was calculated using the optical coherence tomography method. The mean CVI was found to be 66.57 ± 2.21 in the patient group and 69.22 ± 2.39 in the control group and the difference was significant (p < 0.001). The mean EFT was found to be 5.23 ± 3.25 mm in the patients and 2.57 ± 1.97 mm in the control group and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.003). According to Spearman's correlation analysis, there was a significant positive correlation between BMI and EFT (r = 0.379, p < 0.001) and a significant negative correlation between CVI and EFT (r = -0.412, p < 0.001). The CVI value was significantly lower and the EFT value was significantly higher in patients with hypertension compared to non-hypertensive patients. There was a significant positive correlation between EFT and BMI and a significant negative correlation between EFT and CVI.

Effects of posterior staphyloma on choroidal structure in myopic adults: a retrospective study

BackgroundStudies on the choroid of myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma have shown that choroidal thickness decreased. This retrospective study further analysed the effects of posterior scleral staphyloma on choroidal blood vessels and matrix components compared to non-pathological myopia.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, ninety-one eyes were divided into pathological (posterior staphyloma) and non-pathological myopia. The latter was further divided into three groups (Group 1: 26 mm ≤ axial length; Group 2: 24 mm ≤ axial length < 26 mm; Group 3: 22 mm ≤ axial length < 24 mm). Choroidal thickness, total choroidal area, luminal area, stromal area, and choroidal vascularity index were calculated.ResultsThe CVI in N1, N2, I1, S2 of the posterior staphyloma group were lower than those of group 1 (both P < 0.05). The mean height of posterior staphyloma was associated with mean CT (Pearson correlation: r = -0.578, P = 0.039) but not with the mean CVI in posterior staphyloma group. In all groups, the mean choroidal thickness, total choroidal area, luminal area, and stromal area were significantly associated with axial length (P < 0.001), and the mean choroidal vascularity index was significantly associated with the mean choroidal thickness (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe choroidal structure of pathological myopia with posterior staphyloma and non-pathological myopia with longer axial length demonstrates alterations in which choroidal vessels are more impaired than the stroma. A lower choroidal vascularity index should be alert to pathological changes for myopia with axial length > 26 mm.

Comparative assessment of choroidal thickness and choroidal vascularity index in patients with restless legs syndrome

BackgroundIncreased sympathetic activity has been emphasized in the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome (RLS). This study aims to evaluate the choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) values of individuals with RLS. MethodsA total of 60 volunteers, 30 individuals with RLS and 30 healthy individuals, were included in the study. The central macular thickness, subfoveal CT, and the CTs 1000 μm away from the fovea in the temporal and nasal regions were measured by optical coherence tomography. Total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA) and stromal area (SA) were calculated using the binarization method. CVI was calculated as the ratio of lumen area to total choroidal area (LA/TCA). ResultsThere was no significant difference between the participants in terms of age, gender, spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, and axial length (p>0.05). The mean LA/SA was 1.56%±0.05 in RLS group and 1.99%±0.28 in the control group. The mean CVI was 0.64%±0.02% in RLS group and 0.66%±0.03 in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of CT, TCA and LA values. There were significant differences between the groups in SA, LA/SA and CVI values (p = 0.017, p<0.001, and p = 0.004, respectively). ConclusionSA values were significantly higher in RLS group than in control group. The LA/SA and CVI values were significantly lower in RLS group than in control group. These findings suggests that there is vascular narrowing due to sympathetic overactivity in RLS patients.

Choroidal vascularity index as an activity criterion and a treatment response measure in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

This study aimed to evaluate the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) as an activity criterion in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and as a measure of treatment response after full-dose-full-fluence photodynamic therapy (fd-ff-PDT). This fellow-eye-controlled, retrospective cohort study included 23 patients with unilateral chronic CSC treated with fd-ff-PDT (6 mg/m2 ; 50 μcm2 ; 83 s). Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT, μm) and CVI (%) of the affected and fellow eyes at baseline as well as at 1, 3 and 6 months after fd-ff-PDT were compared. The patients' mean age was 43.4 ± 7.3 years, and 18 (78.3%) were male. CVI was comparable between the affected and fellow eyes at baseline (66.09 ± 1.56 vs. 65.84 ± 1.57, p = 0.59). However, it became significantly lower in the affected eyes 1 (64.45 ± 1.68 vs. 65.87 ± 1.19, p = 0.002), 3 (64.21 ± 2.08 vs. 65.71 ± 1.59, p = 0.009) and 6 (64.47 ± 2.19 vs. 65.62 ± 1.52, p = 0.045) months after fd-ff-PDT. The mean SFCT and the mean CVI were significantly decreased in the affected eyes at all follow-up visits compared with baseline after fd-ff-PDT (p < 0.001). At baseline, CVI was comparable between affected and fellow eyes. Therefore, its use as an activity criterion in chronic CSC patients is questionable. However, it was significantly decreased in fd-ff-PDT-treated eyes, supporting its role as a measure of treatment response in chronic CSC.

Choroidal Circulation in 8- to 30-Year-Old Chinese, Measured by SS-OCT/OCTA: Relations to Age, Axial Length, and Choroidal Thickness.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and explore the determinants of choroidal vascularity and choriocapillaris perfusion in a Chinese population aged 8 to 30 years old. Three hundred eighty eyes from 380 subjects aged 8 to 30 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Submacular choroidal thickness (ChT), total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), and choriocapillaris flow deficit (CcFD) were estimated using images obtained from optical coherence tomography (OCT). In this population, the mean ChT was 260.4 ± 63.3 µm, TCA was 1.56 ± 0.38 mm2, LA was 0.94 ± 0.25 mm2, and SA was 0.62 ± 0.15 mm2. The mean CVI was 60.25 ± 3.21% and CcFD was 11.95 ± 1.98%. Multivariable analyses showed that higher CVI and LA was associated with older age, thicker ChT, and shorter AL; and lower CcFD was associated with shorter AL. However, the associations were not uniformly rectilinear between CcFD and age. Specifically, CcFD was positively associated with age in subjects ≤19 years old and negatively associated with age in subjects >19 years old. Development of the choroidal medium- and large-sized vascular layers and choriocapillaris was different across patients aged 8 to 30 years old. Greater axial length was associated with attenuated choroidal circulation. Choroidal thickness correlated well with choroidal vascularity, but not with choriocapillaris perfusion. Further comprehensive and longitudinal assessment of choroidal vasculature and choriocapillaris perfusion will help greatly to understand the physiological and pathological mechanisms responsible for myopia.

Choroidal vascular index in cystoid macular edema associated with retinitis pigmentosa

BackgroundRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited degenerative disease characterized by night blindness (nyctalopia), visual field defects, and varying degrees of vision loss. Choroid tissue has an essential role in the pathophysiology of many chorioretinal diseases. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) is a choroidal parameter obtained as the ratio of the luminal choroidal area to the total choroidal area. The study aimed to compare the CVI of RP patients with and without CME with each other and with healthy individualsAU: Please confirm that the provided email ''ademoztel@hotmail.com" is the correct address for official communication, else provide an alternate e-mail address to replace the existing one.. MethodsA retrospective, comparative study of 76 eyes of 76 RP patients and 60 right eyes of 60 healthy subjects was conducted. The patients were divided into two groups: those with and those without cystoid macular edema (CME). The images were obtained using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). CVI was calculated by using the binarization method with ImageJ software. ResultsThe mean CVI was significantly lower in RP patients compared to the control group (0.61±0.05 and 0.65±0.02, respectively, p<0.01). The mean CVI in RP patients with CME was significantly lower than in those without CME (0.60±0.54 and 0.63±0.35, respectively, p=0.01) The CVI was positively correlated with subfoveal choroidal thickness (r=0.74, p=0.001), central macular thickness (r=0.27, p<0.001) and visual acuity (logMAR) (r=-0.23 p=0.03) in RP patients. ConclusionsThe CVI is lower in RP patients with CME than in patients without CME and in RP patients compared to healthy subjects, indicating an ocular vascular involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease and the pathogenesis of RP-associated cystoid macular edema.

Evaluation of choroidal vascularity index in systemic sclerosis patients.

To investigate the comparison of choroidal vascularity index (CVI) between patients with systemic sclerosis and healthy individuals. This study was designed prospective non-randomized cross-sectional study. Eighty-six eyes (43 patients) with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc), 60 eyes (30 patients) with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) and 60 eyes (30 subjects) of age-and sex-matched healthy individuals were recruited. Subfoveal choroidal thickness, CVI and modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) were evaluated. Enhanced depth imaging- optical coherence tomography scans were binarized using Niblack's autolocal threshold and CVI was determined as the luminal choroidal area/total choroidal area ratio. The mean CCT values were 268.00±68.59 µm, 286.90±70.88 µm, 321.73±94.13 µm in lcSSc group, dcSSc group and control group, respectively. The mean CVI was 61.84±2.84% in lcSSc group, 54.62±5.84% in dcSSc group and 62.41±4.13% in control group (p=0.001). The mean CVI of the SSc patients was 58.91±5.58 and there was significant difference between control group (p<0.001). The mean mRSS was 3.84±2.50 in lcSSc group and 14.07±6.81 in dcSSc group (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between mRSS and CVI (r=-0.448, p<0.001) CONCLUSION: Choroidal vascularity index provides valuable information to monitor the disease progression and lower CVI values seem to be related to the disease severity in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Association of the choroidal vascularity index with myopic traction maculopathy: A preliminary case-series report

The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) is derived from the novel technique of assessing the choroidal vasculature by quantifying vascular flow using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Several retinal and choroidal diseases have been characterized using this index. However, no study has established the association of CVI with myopic traction maculopathy (MTM). This study aimed to investigate the association of CVI with different stages of surgically resolved MTM. We performed a consecutive, interventional, one-surgeon, and case-series study of 6 eyes of six patients enrolled between April 2017 and June 2022. One normal emmetropic eye (emmetropic control), one healthy myopic vision (healthy myopic control), and four surgically resolved myopic eyes at different stages of MTM (surgery group) were evaluated using OCT. The OCT images were binarized, and the total choroidal area (TCA, mm2), vascular luminal area (LA, mm2), and choroidal stromal area (SCA, mm2) were quantified using ImageJ software. The CVI (%) was calculated as the ratio of LA to TCA. The primary outcome measure was the association of the CVI with the best-corrected visual acuity in either of the study eyes. The baseline patient characteristics were similar (P &gt; 0.05), except for visual acuity, which was better in the control eyes (P &lt; 0.05). The CVI was 68.2% in the emmetropic control eye and 61.5% in the healthy myopic vision, whereas the mean CVI in the surgical group was 47.8% (40.9–53.3, min to max) (P = 0.07).

Choroidal vascularity index (CVI)-Net-based automatic assessment of diabetic retinopathy severity using CVI in optical coherence tomography images.

A deep learning model called choroidal vascularity index (CVI)-Net is proposed to automatically segment the choroid layer and its vessels in overall optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. Clinical parameters are then automatically quantified to determine structural and vascular changes in the choroid with the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity. The study includes 65 eyes consisting of 34 with proliferative DR (PDR), 17 with nonproliferative DR (NPDR), and 14 healthy controls from two OCT systems. On a dataset of 396 OCT B-scan images with manually annotated ground truths, overall Dice coefficients of 96.6 ± 1.5 and 89.1 ± 3.1 are obtained by CVI-Net for the choroid layer and vessel segmentation, respectively. The mean CVI values among the normal, NPDR, and PDR groups are consistent with reported outcomes. Statistical results indicate that CVI shows a significant negative correlation with DR severity level, and this correlation is independent of changes in other physiological parameters.

A Comparative Study of Choroidal Vascular and Structural Characteristics of Typical Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy and Polypoidal Choroidal Neovascularization: OCTA-Based Evaluation of Intervortex Venous Anastomosis

The aim of this study was to compare the choroidal characteristics of typical polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (T-PCV) and polypoidal choroidal neovascularization (P-CNV) cases, and to investigate the presence of intervortex venous anastomoses in these PCV subtypes by using en face optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). A total of 35 eyes of 33 PCV cases were included. The PCV cases were divided into T-PCV and P-CNV groups. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was calculated. En face OCTA images were evaluated for the presence of intervortex venous anastomoses. The diameter of the largest anastomotic Haller vessel was measured. T-PCV cases had significantly higher mean CVI values (73.9 ± 3.7 vs. 70.8 ± 4.5%) than P-CNV cases (p = 0.039). Intervortex venous anastomoses were observed in 85.7% of T-PCV eyes and in 91.7% of P-CNV eyes on en face OCTA (p = 1.000). In the cases with intervortex venous anastomosis, the mean diameter of the largest anastomotic vessel on en face OCTA was 341.2 ± 109.1 µm in the T-PCV and 280.4 ± 68.4 µm in the P-CNV group (p = 0.048). The higher CVI value in T-PCV may be an important feature concerning the pathogenesis and classification of PCV. Although there was no difference between the two subtypes in terms of intervortex anastomosis, more dilated anastomotic vessels were observed in the T-PCV.

How does Covid-19 affect the choroidal structures at the early post-infectious period?

To evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in patients recovered from COVID-19 using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in the early postinfectious period. Sixty-five patients recovered from COVID-19 and 72 healthy subjects were included in the study. A full ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp biomicroscopy, and dilated fundus examination was performed. CT was measured at 3 points as follows: subfoveal, 1000μm nasal and temporal to the fovea. The total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and CVI were measured with Image-J. The mean age was 39.09±11.27 years in the COVID-19 group and 39.61±11.43 years in the control group. The mean time from the first positive RT-PCR was 49.54±26.82 days (range 18-120) in the COVID-19 group. No statistically significant difference was detected between the groups with regard to axial length, spherical equivalent, and BCVA (all P>0.05). CT was found to be lower in the COVID-19 group compared to the control group in all quadrants, but this difference was not significant (all P>0.05). The mean TCA, LA, and CVI were statistically significantly reduced in the COVID-19 group (all P<0.001); however, SA showed no statistically significant difference (P=0.064). In asymptomatic or mild COVID-19, CVI and LA decrease significantly, while CT thins in the early postinfectious period but not significantly.

Are choroidal vascularity parameters influenced by age, hypertension and visual acuity in pachychoroid spectrum diseases?

AbstractPurpose: To identify correlations of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) with age and best corrected visual acuity in eyes with pachychoroid spectrum diseases (PSD) and their association to systemic hypertension using a retrospective study design.Methods: Our study included 82 eyes of 45 patients with PSD: 15 eyes had uncomplicated pachychoroid (UCP), 27 had pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE), 32 had central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and 8 had pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV). All patients underwent DRI TRITON Swept‐Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS‐OCT). A 1500 mm width subfoveal choroidal area was defined in SS‐OCT B‐scans and divided into luminal area (LA) and stromal area (SA) by the imageJ binarization technique. CVI was defined as the ratio of LA to the total subfoveal choroidal area (TCA).Results: The mean SFCT was 393, 23 ± 95, 65 μm and it was correlated negatively with age (p = 0.003, R = −0.326). We found a negative correlation of TCA and LA with age (p = 0.043, r = −0.227, p = 0.04, r = −0.230). Mean choroidal vascularity index was 64.45 ± 2, 74% with no correlation with age (p = 0.169, R = −0.155). No parameter among SFCT, CVI, TCA, LA and SA had a significant correlation with BCVA or spherical equivalent. Patients with essential hypertension were found to have significantly thinner SFCT when compared with healthy controls (374, 49 ± 83 141 μm vs. 423, 98 ± 130 466 μm, p = 0.046). CVI was not affected by a history of systemic hypertension (64.05 ± 1.97 vs. 64.83 ± 3.3, p = 0.207). The total choroidal area, luminal area, and stromal area, as well as the CVI correlated with SFCT (p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.817, p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.821, p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.750 and p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.371 respectively).Conclusions: SFCT and CVI are dynamic parameters that are affected in patients with pachychoroid diseases. Unlike CVI, SFCT is also affected by age, ocular and systemic factors like hypertension. CVI may be a more specific biomarker for PSD.

Choroidal structural changes in airline pilots and cabin crew.

To analyze the differences in terms of choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and choroidal thickness (CT) between the airline pilots-cabin crew and the normal population. In this prospective study, 50 airline pilots-cabin crew (study group) and 50 healthy individuals (control group) were included for comparison. For each participant, one eye, the eye with the higher OCT scan score index, was enrolled. Subfoveal CT and CVI were measured using a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system with enhanced depth imaging. There were no significant differences in terms of age and sex between the study and control groups. The mean CT was 368.5 ± 79.6 in the control group vs. 424.9 ± 80.7 in the study group (p = 0.001). CT was significantly thicker in the study group. The mean CVI was 64.3 ± 1.5 in the control group and 66 ± 3.1 in the study group (p = 0.5). There was no significant correlation between the study and control groups in terms of CVI. Airline pilots-cabin crew had thicker CT, but there were no differences in CVI when they were compared with healthy subjects. The effect of unique occupational exposures of airline pilots-cabin crew to the pathophysiology of choroidal structural alterations needs further investigation.

Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Choroidal Structural Analysis and Vascularity Index in Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy.

This study investigated choroidal structural changes on optical coherence tomography (OCT) using choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD). This retrospective case control study included 78 patients with BVMD of different clinical stages and 242 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Subfoveal OCT scans were analysed. Total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA) and CT were measured after image segmentation and binarization. CVI, a novel marker for choroidal angioarchitecture, was defined as the ratio of LA to TCA. CVI and CT were compared between BVMD and control group, as well as among the BVMD subgroups. Mean CVI was lower in eyes with BVMD (65.0 ± 3.5%) compared to that in control eyes (67.5 ± 3.9%) and this was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in subfoveal CT between BVMD (302.88 ± 81.68μm) and control (309.31 ± 65.46μm) eyes (p = 0.4799). In the subgroup analysis, all stages of BVMD showed lower CVI compared to control while SFCT remained similar. Within the BVMD subgroups, CVI and subfoveal CT did not differ significantly and both were not shown to be associated with visual acuity. Decreased CVI was shown in eyes with BVMD compared to control eyes, while no significant difference in subfoveal CT was seen. CVI may be helpful in the understanding of choroidal pathology in BVMD.

Choroidal and retinal anatomical response following treatment of carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms with flow diverter stents

BackgroundFlow diverter stents(FDSs) are recent additions to the endovascular armament for treating ophthalmic segment aneurysms(OSA). In our study we evaluated the long-term effect of FDS placement on multiple Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT) findings, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) and intra-ocular pressure(IOP). MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in 35 patients treated with a single FDS placement for OSA, between 2013 and 2018. Spectral-domain OCT was used to measure retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, ganglion cell complex thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT), and other stereometric parameters. Choroidal Vascularity Index(CVI) in a 1.5 mm wide subfoveal choroidal area was calculated. BCVA and IOP were also assessed. These measurements, at final follow up, were compared to the untreated fellow eye to evaluate the long-term effect of FDS placement. ResultsThis study included 70 eyes from 35 patients (100% female) with a mean age of 54.9 ± 9.8 years and mean follow-up period of 37.3 ± 18.9 months. No ophthalmic artery occlusion was encountered. The mean CVI was significantly higher in the stented side compared to the fellow normal eye (66.90±1.95 vs 65.05±1.93, p=.001) while mean SFCT was significantly reduced (251.23±68.54 vs 288.78±78.95, p=.037). Differences in the remaining studied parameters did not reach statistical significance. The difference in BCVA between stented and fellow normal eyes was also not significant (0.057±0.213 vs 0.060±0.214, p=.977 in logMAR). ConclusionTreatment with FDSs did not cause permanent visual damage. This study is the first to report a decrease in SFCT with a compensatory increase in CVI following FDS placement for OSA.

The Effect of Latanoprost on Choroidal Vascularity Index in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension.

The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) is a new marker for the choroid. The decrease in CVI following latanoprost use can provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the posterior segment side effects of latanoprost such as cystoid macular edema and central serous choroidopathy. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the changes in the CVI, total choroidal area (TCA), stromal area (SA), luminal area (LA), and choroidal thickness (CT) following latanoprost therapy in patients with primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Patients with newly diagnosed primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who had never received antiglaucoma therapy were included. Each patient received latanoprost 0.005% once daily. Enhanced depth imaging mode of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans was taken before the start of latanoprost therapy and in the first and third months. Subfoveal CT, CVI, TCA, LA, and SA for the submacular area, and 4 quadrants of the peripapillary area were calculated from the scans. A total of 36 eyes of 18 patients were analyzed. Subfoveal CT increased significantly ( P =0.007). Mean TCA ( P =0.008) and SA ( P <0.001) in the first and third months were higher than baseline in the submacular regions. Mean CVI was lower in the first and third months ( P <0.001). There was an increase in the mean TCA and SA in the peripapillary temporal ( P =0.001 and 0.028) and inferior ( P =0.002 and <0.001) quadrants and a decrease in mean CVI in the temporal ( P =0.027) and inferior ( P =0.003) peripapillary quadrants. A negative correlation was found between the rate of decrease in intraocular pressure and the macular region CVI. Following latanoprost use for several months, the CVI was significantly decreased in newly treated patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension, among other changes to the choroid. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the effects of prostaglandins on the posterior segment of the eye.

Choroidal vascularity index after a single dose of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in patients with refractory diabetic macular oedema

PurposeTo evaluate choroidal vascularity index (CVI) after a single dose of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in refractory diabetic macular oedema (DME). MethodsTotal choroidal area, luminal area, and CVI were measured at baseline, 1st month, and at 3rd month after dexamethasone implant using binarization of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) images. ResultsA total of 25 eyes of 25 patients (mean age: 61.4 ± 8.3 years; 12 males, 13 females), were enroled in the study. All eyes had been previously treated with intravitreal aflibercept injections (mean number of injections 4.6 ± 2.5). Mean CVI was 70.3 ± 8.1 prior to intravitreal dexamethasone treatment. It was decreased to 66.1 ± 9.3 at 1 month and 63.5 ± 10.1 at 3 months after treatment. The mean CVI was significantly decreased at 3 months compared with pre-treatment measures (p = 0.033). ConclusionCVI was found to be decreased in patients who responded to intravitreal dexamethasone implant.

Correlation between choroidal vascularity index, flow pattern and neovascular activity in treatment naive eyes of age related macular degeneration

: To study the correlation between choroidal vascularity index, flow pattern and neovascular activity in treatment naive eyes of age related macular degeneration.: Cross-sectional analysis of 46 treatment naive eyes diagnosed with exudative age related macular degeneration. All patients underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and OCTA. The Choroidal Vascularity Index (CVI) and OCTA vascular features at initial and last visit were analyzed after anti vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. These changes were correlated with the disease activity on SD-OCT and OCTA.: Mean age was 66.34 ± 7.2 years. Mean sub foveal choroidal thickness was 215.39±102.378 µm at baseline and 198.42±101.049 µm at 3 months (p=0.07). The mean CVI was 63.73±5.28% at baseline &amp; 64.59±4.87% at 3 months (p=0.754). Pattern of network on OCTA was sea-fan in 20(43.5%), medusa head in 8(17.4%), indistinct in 18(39.1%) at baseline and sea-fan in 6(13%), medusa head in 6(13%), indistinct in 28(60.9%) and mixed in 6(13%) at 3 months. The signs of activity on OCT changes after 3 months (p =0.001).On OCTA 36 eyes had active network at baseline &amp; 34 eyes had inactive network at the last follow up (p=0.001).: Choroidal vascularity Index showed no correlation with various patterns of CNV and showed no significant change with anti VEGF treatment. Post treatment network patterns showed no significant correlation with the OCT activity even though the OCTA showed an active network.

Choroidal vascularity index change in macular telangiectasia type 2.

PurposeTo analyze choroidal structure using subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in Macular Telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2.MethodsMedical records of 43 eyes with MacTel type 2 and 30 sex and age-matched healthy eyes were retrospectively reviewed. Their SFCT and CVI were measured using the SS-OCT scan passing through the central fovea and image binarization. The difference in baseline SFCT and CVI from each group and their yearly changes up to second year of follow up were analyzed. The baseline characteristics of the groups were also compared.ResultsThe baseline characteristics, including CVI and SFCT, of the MacTel group and the control group were not significantly different, except for BCVA. The mean CVI of MacTel group were 64.59 ± 2.92%, 63.76 ± 2.67%, and 62.97 ± 2.74% (p < 0.001) whereas that of control group were 63.33 ± 2.45%, 63.04 ± 2.46%, and 63.43 ± 2.25% (p = 0.636) at baseline, 1 and 2 years, respectively. The mean SFCT of MacTel group were 324.65 ± 89.65μm, 326.14 ± 93.11μm, and 322.65 ± 91.77μm (p = 0.436), whereas that of control group were 304.30 ± 51.86 μm, 300.86 ± 52.64μm, and 298.55 ± 53.71μm (p = 0.275) at baseline, 1 and 2 years, respectively.ConclusionCVI decreases at a faster rate in MacTel type 2 in comparison with healthy subjects. This may suggest possible choroidal involvement in the progression of MacTel type 2.

Analysis of choroidal vascularity index in multiple sclerosis patients without optic neuritis attack

BackgroundTo evaluate the choroidal structural changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients without previous optic neuritis (ON) attacks. MethodsForty eyes of 20 MS patients without a history of ON and 40 eyes of 20 age-matched healthy volunteers were included in this study. The choroidal thickness (CT) was measured at three points; subfoveal, 1500 µm nasal to the fovea, and 1500 µm temporal to the fovea. Choroidal area (CA), luminal area (LA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were calculated using ImageJ. ResultsThe mean subfoveal, nasal and temporal CT were decreased in MS patients compared to controls (for all, p < 0.001). The mean LA was 0.572 ± 0.113 mm2 in MS group, and 0.729 ± 0.188 mm2 in controls (p = 0.002). The mean CVI was decreased in the MS group (69.38% ± 4.87) in comparison to the controls (73.41% ± 5.18) (p = 0.034). ConclusionThe current study demonstrated significant anatomical alterations of the choroid in the eyes of patients with MS.