Mean Cell Hb Concentration Research Articles

Hematological and Biochemical Reference Values in Healthy Captive Tigers (Panthera tigris).

Simple SummaryThe tiger (Panthera tigris) is the largest of the wild cats and is a pivotal member of many ecosystems and cultures. Despite a long history of concern for wild tigers, both their range and total number have collapsed: fewer than 3500 animals now live in the wild. Furthermore, an increased demand for tiger parts and consequent poaching as well as hunting of their prey has decimated populations across Asia, both in and out of reserves. All subspecies of tigers are globally endangered. Given the precarious situation of these wild felid, the health of each individual animal is of utmost importance so thorough health monitoring, including laboratory blood testing and physical evaluation, is vital. In human and veterinary medicine, hematological parameters and blood chemistry analysis are used in the diagnostic process, to establish disease processes and to monitor the progression of disease. Additionally, blood testing in wild animals provides baseline values for future studies and may help to support conservation strategies. It is extremely difficult to obtain biological samples from free-living Panthera tigris, therefore the values obtained from captive tigers provide very useful data. This study reports hematological and serum biochemical data in captive tigers. These results will be useful in the evaluation of physiological and pathological variations in wild and captive tiger populations. Tigers are a conservation-dependent species and require close protection because they are in high demand in the illegal trade. Development of a strong conservation ethic is urgently required for their survival. Pooling of knowledge about this species is essential if it is to be saved.The tiger (Panthera tigris) is an endangered species. The health of individuals is important and any data on hematological and biochemical blood values can provide valuable information; when combined with physical assessment. This data assists in both the diagnosis of disease and some conservation strategies. The behavior of wild tigers makes it is extremely difficult to obtain biological samples from free-living subjects, therefore, data collected from captive tigers is highly valuable. The aim of this study was to provide additional information for the values of hematological and serum biochemical parameters in healthy captive tigers. Blood samples were collected from 22 clinically healthy tigers (Panthera tigris). The following parameters were analyzed: glucose, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP) and red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) and red cell indices; such as mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell Hb (MCH), mean cell Hb concentration (MCHC), platelet (PLT) and white blood cells (WBCs). The mean hematological values in our tiger population were not significantly different when compared with the same parameters in the previously studied tiger population. The mean values of RBCs and PLT were statistically significantly higher and the mean values of Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and WBC were lower than the mean values obtained in previous studies on the Amur tiger. Further investigation of captive and free-living tigers is needed to identify the normal ranges for parameters in this endangered species.

Impact of elevated red cell distribution width on patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an important parameter that has a critical impact on the severity of coronary artery disease, especially on that of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objective: This study was aimed to determine the effect of elevated RDW on the outcome of AMI. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, case–control study conducted on two groups of participants; the first group (cases) comprised 87 patients suffering from AMI, while the second one (controls) comprised an equal number of patients having stable angina. Matching of controls to patients was done according to age (within 5 years) and gender. The study extended from the beginning of October 2017 to the end of March 2018. Participants in both groups were collected from Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital and Merjan Medical City at Iraqi Najaf and Babylon Governorates, respectively. RDW values were determined by the use of hematological auto-analyzer. Results: Statistically significant differences found between the study groups regarding RDW (P = 0.0001, odds ratio [OR] = 9.481, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.127–17.535) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (P = 0.0001, OR = 1.325, 95% CI = 1.109–1.584). Strong positive correlation was found between RDW and cTnI (r = 0.272, P = 0.0001). Other measured parameters which are age, gender, history of hypertension, diabetes and smoking, body mass index, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume, mean cell volume, and mean cell Hb concentration all showed no significant differences between the study groups regarding them. Conclusion: RDW owns substantial diagnostic and prognostic value that can aid in the management of AMI patients.

Hepatology Clinical.

Hepatology Clinical.

Evaluation of physiological and biochemical responses in different seasons in Surti buffaloes.

Aim:This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of hot dry, hot humid and comfortable season on physiological, hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters in Surti buffaloes.Materials and Methods:Ten lactating Surti buffaloes of similar physiological status were selected. Based on the temperature-humidity index (THI), their natural exposure to the environment was categorized as hot dry (THI1), hot humid (THI2) and moderate winter/comfort season (THI3). Blood/serum samples were collected and analyzed for physiological, hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters. The results were analyzed using standard statistical methods.Results:With increase in THI, significant rise in physiological parameters such as respiration rate (RR), hematological parameters such as red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit, hemoglobin (Hb) and mean cell Hb concentration (MCHC), biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Na, K, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, Mn, Cu and Zn, hormones such as cortisol and oxidative stress parameters such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxide (LPO) and total antioxidant status (TAS) and significant decline in glucose, cholesterol and triiodothyronine (T3) was observed.Conclusion:It was concluded that THI is a sensitive indicator of heat stress and is impacted by ambient temperature more than the relative humidity in buffaloes. Higher THI is associated with significantly increased RR, total RBC count, Hb, hematocrit, MCHC, ALT, urea, sodium, creatinine, triiodothyronine, SOD, GPx, LPO and TAS and with significant decrease in glucose, cholesterol and triiodothyronine (T3).

Bioactive natural constituents from lemongrass tea and erythropoiesis boosting effects: potential use in prevention and treatment of anemia.

This study assessed the effects of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) tea on hematologic indices in human volunteers. One hundred five subjects (55 men and 50 women), aged 18 to 35 years, were randomly assigned to groups set to orally receive infusion prepared from 2, 4, or 8 g of C. citratus leaves once daily for 30 days. Assessment of hematologic indices (hemoglobin concentration [Hb], packed cell volume [PCV], red blood cell [RBC] count, mean cell Hb [MCH], mean cell volume [MCV], mean cell Hb concentration [MCHC], total white blood cell [WBC-total] and differentials, and platelets) were performed 1 day before (baseline), and at 10 (acute) and 30 days (subchronic phase) after the initiation of treatment. Results obtained on days 10 and 30 were compared with baseline values. Infusions prepared from C. citratus leaf powder, which tested positive for tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, macro- and micronutrients, significantly increased PCV, Hb, and RBC (P<.05) in all subjects, particularly in the subchronic phase of the study. MCH, MCV, and MCHC were not significantly different from baseline values in both the sexes. WBCs and differentials significantly decreased (P<.05) with the exception of neutrophils and lymphocytes, which significantly increased in some or all groups (P<.05), respectively. C. citratus leaf infusion appears to exert an erythropoiesis boosting effect, likely due to some nutritional constituents and its antioxidant and pharmacologic properties.

Fetal Red Blood Cell Parameters in Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies

Introduction: With the lack of fetal blood specimens in routine practice, little is known about red blood cell (RBC) parameters of fetuses with various thalassemia syndromes. This study aimed to describe these in various forms of thalassemia. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 93 fetal blood specimens obtained from pregnant women by cordocentesis during 18-24 weeks of gestation. RBC parameters were recorded on automated analyzer. Hemoglobin (Hb) and DNA analyses were performed for definite genotyping. Results: No significant difference in RBC parameters was observed between non-thalassemic fetuses and those with β-thalassemia trait, Hb E trait, homozygous Hb E and β-thalassemia/Hb E disease. However, in those with α⁰-thalassemia trait and double heterozygous α⁰-thalassemia/Hb E, slight reduction in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was noted. Fetuses with the Hb H disease showed significant reductions in Hb, MCV and mean corpuscular Hb (MCH). Marked reductions in Hb, hematocrit, MCH and mean cell Hb concentration and increased RBC distribution width with numerous nucleated RBC were clearly observed in Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis. Conclusion: Simple analysis of fetal RBC parameters is useful for making presumptive prenatal diagnosis of α-thalassemia syndromes including Hb H disease and Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis which can then be confirmed by Hb and DNA analyses.

Effects of feeding Bt MON810 maize to sows during first gestation and lactation on maternal and offspring health indicators

A total of twenty-four sows and their offspring were used in a 20-week study to investigate the effects of feeding GM maize on maternal and offspring health. Sows were fed diets containing GM or non-GM maize from service to the end of lactation. GM maize-fed sows were heavier on day 56 of gestation (P< 0·05). Offspring from sows fed GM maize tended to be lighter at weaning (P= 0·08). Sows fed GM maize tended to have decreased serum total protein (P= 0·08), and increased serum creatinine (P< 0·05) and γ-glutamyltransferase activity (P= 0·07) on day 28 of lactation. Serum urea tended to be decreased on day 110 of gestation in GM maize-fed sows (P= 0·10) and in offspring at birth (P= 0·08). Both platelet count (P= 0·07) and mean cell Hb concentration (MCHC; P= 0·05) were decreased on day 110 of gestation in GM maize-fed sows; however, MCHC tended to be increased in offspring at birth (P= 0·08). There was a minimal effect of feeding GM maize to sows during gestation and lactation on maternal and offspring serum biochemistry and haematology at birth and body weight at weaning.

Bilirubin Dependence on UGT1A1 Polymorphisms, Hemoglobin, Fasting Time and Body Mass Index

In humans, bilirubin levels are influenced by different factors. This study evaluates how several nongenetic causes and the genetic UGT1A1 polymorphisms contribute for bilirubin levels, in a cohort of 146 young Caucasian females. Hematological data, bilirubin, screening of TA duplication in the UGT1A1 gene, body mass index (BMI) and body fat were determined. A questionnaire about fasting time, smoking habits, oral contraceptive therapy, caloric intake and physical activity was done. Participants were divided according to the tertiles of bilirubin. Subjects from the second and third tertile had significant rises in hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, mean cell Hb and mean cell Hb concentration, and a significant increased frequency for the c.-41_-40dupTA allele in homozygosity, when compared to the first tertile. Red blood cell count was significantly increased in the third tertile. Results showed that the c.-41_-40dupTA allele (genetic), Hb, BMI and fasting time (nongenetic) were the main factors associated bilirubin levels.

Comparison of red blood cell hematology among normal, α‐thalassemia‐1 trait, and hemoglobin Bart's fetuses at mid‐pregnancy

The objective of this study was to compare red blood cell indices among normal, alpha-thalassemia-1 trait, and hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's fetuses at mid-pregnancy. A total of 87 pregnancies (88 fetuses) at risk of homozygous alpha-thalassemia-1, who underwent cordocentesis including the measurement of Hb level and red blood cell indices of fetuses at 18-22 weeks of gestation at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, were recruited into this study. The final outcome was based on the fetal DNA analysis using PCR technique for SEA type alpha-thalassemia-1. Fetuses were divided into three groups: normal, alpha-thalassemia-1 trait, and homozygous alpha-thalassemia-1 (Hb Bart's disease). The mean gestational age of the 87 pregnant women recruited into the study was 18.7 +/- 0.8 weeks. According to the DNA analysis, the incidence of Hb Bart's disease, alpha-thalassemia-1 trait, and normal fetuses were 29.5%, 45.5%, and 25%, respectively. The mean Hb level, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb, and mean cell Hb concentration were significantly different in all three groups of fetuses. Moreover, these differences were also found among fetuses with the alpha-thalassemia-1 trait and those that were normal. Ninety-two percent of fetuses with Hb Bart's disease had some degree of anemia at mid-pregnancy. However, two Hb Bart's fetuses did not have anemia. Furthermore, two fetuses in the alpha-thalassemia-1 trait group were mildly anemic, but most (95%) were not. There is a highly significant difference in red blood cell indices among normal, alpha-thalassemia-1 trait, and Hb Bart's fetuses, and most fetuses with Hb Bart's disease have some degree of anemia from mid-pregnancy.

Growth, haematology, blood constituents and immunological status of lambs fed graded levels of animal feed grade damaged wheat as substitute of maize

The aim of this study was to explore possibilities of utilization of animal feed grade damaged wheat (ADW) in lamb feeding, and assess the effect of ADW and its aflatoxin on intake, growth, haematology, blood biochemical constituents and immunological status. The ADW is a slightly mouldy feed resource, which is not suitable for human consumption. The experimental ADW contained dry matter (DM) 964, organic matter 974, crude protein 153, cellulose 205 and lignin 24, and starch 732 g/kg DM. ADW also contained aflatoxin B1 50 microg/kg due to mould infestation. Thirty-five weaner lambs (90 +/- 15 days of age and 16.1 +/- 0.82 kg body weight) in a randomized design were fed for 91 days on one of four composite feed mixtures (roughage to concentrate ratio of 25:75) containing 0, 118, 235, 353 or 470 g/kg ADW, which replaced equal amounts of maize and at these inclusion levels ADW replaced 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% maize in lamb diets respectively. Dry matter intake (DMI) was similar in different level of ADW fed lambs but ADW inclusion linearly (p = 0.016) reduced DMI. Average daily gain (g/day) was higher (p = 0.038) in lambs fed 353 g ADW diet. Haematological attributes viz. WBC, haemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume did not affect by ADW feeding whereas it increased haematocrit, mean cell Hb and decreased neutrophil, RBC counts and mean cell Hb concentration. Blood glucose and urea-N increased whereas albumin and protein level reduced by ADW feeding. ADW feeding of lambs did not affect serum IgG level. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphates and acid phosphates were not affected, whereas alanine aminotransferase increased linearly (p = 0.001) with increasing levels of ADW. It is concluded that ADW containing aflatoxin B1 50 microg/kg DM can safely be incorporated in growing lamb feeding up to 353 g/kg diet without affecting growth and cellular immunity, however ADW may induce a transient alteration of hepatic enzymatic activities. Further aflatoxin content of the diet should be kept within permissible limits of respective country.

Hemoglobin Wayne in a British Family: Identification by Electrospray Ionization/Mass Spectrometry

Hemoglobin (Hb) Wayne (an elongated α-chain frameshift variant that exists as 2 forms, Hb Wayne Asn and Hb Wayne Asp) was first described in 1976 in a Caucasian neonate in Pike County, Central Georgia, whose grandparents originated from Birmingham, Alabama (1). Two other families have been reported, one a Caucasian family from Michigan (2), and the other from Canada (3). Clinically, Hb Wayne leads to an increased oxygen affinity Hb with noncooperativity and a markedly reduced Bohr effect. Hb Wayne Asn and Hb Wayne Asp exhibit differences in their carbon monoxide-binding properties (4). We report the identification of Hb Wayne in a 28-year- old Caucasian diabetic female patient whose blood was undergoing analysis for glyco-Hb. Her initial pathologic investigations showed no abnormalities (144 g/L Hb; erythrocytes, 5.09 × 1012/L; packed cell volume, 0.437 L/L; mean cell volume, 85.8 fL; mean cell Hb, 28.3 pg; mean cell Hb concentration, 330 g/L). Analysis of a hemolysate for glyco-Hb using a HA-8140 analyzer (Menarini Diagnostics Ltd.) revealed a slight shoulder on the glycated Hb peak with …

Influence of academic examination stress on hematological measurements in subjectively healthy volunteers

Some recent reports showed that a brief exposure to a mental stressor during 3–20 min may induce hematological changes in humans. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of academic examination stress on erythron variables, such as the number of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell Hb (MCH), mean cell Hb concentration (MCHC), RBC distribution width (RDW), and serum iron and transferrin (Tf). The above variables were determined in 41 students in three conditions, i.e. the stress condition (the day before a difficult oral exam) and two baseline conditions, i.e. a few weeks earlier and later. At the same occasions, subjects completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Academic examination stress significantly increased Ht, Hb, MCV, MCH and MCHC and significantly decreased RDW. There were significant relationships between the stress-induced changes in the PSS, STAI and POMS scores and those in Ht, Hb, MCV and MCH (all positive) and RDW (negative). It is concluded that academic examination stress induces significant hematological changes indicative of an increased number of large RBC and increased hemoglobinisation, which cannot be explained by shifts of fluid out of the intravascular space, concentrating non-diffusible blood constituents.

Effects of exercise on erythrocytes in normal and splenectomised Thoroughbred horses

SummaryChanges in erythrocyte quality during exercise were determined in 3 control (Group C) and 3 splenectomised (Group 5) horses that performed an incremental exercise test on a treadmill until the point of fatigue. Venous blood samples were drawn before the exercise test and immediately after warming‐up and incremental exercise test. Incremental exercise increased erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration by 46 and 37% respectively in control horses and by 15 and 17% respectively inGroup Sanimals. Packed cell volume (PCV) increased by 48% in controls but there was no change inGroup Sanimals. Warming‐up decreased mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell Hb (MCH) and mean cell Hb concentration (MCHC) by 9, 19 and 7% in control horses. Incremental exercise restored MCV and MCHC but MCH remained lower than the resting level. InGroup Shorses, warming‐up and incremental exercise decreased MCV by 6 and 9% respectively, did not change MCH, but increased MCHC by 4 and 15% respectively. Incremental exercise increased erythrocyte density (ED) inGroup Cbut not inGroup Shorses. Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes measured as the red cell haemolysis rates in 0.56% NaCl (HL) were significantly higher inGroup Cthan inGroup Shorses regardless of exercise. Warming‐up decreased HL by 7% inGroup Cvs 19% inGroup Shorses, but exercise increased HL by 26% inGroup Cvs 38% inGroup Shorses. These results suggest that: 1) exercise causes shrinking of erythrocytes; 2) erythrocyte indices are dependent on the intensity of the exercise; 3) release of erythrocytes from the spleen is associated with an increase in osmotic fragility; and 4) exercise changes osmotic fragility regardless of the release of erythrocytes from the spleen into circulation.

Seasonal changes of blood values in the andean mouse Abrothrix andinus

1. 1. Bimonthly measurements of hematological indices were conducted in freshly captured Abrothrix andinus (Rodentia:Cricetidae) over a period of one year. 2. 2. All blood values were in the same range for adult males and females, but juveniles showed lower red blood cell counts (RBC) and erythrocytes of larger size. 3. 3. High RBC numbers, a slight but significant increase of blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb), and a significant decrease in mean cell volume (MCV) were found during the winter months. 4. 4. Hematocrit values (Hct) and the mean cell Hb concentration (MCHC) were relatively constant throughout the year. 5. 5. Plasticity of MCV and an inverse correlation between size and the number of RBC may provide an enlarged diffusion area during winter. This mechanism appears to be a useful seasonal adjustment, since the increase of Hct and the concurrent increase in blood viscosity are avoided.

Is there an optimal haematocrit for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchm mykiss (Walbaum)? An interpretation of recent data based on blood viscosity measurements

The viscosity of blood from rainbow trout was measured following manipulation of haematocrit by bleeding, hypoxia. exercise, and anaesthesia. Blood viscosity when measured at high shear rate (225 s 1) was proportional to haematocrit, but the dependence of viscosity on shear rate was far less for swollen erythrocytes from exercised and anaesthetized trout. Erythrocyte swelling was most marked in exercised and anaesthetized trout, and is a confounding factor when considering the effect of haematocrit on viscosity.The viscosity of blood with variable haematocrit, but constant mean cell Hb concentration, indicated that the relative oxygen transport capacity in trout was optimal at a haematocrit of 30%. Data from this, and earlier studies show that haematocrit in trout is variable and labile, yet none of the haematocrit values following manipulations are less than 85% of optimal. Optimal haematocrit is however, significantly higher than measured values from either cannulated or acutely venesected resting trout.

Consequences of 6 weeks of strength training on red cell O2 transport and iron status

Effects of endurance training on O2 transport and on iron status are well documented in the literature. Only a few data are available concerning the consequences of strenuous anaerobic muscular exercise on red cell function. This study was performed to test the influence of strength training alone on parameters of red cell O2 transport and iron status. Twelve healthy untrained males participated in a strength-training programme of 2-h sessions four times a week lasting 6 weeks. After 6 weeks a small but significant reduction of haemoglobin (Hb; -5.4 g.l-1) was found (p less than 0.05). Mean red cell volume did not change, but a pronounced decrease of mean cell Hb concentration (from 329.2 g.l-1, SE 2.5 to 309.8 g.l-1, SE 1.2; p less than 0.001) and mean corpuscular Hb (from 29.6 pg, SE 0.4 to 27.7 pg, SE 0.3; p less than 0.01) was observed. Serum ferritin decreased significantly by 35% (p less than 0.01); transferrin, serum iron and iron saturation of transferrin were unaltered. Serum haptoglobin concentration was diminished significantly by 30.5% (p less than 0.01). The reticulocyte count had already increased after 3 weeks of training (p less than 0.05) and remained elevated during the following weeks. Strength training had no significant influence on the O2 partial pressure at which Hb under standard conditions was 50% saturated, red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and ATP concentration as well as on erythrocytic glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase activity. The data demonstrate that mechanical stress of red cells due to the activation of large muscle masses led to increased intravascular haemolysis, accompanied by a slightly elevated erythropoiesis, which had no detectable influence on Hb-O2 affinity. Training caused an initial depletion of body iron stores (prelatent iron deficiency). Although Hb had decreased by the end of the training phase a true "sports anaemia" could not be detected.

The influence of a growth promoter (Zeranol) on the growth rate, haemogram, myelogram and selected blood biochemical value of calves

Summary Implantation of Zeranol in calves caused an improvement in mean liveweight gain which was greater in bull calves than in heifer calves. Among heifer calves, implantation had no significant effect on haematological values, but serum urea was significantly lowered. Implanted bull calves had lower mean haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, red blood cell count and mean cell Hb concentration values, but they had higher mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell Hb values than control calves. Mean serum albumin and albumin-to-globulin (A/G) ratio were significantly higher in implanted than in control bull calves. These haematological changes were reflected in the bone marrow picture of bull calves by a significantly lower myeloid erythroid (M/E) ratio in implanted than in control calves. Different responses to the drug in male and female calves may have been caused by age and weight differences between them when the experiment was carried out.

Folacin and iron status and hematological findings in Black and Spanish-American adolescents from urban low-income households

The folacin and iron status of 193 adolescents from urban low-income households was evaluated. Red blood cell folacin concentrations were less than 140 ng/ml in 42% of the subjects and 140 to 159 ng/ml in 13%. Of the serum folacin values, 45% were less than 6 ng/ml, and 15% were below 3 ng/ml. Serum folacin levels decreased with increasing age (p less than 0.01) and sexual maturity (p less than 0.05). Transferrin saturation was low (less than 16%) in 12% of the females and 2% of the males. Transferrin saturation levels for females declined as age increased in contrast to an increase over age in males (p less than 0.01). Eleven percent of the females and 3% of the males were classified as anemic (less than 12 g/dl). Mean cell Hb concentration was low (less than 32%) in 24% of the females and 7% of the males. Of all subjects, 17% had low mean cell volumes (less than 81 mum 3). These findings demonstrate folacin and iron status is less than adequate in a significant proportion of this adolescent population group.