Mean Values Of Body Mass Index Research Articles

Mediating role of self-esteem on university students’ physical activity attitude and frequency

Background and Study Aim. The health benefits of physical activity are well-known. Despite this, there is an ongoing decline in total physical activity (PA), especially among adolescents and young women. This decline points to the need to find more effective solutions. This study aimed to determine the relationship between physical activity and attitudes toward physical activity, and also between self-esteem body image (as subjective variables) and body mass index (as an objective variable). Material and Methods. This cross-sectional study measured and investigated 152 female students from various faculties in their first and second years of study at the Bucharest University of Economic Studies. The research utilized direct anthropometrical measurements and several self-reported instruments. These included questionnaires on self-esteem body image, physical activity attitude, and a report on the frequency of physical activity. Self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Body dissatisfaction was evaluated using the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. Results. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) value of 20.89 kg/m² indicates a healthy, normal BMI. The mean self-esteem score (31.48) falls within the normal range, but 60% of respondents could not match their actual body shape with their ideal or desired body image. 54% of respondents reported engaging in 30 minutes of physical activity, three times a week, outside the university program. As a result, the mean value of the attitude towards physical activity is slightly positive. 33% of young women's self-esteem is related to physical factors such as body image, frequency of physical activity, and attitude towards physical activity. Conclusions. The study indicates that targeted physical education programs and consistent, independent physical activity can mitigate the challenges associated with the investigated variables. Moreover, self-esteem significantly mediates the relationship between body image and physical activity frequency, as well as students’ attitudes toward physical activity.

Anemia rates after one-anastomosis gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy: a retrospective cohort study.

To compare postoperative anemia rates after one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) with those after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in a large nationwide, population-based cohort study. We sourced data from the Israeli Bariatric Surgery Registry. The study included a cohort of adults who underwent bariatric surgery (BS) between 2013 and 2017. Hemoglobin (Hb) was measured preoperatively and then 1 and 2 years post-BS. Anemia rates were compared between the patients who underwent OAGB and those who underwent SG, using multivariable analyses. The study comprised 1,052 patients who underwent OAGB and 5,885 patients who underwent SG. Among them, 24.1% and 23.6% were men, respectively, and the preoperative mean body mass index values were 41.7 ± 5.0 and 42.1 ± 5.1kg/m2, respectively. The 1-year and 2-year postoperative anemia rates were significantly higher after OAGB than after SG, when adjusted for age, pre-surgery BMI, sex and other covariates (1 year: 37.5% vs. 20.2%; adj-OR = 2.43; 95% CI 2.08-2.86; 2 years: 45.1% vs. 28.5%; adj-OR = 1.92; 95% CI 1.59-2.32). Patients who underwent OAGB had significantly higher anemia rates 1 year and 2 years postoperatively than those who underwent SG. Consequently, vigilant surveillance and intervention strategies post-OAGB should be considered to mitigate the incidence of anemia and its associated complications.

Cardiovascular Risk is Independently Associated with Body Mass Index in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Lagos, Nigeria

Among female subjects of reproductive age, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that may be linked to a number of health risks for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The study aims to determine some CVD risk variables and how they relate to body mass index (BMI) in female subjects with PCOS. Fifty healthy women without PCOS (controls) and 90 women with PCOS between the ages of 18 and 45 were enrolled in the study. Standard methods were used to evaluate the serum sex hormones, lipid profile, troponin-I, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fasting blood glucose, and atherogenic indices. Compared to controls, the mean age of women with PCOS was substantially lower ([Formula: see text]). The mean values of BMI, waist circumference, and hip were not significantly different from one another. While the cardiometabolic variables were higher in women with PCOS than in healthy subjects, no significant difference between obese/overweight and nonobese women with PCOS in terms of mean BMI, fasting blood glucose, insulin, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), troponin-I, hs-CRP, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol were observed. In PCOS-affected women, AIP ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), lipid accumulation product (LAP) ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), and hs-CRP ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) all showed positive correlations with BMI. Regardless of BMI status, there was an independent correlation between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and PCOS. This implies that regardless of a woman’s BMI, PCOS may increase her risk of CVD. Treatment combined with lifestyle modifications may be useful in lowering the risk of CVD in PCOS-afflicted Nigerian women. The finding suggests that PCOS itself, independent of weight, may increase the risk of heart disease. Nigerian women with PCOS are at increased risk of CVD, regardless of their BMI, and early detection, prevention, and treatment of CVRFs in women with PCOS is desirable.

Evaluation of Plasma Fibrinogen Level, Platelet Count & Lipid Profile as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease among Bangladeshi Healthy Male Smokers

Background: Smoking represents a substantial global health challenge, correlating with heightened rates of mortality and morbidity, notably including the onset of cancer. Within tobacco smoke are carcinogenic substances capable of perturbing cellular mechanisms and immune responses, thereby potentially influencing coagulation metrics and lipid profiles. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the plasma fibrinogen level, platelet count & lipid profile as predictors of cardiovascular disease among Bangladeshi healthy male smokers. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019. Seventy male participants aged 20 to 40 years were enrolled, comprising 35 healthy non-smokers (Group A) and 35 male smokers (Group B). Smokers were further categorized into two groups based on pack year (5-15 pack year for B1 & >15 pack year for B2). Coagulation parameters including plasma fibrinogen and platelet count and lipid profile were assessed. Results: The study comprised 70 subjects, evenly divided into Group A and Group B, with comparable mean ages of 33.17 ± 2.91 years and 34.11 ± 3.18 years, respectively, and similar mean body mass index (BMI) values of 24.36 ± 2.28 kg/m2 and 24.68 ± 2.33 kg/m2. Plasma fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in Group B (315.55 ± 67.79 mg/dL) compared to Group A (222.49 ± 23.03 mg/dL), as were platelet counts (285.14 ± 34.33 x109/L in Group B vs. 235.20 ± 46.83 x109/L in Group A). Further stratification of Group B revealed higher fibrinogen levels in both subgroups, B1 and B2, compared to Group A, with B2 exhibiting the highest fibrinogen levels. Platelet counts followed a similar trend, with both B1 and B2 having significantly higher counts than Group A. Plasma fibrinogen level was positively correlated with pack-years of smoking, while platelet counts showed a positive but statistically non-significant correlation. Smokers exhibited elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, along with decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels compared to non-smokers. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between pack-years of smoking and TC, TG, and LDL levels, while HDL levels exhibited a significant negative correlation. These findings underscore the complex interplay between smoking, coagulation parameters, and lipid profiles, emphasizing the multifaceted impact of smoking on cardiovascular health. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study highlights the intricate relationship between smoking, coagulation parameters, and lipid profiles in a cohort of 70 subjects. Smokers exhibited elevated plasma fibrinogen levels and platelet counts compared to non-smokers, with a significant positive correlation observed between pack-years of smoking and these coagulation parameters. Additionally, smokers demonstrated higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein, alongside lower levels of high-density lipoprotein, indicative of dyslipidemic state in the direction of increased risk for coronary artery disease. Furthermore, the discovered alterations in plasma fibrinogen, platelet, and lipid profiles serve as early predictors of cardiovascular disease, advocating for proactive management strategies in individuals with a smoking history.

Body Dissatisfaction among Young Girls in Recreational Rhythmic Gymnastics.

Body dissatisfaction is commonly associated with rhythmic gymnastics (RG) practice, but limited research exists on the prevalence of this issue among recreational level practitioners. This study examines body image dissatisfaction among young girls practicing RG recreationally. A total of 88 girls between six and eleven years of age, who participate in RG as an extracurricular activity, were measured and completed the Stunkard pictogram. To create a control group, 88 girls who did not practice RG were also recruited and matched to the gymnasts by age. Results revealed that the mean body mass index values in both groups were within the normal weight range. The mean score for body dissatisfaction was similar between the two groups, with slightly positive values (RG = 0.94; CG = 1.06). The Mann-Whitney U test showed that there was no significant difference in the ratings of actual body size, ideal body size, and body dissatisfaction between the RG and control groups. These findings suggest that practicing RG at a young age is not associated with body dissatisfaction among girls.

The Utility of SHBG Assay in Clinical Biochemistry for Iraqi Women

Polycystic ovarian syndrome, additionally called PCOS is the most widespread endocrine illness amongst women. The aetiology of PCOS is attributed to a multi-factorial interplay among environmental and genetic effects. The overarching goal evaluates the correlation among blood concentrations of total testosterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in ladies with PCOS and the impact of obesity, age, marital popularity on the obtained results. This study was conducted at the National Center for Educational Laborites /Medical City/ Baghdad. The study comprised of a sample of 83 women, elderly between 17 -45 years, who had been selected in a random manner from a Gynaecology Clinic. The statistics collection duration spanned from November 2022 to March 2023. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were based on their body mass index (BMI), age and marital status. Investigations included serum-free testosterone measurements by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), total testosterone, SHBG, E2, FSH and LH by Automated Immunoassay Analyzer (AIA-2000). The current findings showed non-significant distinctions in mean values of BMI between studied groups of patients and controls which reflect matches between them. This study revealed the effect of marital status compared to PCOS and healthy control subjects. Married PCOS patients were non significantly affected (83.9% vs. 85.2%, p>0.05) as compared to married controls. Results of these studies showed a significantly higher mean rate of serum FSH level in PCOS-affected women when opposed to normal individuals.

Body satisfaction and sexuality in pregnant and postpartum women

IntroductionPregnancy and postpartum is an important life event associated with profound physiognomic and psychosocial changes affecting the female body in all its physiological, psychic and affective reality. It might influence the sexual function in expectant mothers.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between the body satisfaction and perception and the sexual function among pregnant and postpartum women.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study established over a period of 3 months from the June 1st, 2023 to August 31, 2023. This study focused on a population of pregnant and postpartum women recruited from outpatient consultations and inpatient of the obstetric gynecology department at the university hospital of Gabes. We used a pre-established sheet exploring socio-demographic data, medical and gyneco-obstetric history, the body mass index (BMI) and informations concerning the marital relationship and the woman’s sexual activity. We administered the validated Arabic version of the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) to assess sexual functioning and we used the body satisfaction and global self-perception questionnaire (QSCPGS) to explore the body satisfaction and perception.ResultsFifty-eight women were included. The average age was 35.6±5.5 years; they were from an urban origin in 75%. They were pregnant in the first, second and third trimester in (15.6%, 15.6% and 25% respectively). They were in postpartum in 43.8% of cases with a cesarean delivery in 73.3% and breastfeeding in 56%. All women reported being on good terms with their spouses and satisfied with their sexuality. The usual frequency of sexual relations was (1/day: 22.6%, 1/week: 74.2%, 1/month: 3.2%) and 25% reported wanting to reduce the frequency. The mean ASEX score was 13 ± 4.3 and 47% of the sample had sexual dysfunction. For the total score of the QSCPGS, we observe a mean value of 33 ±28.3, which means that our sample has a good level of positive body satisfaction and self-perception. The mean value of the “body satisfaction” factor is higher (23.7 ± 10.4) than the mean value of the “self-perception” factor (11.4 ± 14.3). The mean value of BMI was 28.74 ± 4.4 wich means an overweigh. We found a significant association between the “body satisfaction” factor and the sexual dysfunction (p=0.03), insufficient lubrication (p=0.01) and difficulty reaching orgasm (p=0.001).ConclusionsWe found that body and physical changes among pregnant and postpartum women can negatively affects their body perception and it might deteriorate its global sexual function. Further researches are recommended to study other potential factors affecting sexual function during this period.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

A Simple Way to Estimate a Difficult Sleeve Gastrectomy Prior to Operating

BackgroundToday, bariatric procedures are common. These surgeries’ difficulties are classified as patient- or surgical team–related and are estimated by body mass index (BMI). More efficient methods are needed to help surgeons. This study evaluated the effect of measuring patients’ subcutaneous fat tissue thickness (SFT) and umbilicus-xiphoid (DXU) to anticipate surgical difficulties.Material and MethodsThis was a prospective retrospective data analysis study. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy patients seen between May and October 2022 were included in the analysis and divided into three groups, according to a surgeon’s assessment. All patients’ SFT, DXU, rectus muscle thickness, total fat tissue amount (TFT), and operational time were recorded prospectively and analyzed.ResultsIn all, 151 patients were included in the study; of these, 124 (82.1%) were women and 27 (17.9%) were men. Their mean BMI value was 41.1 ± 6.2. Based on expert’s opinion, we classified three groups: easy (n = 123, 81.5%), intermediate (n = 22, 14.6%), or difficult (n = 6, 4%). When the easy group was compared to the intermediate/difficult groups, we found that intermediate/difficult groups’ SFT values were statistically significantly higher than the easy group (p = 0.000). Also, the intermediate/difficult group’s TFT value was statistically significantly higher than the easy group (p = 0.000). We found no statistically significant differences between groups’ DXU and rectus muscle thickness.ConclusionThis is the first study to anticipate sleeve gastrectomy difficulty using SFT and TFT. This is an easy technique to apply and no additional costs. Anticipating difficulties based on these criteria can ensure necessary preparations are made and help avoid complications.Graphical

A prospective randomized double-blind study comparing the dose-response curves of epidural ropivacaine for labor analgesia initiation between parturients with and without obesity.

Background: Previous studies have explored the median effective concentration (EC50) of ropivacaine for labor epidural analgesia in parturients with obesity. However, the clinical relevance of the 90% effective concentration (EC90) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine and compare the dose-response curve of epidural ropivacaine for labor analgesia between parturients with and without obesity. Methods: Parturients were divided into two groups based on body mass index (BMI): group N, consisting of parturients with BMI <30kg/m2, and group O, consisting of parturients with BMI >30kg/m2. Within each group, the patients were randomized to receive one of five concentrations (0.0375%, 0.075%, 0.1125%, 0.15%, or 0.1875%) of epidural ropivacaine for labor analgesia. Analgesia was induced with a loading dose of 15mL of the assigned concentration. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were recorded at baseline and 30min post-dose to calculate the response (%) using the formula [(baseline VAS pain score-VAS pain score at 30min)/baseline VAS pain score] ×100%. The EC50 and EC90 values were determined via nonlinear regression analysis. Results: The EC50 and EC90 values of ropivacaine were 0.061% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.056%-0.066%) and 0.177% (95% CI, 0.152%-0.206%) in group N and 0.056% (95% CI, 0.051%-0.061%) and 0.161% (95% CI, 0.138%-0.187%) in group O, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the EC50 and EC90 values between the two groups (p-values = 0.121 and 0.351, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, within the parameters of this study, our findings suggest that obesity, characterized by a mean BMI value of 30.9, does not significantly influence the EC50 and EC90 values of epidural ropivacaine for labor analgesia. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the dose-response relationship between ropivacaine and obesity with higher BMI values. Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=190747, Identifier ChiCTR2300073273.

Comparison of size of the liver between patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and healthy controls.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease across all age groups. Limited studies have been conducted to consider the relationship between NAFLD and liver size. This study aimed to compare the size of the liver between NAFLD patients and healthy controls. This case-control study was conducted on NAFLD patients (n = 300), and healthy subjects (n = 300) referred to the Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz from April to August 2021. All individuals underwent ultrasonography examination, and liver size was measured in the midclavicular line. Fatty liver was divided into three grades, I (mild), II (moderate), and III (severe), according to the disease severity. Anthropometric parameters, including age, sex, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI), were recorded. Finally, the size of the liver and its relationship with NAFLD and anthropometric parameters was evaluated. Patients had significantly higher weight, and BMI mean values than controls (P < 0.001). In comparison to controls, NAFLD patients had considerably larger livers on average. (149.05 ± 12.60 mm vs. 134.51 ± 12.09; P < 0.001). There was a significant tendency for larger liver size in normal to severe fatty liver patients (P < 0.001). In patients with mild, moderate, and severe NAFLD, the mean liver size was 144.34 ± 11.35, 154.21 ± 10.84, and 158.63 ± 13.45 mm, respectively. The mean liver size in both groups was significantly higher in males than females (P < 0.05). Age (P = 0.037), sex (P < 0.001), height (P < 0.001), BMI (P = 0.008), and steatosis (P < 0.001) were independent variables for predicting the liver size. The liver size of persons with fatty liver was substantially more considerable than healthy people. The size of the liver was substantially linked with sex, age, BMI, fatty liver, and hepatic steatosis grade. A straightforward way to predict fatty liver is to use ultrasonography to determine the size of the liver.

Heart Failure Awareness Survey in a Turkish Population: HFAS-TR.

Heart failure is a leading cause of death and the most common diagnosis leading to hospitalization. Its awareness is lower than that of other cardiovascular diseases, both in the general population and among patients with heart failure (HF). This study aimed to establish the current level of knowledge about HF in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in Türkiye. This questionnaire-based survey study is multicenter, conducted across 34 centers from December 2021 to July 2022. We performed a survey consisting of two sets of questions focusing on individual characteristics of the patients and HF-related knowledge. The study included a total of 2,307 outpatient HF patients, comprising 70.5% males and 29.5% females with a mean age of 64.58 ± 13 (56-74) years and a mean body mass index value of 32.5 ± 10 kg/m2. HFrEF and HFmrEF were determined in 74.7% and 25.3% of patients, respectively. Thirty percent of the patients were unaware that they had HF. While 28.7% of the patients thought that they had sufficient information about HF, 71.3% believed they lacked adequate knowledge. In the study, 25.2% of the participants identified dyspnea, 22% identified tiredness, and 25.4% identified leg edema as the most common symptoms of HF. Only 27.4% of patients recognized all three typical symptoms of HF. We found that the study population's knowledge about HF symptoms and the nature of the disease was poor. Educational and awareness activitiesare necessary to optimize outcomes and benefits.

Effect of physical parameters on Queens College Step Test performance in young adults of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India: An observational study

Abstract Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) helps physiotherapists in assessing body health and is a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Assessment of physical parameters may reveal some insight into factors affecting CRF. This study aimed to assess CRF and factors affecting CRF in young adults. Materials and Methods: An observational analytical study was conducted on 102 participants from the community of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, aged 18–24 years, males and females. Queens College Step Test (QCT) for CRF, body mass index (BMI) for obesity, Sit and Reach Test for flexibility, and Beiring–Sorenson Test for back endurance were performed, and data were analyzed using odds ratio. VO2max was calculated with McArdle’s equation. Result: Mean age of 102 participants was (21.02 ± 1.08) years. Mean values for BMI (23.35 ± 4.48) kg/m2, VO2max of participants who completed the QCT (42.26 ± 3.08) mL/kg/min, back endurance (78.97 ± 37.95) sec, and flexibility (13.72 ± 3.19) inches were seen. OR for QCT with BMI (3.52, CI: 2.41–5.16), flexibility (0.1, CI: 0.04–0.26), endurance (2.8, CI: 2.01–3.94), and history of coronavirus disease-2019 (2.8, CI: 2.04–4.012) were seen. Conclusion: The CRF of young adults was found to be low. BMI, flexibility, and back endurance were found to affect CRF in young adults.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle-aged Men and Women through the Queens College Step Test: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Increased Body Mass Index (BMI) is associated with a decreased level of maximium oxygen uptake (VO2 max), which indirectly affects Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in young adults. Therefore, it is important to assess CRF in the middleaged population, despite a high burden of cardiovascular risk factors in this age group. CRF refers to the circulatory system’s ability to supply oxygen to functioning muscles during continuous physical exercise. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is the best measure of CRF and serves as the gold standard for quantifying an individual’s aerobic capacity. Aim: To evaluate CRF in middle-aged men and women. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Physiotheraphy, NITTE Institute of Physiotheraphy included a total of 134 subjects aged between 45 and 65 years, who were selected from Justice KS Hegde Charitable Hospital in Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. The male and female groups consisted of 67 subjects each. The study was conducted over a period of 12 months, from March 2022 to March 2023. All subjects were included based on specific inclusion criteria. VO2 max was estimated by following the Queens College Step Test (QCST) method. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between age, height, weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, heart rate, and VO2 max. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean value of VO2 max was assessed and compared between middle-aged males (65.8±3.5 mL/kg/min) and females (46.6±1.7 mL/kg/min). It was discovered that VO2 max was significantly higher in middle-aged males than in middle-aged females (p&lt;0.001), as indicated by heart rate changes from pretest to post-test. The mean value of BMI was compared between males (24.4±3.2) kg/m2 and females (24.4±4.9) kg/m2 , and the difference was found to be statistically non significant (p-value=0.916). Similarly, the mean value of waist-to-hip ratio was compared between males (0.9±0.1) and females (0.9±0.1), and the difference was also statistically non significant (p-value=0.637). Conclusion: Middle-aged males exhibit substantially higher VO2 max compared to middle-aged females (p&lt;0.001). Consequently, middle-aged females demonstrate a considerable decrease in aerobic capacity, as indicated by VO2 max, and decreased cardiovascular fitness, which serve as predictors of cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Assessment of Clinical and Biochemical Cardiac Risk Factors in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the current era, and the focus is gradually shifting towards identifying the risk factors and pathways leading to CVD. While hypothyroidism has been extensively studied and linked to CVD risk, the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and CVD risk factors is not well established. Aim: To investigate the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiac risk factors such as obesity indicators {Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-hip Ratio (WHR)}, blood pressure, and lipid parameters. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, ESI PGIMSR, Basaidarapur, New Delhi, India, from December 2020 to April 2022. The study included 200 patients, with 100 patients recruited in the subclinical hypothyroidism group (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) &gt;4.8 μIU/mL with normal fT4) and 100 patients with euthyroid status (TSH 0.5-4.8 μIU/mL and normal fT4) included in the comparison group. Both groups were assessed for CVD risk factors including obesity indicators (BMI and WHR), blood pressure, and lipid parameters. The two groups were analysed for statistical significance using Student’s t-test. Results: Both groups had similar age distributions. However, there was a greater percentage of female patients in the subclinical hypothyroidism group (61%) compared to the euthyroid group (52%). As expected, TSH levels in the subclinical hypothyroidism group were significantly higher than in the euthyroid group. The subclinical hypothyroidism group recorded significantly higher mean values of BMI, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, and triglycerides, which were higher by 18%, 17%, 17%, 41%, and 16% compared to the euthyroid group, respectively. Other parameters like WHR and Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) were found to be raised in subclinical hypothyroidism compared to the euthyroid group, while High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower by 16% in subclinical hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism is significantly associated with cardiac risk factors like obesity indicators (BMI and WHR), blood pressure, and lipid parameters.

Body mass index levels in students living in areas of military conflict

Background and Study Aim. At present, human health and related elements face ongoing risks from environmental conditions. Thus, regular tracking of health metrics gains significant importance. The research objective is to assess the BMI level of students residing in areas affected by the extended military conflict in Ukraine. Material and Methods. The study involved students from three universities in Ukraine (96 men and 160 women). Prior to the experiment, these students had been living a sedentary life due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic (beginning in 2020) and the ongoing war in Ukraine (starting February 24, 2022). They spent a cumulative total of three and a half years in this challenging setting. Data gathering was carried out through a Google Form, which comprised details such as the student's name or alias, gender, height, weight, academic year, field of study, and university association. The PyCharm CE platform and a range of Python programming libraries were employed for the statistical analysis of the data. Results. The study revealed that the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) values are 22.73 kg/m2 in males and 21.20 kg/m2 in females. Among women, the BMI breakdown is: 73.75% normal weight, 17.5% underweight, 7.5% overweight, and 1.25% obese. For men, the figures are: 69.79% normal weight, 20.83% overweight, 5.21% underweight, and 4.17% obese. Conclusions. The outcomes stress the necessity of a tailored approach to body mass control, considering gender-specific, educational, and societal-cultural factors.

Obesity in the Russian population during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors. Data from the ESSE-RF3 study

Aim. To study the problem of obesity at the national level.Material and methods. The ESSE-RF3 study examined a representative sample of the population of 15 Russian regions aged 35-74 years with a response &gt;70% (n=28731). Modular design questionnaire was used. The study received approval from the Independent Ethics Committee of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. Signed informed consent was obtained from each participant. Body mass (BM) was measured once with an accuracy of 100 g. The height was measured with an accuracy of 0,5 cm once in a standing position without shoes. Waist circumference was measured with a standard measuring tape with an accuracy of 0,5 cm. There were following BM categories: insufficient (BM index (BMI) &lt;18,5), normal (18,5≲ BMI ≲24,9), overweight (25,0≲ BMI ≲29,9), class I obesity (30,0≲ BMI ≲34,9), class II obesity (35,0≲ BMI ≲39,9) and class III obesity (BMI &gt;40). Abdominal obesity (AO) was assessed using the following criteria: waist circumference ≥102 cm and ≥88 cm for men and women, respectively. The changes of obesity were studied with the inclusion of materials from the ESSE-RF (2012-14) and ESSE-RF2 (2017) studies, carried out using the same methodology with ESSE-RF3 in the same age range of 35-64 years. Statistical analysis was carried out using the open-source R 3.6.1 environment. Analysis of associations between factors and a binary variable was carried out using the logistic regression method. The significance level for all tested hypotheses was 0,05.Results. Mean BMI values is 28,2±4,6 kg/m2 among men and 28,9±5,9 kg/m2 among women. The prevalence of overweight is 44,0 and 33,7%, obesity — 30,0 and 39,5%, AO — 30,9 and 55,1% among men and women, respectively. In addition, 30,3% have a combination of obesity and AO; obesity and/or AO — 49,1%. Obesity statistics did not significantly change, but in each section the rates are higher among women. The closest associations were found between obesity and hypertension (men: odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) 2,88 (2,66-3,12), women: OR 3,03 (2,81-3,27) (p&lt;0,001) and hyperuricemia for women (OR 4,21 (3,74-4,75) (p&lt;0,001).Conclusion. A third of the Russian population is obese, and half has obesity and/or AO. This severity of the problem requires the development and adoption of a strategy to monitor obesity at the national level.

Determinants of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose in Iranian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a prevalent chronic disease among children and adolescents, necessitating effective self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) levels. Understanding the determinants and factors influencing SMBG behavior is crucial for optimizing diabetes management in this population. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of SMBG and identify the determinants influencing factors in children and adolescents with T1DM. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, and included 275 participants selected through simple random sampling from the Gabric Diabetes Education Association. The inclusion criteria comprised children and adolescents aged 3 - 18 years diagnosed with T1DM for at least 6 months who were using analog or neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) and regular insulin subcutaneously. Patients using insulin pumps were excluded. Data collection involved an online questionnaire covering demographic information (e.g., age, gender, educational status, and parental occupations) as well as clinical information (number of hypoglycemic episodes, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels, diabetes duration, insulin regimen, diabetes complications, glucose monitoring practices, hospitalizations, and behavioral characteristics). Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and Poisson regressions, were performed using SPSS software (version 21). A significance level of P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The participants had a mean age of 10.00 ± 3.77 years, with 54.2% being males. Most of the participants (87.3%) were schoolchildren, and the mean age of diagnosis was 6.56 ± 3.73 years, with a mean duration of 44.72 ± 36.32 months. Anthropometric investigations revealed mean height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) values of 136.69 ± 21.11 cm, 37.45 ± 15.51 kg, and 18.31 ± 3.55 kg/m2, respectively. The majority of participants (93.5%) used insulin pens, and the mean daily insulin dosage was 35.34 ± 22.20 IU. Parents reported consistent glucose level monitoring in 64.7% of cases. The mean HbA1c level was 7.91 ± 1.58%. Factors such as the price and availability of glucometer strips influenced glucose level monitoring. In univariate analysis, only age and HbA1C levels showed a negative correlation; however, parents' consistent checking showed a positive correlation with the frequency of daily, weekly, or monthly glucose checking. This study underscores the significance of SMBG in children and adolescents with T1DM. The findings emphasize the critical role of price and availability of glucometers and strips in achieving standard care for T1DM patients.

Association Between Plasma Sclerostin Levels and Body Mass Index in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is recognized as one of the most common endocrine pathologies in females of reproductive age worldwide. This study investigated the relationship between serum sclerostin levels and body mass index (BMI) in women with PCOS. Methods Women aged 18-40 years who presented to our clinic between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2020, and were diagnosed with PCOS were included in this study. The patients' clinical and laboratory data were recorded, and waist circumference, hip circumference, and BMI values were calculated. The patients with a BMI of >25 kg/m2 were evaluated as Group I, those with a BMI of <18.5 kg/m2 as Group II, and those with a BMI of 18.5-25 kg/m2 as Group III. Serum sclerostin levels were compared between the BMI groups. Results The study included 90 patients. The mean BMI values were 32.2±2.1, 17.0±0.9, and 22.9±2.1 kg/m2 for Groups I, II, and III, respectively. We detected a statistically significant difference in serum sclerostin levels between Group II and Group I (p<0.005). There was a significant, positive correlation between the sclerostin level and BMI (r=0.258, p=0.014), weight (r=0.237, p=0.044), waist measurement (r=0.225, p=0.045), and hip measurement (r=0.225, p=0.033). Conclusion This study revealed that abnormal body composition in PCOS could alter circulating sclerostin levels.

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Impact on Body Mass Index and Thyroid Hormones in Euthyroid Obese Patients.

BACKGROUND Obesity is still a major global public health problem and its incidence is increasing. Obesity leads to deterioration in thyroid functions. Even when they are within normal ranges, high normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increase morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the body mass index (BMI) and TSH levels in 300 euthyroid patients with obesity before and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 300 euthyroid patients who underwent LSG between 2019 and 2021 were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and free triiodothyronine (FT) 3 and tetraiodothyronine (FT4) levels were recorded before surgery and at 6 and 12 months after surgery and subsequently analyzed. RESULTS Mean BMI values were significantly lower at 6 and 12 months after surgery (P<0.001). There was a significant difference between mean TSH and FT4 levels before surgery and those at 6 and 12 months after surgery (P<0.001). However, mean FT3 levels remained unchanged 1 year after surgery (P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS LSG is not only effective in terms of weight loss, but also exhibits improving effects on thyroid hormone homeostasis in obese patients and provides protection against further adverse effects of TSH.

Correlation of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness with One-hour Postload Plasma Glucose (1h-PPG) in Overweight and Obese North Indian Adults

Background: Cardiovascular morbidities like arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis have a negative association with insulin resistance, which can be identified by carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) measurement. One-hour postload plasma glucose (1 h-PPG) is a novel marker for early identification of insulin resistance, but very few studies are available on its relationship with CIMT. Objective: To identify the correlation of CIMT with 1 h-PPG in overweight and obese adults without diabetes. Methods: Individuals not having known diabetes or other chronic illnesses were identified and subjected to the initial anthropometric analysis for body mass index (BMI) calculation. A standard oral glucose tolerance test was performed on individuals with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 for 1 h-PPG values, and a B-mode ultrasound scan of the neck was used for CIMT measurement. A Pearson’s correlation statistical test was applied for correlation identification. Results: A total of 94 nondiabetic individuals participated, of whom 55 (58.5%) were women. Mean age, BMI, and CIMT values of the study population were 38.8 (±8.09) years, 29.6 (±3.22) kg/m2, and 0.72 (±0.10) mm, respectively. Average 1 h-PPG levels were 150.7 (±21.11) mg/dl, and the Pearson’s coefficient ( r) value with CIMT was 0.5792 ( P &lt; 0.05). Further, correlation analysis demonstrated an r-value of −0.0029 for BMI, −0.1293 for waist-hip ratio, −0.0047 for waist-height ratio, 0.3862 for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and −0.2930 for 2 h-PPG. Conclusion: In euglycemic adults, the early insulin resistance defining parameter, i.e., 1 h-PPG levels had a consistent positive correlation with CIMT, which is a marker of the initial stages of atherosclerosis.