Mean Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value Of Tumors Research Articles

Value of apparent diffusion coefficient factor in correlation with the molecular subtypes, tumor grade, and expression of Ki-67 in breast cancer

BackgroundBreast cancer is known to be the most common cancer in women; in the last decade, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging has become an important tool in the diagnosis of cancer breast. Numerous studies have analyzed associations between imaging and histopathological features as well as the proliferation potential of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and expression of Ki-67 as well as tumor molecular subtype in breast cancer.ResultsNo significant difference between the mean ADC value of tumors of grade I, II, and III was found. However, there was a significant difference between the mean ADC value of tumors of molecular type A and molecular type B (P = 0.000), HER2 overexpression (P = 0.018), and TN (P = 0.000), respectively. However, there was no significant difference between molecular type B, HER2 overexpression and TN. Also, no significant difference was found between the Ki-67 value of tumors of grade I, II, and III. Yet there was a significant difference between the mean ADC value of tumors of molecular type A and molecular type B (P = 0.000), HER2 overexpression (P = 0.014), and TN (P = 0.000), respectively. However, there was no significant difference between molecular type B, HER2 overexpression, and TN.ConclusionsThere is a significant inverse correlation between ADC values and Ki-67 expression. DWI and Ki-67 could be a good discriminator between tumors of molecular subtype A from other subtypes, yet it did not show a correlation with the tumor grade.

Correlative Study between ADC Value and Grading of Bladder Carcinoma

Abstract Background: Studying urinary bladder carcinoma is of great importance as it is one of the most common urological malignancies. Accurate pre-operative assessment of disease characteristics and prognosis would be of great help in the diagnosis and treatment planning of bladder cancer. Aim of Study: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) value in detecting the grading of urinary bladder cancer prior to management. Patients and Methods: Prospective study of 108 patients with mean age of 60.81±12.24, diagnosed with proven bladder carcinoma. Two radiologists prospectively assessed the mor-phological and qualitative descriptors of the included carci-nomas (restricted diffusion) and quantitative analysis of the ADC maps. The mean ADC value of the bladder lesions was calculated and correlated with the pathological grade according which was established by means of an open or a core needle biopsy (considered as the standard reference). Results: There was significant difference between the mean ADC value of tumors of grade I and III (p=0.000); and between grade I and II (p=0.00) with slight less significant difference between grade II and III (p=0.022). High ADC values were associated with low grade tumors. Conclusion: DWI is a contrast-free modality that allows for both morphological and quantitative analysis. ADC value is a good discriminator between low and high grade tumors and hence predictor of the histological grade of bladder tumors and prognosis.

Correlative study between ADC value and grading of invasive breast cancer

BackgroundStudying breast carcinoma is of great importance as it is the commonest female malignancy. Accurate preoperative assessment of disease characteristics and prognosis would be of great help in the diagnosis and treatment planning of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in detecting the grading of invasive breast carcinoma prior to management.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the mean ADC value of tumors of grade I and III (p = 0.001) and between grade I and II (p = 0.002). However, there was no significant difference between grade II and III (p = 0.979). High ADC values were associated with low-grade tumors. The mean ADC value of 0.93 × 10–3 mm2/s showed sensitivity 98%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 83.3%, accuracy 98.2%, AUC = 0.994, and 95% confidence interval of 0.978 to 1.000.ConclusionDWI is a contrast-free modality that allows for both morphological and quantitative analysis. ADC value may not be the proper modality to determine the prognosis of breast cancer due to overlap values, yet it could be a good discriminator between low- and high-grade tumors and hence predictor of breast cancer cells that would respond to chemotherapy.

Histopathology of lung adenocarcinoma based on new IASLC/ATS/ERS classification: Prognostic stratification with functional and metabolic imaging biomarkers

To correlate the results of histopathologic subtyping and grading of lung adenocarcinoma with maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) on positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values on diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI). Forty-three patients were included. The SUVmax and mean ADC values of tumors were measured and correlated with the histologic subtypes and grades of lung adenocarcinomas based on the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification scheme. Disease-free survival (DFS) was estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to evaluate differences among three histologic grades or subgroups classified with imaging biomarker study results. Five (12.5%) tumors belonged to low grade, 30 (70%) to intermediate grade, and 8 (18.5%) to high grade, and patients with low-grade histology had lower risk of recurrence than those with intermediate- or high-grade histology (P = 0.048). A significant difference in SUVmax and mean ADC values was observed among three histologic grades (Ps < 0.001). Regarding DFS, lower metabolic (PET) activity or higher functional (DWI) diffusivity showed longer DFS. When patients (n = 30; 70% of patients) with intermediate histologic grade were subgrouped in consideration of both SUVmax and mean ADC results, combining metabolic and functional criteria helped stratify patients more precisely (P = 0.006). SUVmax and mean ADC value correlate well with the histologic grades in lung adenocarcinomas, and combining both imaging biomarker study results leads to more useful stratification of patients into different prognostic subsets than the results of each study.

Can pretreatment ADC values predict recurrence of bladder cancer after transurethral resection?

ObjectiveThe aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the association between the pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and recurrence of bladder cancer after transurethral resection. MethodsPatients with superficial bladder cancer were identified. Mean ADC values of the tumors were compared between patients with and without recurrence following trans-urethral resection. A receiver–operator characteristic curve was used for determining the optimal cutoff ADC value. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the effect of ADC values and other factors. ResultsWith a mean follow-up period of 25 months, bladder cancer recurred in 14 of 44 patients (32%). The mean ADC value of tumors in patients with recurrence was lower than in those without recurrence (1.08mm2/s vs. 1.28×10−3mm2/s; p=0.003). The optimal cutoff ADC value for predicting recurrence was determined to be 1.12×10−3mm2/s. A modest and significant negative correlation was observed between the ADC values and tumor size (r=−0.436, p=0.008). After adjustment for size and risk groups, an ADC value equal to or less than the optimal cutoff remained a significant predictor of recurrence (odds ratio 6.3, 95% CI 1.23–32.2, p=0.027). ConclusionPretreatment ADC values may be an independent predictor of bladder cancer recurrence.

High-b-Value Diffusion-Weighted Imaging at 3 T to Detect Prostate Cancer: Comparisons Between b Values of 1,000 and 2,000 s/mm2

The objective of our study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of 3-T MRI of the prostate using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with high b values (1,000 and 2,000 s/mm2) and a phased-array coil in predicting localized prostate cancer. Forty-eight patients underwent single-shot echo-planar DWI at 3 T, followed by radical prostatectomy. DWI was performed at high b values of 1,000 and 2,000 s/mm2. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were analyzed by visual and quantitative assessment for tumor and benign tissue in the peripheral and transition zones. The visual and quantitative results of ADC maps obtained at b values of 1,000 and 2,000 s/mm2 were compared with the histopathologic findings. To predict localized prostate cancer, the sensitivity of ADC maps obtained at a b value of 1,000 versus 2,000 s/mm2 was 88% and 71%, respectively, and the accuracy was 89% and 86% (p<0.01). The mean ADC values of tumors in both the peripheral and transition zones were significantly lower than those of benign tissues at both b values of 1,000 and 2,000 s/mm2 (p<0.001). Prostate DWI performed at 3 T using high b values was able to improve differentiation of tumors from benign tissue. DWI performed using a b value of 1,000 s/mm2 was more sensitive and more accurate in predicting localized prostate cancer than DWI performed using a b value of 2,000 s/mm2.