Mean Age Of Pregnant Women Research Articles

Pregnancy and psychoemotional state of women after in vitro fertilization

Aim. To study the psycho-emotional state of pregnant women after IVF and to identify the factors influencing it.Materials and methods. A total of 104 pregnant women were included in a comparative study. They were divided into two groups: one group consisted of women whose pregnancy occurred after IVF (main group), and the other group consisted of women whose pregnancy occurred naturally (comparison group). Psychodiagnostic questionnaires were used to assess the psycho-emotional state of the pregnant women. Statistical processing was performed using the STATISTICA 10.0 program, and differences were considered significant at a significance level of p=0.05.Results and discussion. The results of the analysis showed that the mean age of pregnant women after IVF was 30.8±1.3 years, which was significantly higher than that of women with natural pregnancy (mean age 22.38±4.6 years). In the group of women who became pregnant after IVF, there were more women with a complicated obstetric and gynaecological history and with extragenital pathology. The results of psychodiagnostic studies showed that women in the IVF group had a high level of anxiety. Factors such as the age of the pregnant woman, history of infertility, longterm and unsuccessful infertility treatment, and the presence of somatic pathology negatively affect the mental health of pregnant women.Conclusion. Thus, a high level of anxiety, fear about the course of the pregnancy and the health of the unborn child is characteristic of women whose pregnancy occurred after IVF. Psycho-emotional reactions are associated with the nature of the pathology of the pregnancy, the duration of infertility treatment and a burdened obstetric and gynaecological history. It is important to create special consultation rooms for psychological support. The help of a perinatal psychologist is necessary. Collaboration between the psychologist and the attending physician can achieve the best results.

Prevalence of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension in Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Maharashtra

Background- Blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mmHg, taken after a period of rest, on two occasions or ≥160/110 mmHg on one occasion in a previously normotensive woman is labeled as pregnancy-induced hypertension. [1,2] Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a pregnancy-specific condition that includes gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia (PE), and eclampsia (E). It is linked to intrauterine death, abruptio placentae, maternal mortality, and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) [3, 4]. Aim - to find the prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension in women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods- Total 200 pregnant women with a gestational age of 20 weeks or greater visiting ANC clinic were included in the study during the period of 5 months (December 2023 to April 2024) at VVP rural hospital, Loni. Demographic details and blood pressure were collected. Data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013 and pspp version 1.0.1. Results- Mean age of participant mothers was 23.2 years. Out of total 200 participants, 15 (7.5%) women presented with PIH (8, gestational hypertension and 5, pre-eclampsia and 2, eclampsia). Mean age of pregnant women presenting with PIH was 29 years as compared to the mean age of pregnant women without PIH which was 22 years. Out of 15 participants with PIH, 10 were primigravida, 8 and 3 were from lower and lower middle class respectively. Conclusion- PIH is still important problem and health education and awareness is still needed especially in rural communities.

The Relationship Between Cyberchondria and Health Anxiety in Pregnant Women

Pregnant women frequently use the internet to obtain health information about pregnancy. The increased anxiety about health during pregnancy can trigger the cyberchondria form of this behavior. This study aimed to investigate cyberchondria and health anxiety in pregnant women. The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 314 pregnant women who visited the obstetrics clinics of two hospitals in western Turkey between October and December 2019. The Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS-15) and the Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) were used for data collection. Data were evaluated with parametric tests and correlation analysis. The mean age of pregnant women participating in the study was 28.10 ± 5.19, and 72.6% were unemployed. The CSS-15 mean score was 39.87 ± 8.82, and SHAI was 15.81 ± 6.84. The nulliparous pregnant women, employed university graduates, used the internet almost every day and searched some topics related to pregnancy, birth, and breastfeeding and were found to have higher scores on CSS-15 (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between cyberchondria and health anxiety (r: 0.253, p < 0.001). This study showed that cyberchondria severity increases anxiety in pregnant women. Health professionals should also consider cyberchondria when assessing the anxiety of pregnant women.

The role of the ratio of first trimester CRL (crown rump length) measurement to NT (nuchal translucency) measurements in predicting early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR)

Objective: Our aim is to evaluate the role of the ratio of first-trimester CRL (crown rump length) measurement to NT (nuchal translucency) measurements in predicting early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) and to contribute to the existing literature.&#x0D; Methods: In the present case-control study, fetuses with early-onset FGR were compared to a frequency matched low risk control group. This study was conducted in the perinatology clinic of Ankara Bilkent City Hospital between 2020 and 2023. Maternal age, gravidity, parity, crown-rump length (CRL), and nuchal translucency (NT) measurements were compared between pregnant women with early onset FGR (n=39) and pregnant women without FGR (n=50).&#x0D; Results: The mean age of pregnant women with FGR who participated in the study was 27.1±0.8, and the mean age of pregnant women without FGR was 26.3±0.6, and no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p=0.4)). Mean CRL was 54.98±1.08 mm in the group with FGR and 56.99±1.11 mm in the group without FGR; there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.2). The NT value was 1.11 ± 0.04 mm in the FGR group and 1.13 ± 0.02 mm in the without FGR group, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.73). The mean CRL/NT ratio was 52.00±2.33 in the group with early onset FGR and 51.46±1.48 in the group without FGR and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.83).&#x0D; When the early developing FGR group is evaluated within itself, the mean age at diagnosis was 31.7±0.3 weeks. EFW mean percentile at diagnosis was 4.5±0.6 and ac percentile was 2.9±0.4. The mean umbilical artery systole/diastole ratio (UA-SD) was 2.9±0.16 and the mean umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI) was 1.02±0.05.&#x0D; Conclusion: Crown-rump length to nuchal translucency ratio is not clinically useful to predict early-onset FGR.

Prenatal identification of fetal growth restriction and risk of stillbirth

The aim of the work is to determine the frequency and impact of prenatal identification of fetal growth restriction (FGR) on obstetric and perinatal outcomes based on a retrospective analysis. Materials and methods. In total, 618 birth histories in singleton normal pregnancies complicated by FGR in the city of Zaporizhzhia were analyzed. Of these, in 546 cases of FGR, women gave birth to live infants (group I), and in 72 such cases, pregnancies ended up in a stillbirth (group II). The mean age of pregnant women in the studied groups was 28.7 ± 3.1 and 31.7 ± 3.1 years and it was significantly greater in group II (p &lt; 0.0001). In all the cases, the gestational age was ≥22 weeks, and the fetal weight was less than the 10th percentile for the relevant gestational age according to the current Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 1718 dated 02.10.2023. Growth restriction in newborns was determined according to the criteria of the Consensus Definition (2018) including birth weight the &lt;3rd percentile, or a combination of three of the following criteria: birth weight the &lt;10th percentile; head circumference the &lt;10th percentile; prenatal diagnosis of FGR; prenatal risk factors associated with FGR. A stillbirth was defined as death of a fetus after 22 weeks of gestation without any signs of life. Exclusion criteria from the study were: multiple pregnancy, the presence of a chromosomal abnormality in a fetus, an undetermined gestational age in the 1st trimester. Results. A significant proportion of fetuses with FGR signs has been revealed in group II, which was 17 times more than that in group I. The study data have demonstrated a rather low level of prenatal FGR identification in both groups (35.6 %), while in group II, the diagnosis of FGR was made before delivery only in every fifth case (p &lt; 0.05). Data analysis has shown a higher percentage of preterm births among pregnant women in group II (p &lt; 0.0001) with the maximum number of births in this group at 28- and 36-weeks’ gestation. The average weight percentile was significantly higher in group II, namely 4.12 compared to 3.77 (p &lt; 0.0001), however, the number of fetuses with a weight the &lt;1st percentile occurred significantly more often in group I (p &lt; 0.05). The frequency of fetal distress in group I was greater among fetuses with the birth weight 10th percentile than among those with fetal weight less than the 3rd percentile. Conclusions. The conducted study results have shown a large percentage of FGR fetuses in the structure of stillbirths with no downward trend. A low level of FGR prenatal identification has been found in both groups (35.6 %), while in the group of stillbirths, the indicator was significantly lower and amounted to 22.22 %. The presence of FGR has resulted in a significant increase in the relative risk of stillbirth – 28.4, 95 % CI [21.2; 38.3]. Besides, the additional risk was increased (11.0, 95 % CI [8.7; 13.8]) if FGR was not diagnosed during pregnancy. At the same time, the odds ratio was 32.1, 95 % CI [23.3; 44.1].

The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Counseling on Blood Glucose and Perceived Stress in Women with Gestational Diabetes.

Gestational diabetes can cause maternal and neonatal morbidity. Psychological factors, especially stress, play a meaningful role in diabetes management. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction counseling on blood sugar and perceived stress in women with gestational diabetes. The present quasi-experimental interventional study was performed on 78 women with gestational diabetes. In the intervention group, a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction counseling program was conducted by the researcher in 8 sessions of 90 minutes twice a week. The Cohen stress questionnaire was filled in both groups. Also, fasting blood sugar and 2-hour blood sugar levels were measured in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent T-Test, the paired T-Test, the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon Tests using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 20 version (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The mean age of pregnant women in the intervention group was 28.84 ± 6.20 years old and 29.03 ± 5.42 years old in the control group. There was a significant mean difference between the fasting blood sugar score (p = 0.02; - 6.01; and - 11.46) and the 2-hour fasting blood sugar score (p < 0.001;12.35; and - 5.3) and the perceived stress score (p < 0.001; 35.57; and - 49.19) existed between the intervention and control groups after the intervention. The results of the present study showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction counseling is effective in reducing blood sugar levels and reducing perceived stress in women with gestational diabetes treated with diet.

Pregnancy among Women Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination in a Centre.

Intrauterine insemination is often performed as the first-line treatment option in many subfertility cases. Successful intrauterine insemination treatment among indicated couples helps to reduce unnecessary in-vitro fertilisation treatment. Although widely practised, the data on pregnancy after intrauterine insemination treatment is limited. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of pregnancy among women undergoing intrauterine insemination in a centre. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a centre among women undergoing intrauterine insemination. Data from 15 May 2017 to 15 April 2021 were collected between 16 June 2022 to 1 July 2022 from the hospital records. Ethical approval was taken from the Nepal Health Research Council. Systematic sampling technique was applied to select the appropriate sample. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Among 225 women undergoing intrauterine insemination, pregnancy was achieved in 23 (10.22%) (6.26-14.18, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean age of pregnant women was 29.17±3.34 years and the mean duration of infertility was 3.93±2.90 years. More than half of the pregnant women 13 (56.52%) had undergone insemination with the husband's semen whereas the remaining 10 women (43.48%) had undergone insemination with donor semen. The prevalence of pregnancy among women undergoing intrauterine insemination was similar to other studies done in similar settings. artificial insemination; Nepal; pregnancy rate.

Oral Health Among Pregnant Women at Ilam, Iran: A KAP Study

Background: Pregnancy is a unique period during a woman’s life and is characterized by complex physiological changes, which may adversely affect oral health. Objectives: The current study aimed at determining pregnant women’s knowledge, attitude and practice on oral health in 2018 to improve their knowledge, attitude and practice and subsequently decreasing oral diseases. Methods: In a cross- sectional study, 320 pregnant women referring to Ilam city health centers were selected through simple random sampling method. Data collection was done employing a questionnaire containing four main parts viz demographic, knowledge, attitude, and practice questions on oral health. Results: The mean age of pregnant women was 27.74 years. Their knowledge, attitude, and practice on oral health during pregnancy were moderate. Further, 16.2%, 12.5%, and 18.1% of them were having good knowledge, attitude and practice on oral health, respectively. The statistically significant relationship was seen between mothers’ knowledge and occupation, education, insurance coverage, and training provided in health centers on oral health (P &lt; 0.05). The practice of pregnant mothers on oral health showed a significant relationship with their education at 0.05 level. Conclusions: Based on the finding obtained, the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women on oral health during pregnancy were almost good. Paying much more attention through proper educational interventions on oral health during pregnancy is highly recommended.

Longitudinal Study of Plasma Visfatin/Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) Levels in Healthy Pregnant Women.

Visfatin/nicotinamide phosphorybosil transferase (NAMPT) is a novel adipocytokine with potential roles in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders, including gestational disorders. However, there is no clear interpretation regarding the circulating visfatin levels in a healthy pregnancy. Therefore, we conducted the first longitudinal study of plasma visfatin levels that followed up healthy pregnant women until the third trimester, including the postpartum period (PPP). The study recruited healthy women with singleton pregnancy who were not using any drug (including tobacco and alcohol). We have excluded pregnant women who did not attend all scheduled exams and developed gestational diabetes or hypertension, obesity, preeclampsia, or any infections during pregnancy. Nine women were considered eligible and examined during all three trimesters of pregnancy and between 8 and 12 weeks postpartum (PPP). Visfatin/NAMPT concentrations were measured in EDTA-plasma by ELISA. The mean age of pregnant women included was 22±5 years (54% primiparous), and the mean of gestational age at delivery was 40±1.2 weeks. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 90 and 70 mmHg, respectively. Mean values (± standard error mean) of visfatin concentrations (μg/L) during trimesters were 11.38±1.45 (first, 11-14 weeks), 9.18±1.82 (second, 20-24 weeks), 18.67±2.65 (third, 34-36 weeks), and 10.12±1.49 in the PPP. The value of the third trimester was significantly higher than the second trimester, and significantly reduced in the PPP (p<0.05, ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests). Visfatin/NAMPT levels are significantly lower in the PPP, suggesting that factors stimulating its production would be limited to pregnancy, thereby contributing to its potential application as a biomarker in pregnancy complications.

Reproductive and Obstetric Outcomes after UAE, HIFU, and TFA of Uterine Fibroids: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Novel treatment options for uterine fibroids, such as uterine artery embolization (UAE), ultrasound-guided and magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU and MRgHIFU), and transcervical radiofrequency ablation (TFA) methods, are widely used in clinical practice. This systematic review and meta-analysis (CRD42022297312) aims to assess and compare reproductive and obstetric outcomes in women who underwent these minimally invasive approaches for uterine fibroids. The search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Cochrane guidelines. The articles were selected to meet the following eligibility criteria: (1) research article, (2) human subject research, and (3) the study of pregnancy outcomes after the treatment of uterine fibroids by either one of three methods-UAE, HIFU, and TFA. The analysis of 25 eligible original articles shows a similar rate of live births for UAE, USgHIFU, MRgHIFU, and TFA (70.8%, 73.5%, 70%, and 75%, respectively). The number of pregnancies varied considerably among these studies, as well as the mean age of pregnant women. However, the results of pregnancy outcomes for TFA are insufficient to draw firm conclusions, since only 24 women became pregnant in these studies, resulting in three live births. The miscarriage rate was highest in the UAE group (19.2%). USgHIFU was associated with a higher rate of placental abnormalities compared to UAE (2.8% vs. 1.6%). The pooled estimate of pregnancies was 17.31% to 44.52% after UAE, 18.69% to 78.53% after HIFU, and 2.09% to 7.63% after TFA. The available evidence confirmed that these minimally invasive uterine-sparing treatment options for uterine fibroids are a good approach for patients wishing to preserve their fertility, with comparable reproductive and obstetric outcomes among the different techniques.

THE EFFECT OF SUPPORTIVE COUNSELING WITH ACUPRESSURE ON NAUSEA AND VOMITING IN PREGNANT WOMEN REFERRING TO HEALTH CENTERS IN HAMADAN, IRAN: A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE BLIND CONTROLLED TRIAL STUDY

Objective: To measure the effect of supportive counseling and acupressure on P6 point on nausea and vomiting. Methodology: This study is a randomized clinical trial with two groups. And has been done in the health clinic centers of Hamadan, Iran, in 2020. A total of 60 pregnant women were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 received three face-to-face support counseling sessions by a midwife, one session every week, and continuous follow-ups by phone or online, using a 24-hour P6 acupressure wristband for fourteen days, and group 2 had the same number of sessions with using a placebo wristband. The severity of nausea and vomiting was assessed based on PUQE-24 questionnaire item for 17 days. Results: The mean age of pregnant women in two groups were 28.10 (5.13) and 27.93 (14.71) respectively. Nausea exacerbating variables and level of spouse information about pregnancy, appropriate verbal, sexual and emotional communication with spouse, level of domestic violence, level of information about nausea reduction methods in both groups were homogeneous (p&gt;0.05). There was a decreasing trend in the mean scores of ques­tions 1(duration of nausea or stomach problems), 2 (number of vomiting times during the day) and 3 (number of retching per day) after the intervention (p&lt;0.001). But the trend of decreasing scores in the first group was more than the second group. Although there was no significant difference (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, acupressure on P6 combined with supportive counseling is indicated to min­imize vomiting and nausea during pregnancy.

Quality of Life and Depression Conditions of Women with Gestational Diabetes during Pregnancy and Postpartum Period.

The study was conducted to determine the quality of life and depression of women with gestational diabetes during pregnancy and the postpartum period. 100 pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 100 healthy pregnant women were included in the present study. Data were obtained from pregnant women in their third trimester who agreed to take part in the study. The data was collected during the third trimester and six to eight weeks after the baby was born. The data were obtained by socio-demographic characteristics form, postpartum data collection form, the MOS 36 Item Short Form Health Survey and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). The mean age of pregnant women with gestational diabetes in the study was the same as the average age of healthy pregnant women. The CESD score of pregnant women with gestational diabetes was 26,77 ± 4,85 while the corresponding score was 25,19 ± 4,43 for healthy women. Additionally, the score in the postpartum period was 32.47 ± 5.94 for pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 35.47 ± 8.33 for healthy pregnant women. CESD scores were found to be higher than the cut-off score of 16 in both groups, and the mean scores increased during the postpartum period. During the postpartum period, the quality of life of pregnant women with gestational diabetes was affected more negatively than healthy pregnant women. Depressive symptoms of women with both gestational diabetes and healthy pregnancy were found to be high in pregnancy and postpartum periods.

The Frequency of Pregnancy Complaints and the Effective Socio-demographic Factors Among Pregnant Women Referring to Neyshabur Health Centers in 2021

Background: Pregnancy is one of the most sensitive stages of a woman's life, and changes at this time can have physical and psychological complications for women. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the frequency of pregnancy complaints (PC) and the effective socio-demographic factors among pregnant women referred to Neyshabur health centers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 417 pregnant women referred to Neyshabur health centers in 2021. Data collection was carried out using demographic characteristics and PC questionnaires. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation), analytical statistics (multiple linear regression). The software used for data analysis was SPSS software version 22. The significance level was considered at 0.05. Results: The mean age of pregnant women was 28.36 ± 5.96. The mean PC score was 37.76 ± 8.85. Fatigue (73.38%) and hemorrhoids (4.8%) were the most common and least common PC. Multiple linear regression results showed that maternal age (P &lt; 0.05) and sleep quality (P &lt; 0.001) were statistically significant variables related to PC. On this basis, as maternal age increases, the mean score for PC increases by 0.94. In addition, the average score of pregnancy-related complaints for those with a good sleep quality was 6.32 lower than for those with a bad sleep quality. Conclusions: Maternal age and bad sleep quality factors increase the possibility of a pregnancy-related complaint. So, it is recommended that healthcare providers develop and implement educational interventions to improve sleep quality and pregnancy awareness at older ages.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the capute scales in offspring of mothers with normal and deficient vitamin D levels

Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with a child's neurocognitive development. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Capute Scales have become ineffective because requiring face-to-face interaction to examine children's neurocognitive development. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is an alternative method to determine children's neurocognitive development through blood sampling. This study aims to evaluate the relationships between BDNF and the Capute Scales in the offspring of mothers with vitamin D levels. Methods: A diagnostic study from 14 community health centers in Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia, was conducted. The study was performed from August 2017 until August 2018 and included vitamin D level records at 20–24 weeks of normal gestation in 2017 from all single births at these community health centers. The cases were divided into two groups: 30 children born to mothers with normal vitamin D levels (25(OH)D &gt; 20 ng/mL) and 30 children born to mothers with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D &lt; 20 ng/ml). This study aimed to assess the relationship between BDNF levels and the Capute Scales of children aged 2 years and to determine the cut-off value based on each group's examination of BDNF levels. Results: The mean age of pregnant women whose vitamin D levels were checked was 29.32 years. The cut-off value of BDNF among the two groups was 7968 pg/mL. Of the 55 samples that met the Capute Scales criteria, 44 had a BDNF value less than the cut-off value, and 11 samples had a BDNF value more than the cut-off value. Meanwhile, of the five samples that met the Capute Scales criteria and were suspected of mental retardation, three had a BDNF value less than the cut-off value, and two had a BDNF value more than the cut-off value. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were 80%, 60%, 0.93, and 0.15, respectively. Conclusions: BDNF levels can be an alternative neurocognitive examination in children born to mothers with normal and deficient vitamin D levels. BDNF is a growth factor that plays an important role in neurons' differentiation, growth, and survival in the postnatal phase.

The effect of COVID-19 disease diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy on obstetric outcomes

Aim: The purpose of this article is to analyze the maternal, fetal, and obstetric outcomes of pregnancies diagnosed with coronavirus 2019 disease in the first trimester.&#x0D; Methods: A prospective analysis of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during the first trimester of pregnancy and hospitalized was performed. Obstetric complications, delivery, and neonatal outcomes were reported in the following weeks of pregnancy.&#x0D; Results: We included seventy-five patients in the study. The mean age of pregnant women, Covid-19 positive, was 28.2 years, and the mean gestational week was 9.9 weeks. The mean delivery week was 31.65±9.47. Twenty-seven of the patients had preterm delivery. There was no neonatal Sars Cov-2 positivity among all the cases in any babies. Fifteen of twenty-nine patients with severe Covid-19 resulted in preterm delivery.&#x0D; Conclusion: Pregnant women with severe Covid-19 in their first trimester are at higher risk of premature birth, intrauterine fetal death, and perinatal complications

Evaluation of Doppler Indices for Umbilical Artery in Hypertensive Women in Third Trimester of pregnancy

Background: The hypertensive disorders affect pregnant women and can create complications for the women in last trimester of pregnancy. To assess the impact of high hypertension, doppler scan is recommended in the third trimester.&#x0D; Objective: Present explores values of PSV, EDV, S/D ratio, RI and PI among normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women during third trimester of pregnancy in Islamabad, Pakistan.&#x0D; Material and Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted at PIMS hospital Islamabad with objectives to evaluate doppler indices in fetal umbilical artery among hypertensive pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Data were collected from 1st February 2022 to 15th May 2022. A total of 93 pregnant women were recruited from already registered at maternal child health care center of PIMS and recommended for doppler indices scan. Toshiba Aplio 300 Ultrasound System was used for the assessment. Data about S/D ratio, RI and PI was analyzed by using IBM SPSS® software platform.&#x0D; Results: Mean Age of pregnant women in our study conducted was 26.722 ± 4.133. Also the mean gestational week for pregnant women was 32.163 ± 2.35. Doppler indices were significantly raised in hypertensive women as compared to normotensive women. Doppler indices i.e. Pulsatility Index (Mean 1.049 ± 0.312 vs 1.360 ± 0.421), Resistivity Index (Mean 0.631 ± 0.114 vs 0.743 ± 0.01), Systolic/Diastolic flow (Mean 2.672 ± 0.512 vs 3.818 ± 0.986) were increased in third trimester of hypertensive women as compared to normotensive patients.&#x0D; Conclusion: In this study, among doppler indices pulsatility index and resistivity index were identified as significant after applying null hypothesis test. Doppler ultrasound should be used to identify vascular resistance and evaluating degree of fetoplacental blood flow in hypertensive pregnant women.

Клініко-анамнестичні характеристики та медикаментозний супровід вагітних жінок із обтяженим акушерським анамнезом і тромбофіліями

The purpose of the study was to determine the clinical and anamnestic features (age characteristics of women and anamnestic features of previous pregnancies) of pregnant women with burdened obstetric history and thrombophilia with the establishment of the main pharmacological mechanisms of therapeutic support. Materials and methods. The study was performed at the Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Kharkiv National Medical University and at the Kharkiv Clinical Laboratory Center in the period from 2017 to 2021. We examined 137 pregnant women: the main group (101 women – pregnant women with a burdened obstetric history and thrombophilia aged 29.0 to 37.0 years) and the control group (36 women – pregnant women with a burdened obstetric history without thrombophilia aged 26.0 to 30.0 years). In general, the predominance of one (35.8 %) and two (46.7 %) pregnancies in the history of women with a burdened obstetric history compared to three (17.5 %) was noted. Results and discussion. An increase (U = 706.0; p &lt;0.001) in the chances of developing negative consequences of pregnancy in thrombophilia with increasing age due to negative idiopathic thromboembolic effects due to thrombophilia was noted. A higher mean age of pregnant women with a burdened obstetric history in the presence of thrombophilia (33.0 [29.0; 37.0] years) was determined compared with the control (28.0 [26.0; 30.0] years). The maximum negative manifestations of idiopathic thromboembolic effects due to thrombophilia in the first pregnancy were found. The predominance of cases of fetal death in the first pregnancy of women with two (94.1 %) and three (78.3 %) pregnancies was determined. In general, the need for antiplatelet therapy in thrombophilia was stated. Its use (χ2 = 46,950; p &lt;0.001) was determined in 85.1 % of cases, the majority (65.3 %) of one drug (probably (χ2 = 164.54; p &lt;0.001) more often (52.5 %) acetylsalicylic acid compared with dipyridamole (5.9 %)). It was found that anti aggregate therapy, which included two drugs (combination: acetylsalicylic acid, dipyridamole or klexan) was most often used in the first (40.7%) pregnancy in contrast to the second (11.8%) and third (13.0 %). Conclusion. The study found that antiplatelet therapy with only one drug (acetylsalicylic acid, dipyridamole or klexan) was more commonly used in the second (74.5%) and third (73.9%) pregnancies than in the first one (40.7%). It was naturally determined that the absence of any medication was noted most often by pregnant women in the first (18.5%) pregnancy in contrast to the second (13.7%) and third (13.0%)

Influencing Factors of Perinatal Outcomes of Pregnant Women with Diabetes under Ultrasound Guidance Guided by Multioperator Algorithm

Objective. Ultrasound images based on a multioperator algorithm were used to explore the relationship between hemodynamic parameters of pregnant women and fetuses with abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) during pregnancy and an adverse pregnancy outcome (APO). In addition, the influencing factors leading to APO were analyzed. Methods. 121 pregnant women with AGM during the third trimester of pregnancy were divided into poor prognosis group (group P, 80 cases) and good prognosis group (group G, 41 cases) according to the pregnancy outcome. Ultrasound technology based on a multioperator algorithm was used to detect the two groups of pregnant women, and the detection indexes were hemodynamic parameters of the fetus and uterus. The correlation between hemodynamic parameters and pregnancy outcome was analyzed by Logistic regression. Results. Compared with group G, the values of MCA-PI and MCA/UA in group P were dramatically decreased, while Ut-A-PI was dramatically increased p &lt; 0.05 . When MCA-PI was less than 1.60, the sensitivity and specificity of MCA-PI for predicting APO reached 92.5% and 90.2%, respectively. The mean age of pregnant women, high-density lipoprotein level, family history of diabetes, and number of exercises during pregnancy in baseline data of group P were dramatically different from that of group G p &lt; 0.05 . Advanced age and high-density lipoprotein level were risk factors for a poor prognosis, while MCA-PI, MCA-RI, and MCA/UA were protective factors for a good prognosis. Conclusion. The results show that color Doppler ultrasound based on the multioperator algorithm can be used to predict APO, and MCA-PI less than 1.60 was the most important predictive index and critical value.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Perineal Trauma

Objective: To identify the Incidence of and risk factors for perineal trauma. Study Design: Prospective research Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Ayesha Hospital Nishat Colony Lahore from 01-07-2021 to 31-12-2021. Methodology: Four hundred and sixteen pregnant women with perineal trauma condition were enrolled who either delivered at homes or hospitals were detailed interviewed for their clinical history and characteristics regarding their condition. Results: The mean age of pregnant women was 24.2±3.3 years. Out of total births in singleton 264 were at hospital while 152 at home. The results showed that 2nd degree tear was significant higher (P&lt;0.05) in hospital delivery multiparous case. Conclusion: Women having multipara had a 3-fold higher incidence of intact perineum than nullipara. Keywords: Perineal trauma, Nulliparous, Multiparous

Prediction of Preeclampsia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome on the Basis of Uterine Artery Doppler

Background: Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy are common. Preeclampsia and eclampsia are major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. With prompt recognition of symptoms and early diagnosis of preeclampsia can lead to improved maternal and neonatal outcome. Numerous tests have been proposed for the prediction of preeclampsia, their results have been inconsistent. We focused to investigate the uterine artery by conducting Doppler ultrasound study in predicting the preeclampsia in women with a high-risk pregnancy. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 195 pregnant women referred to Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Wardha (India). Uterine artery Doppler was conducted on all women with raised blood pressure referred to the radiology department. The patients were followed up and outcomes such as eclampsia, chronic hypertension, death, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, low birth weight, and preterm labor association with preeclampsia were measured. Results: The mean age of pregnant women was 26.47 ± 4.96 years old. Preeclampsia was seen in 68 (34.9%) of the women. In the study, maternal outcome such as eclampsia and maternal high blood pressure (HTN) was significantly associated with preeclampsia. Similarly, neonatal outcomes such as low birth weight, NICU admission, and intrauterine growth restriction were significantly associated with preeclampsia. Pulsatility Index (PI) at &gt;1.2 had the highest sensitivity of 64.71%, specificity of 71.65%, positive predictive value of 55%, and negative predictive value of 79.1% to predict preeclampsia than any other Doppler indices. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that PI at &gt;1.2 had better validity in predicting preeclampsia compared to resistive index (RI) and Standard deviation.