Meadow Alluvial Soils Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES ON THE YIELD OF MAIZE HYBRIDS

In this article, information is given on the date, number and norm of irrigation of Uzbekistan-601 ECB, NS-6010 F1 hybrids of maize, which were carried out by furrow and drip irrigation in the conditions of weakly salted meadow alluvial soils of Bukhara province, and yield data obtained from options conducted in different irrigation regimes.

Effect of stimulants to photosynthetic and symbiotic activity of indigofera tinctoria L. Plant

The article describes the application period and standards of various stimulants on photosynthetic and symbiotic activity of the nontraditional leguminous plant Indigofera (Indigofera tinctoria L.) during its cultivation in the conditions of the meadow alluvial soils of the Khorezm region of the northern are of Republic of Uzbekistan. When Indigofera is applied with Geohumat stimulator for at the rate of 1.0 l/t along with planting and 1.6 l/ha during the 3-4 true leaves and pruning periods of the growing season, the intensity of development increased, and it has been substantiated that the area of the leaf surface in one plant was 3675.0 cm2, compared to the control variant without the stimulant was 1286.3 cm2/plant. and 397.5 cm2/plant compared to the variant where Geohumat stimulator was used only with planting, photosynthetic potential has increased up to 92766.0 cm2/plant. In addition, when Geohumat stimulator is applied at acceptable rates along with planting and during the period of 3-4 true leaves of the growing season, up to 70 nodular bacteria are formed in one Indigofera root, and its positive effect on improving soil fertility is explained.

Impact of salinity levels on the physical properties of irrigated meadow alluvial soils in Bukhara region

This article provides data on the impact of salinity levels on the physical properties of irrigated meadow alluvial soils with varying salinity levels in the Bukhara region. It thoroughly examines the degree of influence of soil salinity on soil mechanical composition, overall physical properties, bulk density, specific gravity, and porosity

Effect of Sowing Time and Rate on Growth, Development and Productivity of Crotalaria Juncae. L

In this article, the influence of the non-traditional legume Crotalaria (Crotalaria juncae L.) as the main crop on its growth, development and productivity in conditions of degraded meadow alluvial soils of Khorezm region is described. That is, the highest indicators of seed germination were observed on May 1-5 of crotalaria in the version where 18 kg/ha of germinating seeds were planted, and increasing the sowing rates in all planting periods increased seed germination by 3-5%; as of July, when crotalaria was planted on April 20-25, the plant height was 10-14 cm higher than the options planted in other periods; in the case of September, when the plant was planted at 14 kg/ha on April 20-25, the number of leaves formed was 265.0, which was 85.0 more than when planted early and 15 more than when planted late, and the number of leaves when 14 kg/ha of seed was planted was 10 85.0 units per kg/ha compared to the variant planted with seeds, 111 units compared to the variant planted with 18 kg/ha; the higher seed yield of crotalaria in 20-25.04 when 14 kg/ha of seed is planted is 18.0 t/ha, compared to the option planted in the early period, 5.9 t/ha; 3.7 ts/ha compared to the option planted in the late period; 2.4 ts/ha compared to the option with 10 kg/ha of seeds; Compared to option 6, where 18 kg/ha of seeds were planted, 4.8 ts/ha of additional grain yield was scientifically justified. Key words: Crotalaria juncae, grassland alluvial soil, legume, duration, rate, fertility, seed, hay, productivity.

Evaluation of growing of sweet maize varieties and hybrids as a repeated crop in different planting periods and schemes

In a comprehensive scientific study conducted in the Bukhara province, the cultivation of 12 varieties and hybrids of sweet (vegetable) corn was undertaken as a repeated crop in medium-saline meadow alluvial soils. Noteworthy varieties and hybrids evaluated in the study included "Zamin," "Mazza," "Megaton F1," and "Union F1," selected based on their suitability for the specific soil and climate conditions prevalent in the province. The research aimed to discern the optimal combinations of planting schemes and periods for maximizing yield in sweet corn production. Among the diverse planting schemes and periods tested, the study highlighted the effectiveness of the 60x30 and 70x25 cm schemes, identifying them as the optimal choices. Furthermore, the optimal planting period was pinpointed to be July 5, emphasizing the significance of timing in sweet corn cultivation in the region. The findings indicated that when varieties and hybrids like "Zamin," "Mazza," "Megaton F1," and "Union F1" were planted on July 5 using the 60x30 and 70x25 cm schemes, an impressive yield of 10.1-14.4 tons of vegetable cobs per hectare was achieved. This underscores the importance of meticulous selection of both planting schemes and periods to optimize sweet corn production in the specific agro-climatic conditions of the Bukhara province. The research outcomes contribute valuable insights for local farmers and agricultural practitioners, offering practical recommendations for enhancing crop productivity and ensuring sustainable sweet corn cultivation practices.

The importance of stimulators in cultivating a non-traditional plant-indigofera Tinctoria L

The article depicts the duration and norms of the use of various stimulants in the cultivation of the non-traditional leguminous plant Indigofera (Indigofera tinctoria L.) and its effect on seed yield, root and stem residues, and the amount of total proteins grown in the conditions of the meadow alluvial soils of the Khorezm, the northern region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. To get a high and quality seed yield from Indigofera, it should be sown at 3 kg per hectare in the third ten days of April, and a geohumat stimulator is applied at a rate of 1.0 l/ha along with sowing, 1.6 l/ha during the period of 3–4 true leaf appearances, and 1.6 l/ha in the flowering season of the vegetation. When applied at the rate of, a higher seed yield of 18.3 t/ha was obtained compared to the control option without stimulant use, 6.8 t/ha, and 2.9 t/ha compared to the option where Uzgumi as a chosen option was used only with planting, and it is based on the fact that 1.6 t/ha of additional seed yield can be obtained compared to the option where Geohumat stimulator was used only with planting. Also, it has been scientifically justified that the amount of total proteins increased up to 12.960% in the plant leaf, 30.980% in the seed, and 6.945% in the root when the geohumat stimulator was used at acceptable rates along with planting, during the 3–4 true leaves of the growing season, and during the flowering period. It indicates that the result is 1.249, 1.47, and 1.307% more proportionally than options grown without the stimulator.

Growing varieties sweet corn main period in Karakalpakstan

This article investigates the impact of planting the "Zamin" variety and "Megaton F1" hybrid of sweet corn in the moderately saline meadow-alluvial soils of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The study specifically focuses on the effects of planting these hybrids at different periods—April 20, May 1, and May 10—on various aspects of plant growth, development, vegetable cob productivity, and economic efficiency indicators. The findings indicate that when seeds of the "Zamin" variety and "Megaton F1" hybrid of sweet corn were planted on April 20, remarkable results were observed. The plants exhibited impressive height, ranging from 163.7 cm to 173.3 cm. Additionally, they were characterized by a substantial number of leaves (12.0 to 12.1 pieces) and seeds (3.0 to 3.6 pieces), showcasing robust growth and development. Furthermore, the productivity of these early-planted varieties was noteworthy, with a yield of 10.8 tons per hectare for the "Zamin" variety and 11.8 tons per hectare for the "Megaton F1" hybrid. Importantly, this represented an additional yield of 1.1 to 1.3 tons per hectare compared to the control, highlighting the positive impact of the early planting strategy. These results underscore the significance of the planting period in maximizing the growth, development, and overall productivity of sweet corn varieties in the specific agro-climatic conditions of Karakalpakstan. The study's insights contribute valuable information for local farmers and agricultural practitioners, offering a practical approach to enhancing crop yield and economic efficiency in sweet corn cultivation.

Salinity level impact on humus and gross npp content in irrigated soils

This article presents information about the negative impact of soil salinity, its content of anions and cations, such as chlorine, sulfate, sodium, magnesium, on the amount of humus and the amount of nutrients in alluvial soils of irrigated meadows of the Bukhara region.Under the conditions of irrigated meadow-alluvial soils of the Bukhara region, the amount of humus and gross NPP (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium), control indicators, i.e. non-saline soils change compared to weakly, moderately and highly saline soils, and scientific justification for this is given.

Formation, morphology and mechanical composition of meadow-alluvial soils in the Jizzakh desert

This paper explores the origins, formation processes, properties, and characteristics of meadow-alluvial soils found in the Jizzakh desert, as well as their morphological structure. The article delves into the role of soil-forming factors, the conditions of their formation, and the significance of parent rocks and deposits in shaping the mechanical structure of the soil. The granulometric composition of meadow-alluvial soils, including the quantity of dust and clay particles and the total amount of microaggregates, is examined. The mechanical composition of arable and sub-arable soils is described, along with the lithological structure and structural composition of the salt profile.

Short Crop Rotation under No-Till Improves Crop Productivity and Soil Quality in Salt Affected Areas

Soil productivity and crop yield were examined in response to legume-based short crop rotation under conventional (CT) and no-till (NT) tillage practices in saline meadow-alluvial soils of the arid region in Bukhara, Uzbekistan. Compared with the CT treatment, crop yield was consistently higher under NT, i.e., winter wheat 9.63%, millet 9.9%, chickpea 3.8%, and maize 10.7% at the first experiment cycle during 2019–2021. A further crop productivity increase was observed at the second experiment cycle during 2021–2023 under NT when compared to CT, i.e., winter wheat 17.7%, millet 31.2%, chickpea 19.6%, and maize 19.1%. An increase in total phyto residue by 20.9% and root residue by 25% under NT compared to CT contributed to the improvement in soil structure and played a vital role in the sustained improvement of crop yields. In turn, the increased residue retention under NT facilitated soil porosity, structural stability, and water retention, thereby improving soil quality and organic matter content. Soil salinity more significantly decreased under NT than in CT, reducing salinity buildup by 18.9% at the 0–25 cm and 32.9% at the 75–100 cm soil profiles compared to CT. The total forms N and P were significantly increased under NT when compared to CT, while the efficiency of the applied crop rotation was essential. This study showed the essential role of the NT method with legume-based intensive cropping in the maintenance of soil health and crop yield, thereby touching on recent advances in agro-biotechnology and the sustainable land management of drylands.

Water scarcity under global climate change: Ways of addressing water scarcity in the Amu Darya lower reaches

The global climate changes and their influence on agriculture in Uzbekistan were analyzed, including problems of irrigation water shortage on irrigated lands in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya with the greatest water shortage due to repeated dry years. Additionally, the recommendations for the effective use of water resources in the conditions of meadow alluvial soils salinization and shallow salinized groundwater were proposed to use subirrigation and drip irrigation to irrigate cotton, maintaining the pre-irrigation soil moisture of the lowest soil moisture capacity. The introduction of a science-based regime for cotton using subirrigation and drip irrigation methods provides conservation of water up to 1.596–1.757 (subirrigation) and 1.596–1.757 (drip irrigation) cbm/ha, an increase in cotton yield of up to 6.3 centner/ha.

Study of irrigation regimes of corn varieties NS-770, NS-6010 in conditions of meadow alluvial soils of Bukhara region

Optimizing the balance of nutrients in the soil, obtaining a high yield of grain and green mass, and providing the population with food products, raw materials for industry, and nutritious feed for livestock are achieved by improving the irrigation method and irrigation procedures in the cultivation of corn in the main and repeated periods. In this regard, scientific research on the effect of using new fertilizers developed on the basis of phosphorites together with nitrogenous and potassium mineral fertilizers on the growth, development, and productivity of corn, as well as on the development of optimal technology for their use is considered relevant.

Determination of the mechanical composition and salinity of the Bukhara Gijduvan district of the Bukhara region

In the article, the mechanical composition and type and level of salinity of meadow-alluvial soils of Gijduvan district of Bukhara region were determined. According to the obtained data, this type of soil is mostly non-saline, salinity is found in the layer below 1 meter. The mechanical composition is moderate in the driving layer, but heavy in the lower layers. In different soil-climatic conditions of our republic, including determining the general properties of irrigated soils of Gijduvon district of Bukhara region, determining the state of land reclamation, reducing the effects of degradation processes occurring in oasis soils, maintaining, increasing and protecting soil fertility, and carrying out research on effective use of land going is important. The reclamation condition of Bukhara oasis soils, their mechanical composition, their origin and causes of formation, the reclamation condition of meadow alluvial soils with different levels of salinity, the melioration condition of the soils of the meadow alluvial soils are noted to be better than that of other meadow alluvial soils. The change in the composition of the absorption complex of saline soils and the increase in the share of sodium and magnesium cations in it is due to the movement of salts in the Aral Sea with the help of the wind. It is necessary to take into account not only the mechanical composition of the soil, the level of salinity, but also the type and chemistry of salinity in salt washing. It is highlighted that special agrotechnical activities are carried out on these soils.

Studying the activity of microorganisms (laboratory conditions) in moderately and highly saline meadow alluvial soils based on cotton

In the article, an experiment was carried out on the irrigated soil of the “Central Asia” farm, Bukhara region, Bukhara district, with moderate salinity, and some places with strong salinity. The composition of the biofertilizer used in the experiment consisted of micro and macro-green algae and high plant residues. Including organic substances 50-60%, humus 22-27%, nitrogen 10-12%, phosphorus 5-7%, potassium 1.8-2.1%, albumen 35-40%, 17 amino acids and copper, zinc and other from trace elements are available. Experiments have been carried out in three options when the macerated microalgae suspension is planted and mineral fertilizer (NPK No.) is added and the number of ammonifiers is increased from 1,900,000 to 1,200,000, fungi from the first 8 thousand to 12 thousand; it was found that the number of green microorganisms increased from 200,000 to 950,000.

Factors of soil formation and their evolution in the south of the Zerafshan valley

In article is stated main groundforming (the geomorphological-hydra geological land reclamation, climatic and anthropogen) factors, describes the evolution of soils in the lower part. In Zerafshan valley are chosen 3 geomorphological regions. Differ the raised contents a magnesium, high water table on irrigated territory in roast time and heavy expences them on evaporation. Economic activity of the person is reflected and on climate, and on hydralogical condition to surfaces of the land. As a result of reclamation measures, takyr-meadow, old-fallow meadow with bog-meadow and salt marshes, gray-brown soils were transformed into old-irrigated meadow alluvial soils. The increase in irrigated land was due to the development of new, previously unrevealed territories.

Improvement of valuable signs by using “Zerox” immunostimulant in cotton

The article provides data that the depth of groundwater located at 2-2.5 m above sea level in the moderately saline meadow-alluvial soil of the Bukhara region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which is applied in agriculture immunostimulant contact and triple action - “Zerox” norms (1 - 2 - 3 l / t; 1 - 2 - 3 l / ha + surfactant 0.15 l / ha) and terms (in pre-sowing treatment of seeds, in the appearance of 2-4 true leaves, budding and flowering) of cotton vegetation , and in various densities (80-90; 100-110; 120-130 thousand pcs. bush / ha) standing, the highest yield (52.5 c / ha) and quality (fiber length 35.3 mm; fiber yield - 40% and 22.6% oil content) fiber and seed oil content were obtained when using Zerox at 2 l / t; 2l / ha + surfactant 0.15 l / ha at a plant density of 80-90 thousand pcs. bush / ha, which leads to high economic efficiency, the share of the first harvest (28.7%) and the constituent crop additives (by 11.7 c / ha), the quality (1.1 mm; 2.5%) of the fiber and oil content of seeds (1.5%) more than the control variant.

Chemical properties of Zarafshon lower and middle flow soils

The article describes the chemical composition of newly irrigated, newly developed sandy-desert, old-irrigated alluvial-meadow, newly-irrigated gray-brown-meadow, gray-earth-meadow soils, common in the lower and middle reaches of the Zarafshan River, describes the decrease in the amount of nutrients in the soil under the influence of anthropogenic factors. In arable and subarable layers of old irrigated meadow-alluvial soils, the amount of humus is 0.859-0.971% and 0.715-0.894%, while in newly irrigated gray brown-meadow soils it is 0.891-0.750%. In irrigated and newly developed desert sandy areas, the total amount of nitrogen is 0.052-0.082%, phosphorus - 0.075-0.15%, potassium content - 66-0.916%.

The effectiveness of the biological preparation "Ivan Ovsinsky-fulvohumate" on the cotton variety "Bukhara-6" in the conditions of irrigated meadow-alluvial soils of the Bukhara region

Growing high quality crops in the country depends on the fertility of the soil, the amount of humus in it and beneficial microflora. In recent years, Fusarium wilt disease caused by the soil fungus Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) has been observed in some crop growing areas to manifest as a "flat" disease. Fusarium wilt has been known abroad and in Uzbekistan for many years. Fusarium wilt has been associated with 1-2 % damage to fine-grained cotton varieties (Gossypium barbadense) in previous years, but medium-fiber cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum) have also become affected in recent decades.

Adaptation Characteristics of Autumn Wheat Varieties to Salinity Stresses

The article deals with the data on the effects of different levels of salinity stress on winter wheat varieties Starshina, Pervitsa, Grom, Asr, Alekseevich, Krasnodarskaya-99, Vassa and Antonina. In areas where soil salinity is low and moderately-strong saline meadow-alluvial soil type, some physiological indicators characterizing the water exchange and salinity adaptation of winter wheat varieties have been identified. According to the results it was obtained the degree of adaptation of wheat to saline stress relative to the control in Starshina, Krasnodarskaya-99, Grom and Antonina varieties is higher than in other studied varieties.

EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF HERBICIDES WHICH ARE SAMURAY 33% E.K., ZELLEK SUPER 10.4% E.K. AND TRIFLUREX 48% E.K. AGAINST WEEDS IN COTTON FIELDS

In this paper, in the conditions of irrigated meadow alluvial soils, the control of weeds in cotton fields involves the development of agrotechnology for high-quality production of cotton through the sequential application of pesticides and herbicides with different effects.