Measurement Subsystem Research Articles

Аналіз даних теплового режиму комутаційного обладнання комп’ютерних мереж на основі відновлення сигналів температурних датчиків

The article considers the task of analyzing distributed data of temperature modes of chips of switching equipment of computer networks. For this, a temperature measurement system using a temperature sensor is used. In the case when the temperature sensor is inside the chip, the speed of the measurement system's response to temperature changes is satisfactory. However, when the sensor is outside the chip, due to the inertness of the thermal contact, the response speed of the measuring system is low. In this situation, the effectiveness of the control system becomes unsatisfactory. To overcome the inertness of temperature sensors, it is proposed to analyze the distributed data that is received in digital form on the data processing server by restoring the distorted signals of nonlinear measuring subsystems «chip – temperature sensor» based on the use of their mathematical models in the form of a partial sum of the Volterra integro-power series. The identification of the mathematical model of the measurement subsystem is carried out on a finite interval of time by conducting a series of experiments using test signals. The method of reducing the number of test signals based on taking into account the specificity of the impact of nonlinearity on the results of experiments is considered. The obtained model is the basis for solving the inverse problem of restoring the signal of temperature influence at the sensor input. Since this problem is incorrect, it is suggested to supplement the model with a regularization parameter and reduce the problem to a correct one. To use the model over an infinite period of time, a computer modeling technique is proposed using restarts of computing processes, which are carried out in several streams with a shift in time. The result of calculations is formed by combining fragments from different streams. To check the reliability of the results obtained by applying the developed method, the solutions of the model problems are given.

A Study on Miniaturized In-Situ Self-Calibrated Thermometers Based on Ga and Ga-Zn Fixed Points.

In order to ensure the reliability and accuracy of long-term temperature measurement where the thermometers are discommodious or even impossible to access for conventional periodical calibration, a study on miniaturized in-situ self-calibrated (MISSC) thermometers based on Ga and Ga-Zn fixed points was conducted using temperature scale transfer technology. One MISSC thermometer consists of three parts: the first is the fixed-points hardware, including a container with two cells separately filled with Ga and Ga-Zn; the second is the temperature sensing hardware, made of a Type T thermocouple; the third is the mini-power heating hardware, made of a film resistance. The measurement and calibration (M&C) system comprises a temperature measurement and data processing subsystem and a mini-power heating control subsystem. Then, an in-situ self-calibration can be carried out by mini-power heating from a room temperature of about 20 °C, and then by comparison between the measured phase transition plateau results and the standard fixed-points, i.e., Ga fixed point (about 29.76 °C) and Ga-Zn fixed point (about 25.20 °C). A series of experiments were performed, and the results show that: (1) both the proposed hardware design and the self-calibration method are feasible, and (2) the Φ16 mm × 25 mm MISSC thermometer is found to be the most miniaturized one that can realize reliable self-calibration in this study.

Single-mode squeezed-light generation and tomography with an integrated optical parametric oscillator.

Quantum optical technologies promise advances in sensing, computing, and communication. A key resource is squeezed light, where quantum noise is redistributed between optical quadratures. We introduce a monolithic, chip-scale platform that exploits the χ(2) nonlinearity of a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) resonator device to efficiently generate squeezed states of light. Our system integrates all essential components-except for the laser and two detectors-on a single chip with an area of one square centimeter, reducing the size, operational complexity, and power consumption associated with conventional setups. Using the balanced homodyne measurement subsystem that we implemented on the same chip, we measure a squeezing of 0.55 decibels and an anti-squeezing of 1.55 decibels. We use 20 milliwatts of input power to generate the parametric oscillator pump field by using second harmonic generation on the same chip. Our work represents a step toward compact and efficient quantum optical systems posed to leverage the rapid advances in integrated nonlinear and quantum photonics.

Improving the environmental temperature adaptability of an electric temperature measurement subsystem by matching temperature coefficients of substitutable resistors

The electrical temperature measurement subsystem in space gravitational wave detectors requires micro-Kelvin precision in the submillihertz band. However, the low-frequency stability of the measurement circuit, excluding the sensor, is susceptible to environmental temperature fluctuations, closely related to the residual temperature coefficient of the circuit. This paper proposes a method to minimize the residual temperature coefficient for a thermistor-based temperature measurement , enabling the circuit to be mounted on surfaces with less stringent thermal stability requirements. Through extensive testing of resistors with the same nominal resistance, a best-matched pair is selected to compensate for the residual temperature coefficient by replacing two gain resistors in the low-pass filter. Our assessment demonstrates that this matching and replacement process reduces the residual temperature coefficient of the circuit from −0.135 mV K−1 to −0.027 mV K−1, resulting in a significant five-fold improvement in the subsystem’s adaptability to environmental temperatures within the specified frequency band. This method contributes to the development of measurement subsystems that meet stringent stability requirements.

Microwave photonics doppler speed measurement based on sagnac loops and four-wave mixing effect in a highly nonlinear fiber

Photonic radars are increasingly being developed and offer a promising replacement for traditional RF radars. They feature higher precision, and smaller size compared to the current microwave radars. One important part of a moving target indicating (MTI) radar is the Doppler shift measurement used to measure the radial velocity of a moving target. Therefore, for any photonic radar operating at MTI mode, it is necessary to have a Doppler measurement subsystem. In this paper, a microwave photonic Doppler frequency measurement system is conceived and implemented for this purpose specifically. The operation is based on making a Doppler shift-dependent yet low-frequency voltage component. It is all-optical and hence has the potential to be integrated into many electronic warfare systems. This feature not only makes the system independent of any sophisticated electrical device but also makes the measurement time lower than that of the electrical counterparts. The specific design presented here provides a much better stability compared to the recent works. An error as low as 0.012 Hz at a 10 GHz radar frequency was obtained, and the system performance was demonstrated up to 40 GHz, at which a 4.75 Hz error was recorded.

Experimental study and comprehensive analysis of leakage characteristics of the casing flange of an aero-engine

Leakage at the casing flange in aero-engines can reduce the engine performance and endanger the normal operation of the whole aircraft. An experimental system is designed in this paper to investigate the influence of loaded parameters and structural parameters on the sealing characteristics of the casing flange in aero-engines. The system includes an experimental table subsystem, a hydraulic subsystem, an inflation and leakage measurement subsystem and an experimental data acquisition subsystem. The results show that the gas pressure has a greater influence compared to the axial force. When the gas pressure rises from 0.2 MPa to 0.5 MPa, the leakage volume increases from about 9 L/min to about 34 L/min. Among the structural parameters, the number of bolts has the greatest influence, followed by the number of layers, and the surface roughness has the least influence, with the three influencing parameters not being mutually exclusive. The benefits of improving the structural parameters to reduce the leakage volume all increase with the rise of gas pressure. The leakage volume of experiment parts with 48 bolts arranged on the 2-layer casing flange with surface roughness 1.6 and 3.2 are taken as two sets of the contract type data and fitted by the nested Genetic Algorithm. The fitted results indicate that increase of surface roughness from 1.6 to 3.2 will result in an increase of 26 L/min in the leakage volume. The conclusions from the paper can provide guidance suggestions for the sealing design of the aero-engine casing.

Space-deployable device based on shape memory cyanate ester composites

Shape memory cyanate ester is a class of shape memory polymers with high thermal stability and excellent space environmental adaptability. In this study, a space-deployable device based on cyanate ester-based shape memory polymer composite (CE-SMPC) was proposed, and its thermomechanical properties and shape memory behavior were experimentally evaluated. The space-deployable device maintained a high shape fixity rate even after prolonged exposure to high or low temperatures, which ensured its locking reliability in space applications. The results of self-deployment experiments indicated that the space-deployable device exhibited good shape recovery performance in both atmospheric and vacuum environments. The SMPC-based space-deployable device presented in this study was applied to China's first Mars exploration mission to achieve autonomous locking and release of the deployable engineering measurement subsystem on the probe.

Information theory-based dynamic feature capture and global multi-objective optimization approach for organic Rankine cycle (ORC) considering road environment

Efficient capture and global optimization of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operating features in road environment is the key to obtain actual waste heat recovery potential. The complexity of time-varying characteristics intensifies the nonlinear coupling relationship between ORC performance and parameters. This paper first designs and builds an ORC experimental system for recovering waste heat from internal combustion engine (ICE). The experimental system includes ICE and its measurement subsystem, ORC subsystem, expander lubrication subsystem, cooling subsystem, and ORC measurement subsystem. R245fa is used as working fluid; The expander adopts a specially designed single screw expander. The performance of ORC waste heat recovery is tested by adjusting the operating conditions of the ICE, expander, pump, and valve opening. The temperature range of waste heat is 627–686 K. Subsequently, a dynamic feature capture and global multi-objective optimization approach for ORC is proposed. The results show that the precision of dynamic feature capture can be improved at least 41.78% with the introduction of information theory in complex environment. Frequent fluctuation of vehicle speed is not conducive to the improvement of evaporator inlet temperature at working fluid side. As the speed of the vehicle is greatly reduced, the evaporator inlet temperature drops sharply. The frequent fluctuation of speed will intensify the nonlinear correlation between operating parameters and system performance and make the system performance more dependent on the coupling correlation between operating parameters. The approach proposed in this paper can provide a new idea for efficient capture of dynamic characteristics and global multi-objective optimization of ORC in road environment.

Decision Support System Proposal for Medical Evacuations in Military Operations

The area of military operations is a big challenge for medical support. A particularly important factor that allows medical services to react quickly in the case of mass casualties is the ability to rapidly evacuation of wounded soldiers from a battlefield. To meet this requirement, an effective medical evacuation system is essential. The paper presented the architecture of the electronically supported decision support system for medical evacuation during military operations. The system can also be used by other services such as police or fire service. The system meets the requirements for tactical combat casualty care procedures and is composed of following elements: measurement subsystem, data transmission subsystem and analysis and inference subsystem. The system, based on the continuous monitoring of selected soldiers’ vital signs and biomedical signals, automatically proposes a medical segregation of wounded soldiers (medical triage). The information on the triage was visualized using the Headquarters Management System for medical personnel (first responders, medical officers, medical evacuation groups) and for commanders, if required. All elements of the architecture were described in the paper.

Study on the Voltage Reference Noise at Sub-Millihertz Frequencies for Developing an Ultra-Stable Temperature Measurement Subsystem.

A temperature measurement subsystem (TMS) is a critical piece of infrastructure of the space gravitational wave detection platform, necessary for monitoring minuscule temperature changes at the level of 1μK/Hz1/2 within the electrode house, in the frequency range of 0.1mHz to 1Hz. The voltage reference (VR), a key component of the TMS, must possess low noise characteristics in the detection band to minimize the impact on temperature measurements. However, the noise characteristics of the voltage reference in the sub-millihertz range have not been documented yet and require further study. This paper reports a dual-channel measurement method for measuring the low-frequency noise of VR chips down to 0.1mHz. The measurement method makes use of a dual-channel chopper amplifier and an assembly thermal insulation box to achieve a normalized resolution of 3×10-7/Hz1/2@0.1mHz in the VR noise measurement. The seven best-performance VR chips documented at a common frequency range are tested. The results show that their noise at sub-millihertz frequencies can significantly differ from that around 1Hz.

Wire-driven parallel robot suspension system for SDM in a low-speed wind tunnel

A wire-driven parallel robot with eight wires (WDPR-8) acting as the suspension system for an aircraft model in a low-speed wind tunnel is introduced in this paper. A kinematics model for WDPR-8 is established here. A theoretical basis is also provided, through which movement control of the model is achieved by changing the wire length. A model motion control subsystem, a monocular vision measurement subsystem for the model position, and a data acquisition subsystem were also developed for WDPR-8. A prototype of WDPR-8 was built and mounted in a low-speed wind tunnel with an open test section. A six-component strain-gauge balance was installed inside the test model to acquire aerodynamic parameters. The aerodynamic coefficients of the static test show reasonable agreement with reference results. The difference between the test result of WDPR-8 and the results from reference is smaller in the positive angle of attack than the negative angle of attack, and the total difference between WDPR-8 and other facilities is under 10%. Pitch dynamic tests with different amplitudes and frequencies were used to verify the aerodynamic hysteresis phenomena. The research indicates it is successful that the solution of measuring aerodynamic parameters with strain-gauge balance set into the standard dynamic model suspended by WDPR. It demonstrates that WDPR-8 is effective and feasible as a model suspension system in a low-speed wind tunnel. Furthermore, test results without interference correction in accordance with the reference data proves that the interference of Wire-Driven support system to flow field during wind tunnel tests is negligible. Finally, WDPR suspension system introduced in this paper will remarkably improve the efficiency and accuracy in wind tunnel test.

A testing system to understand rock fracturing processes induced by different dynamic disturbances under true triaxial compression

In this context, a testing system to understand rock fracturing processes induced by different dynamic disturbances under true triaxial compression was developed. The system is mainly composed of a static loading subsystem, a dynamic loading subsystem, a specimen box subsystem, and a data measurement subsystem. The static loading subsystem uses low stiffness loss frame structure technology, which greatly improves the frame stiffness in the three principal stress directions (up to 20 GN/m) and ensures the demand of the disturbance experiment in both the prepeak and postpeak stages. The disturbance loads with frequency of 0–20 Hz and stress level of 0–30 MPa were applied using large flow parallel oil source technology characterized with high heat dissipation efficiency. For the disturbance loads with frequency of 100–500 Hz and stress level of 0–30 MPa, they were realized by using high-frequency and centimeter-per-second-scale low-speed disturbance rod technology. Three rigid self-stabilizing specimen boxes were utilized to provide support for the specimen and deformation sensors, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the data obtained. To verify the performance of the true triaxial test system, disturbance experiments were conducted on granite specimens. The results show that the experimental device satisfies the requirements of original design, with an excellent repeatability and reliable testing results.

A hybrid INDI control for ensuring flying qualities in failures of Xcg measurement subsystem

Modern version of fighter aircraft has a wide range of longitudinal center-of-gravity (Xcg) travel due to wide-range fuel tanks layout, various weapons, many payload stations, and so on. The wide Xcg travel degrades flying qualities of a closed-loop control system; moreover, a catastrophic accident can be caused by loss of stability due to the wide Xcg travel in severe cases. For this reason, the inner-loop control law generally employs additional feedback variables such as weight and Xcg position to guarantee the flying qualities and satisfy stability requirements. Nevertheless, this design approach can seriously deteriorate the flight safety and stability of the aircraft in the event of fuel mismanagement and Xcg measurement subsystem failures. Therefore, additional design technique should be considered to ensure the flight safety in response to the situation of the failure conditions. This paper proposes two types of a hybrid Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion control to guarantee the minimum flight safety for return to base in case of fuel mismanagement and Xcg measurement subsystem failures. The frequency-domain linear analysis and time-domain simulations were performed based on a supersonic trainer mathematical model to evaluate the performances of the proposed control methods. The evaluation results confirm that the proposed control method satisfies the level of the required flying qualities and ensure flight safety even in the event of the subsystem failures for the Xcg measurement.

Experimental Modal Analysis of a Linear Reciprocating Tribometer for Maximum Reciprocating Frequency

This work demonstrates estimation of critical reciprocating frequency of a fabricated linear pin-on-reciprocating plate tribometer by modal analysis. Experimental investigation by impact testing and numerical analysis using ANSYS Work bench 14 were performed to extract the modal parameters of individual subsystems. The authors could not find reported literature on of estimation of critical reciprocating frequency of pin-on-reciprocating plate tribometer. Authors developed a pin-onreciprocating plate tribometer that can simulate friction and wear under reciprocating sliding conditions for stroke lengths up to 150 mm. The developed pinon- reciprocating plate tribometer had a loading sub system, transmission subsystem and measurement subsystem. From experimental and numerical estimation of modal parameters, transmission subsystem found to had the lowest modal frequency of 18 Hz. Maximum frequency of reciprocation then fixed at 30% of the lowest modal frequency of 18 Hz that is 5 Hz. Confirmatory friction tests were then conducted on the tribometer and found that identification of maximum frictional force was difficult when the reciprocating frequency of plate of tribometer exceeded 4 Hz due to vibrations in measuring system and agreed with the reported literature. This work addresses the need of methodology for establishing critical reciprocating frequency of tribometer. This paper elaborates the modal analysis of a fabricated linear reciprocating tribometer. Resonance of subsystems in reciprocating tribometer affects experimental estimate of coefficient of friction (CoF). Subsystems have their own individual modal frequencies. Hence, modal analysis of all subsystems becomes obligatory. Tribometer developed for this study can simulate reciprocating friction and wear for stroke lengths up to 150 mm. Experimental and numerical analysis utilized to identify modal frequency of individual subsystems. Tests identified that transmission subsystem had the lowest modal frequency of 18 Hz. Maximum frequency of reciprocation then fixed at 4Hz. This is 25% of the lowest modal frequency of 18 Hz as delineated in literature. Confirmatory friction tests then conducted on the tribometer. Resolving maximum frictional force along the stroke length was impossible over 4 Hz of reciprocating frequency. This is 25% of the lowest modal frequency of structure and agreed with the reported literature. Authors sincerely hope the methodology used in this paper will guide fellow researchers for modal analysis of reciprocating tribometer.

Design, construction and preliminary test of a prototype of a heat-driven air-conditioning system integrated with marine aerosol removal

• This paper presents a novel heat-driven air-conditioning system integrated with marine aerosol removal. • The proposed system can be used in tropical islands to deal with 3-high air. • The system can decrease the aerosol content of 3-high air by over 94.7%. • The experimental system coefficient of performance is 0.4. Hot and humid air with a high marine aerosol content, which is known as 3-high air and is ubiquitous in tropical coastal areas and islands, deteriorates living environments and severely damages human health. A novel type of heat-driven air-conditioning system integrated with marine aerosol removal (AC-MAR) is proposed in this study to treat 3-high air. An integrated prototype with an air treatment capacity of 3000 m 3 /h is designed and constructed. Function and performance tests on the integrated prototype are performed using auxiliary subsystems, including a marine atmospheric environment simulation subsystem, a heating and cooling water subsystem, and a measurement and control subsystem. The test results show that the integrated prototype has a fresh air treatment capacity of 3000 m 3 /h, where the fresh air state is 80% RH@30 °C. Air processing using the integrated prototype produces a supply air state of 55% RH@18 °C and decreases the aerosol content by over 94.7%. The system coefficient of performance (COP) is 0.4. Test results show that the proposed method/prototype is especially suitable for tropical islands with prominent energy supply shortages and problems associated with 3-high air.

Total quality control of the cyber-physical production using machine vision technologies

The total control is made for each separate unit of the item being manufactured to prevent any scrap. The automatic control tools are a part of information, measurement and controlling sub-systems, which use the machine vision technology. The information sub-system is done with the cyber-physical production calculation potency. The measurement sub-system is a set of digital cameras (optical detectors) and the artificial illumination semiconductor sources. The controlling sub-system regulates the item position with turning mechanisms inside the closed cyber-physical system technological chamber. A set of sub-systems performs a non-destructible item quality control with the item surface photographic images and stereo-maps program analysis, which should not contain non-homogeneous sections like scars, fissures, inclusions and other and any deviations of geometrical dimensions. The calculator three-dimension item image is formed with reconstruction algorithms of two-dimension photographs received in different views and illumination conditions and the means of laser scanning. The item surface quality requirements in the enlightened areas and obscured ones are defined with rendering equation, which are permitted for the item digital twin with calculator numerous methods. The quality control requires to compare with the reference energy and color measurement item surface characteristics, which are defined with mathematical calculations and optical measurement means. There is a scheme given of information, measurement and controlling cyber-physical system channels, which engage the machine vision technologies to control the item quality.

Practitioners’ Opinions on Student Assessment Process in Distance Education in the Context of Educational Technologies

The aim of this study is to reveal the views of the practitioners regarding the measurement and evaluation sub-system of distance education applications in higher education. 11 faculty members working at Akdeniz University, determined with an easily accessible sampling of purposeful sampling methods, participated in this study in which qualitative research method was used. The research is in case study design, one of the qualitative research designs. Therefore, to collect data, a semi-structured interview form was prepared and an interview technique was used in the study. The data were analyzed by the content analysis technique. All the data obtained in the study were coded. Various themes and sub-themes suitable for these themes were determined by the purpose of the research, percentages and frequencies related to the sub-themes were calculated. When the findings are evaluated in the context of education management and the use of educational technologies, it was observed that the problems encountered in measurement and evaluation system in distance education in higher education are the lack of technological infrastructure, the safety of exams, failure to provide equal opportunities. As a result, opinions about an effective measurement and evaluation system have been put forward by the practitioners.

Research and Development of Management and Control System for Lake Sediment Improvement and Dehydration Treatment

Relying on the water environment improvement project of Wuhan East Lake, an intelligent management and control system for river and lake sediment dredging and solidification treatment is developed based on the integrated treatment technology of sediment dredging and solidification. The system is mainly composed of dredging vessel positioning and digging depth monitoring subsystem, dehydration and drying integrated optimization control subsystem, safety monitoring subsystem, earthwork automatic measurement subsystem and comprehensive management subsystem. Through real-time monitoring, collection and analysis of data, from the real-time adjustment of dredger construction parameters to the matching of quality and process parameters of plate and frame machine pressure filtration, and then to the whole life cycle of earthwork automatic measurement and comprehensive efficiency, cost analysis, personnel situation, project progress and production safety, comprehensive intelligent operation and control is realized. The system has been successfully applied to the water environment improvement project of Wuhan East Lake and achieved remarkable results. It not only ensures the quality of sediment dredging and drying treatment, but also greatly improves the production efficiency and ensures the production safety. Through real-time monitoring, collection and analysis of data, from the real-time adjustment of dredger construction parameters to the matching of quality and process parameters of plate and frame machine pressure filtration, and then to the whole life cycle of earthwork automatic measurement and comprehensive efficiency, cost analysis, personnel situation, project progress and production safety, comprehensive intelligent operation and control is realized. The system has been successfully applied to the water environment improvement project of Wuhan East Lake and achieved remarkable results. It not only ensures the quality of sediment dredging and drying treatment, but also greatly improves the production efficiency and ensures the production safety.

Outdoor Performance Assessment of New and Old Photovoltaic Panel Technologies Using a Designed Multi-Photovoltaic Panel Power Measurement System

This paper presents a new multi-photovoltaic panel measurement and analysis system (PPMAS) developed for measurement of atmospheric parameters and generated power of photovoltaic (PV) panels. Designed system presented with an experimental study evaluates performance of four new and four 5-year-old PV panel technologies which are based on polycrystalline (Poly), monocrystalline (Mono), copper indium selenide (CIS), and cadmium telluride (CdTe) in real time, under same atmospheric conditions. The PPMAS system with the PV panels is installed in Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara Province, in Turkey. The designed PPMAS consists of three different subsystems which are (1) photovoltaic panel measurement subsystem (PPMS), (2) meteorology measurement subsystem (MMS), and (3) data acquisition subsystem (DAS). PPMS is used to measure the power generation for PV panels. MMS involves different types of sensors, and it is designed to determine atmospheric conditions including wind speed, wind direction, outdoor temperature, humidity, ambient light, and panel temperatures. The measured values by PPMS and MMS are stored in a database using DAS subsystem. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, PPMS and MMS are calibrated. This study also focuses on outdoor testing performances of four new and four 5-year-old PV panels. Average monthly panel efficiencies are estimated as 8.46%, 8.11%, 5.65%, and 3.88% for new Mono, new Poly, new CIS, and new CdTe PV panels, respectively. Moreover, average monthly panel efficiencies of old panels are calculated as 8.22%, 7.85%, 5.35%, and 3.63% in the same order. Test results obtained from the experimental system are also statistically examined and discussed to analyze the performance of PV panels in terms of monthly panel efficiencies.

LW-RCP와 Odroid 기반의 Machine Vision을 이용한 Ball and Plate 시스템 구현에 관한 연구

In this paper, we propose the architecture of a ball-and-plate system as an educational platform that can help students comprehensively study control engineering, robotics, machine vision, and embedded systems. In addition, we describe how to implement the sub-systems and present an example of an education plan using the proposed system. In the proposed system, we use an LW-RCP(Light Weight-Rapid Control Prototyping) system, which is lab-built, to help students implement the control algorithm. An RCP system makes it easy for students who are not familiar with u-Controller or the C language to implement controllers. We also use Odroid, a low-cost SBC (single-board computer), and a single camera to calculate the position of ball using a machine vision algorithm. In this structure, the measurement subsystem is more durable compared with contact-based sensing systems and student can test their own machine vision algorithms for better measurements. We adopt the Stewart platform, a type of parallel robot, to generate roll-and-pitch actuation for the ball-and-plate system. By adopting the Stewart platform, we can handle more complicated control problems for movement that requires more than two degrees of freedom. Additionally, we implement an LQ controller, which is a typical model-based controller, and apply it to the ball-plate system. Finally, through experiments, we illustrate the usefulness of the proposed system.