MC Model Research Articles

The Theoretical Research of Two Particle Angular Correlation in PbPb Collisions

This literature review explores the significance of two-particle angular correlation in comprehending the complex dynamics of proton-heavy ion collisions in the quark gluon plasma (QGP) and the CMS detector at the LHC. We present a detailed account of the experimental setup and the findings derived from our measurements. The oneparticle distribution equation and the two-particle angular correlation functions are fundamental components for comprehensively investigating the theoretical aspects of the two-particle angular correlation. Following that, we present a concise summary of significant metrics, such as centrality, uncertainty, and Fourier coefficient, that may be determined from the available data. Additionally, we provide a concise summary of prior investigations into the two-particle angular correlation in collisions involving pp, p-Pb, or Pb-Pb at various energy levels. Specifically, we have utilized the MC model for the analysis and modeling of collision data. Various MC models are listed and evaluated using specific situations. Higher order correlations are now possible to help clarify information from proton or heavy ion collisions.

Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Passing Bawah Bola Voli Melalui Media Dinding Sekolah dengan Metode Drill Pada Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri Salem 02

This research aims to improve students' bottom passing skills using school wall media using the Drill method. This research is Classroom Action Research which was carried out in 2 cycles. The research was carried out in April of the 2023/2024 academic year. Researchers collaborate with teachers and colleagues. This research procedure refers to the Kemmis & Mc model. Taggart which includes planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The research subjects were fourth grade students at SD Negeri Salem 02, totaling 20 students, 9 male students and 11 female students. The instruments used are teacher activity observation assessment sheets, student activity observation sheets, and performance assessment sheets. The results of the research showed that there was an increase in cooperation in the first cycle, namely students' bottom passing skills using school wall media. Of the 20 students at meeting 1, there were 10 students (50%) who had entered the criteria for completion, while at meeting 2 there were 12 students (60%) who had entered. in the complete criteria. In cycle II, students' underpassing skills used school wall media. Of the 20 students at meeting 1, 15 students (75%) had entered the completion criteria, while at meeting 2 there were 18 students (90%) had entered the completion criteria. Based on these data, it can be concluded that the use of the Drill method with school walls can improve students' bottom passing skills in class IV of SD Negeri Salem 02, Salem District, Brebes Regency.

INCREASING THE ACTIVITY AND OUTCOMES OF SCIENCE LEARNING THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DISCOVERY LEARNING MODEL IN STUDENT X AT SMK AL KHAIRIYAH CIOMAS

This action research aims to increase student activity and learning outcomes through the application of discovery learning models in class X students at SMK Al Khairiyah Ciomas. The subjects of this research were 30 students in class X. What is used is classroom action research with the Kemmis and Mc model. Taggart. Each cycle is carried out with stages: planning, action implementation, observation and reflection. The results of the analysis of descriptive data show that in cycle I student learning outcomes have not yet reached the minimum completeness criteria (KKM) applied because they have only achieved an average score of 67.60 from a KKM score of 75, and an absorption capacity of 50% which means that 15 students have fulfilled the KKM and 15 students have not reached KKM. This is due to the activeness of students in learning 61.60 while the ability of teachers in learning has only reached 75%. From these results it is necessary to proceed to cycle II. And as for the results of the actions in cycle II that the average student learning outcomes were 76.20, which meant that they had reached the KKM and the absorption was 76.67%, which meant that 23 students had exceeded the KKM. While the ability of teachers by 85%. Because this research had reached KKM, this research was not continued in the next cycle. The results of the study concluded that the application of the discovery learning model can increase the activity and learning outcomes of science.

Penerapan Metode Market Place Activity Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Matematika pada Materi Penyajian Data

This research was motivated by the low level of student activity and learning outcomes in mathematics learning, especially in data presentation material. One way that is expected to increase student activity and learning outcomes is by using the Market Place Activity method. The aim of this research is to describe the increase in student activity and learning outcomes through the application of the Market Place Activity learning method for class V students at SDN Margaluyu. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which refers to the Kemmis and Mc model. Tagart, consists of two cycles. The instruments used include teacher performance observation sheets, activity observation sheets, and student learning outcomes. There are a total of 5 essay questions given in each cycle. The subjects of this research were 23 fifth grade students at SDN Margaluyu. Observation results showed an increase in student activity from 43.08% at the beginning to 86.13% in cycle II. The test results also showed an increase, with the percentage of student completion increasing from 22% at the beginning to 100% in the second cycle. Thus, the Market Place Activity method can increase activity and mathematics learning outcomes for class V at SDN Margaluyu, Sukasari District, Sumedang Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year.

The Conformation of Glycosidic Linkages According to Various Force Fields: Monte Carlo Modeling of Polysaccharides Based on Extrapolation of Short-Chain Properties.

The conformational features of the glycosidic linkage are the most important variable to consider when studying di-, oligo-, and polysaccharide molecules using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The accuracy of the theoretical model describing this degree of freedom influences the quality of the results obtained from MD calculations based on this model. This article focuses on the following two issues related to the conformation of the glycosidic linkage. First, we describe the results of a comparative analysis of the predictions of three carbohydrate-dedicated classical force fields for MD simulations, namely, CHARMM, GLYCAM, and GROMOS, in the context of different parameters of structural and energetic nature related to the conformation of selected types of glycosidic linkages, α(1 → 4), β(1 → 3), and β(1 → 4), connecting glucopyranose units. This analysis revealed several differences, mainly concerning the energy levels of the secondary and tertiary conformers and the linkage flexibility within the dominant exo-syn conformation for α(1 → 4) and β(1 → 3) linkages. Some aspects of the comparative analysis also included the newly developed, carbohydrate-dedicated Martini 3 coarse-grained force field. Second, to overcome the time-scale problem associated with sampling slow degrees of freedom in polysaccharide chains during MD simulations, we developed a coarse-grained (CG) model based on the data from MD simulations and designed for Monte Carlo modeling. This model (CG MC) is based on information from simulations of short saccharide chains, effectively sampled in atomistic MD simulations, and is capable of extrapolating local conformational properties to the case of polysaccharides of arbitrary length. The CG MC model has the potential to estimate the conformations of very long polysaccharide chains, taking into account the influence of secondary and tertiary conformations of glycosidic linkages. With respect to the comparative analysis of force fields, the application of CG MC modeling showed that relatively small differences in the predictions of individual force fields with respect to a single glycosidic linkage accumulate when considering their effect on the structure of longer chains, leading to drastically different predictions with respect to parameters describing the polymer conformation, such as the persistence length.

Adsorption of Red 141 and methylene blue by cuttlebone: experimental and molecular dynamics study

AbstractThe current study explores the removal of two organic dyes: Reactive Red 141, an anionic dye, and Methylene Blue, a cationic one, via adsorption onto a novel animal-derived biomaterial known as Cuttlebone (Sepia Officinalis). Before conducting experiments, an analysis of the biomaterial was performed. Subsequently, a sequence of experiments was undertaken to investigate the impact of different parameters on adsorption capacity. These parameters included mass of the adsorbent, pH level, duration of contact, and initial concentration of the dye. Findings indicate that Cuttlebone exhibits a more pronounced adsorption affinity for the anionic dye Reactive Red 141 compared to the cationic dye Methylene Blue (MB). The examination of adsorption isotherms for the respective adsorbent/adsorbate systems reveals that the adsorption behavior differs. Specifically, the adsorption of Red 141 on Cuttlebone conforms to the Langmuir model, while the uptake of MB on Cuttlebone shows a superior agreement with the Freundlich model. A peak adsorption capacity of 129.87 mg/g was noted for Red 141, while for MB, it was observed to be 23.86 mg/g. To elucidate the mechanism, the adsorptive characteristics of Red 141 and MB were validated using various methods, including Monte Carlo simulation (MC) and Molecular Dynamics simulation (MD). The results of MC and MD modeling demonstrate that Red 141 is significantly adsorbed onto calcium carbonate via the chemisorption phenomenon. Graphical abstract

Penerapan Metode Berdongeng Untuk Meningkatkan Nilai- Nilai Agama Anak Usia Dini di PAUD Aisyah Desa Pajar Tinggi Kecamatan Pajar Bulan

This research aims to instill the effectiveness of the storytelling method in increasing the religious values ​​of early childhood development in Aisyah PAUD, Pajar Tinggi Village, Pajar Bulan District, Lahat Regency. This research uses classroom action research methods. This research design uses the Kemmis and Mc model. Taggart. This research was carried out in the even semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The primary data source is Aisyah PAUD students consisting of 25 students, 12 boys and 13 girls. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique uses quantitative data analysis with descriptive statistics. The results of the research showed an increase in students' religious values, namely in cycle I it was 68% (Developing According to Expectations), then in cycle II it increased to 80% (Developing Very Well). This means an increase of 12%. Thus, the storytelling method has proven to be effective in increasing the religious values ​​of early childhood at Aisyah PAUD.

Parametric Study of the Deep Excavation Performance of Underground Pumping Station Based on Numerical Method

Environmental responses to deep excavations are combined results of numerous factors. The effects of some factors are relatively straightforward and can be considered carefully during the design. On the other hand, more features impact excavation-induced performances indirectly, making their influences difficult to be clearly understood. Unfortunately, the complexity and non-repeatability of practical projects make it impossible to thoroughly understand these issues through realistic deep excavation projects. Therefore, parametric studies based on repeatable laboratory and numerical tests are desired to investigate these issues further. This work examines the influence of several key features on excavation-induced displacements through a series of 3D numerical tests. The study includes the choice of soil constitutive models, the modeling method of the soil–wall interface, and the influences of various key soil parameters. The comparison shows that the MCC model can yield a displacement field similar to the HSS model, while its soil movement is greatly improved compared to the MC model. Both the soil–wall interface properties and soil parameters impact the excavation-induced displacement to a large extent. In addition, the influence mechanisms of these parameters are analyzed, and practical suggestions are given. The findings of this paper are expected to provide practical references to the design and construction of future deep excavation projects.

Multidimensional Separation by Magnetic Seeded Filtration: Theoretical Study

Magnetic seeded filtration (MSF) is a multidimensional solid–liquid separation process capable of fractionating a multimaterial suspension based on particle size and surface properties. It relies on the selective hetero-agglomeration between nonmagnetic target and magnetic seed particles followed by a magnetic separation. Experimental investigations of multimaterial suspensions are challenging and limited. Therefore, a Monte Carlo model for the simulation of hetero-agglomeration processes is developed, validated, and compared to a discrete population balance model. The numerical investigation of both charge-based and hydrophobicity-based separation in an 11-material system, using synthetic agglomeration kernels based on real-world observations, yields results consistent with prior experimental studies and expectations: Although a multidimensional separation is indeed possible, unwanted hetero-agglomeration between target particles results in a reduced selectivity. This effect is more pronounced when separation is based on a dissimilarity rather than a similarity in the separation criterion and emphasizes the advantages of hydrophobicity-based systems. For the first time, 2D grade efficiency functions T(φ,d) are presented for MSF. However, it is shown that these functions strongly depend on the initial state of the suspension, which casts doubt on their general definition for agglomeration-based processes and underlines the importance of a simulation tool like the developed MC model.

Teacher's Efforts to Increase the Learning Motivation of Class Ix Students of Mts Sunan Pandanaran through Group Guidance Services in Guidance and Counseling

The problem in this research is the lack of student interest or motivation to learn in class. This can be seen from the lack of motivation of students because they do not think that without the National Examination (UN) they can be accepted at the school they hope for. These problems require solutions and must be solved immediately, these problems greatly influence learning activities and the achievement of learning objectives. In line with this. This research will try to solve the problems that occur through Classroom Action Research (PTK) so that problems related to student learning motivation can be solved. This research is included in the type of action research with the Mc model. Taggart. This research consists of two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. Data collection techniques, namely observation, questionnaires, interviews and documentation of learning activities. Observations were carried out to determine initial conditions related to the learning motivation of class IX MTs Sunan Pandanaran students, questionnaires were used to evaluate each PTK activity carried out, interviews and documentation were used to obtain further statements, related to group guidance that had been carried out by class IX MTs students Sunan Pandanaran. Analysis was carried out using qualitative descriptive techniques supported by quantitative data. This research produced the following findings; (1) Class IX students' learning activities, especially in increasing students' learning motivation at MTs Sunan Pandanaran before being given group guidance services, obtained a score of 63.88% in the sufficient category, these results need to be improved through the second meeting in the first cycle. After observation and analysis, the second meeting resulted in an increase in score from initially 63.88% to 67.00%.

Approaches for Streamlining Performance Control by Monte Carlo Modeling

For decades, cancer has remained a persistent health challenge; this project represents a significant stride towards refining treatment approaches and prognostic insights. Proton beam therapy, a radiation therapy modality employing high-energy protons to target various malignancies while minimizing damage to adjacent healthy tissue, holds immense promise. This study analyzes the relationship between delivered radiation doses and patient outcomes, using various approximation functions and graphical representations for comparison. Statistical analysis is performed through the Monte Carlo method based on repeated sampling to estimate the variables of interest in this analysis, namely, the survival rates, financial implications, and medical effectiveness of proton beam therapy. To this end, open-source data from research centers that publish patient outcomes were utilized. The second study considered the estimation of pay gaps that can have long-lasting effects, leading to differences in retirement savings, wealth accumulation, and overall financial security. After finding a representative sample containing the relevant variables that contribute to pay gaps, such as gender, race, experience, education, and job role, MC modeling is used to simulate a range of possible pay gap estimates. Based on the Monte Carlo results, a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify which variables have the most significant impact on pay gaps.

On the fatigue resistance assessment of friction stir welded joints affected by heat input

In view of the fact that composite friction welding parameters cannot independently reflect the service life of automotive joints, the evolution of fatigue behavior caused by process changes was studied by integrating their effects into unified heat input. Taking into account the geometric mutation and mechanical modifications of post-weld Al alloys, the developed hot spot stress estimation model of such joint has the ability to represent the influence of thermal forming process on the alternating singular stress, and is further reflected in the predicted life. The results show that on average, every increase in welding heat input energy by 8515 J led to an improvement in fatigue life of approximately 25.79 %. It was found that fatigue strength benchmark specified by hot spot stress improved the goodness of fit by 29.14 % to 55.94 % over the nominal stress, while increasing the inter-process variation coefficient by 10.77 %, thus exhibiting more accurate failure calibration for this non-uniform spot-welded structure. It was further verified that the life span error predicted using the MC model was 17.67 % to 45.54 % lower than that of the SWT model and closer to the experiment. The fatigue crack propagation modes with respect to load levels were also revealed through fracture morphology. Overall, the study provided a process-regulated fatigue resistance assessment for vehicle joints.

Event shape engineering via Glauber MC model

In our exploration of event shape engineering, the Glauber model served as a foundational tool for under- standing the anisotropic geometry of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Utilizing the TGlauberMC-3.2 model within ROOT, we systematically analyzed one million events. From the 2 & Npart plot, our data revealed an average maximum dN value of 12.00 with associated parameters: 2 = 0.91, 2 =2.74, 3 =0.91 and Npart = 14.00. These findings illuminate the distinct configurations that yield the most pronounced anisotropic geometries of the QGP, providing insights into optimizing event shape configurations.

Penggunaan Media Pop Up Book untuk Meningkatkan Minat Baca Siswa Kelas II SD Negeri Malaka

This research aims to increase interest in reading by using pop up book media in class II students at SD Negeri Malaka. This research is collaborative classroom action research. The subjects of this research were class II students at SD Negeri Malaka for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 20 students. The research design used is the Kemmis and Mc model. Taggart. The data collection techniques used in this research are: 1) scale, 2) observation, and 3) documentation. Data analysis techniques use quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the research show that class II students' interest in reading at SD Negeri Malaka can be increased by using pop up book media through the steps of observing pop up book media, listening to and reading poetry, asking and answering questions and directing attention to learning. In pre-action, the percentage of students who had a minimum interest in reading had reached a good predicate of 0%. In the first cycle, the percentage increase in the number of students who had a minimum interest in reading reached a good predicate of 45%. In cycle II, the percentage increase in the number of students who had a minimum interest in reading reached a good predicate of 85%.

Avulsions in adolescent soccer players: preliminary results of radiographic, ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance findings

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to characterize soccer related avulsions radiologically. The secondary objectives were to describe the athletes' clinical profile and other musculoskeletal changes associated with avulsions. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with adolescent athletes from a Brazilian team soccer academy. Inclusion criteria were age between 11 and 16 years and clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of avulsion. Exclusion criteria were exams with an unacceptable technical standard and absence of clinical data. Four radiologists revised the exams consensually (two for each method). The equipment used was a General Electric (GE) US scanner, model Logic 10, and a 1.5 T MRI GE scanner, Optima MR 360 model, and a Shimadzu RX scanner, Radspeed MC model. Results and discussion: Nine showed signs of avulsion from a sample of 37 athletes. The mean age was 13.1 years, and all were male. Four athletes were injured during the matches (44.4%), and another five were in training (55.6%). Clinically, one injury was considered mild (11.1%), two moderate (22.2%), and six severe (66.7%). The anatomical locations and frequencies of avulsions were: five in the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) (55.6%), two in the ischiatic tuberosity (IT) (22.2%), and two in the iliac crest (22.2%). Ultrasonography (US) was performed in 10 cases and detected seven avulsions (77.8%). All lesions not detected by US occurred at the IT. A pelvic radiograph was performed in seven cases and was positive in five athletes (77.8%). Undetected cases occurred at the AIIS. Avulsions occurred in isolation in eight cases (88.9%), simultaneously with indirect trauma in three (33.3%) and direct trauma in two (22.2%). Conclusion: In adolescent soccer players, a quarter of traumatic injuries are avulsions, which are more common at the AIIS. US proved ineffective in identifying some IT lesions and radiography, some others at the AIIS.

NIR Spectroscopy as an Alternative to Thermogravimetric Analyzer for Biomass Proximate Analysis: Comparison of Chip and Ground Biomass Models

This study investigates the non-destructive analysis of proximate parameters (moisture content, MC; volatile matter, VM; fixed carbon, FC; ash content) in various chipped and ground biomass using a combination of destructive thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and non-destructive near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with partial least squares regression (PLSR). The thermogravimetric method determines proximate analysis data through TG and DTG curves, tracking biomass mass loss over time or temperature. NIRS scans chipped biomass in diffuse reflectance, and ground biomass in transflectance mode, covering the wavenumber range from 3595 to 12,489 cm−1. PLSR-based models (Full-PLSR, GA-PLSR, SPA-PLSR, MP PLSR 5-range method, and MP PLSR 3-range method) are developed and evaluated based on R2P, RMSEP, and RPD. MC and FC models for chip biomass exhibit satisfactory performance, making them cautiously applicable in various applications, including research. Optimal models for MC and FC in chip biomass, constructed using GA-PLSR with the second derivative and Full-PLSR with a constant offset, yield high R2P values (0.8654 and 0.8773), low RMSEP values (0.85% and 2.12%), and high RPD values (2.9 and 3.0), indicating applicative capabilities. Other parameters such as MC and FC in ground biomass, as well as VM and ash content in both chip and ground biomass, are found suitable for rough screening. Model sensitivity, assessed by calculating LOQ, indicates high sensitivity for VM in both chip and ground biomass and FC in chip biomass, as the calculated LOQ value is lower than the minimum reference values used during model development. However, for the remaining parameters, LOQ values surpass the established minimum reference value, suggesting limitations in predicting samples below the calibration range. Continuous model enhancement incorporating an ample number of representative biomass samples and consistent validation with unknown samples are imperative for ensuring accurate predictions.

Effects of Ion Channeling and Co-Implants on Ion Ranges and Damage in Si: Studies With PL, SRP, SIMS and MC Models

Effects of Ion Channeling and Co-Implants on Ion Ranges and Damage in Si: Studies With PL, SRP, SIMS and MC Models

Powtoon Assisted Glasser Model To Improve Writing Skills in High School Students

This study aims to improve the writing skills of SMA Negeri 1 Lintongnihuta students by using the glasser model with the help of local wisdom-based powtoon applications. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK), in this case the teacher as the implementer of learning while the researcher as an observer. This research design uses the Kemmis and Mc model. Taggart. This research was carried out in the odd semester of the 2023/2024 academic year, namely in July. The subjects of this research were class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Lintongnihuta, consisting of 28 students. The object of research is students' writing skills. Data collection techniques use tests and observation. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in table form. The results showed that there was an increase in students' writing skills, the average value of writing skills in the first cycle of the first meeting was 65.45 and the second meeting was 68.05. In cycle II the average writing skills score for the first meeting was 70.65 and the second meeting was 89.5. This means that improving learning outcomes by using the glasser model with the help of the local wisdom-based powtoon application can improve the writing skills of class X senior high school students.

Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengenal Lambang Bilangan Melalui Bermain Puzzle pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun di TK Tunas Inti Indragiri Hulu

Mathematical knowledge in early childhood, especially knowledge about understanding the concept of numbers, is very important and must be prepared as well as possible so that it will contribute to students' success in everyday life and success in the future. The aim of this research is to improve the ability to recognize number symbols through playing puzzles in children aged 4-5 years at Tunas Inti Indragiri Hulu Kindergarten. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) using the Kemmis and Mc model research design. Taggart. The research subjects were all group A children at Tunas Inti Indragiri Hulu Kindergarten. The number of children is 20, consisting of 10 boys and 10 girls. This classroom action research was carried out through two cycles. Each cycle consists of two meetings. The results of the research were that in the pre-cycle the average child's score was only 41.50% in the Not Yet Developed category, but after playing the puzzle game in Cycle 1 the child's average score increased to 67.65%, but this score did not meet the indicators of success. So the researchers continued improvements in cycle 2 with an average score of 84.67%. The improvement in the ability to recognize number symbols for children aged 4-5 years at Tunas Inti Indragiri Hulu Kindergarten in cycle 2 has met the success criteria so that it does not require reflective action and the research is considered complete. Keywords: Symbols for Numbers, Games, Puzzles

Calibration Method and Material Constants of an Anisotropic, Linearly Elastic and Perfectly Plastic Mohr–Coulomb Constitutive Model for Opalinus Clay

AbstractNagra, the cooperative for developing and implementing a long-term radioactive waste depository in Switzerland, identified Opalinus Clay as the most suitable host rock for deep geological containment. This paper deals with those features of Opalinus Clay that are important for the design and construction of the underground structures. Consolidated drained (CD) and consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial compression tests on specimens from deep boreholes revealed that Opalinus Clay exhibits pronounced stiffness and strength anisotropy, dependency of stiffness on the initial confining pressure, slightly non-linear pre-failure stress–strain behaviour, and a drop in axial resistance after a certain amount of shearing. Within the scope of establishing a rigorous—yet practical—design approach for the repository tunnels and caverns, the simplest possible constitutive model capable of reproducing the main aspects of the Opalinus Clay behaviour is adopted. The non-associated linear elastic and perfectly plastic MC model is chosen as a starting point, on account of its wide use in tunnel engineering practice, its simplicity, and the clear physical meaning of its parameters. This paper presents a systematic and robust calibration method for an extended version of this model, which considers the pronounced strength and stiffness anisotropy of Opalinus Clay. The paper additionally provides the full suite of the equations that describe the model behaviour under triaxial CU or CD testing conditions and for any bedding orientation relative to the specimen axis. The equations are employed to determine ranges of material constants for two varieties of Opalinus Clay, based upon the results of 73 CU and CD tests. A thorough comparison between the model predictions and the experimental response is conducted, to demonstrate the versatility and limitations of the constitutive model and of the proposed calibration approach.