Maximum Resistance Change Research Articles

Development and properties of cost-effective self-sensing Ultra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) incorporating steel slags

This study examined the electrical and self-sensing capacities of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete （UHPFRC） with and without steel slag powder. The inclusion of steel slags provides a reliable way to enhance the electrically conductive and self-sensing capabilities of UHPFRC, which is composed of cement, silica fume, and steel fiber. The conductibility of UHPFRC and its response to external loading were investigated. Additionally, through 3D analysis of fiber structure and pore distribution, the conductive mechanisms were revealed. The results show that the addition of steel slags powder (SSP) can improve both mechanical properties and flowability. The maximum fractional change in electrical resistivity under compressive and flexural loads reached 37.6 % and 54.1 %, respectively. However, the conductive model under compressive loading differs from that under flexural loading. Furthermore, an analysis of carbon emissions and material costs revealed that using SSP reduced carbon emissions by 45.2–96.4 % and lowered costs by 41.8–88.8 %, making this approach both economically and environmentally advantageous.

Piezoresistive and capacitive cement-based stress sensors designed by incorporating carbon nanotubes doped with graphene nanopowder for structural health monitoring

Piezoresistive and capacitive cement-based smart composites are promising candidates for stress monitoring applications in buildings. However, the drawbacks of designing cement-based smart composites with a piezoresistive mechanism sensitive to temperature variations or a capacitive mechanism sensitive to vibration can be solved with sensor designs based on two principles. To address this issue, cement-based smart composites with piezoresistive and capacitive stress sensitivity and significantly improved compressive strength were designed using carbon nanotubes (CNT) doped with graphene nanopowder. A maximum fractional change in electrical resistivity of 90.08% with a high linearity of 98% was obtained with a blend of 0.01 wt%, and the maximum fractional change in capacitance was 163.11% with a high linearity of 97% at 0.05 wt%. Cement-based smart composites have absolute piezoresistive stress sensitivities that vary from 1.38% MPa−1 to 4.16% MPa−1 and 2.54% MPa−1 to 2.57% MPa−1 for blended and impregnated low doses of 0.01 wt% to 0.05 wt% CNT doped with graphene. In addition, capacitive stress sensitivities of 22.74% MPa−1 and 5.1% MPa−1 were achieved by blending and impregnating 0.01 wt% CNT doped with graphene in cementitious composites. Furthermore, the conductive path, overlapping, and tunneling effect created by CNT doped with graphene in cementitious composites and the porous structure in the dielectric layer are responsible for the increased stress sensitivity.

Highly sensitive humidity sensor based on composite film of partially reduced graphene oxide and bacterial cellulose

Breathing is an important physiological activity of human body, which not only reflects the state of human movement, but also is one of the important health indicators. Breathing can change the concentration of water molecules, so monitoring humidity has gradually become a hot topic in modern research. In this study, a humidity sensing composite film with high sensitivity and short response time was made by using the mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and bacterial cellulose (BC) with simple dry film-forming method. L-ascorbic acid was used as reducing agent to reduce GO and improve the conductivity of GO/BC composite film (BG). The influence of different BC contents and the different reduction degree on the resistance change rate of composite film was investigated in details. The maximum resistance change rate of partially reduced BG humidity sensitive composite film reached up to 94%, and the response and recovery time were 13 s and 47 s respectively. Furthermore, the sensor shows obvious resistance change in noncontact sensing test and different breathing states. This kind of humidity sensitive film with fast response and high sensitivity has great potential in human health monitoring and noncontact sensing, and is of great significance in promoting health detection and intelligent life.

Development of self-sensing cementitious composites by incorporating a two-dimensional carbon-fibre textile network for structural health monitoring

Many challenges persist with traditional self-sensing cementitious composites, such as selecting conductive fillers, determining optimal aspect ratios, controlling dosage, achieving filler dispersion, designing practical electrodes, and overcoming fabrication difficulties. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel self-sensing technique for cementitious composites by incorporating a 2-dimensional (2-D) carbon-fibre textile network to address these challenges. Additionally, instead of using the entire composite volume as the sensor, an alternative approach is explored, which involves utilising the interlaminar interface by incorporating the 2-D carbon-fibre textile network. This approach provides an integrated self-sensing system, including electrical leads and conductive pathways, which can be tailored based on the design requirements. The paper introduces fundamental concepts and measurement circuit design, followed by a comprehensive study covering measurement techniques, electromechanical properties, and microstructural analysis. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of ambient conditions, such as temperature and relative humidity, on the measurements. Experimental results demonstrate a remarkable maximum fractional change in contact resistivity, reaching up to 70%. The reversibility during cyclic compression is excellent, with a maximum negative gauge factor of − 2500. These findings represent a significant step toward achieving a practical and simplified method for manufacturing self-sensing cementitious composites and open avenues for self-sensing, sustainable textile-reinforced concrete structures (TRC).

Film size-dependent bias voltage regulated resistance switching behavior for ultra-thin Fe65Co35 films on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 piezoelectric substrates

We report the film size dependent bias voltage modulated resistance switching behavior for a novel memory cell, constructed with ultra-thin Fe65Co35 (FeCo) thin films grown on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single crystal piezoelectric substrates. Measurement results show that the PMN-PT exhibits good ferroelectric properties and excellent piezoelectric performance. The saturation polarization intensity and piezoelectric displacement are 35.5 μC/cm2 and 80 Å, respectively. The PMN-PT/FeCo heterostructure shows a clear magnetic hysteresis loop with a coercive field of 114 Oe and FeCo films possess ferromagnetic domain structures. By applying a bias voltage in the thickness direction of the heterostructure, the current-voltage (I–V) characteristics of the FeCo films on the PMN-PT could be adjusted, and multiple resistance states are generated. The FeCo film size dependence of resistance switching behaviors was investigated by analyzing the resistance change of the samples, a maximum resistance change of 61.5% was obtained for the heterostructure with 100 μm × 100 μm FeCo films, at a bias voltage of 30 V. It is revealed that the resistance switching behaviors of the heterostructures has been enhanced by using small lateral size FeCo films. The memory device can directly write information and data by using an electric field, and read information by using the change of resistance.

Magnetoelectric memory cell based on 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5Ba0.7Ca0·3TiO3/Fe65Co35 thin films

In this study, 0.5Ba(Zr0·2Ti0.8)O3-0.5Ba0·7Ca0·3TiO3(0.5BZT-0.5BCT) thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate, and then small area Fe65Co35(FeCo) films were deposited on 0.5BZT-0.5BCT films. The hysteresis loops and piezoelectric curves of 0.5BZT-0.5BCT films were studied. The results show that the piezoelectric displacement of 0.5BZT-0.5BCT films is 63 Å, the residual polarization intensity is 2.76 μC/cm2 and the coercive field is 110 kV/cm. 0.5BZT-0.5BCT/FeCo composite films exhibit typical magnetic hysteresis loops and stripe-like domains, the in-plane and out-of-plane coercivities are 10 Oe and 94 Oe, respectively, which indicates that the thin films have good soft magnetic properties. The current-voltage (I–V) curves of FeCo films on 0.5BZT-0.5BCT films were studied, the I–V behaviors of the thin films could be modulated by applying bias voltage, resulting in a resistance switching behavior. The maximum resistance change is 94% at 10 V bias voltage and 1 V scan voltage.

Design and Simulation of a Piezoresistive V-Shaped Strain Gauge for Torque Measring

Modeling and simulation of system design adjustment is respectable training for design and engineering decisions in real world jobs. In this paper, the exact perseverance connected with the strain of components is very important for structural designs, analyses, and for excellent control. The information linked to this type of test is usually related to the exact dimensions connected with the pressure within a flexible region. This paper proposed the design and simulation of a torque sensor with a piezoresistive V-shaped strain gauge. The piezoresistive measure of a precious metal for a stable base was made according to the results of an ANSYS simulation. A torque sensor with a piezoresistive V-shaped tension measure on a base was made. The result of the particular simulation shifted the fraction of tension on the base to enable the torque on the substrate to be measured. Theoretical studies on the piezoresistive measure of a metal for the stable base as well as the torque sensor were introduced. A maximum of 127.29 με and a maximum resistance change in gauge equal to 0.091Ω were achieved for an applied torque of 22.0725 Nm. Here, computer systems modeling and simulation are going to be used.

Sensitive electric field control of first-order phase transition in epitaxial multiferroic heterostructures

Strongly correlated electron materials that exhibit rich phase transition and multiple phase separation have shown many fascinating properties. Using these properties in the electronic device will require the ability to control their phase transition and phase separation behaviours. In this work, we report a sensitive electric field control of first-order phase transition in epitaxial (011)-Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3/0.71Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.29PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) heterostructure. The pristine film shows phase separation character with the penetration of the ferromagnetic metallic phase into the charge and orbital ordered antiferromagnetic insulating phase, and this was revealed by the XMCD and XLD investigation. The (011)-oriented PMN-PT piezoelectric single crystal adopted can exert anisotropic in-plane tensile strains on the epitaxial Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 film when applying the electric field. The coaction of the electric field-induced strain and polarization effects of the PMN-PT piezoelectrics enable the efficient manipulation of orbital ordering and the coupled electronic and magnetic phase transitions. Accordingly, a small +1.6 kV cm−1 electric field can recover the first-order metal-insulator transition which was inhibited in the pristine heterostructure, increase the transition temperature by 56 K and the maximum resistance change reaches 7033%. Furthermore, the electric field demonstrated non-volatile control of magnetization, and the magnetoelectric coefficient reaches 1.89 × 10−7 s m−1 at 200 K. This work indicates that choosing the piezoelectric substrate with appropriate electric-field-induced strain opens a route to designing functional electronic devices where the tunable macroscopic properties derive from strongly interacting degrees of freedom present in the manganite.

Enhanced effects of carbon-based conductive materials on the piezoresistive characteristics of cementitious composites

In the present study, an enhanced effects of carbon-based conductive materials on the piezoresistive characteristics of cementitious composites were investigated. A polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer and silica fume were used to disperse conductive mateirals effectively into cement pastes. The dispersion of the conductive materials in the cement pastes was evaluated through electrical resistance measurement, zeta-potential test, and sedimentation test. In this study, carbon nanotube (CNT) and carbonyl iron powder (CIP) were used as conductive materials. The piezoresistive characteristics of the cementitious composites under cyclic loading conditions were explored. The effects of the incorporation of CNT and CIP on the piezoresistive performance were evaluated through the electrical resistance change and the relationship between the electrical resistance change and loads. The test results indicated that the incorporation of CIP into cementitious composites with CNT improved the piezoresistive sensing performance of the composites. The maximum electrical resistance changes of the composites with CIP were 67.49% when the CNT content was 0.5 wt%. Furthermore, the effects of various temperature conditions on the piezoresistive characteristics of cementitious composites were studied. Changes in piezoresistive characteristics of the composites exposed to elevated temperature and subjected to freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed. The electrical resistance change of the conductive network significantly changes at 200 °C.

Effect of aspect ratio on piezo-resistance properties of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube polymer composites

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are actively used as reinforcing and electrical filler materials in composites owing to their superior electrical and mechanical performances. The electrical, mechanical, and piezoresistive performances of MWNT/polymer composites vary depending on the filler direction and aspect ratio (A/R). In this study, we fabricated MWNT/polymer composites with fillers aligned at different A/R. To prepare the aligned MWNT polymer composite with three different A/R, well dispersed MWNTs in the polymer matrix were applied continuous shear force in one direction by two-roll mill. Also, randomly oriented composites using same fillers were compared their mechanical, electrical, and piezoresistive properties to aligned composites. The aligned composite with the high A/R showed 6.03 times higher in elastic modulus and 17.4 times higher in electrical conductivity compared to the randomly oriented composite with the low A/R. The piezo-resistance, expressed as the maximum resistance change in tension, of the aligned composite with the low A/R had 84% higher than that of the randomly arrayed composite with the high A/R. In contrast to the enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties as the A/R rises and alignment occurs, the resistance in tension increases as the A/R decreases and the fillers are aligned. Thus, the influence of the filler alignment on the piezo-resistance properties of the composite is significant.

Self-sensing performance of cementitious composites with functional fillers at macro, micro and nano scales

Self-sensing cementitious composites have attracted substantial attention as a multifunctional construction material for structural health monitoring (SHM). This study aimed to develop self-sensing cementitious composites using a combination of macro, micro and nanoscale conductive fillers, as the hybrid fillers can take advantage of different types of conductive fillers and create a synergistic effect. Magnetite aggregate (MA), carbon fibre (CF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) were combined and used as the conductive fillers for the fabrication of self-sensing cementitious composites, where the mechanical properties, electrical properties and piezoresistive performance were studied. The MA at 100 wt% achieve the optimal mechanical properties, leading to a 5% increment in compressive and a 25% increment flexural strength with a value of 37.3 and 5.7 MPa. Additionally, multiple reinforcing effects were achieved when combining different types of functional fillers, which a single filler cannot achieve. The best conductive filler combination is MA, CF and CNT hybridisation, each at 100, 0.3 and 0.05 wt%, respectively. A 17% improvement in terms of compressive strength can be observed. And the piezoresistive response can achieve a maximum fractional change in resistivity of 44.7% and demonstrates enhanced linearity, repeatability, signal to noise ratio and stability.

Discrimination of Floral Scents in <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i> Cultivars using Electronic Nose

The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in volatile profiles among different Korean chrysanthemum cultivars grown as cut flowers. To optimize a method for sampling and comparing scents, the scents were evaluated by electronic nose (E-nose) at different flowering stages and in different organs and cultivars. The values of maximum resistance changes of metal oxide semiconductor sensors and relative aroma intensity were highest at flowering stage III (full flower stage of ray florets and initial opening disc florets) among different stages and in disc florets among different floral organs of cut chrysanthemums. Among the 12 chrysanthemum cultivars, the highest values for response change and relative aroma intensity were observed in the flowers of the ‘Ilweol’ cultivar. To compare scent patterns among the cultivars, E-nose sensor data was subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis of the volatile metabolic profile data indicated that chrysanthemum samples were clearly discriminated in a cultivar-dependent manner. These results show that different cultivars are characterized by distinct volatile profiles. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the 12 chrysanthemum cultivars were separated into 3 main groups according to the relationship of volatile profiles; however, chrysanthemum cultivars were not clustered according to the flower shape. We propose that these results could be used as the basis on which to improve the breeding of cut chrysanthemums based on volatile characteristics.

The effect of temperature on the properties of hydrothermally synthesized VO2 nanostructures and electro-induced MIT

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) will undergo a reversible phase transition when under thermal, electrical or optical stimuli. The use of electric field to induce the transport properties is promising for novel switches, volatile memory and photodetectors. In this paper, VO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal and post-vacuum annealing method. And then, the electro-induced MIT of the composite film filled with VO2 particles was discussed. The results show that purity VO2 (B) with different morphologies were obtained at different temperatures from 120 to 240 °C. The HRTEM images proved that the VO2 (B) nanobelts grow in the direction of the (110) plane, and the VO2 (M) nanoparticles grow along the (110) crystal plane. SEM pictures illustrate that the length of the nanoparticles becomes smaller as the preparation temperature increases. DSC reports and I-V traces proved that the VO2 (M) has an excellent performance of phase transition under heating and voltage. The results show that the hydrothermal temperature is helpful to increase the initial resistance, resistance change rate and phase change voltage of VO2 composite film. And the maximum resistance change rate before and after the MIT of samples is higher than 200. The experimental results show that the VO2 coating has an excellent voltage nonlinear response, due to the apparent switching performance, high nonlinear coefficient, and good consistency. The research data and theoretical analysis of this paper have an excellent guiding role for the application of VO2 in the electro-induced phase transition.

Bias voltage modulated resistance states in small-area Fe70Ga30 films on ferroelectric Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3) films

In this work, composite films consisting of small-area Fe70Ga30 (FeGa) on [Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3]–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3) (BZT-0.5BCT) films were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. Tetragonal perovskite crystalline phase of BZT-0.5BCT films was obtained and the films possess uniform and ordered ferroelectric domain structures. Ferroelectric hysteresis loop and displacement voltage butterfly loop of BZT-0.5BCT films are studied. The results show that BZT-0.5BCT films exhibit good piezoelectric properties with displacement up to 64.2 Å. The BZT-0.5BCT/FeGa composite films exhibit well defined magnetic hysteresis loop with a coercive field of 3.8 kA/m. The current-voltage (I-V) curves are examined and the I-V behaviors of FeGa films on BZT-0.5BCT films could be modulated by applying bias voltages, which gives rise to remarkable bias voltage controlled resistance switching behaviors, a maximum resistance change of 79.8% was obtained with a bias voltage of 0.5 V.

Tailoring sensing properties of smart cementitious composites based on excluded volume theory and electrostatic self-assembly

The excluded volume effect is the reduction in free volume of a matrix filled by secondary fillers, which can enhance the conductive network of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites and work effectively with microscale secondary fillers. Besides, the electrostatic self-assembly method has been proved effective for dispersing CNTs. Therefore, this study aims to assemble microscale TiO2 with CNTs to develop smart cementitious composites, in an effort to tailor the sensing properties based on the excluded volume theory and electrostatic self-assembly method. The results show the composites with CNT/TiO2 have a high sensitivity, a wide stress/strain monitoring range, and acceptable mechanical properties. In elastic state, the strain sensitivity of cementitious composites can reach 317. The composite can monitor the compressive stress from 0 to 80.7 MPa, with the maximum fractional change in resistivity as high as 84.09%. Furthermore, due to its low water absorption property, the CNT/TiO2 filler exhibits little negative effect on the mechanical properties of cementitious materials with best piezoelectric performance.

Multifunctional Graphene-Based Composite Sponge.

Although graphene has been widely used as a nano-filler to enhance the conductivity of porous materials, it is still an unsatisfactory requirement to prepare graphene-based sponge porous materials by simple and low-cost methods to enhance their mechanical properties and make them have good sensing and capacitive properties. Graphene platelets (GnPs) were prepared by the thermal expansion method. Graphene-based sponge porous materials were prepared by a simple method. A flexible sensor was formed and supercapacitors were assembled. Compared with other graphene-based composites, the graphene-based composite sponge has good electrical response under bending and torsion loading. Under 180° bending and torsion loading, the maximum resistance change rate can reach 13.9% and 52.5%, respectively. The linearity under tension is 0.01. The mechanical properties and capacitance properties of the sponge nanocomposites were optimized when the filler fraction was 1.43 wt.%. The tensile strength was 0.236 MPa and capacitance was 21.4 F/g. In cycles, the capacitance retention rate is 94.45%. The experimental results show that the graphene-based sponge porous material can be used as a multifunctional flexible sensor and supercapacitor, and it is a promising and multifunctional porous nanocomposite material.

Electrical and shear constitutive response of conductive glass fibre/epoxy composites

ABSTRACTElectrical and shear behaviour of electrically conductive glass fibre/epoxy composites is studied under interlaminar shear loading. A well-connected network is developed by dispersing carbon nanotubes in the matrix and reinforcing micro carbon fibres between the glass laminates. The effect of carbon fibre length and their densities on the electrical and shear behaviour of the composite is investigated. Although interlaminar shear strength was increased by 20% with addition of carbon fibres, they failed to bridge the delamination between the laminates. For all composite types, there is no change in resistance during elastic deformation due to the formation of new contacts between the CNTs. However, during the non-linear deformation, the carbon fibres debonding and micro-crack coalescence increased resistance steadily for all cases. The composites of shorter carbon fibres showed a higher slope in the resistance change and a maximum peak resistance change compared to that of longer carbon fibres.

Manganese-Doped Tin Oxide for Highly Flexible and Transparent Multilayer Electrodes with Index-Matching Layers.

We fabricated transparent Mn (2.59 wt.%)-doped tin oxide (MTO)/Ag/MTO films with refractive index-matching layers (IMLs) on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. To reduce refractive index-mismatching, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and MTO layers were inserted between the MTO/Ag/MTO multilayer film and the PET substrate. MTO and Ag were deposited by RF/DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature, whereas spin-coating was used to deposit PDMS at various dilution ratios in hexane. In this study, pattern visibility was examined by comparing the differences in the color and reflectance of oxide/metal/oxide multilayers before and after adding the PDMS and MTO IMLs. In addition, the effects of the PDMS dilution ratio on the electrical and optical characteristics were also investigated. The MTO/Ag/MTO/PDMS/MTO multilayer films showed high transmittance (>86% at 550 nm) except at the dilution ratio of 1:50. As the PDMS dilution ratio increased from 1:50 to 1:200, the reflectance difference (ΔR) increased from 0.08% to 0.35% and the color difference (Δb*) increased from 0.31 to 1.23. The maximum resistance changes of the multilayer films were 0.126% and 0.124% after outer and inner bending, respectively, for 10,000 cycles with a radius of curvature of 4 mm.

Sensing Performance of Nanocrystalline Graphite-Based Humidity Sensors

Environmental sensors play a crucial role in a wide range of applications. Among them, humidity sensors that are stable and operational in harsh environments are incredibly important for process control and monitoring. Nanocrystalline graphite (NCG) is a type of carbon-based thin film material. Previous work has shown that NCG has excellent mechanical properties and is able to withstand high radiation doses. The granular structure of the NCG film makes it a good candidate for humidity sensing as the film consists of conductive graphitic grains with a high density of sp <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> bonds and amorphous grain boundaries with high resistivity, and adsorption of water molecule onto the film forms conductive pathways between grains through the Grotthuss mechanism which lowers the resistance of the film by a measurable amount. Here, we report for the first time a working humidity sensor with linear response, fabricated using NCG as the sensing material for harsh, real-world environments, which include exposure to weak acids via rainfall, UV radiation, mechanical wear, and high-humidity environments. The calculated sensitivity of the best-fabricated sensor is S = 0.0334%, with a maximum resistance change of -4.4 kg, over the range of 15% RH to 85% RH. The response time of the sensor is 20 ms with the current measurement setup. The baseline resistance value of the sensor at 15% RH is 210 kg. The sensor has the potential to be used as a humidity sensor for harsh environments due to the chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability of the NCG film.

Smart Cement Compressive Piezoresistive, Stress-Strain, and Strength Behavior with Nanosilica Modification

Abstract In this study, smart cement with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.38 was modified with up to 1 % silica nanoparticles (NanoSiO2) to evaluate the effect not only on the sensing properties but also on the compressive stress-strain relationship and strength. The oil well cement (class H) and cement modified with NanoSiO2 were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis. The smart cement was prepared by adding 0.1 % of the conductive filler based on the percolation theory concept to make the cement piezoresistive yet remain a nonconductive material. Testing evaluated the smart cement behavior with and without NanoSiO2 to verify the sensitivity of electrical resistivity changes with time and compressive loading. The addition of 0.5 and 1 % NanoSiO2 increased the initial electrical resistivity of the smart cement by 17 and 35 %, respectively. In one day, the maximum change in the electrical resistivity (RI24hr) for the smart cement without NanoSiO2 was 364 %. The RI24hr for the smart cement with NanoSiO2 decreased with the amount of NanoSiO2. The addition of 1 % NanoSiO2 increased the compressive strength of the smart cement by 14 and 42 % after 1 and 28 days of curing, respectively. The nonlinear Vipulanandan p-q curing model was used to predict the changes in electrical resistivity with curing time. The piezoresistivity of smart cement with NanoSiO2 was over 500 times higher than the regular cement, depending on the curing time and NanoSiO2 content. The Vipulanandan p-q stress strain and stress change in resistivity models also predicted the experimental results very well. For smart cement modified with NanoSiO2, the resistivity change at peak stress was over 1,250 times higher than the change in the compressive strain. A linear correlation was obtained between the RI24hr and the compressive strength of the modified smart cement based on the curing time.