Maximum Permissible Concentration Research Articles

Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in selected rivers of Kakheti

Water pollution is a significant ecotoxicological problem for the environment. Various toxic compounds discharged into water bodies disrupt the ecosystem's balance, reduce or completely destroy the self-cleaning ability of rivers, and decrease biodiversity. Priority pollutants include heavy metals, whose increased presence in the environment is particularly dangerous to human health. The paper presents the ecochemical condition of two rivers in Georgia: the Turdo River and the Didkhevi River. Water analyses were performed using modern methods and equipment that meet European standards. Based on the results of hydrochemical analyses, it was concluded that the levels of heavy metals—specifically cadmium and copper—have increased to their maximum permissible concentrations in these natural waters. The Didkhevi River was found to be more polluted, with recorded cadmium levels at 0.005 mg/l and copper levels at 4.01 mg/l. In comparison, the Turdo River had slightly lower levels of these pollutants, with cadmium content observed at 0.0023 mg/l and copper at 2.15 mg/l.

Technogenic gold deposits of the Trans-Baikal Territory

Relevance. The need to expand the mineral resource base of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Aim. To study the geochemical composition of technozems of tailings dumps of gold deposits of the Trans-Baikal Territory, their correspondence, in terms of gold content, to technogenic deposits, to calculate the exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations of toxic elements in technozems of tailings dumps. Objects. Technozems of tailings dumps of gold deposits of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Methods. Silicate, X-ray fluorescence ISP-AES methods in analytical laboratories of the Geological Institute of the SB RAS (Ulan-Ude) and JSC "SGS Vostok Limited" (Chita). Results. It was found that in terms of gold content (Au>0.4 g/t), the technozems of the tailings of the gold deposits of the Trans-Baikal Territory, in general, correspond to technogenic gold deposits. The largest volumes and contents of gold (1.2 g/t) are characterized by technozems of the Baleysky tailings dam deposits with insignificant gold contents are technozems of Darasunsky (0.36 g/t) and Kariysky (0.35 g/t) deposits. It is determined that the chemical composition of the technozems of the tailings depends on the composition of the host rocks developed in the areas of deposits. They correspond to the rocks of both basic and medium compositions. The distinctive features of the content of impurity elements in the technozems of tailings are due to the different compositions of the initial ores of gold deposits. These differences are reflected in the values of exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations relative to soils. Among the toxic elements, arsenic is characterized by maximum exceedances of the maximum permissible concentrations. In the technozems of the Lyubavinsky deposit, the excess of the maximum permissible concentrations of arsenic relative to the soil is 933 times, and the Baley deposit is 397 times.

Influence of the Glutaraldehyde-based and Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Based Aerosol Disinfectant on Some of the Physiological and Zootechnical Indices in Broiler Chickens

Introduction. A huge number of disinfectants are used for aerosol disinfection of poultry premises, most of them are recommended for preventive or terminal disinfection carried out in the absence of poultry. At the same time, some products available to veterinary services are recommended for concurrent disinfection and are used in the presence of poultry, although, not all of them meet the requirements on composition, purpose and mode of use. The one of interest is a glutaraldehyde-based and quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) based disinfectant, which has already been investigated in the scientific sources, however the influence of this agent on the physiological and zootechnical status of poultry treated therewith has not been fully studied. The aim of this research is to study the physiological status and productive qualities of the broiler chickens exposed to direct aerosol treatment with the glutaraldehydeand QAD based disinfectant.Materials and Methods. The research was conducted from October to November 2019 in the industrial poultry farm settings in a large flock of broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 cross, divided into two groups — experimental and control one. In the experimental poultry house, on the 10th day after putting the broiler chickens in the house, a preventive aerosol disinfection was carried out by means of the Nebulo cold fogger in the presence of poultry. A 0.5% solution of glutaraldehydeand QAD based disinfectant was used in a dosage of 5 ml per 1 m3 (the maximum permissible concentration exceeding the recommended one). In the control poultry house the aerosol disinfection was not carried out. The biochemical tests of blood serum (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin, total protein, creatinine, blood urea, blood uric acid) were made using a biochemical analyser. The zootechnical indices were also studied (livability, mortality, average daily gain, feed and water consumption during the full growing life cycle, feed conversion ratio).Results. The time history of the blood serum biochemical indices showed that the use of the glutaraldehydeand QAD based aerosol disinfectant in the specified above dosage in the presence of broiler chickens did not cause a negative, toxic effect on chickens’ metabolic indicators — all changes fluctuated slightly within the physiological norm. The zootechnical monitoring data have revealed the positive effect of the aerosol disinfection on the growth and maturing of chickens, enhancement of the livestock livability and poultry average daily gain due to the decrease of microbial burden on the growing organisms of chickens. The broiler chickens livability during the entire growing period in the experimental group was 0.84% higher than in the control group. Also, the average daily gain by the end of the growing period in the experimental group was 1.52% higher than in the control group, and the average liveweight of one bird was 2 137.7 g (experimental group) and 2 111.1 g (control group). At the same time, the feed costs in the experimental group were 0.11% less than in the control group.Discussion and Conclusion. It was found that the use of a glutaraldehydeand QAD based aerosol disinfectant, even in the maximum permissible concentration in the presence of poultry, not only didn’t have a negative effect on the physiological and zootechnical status of the broiler chickens, but, on the contrary, fostered creation of the more comfortable conditions for their keeping and growing. The obtained research results allow us to confidently recommend this method of aerosol disinfection to be used in the animal and poultry keeping premises.

Heavy metal accumulation in the phytomass of plants in the Bolshoy Yugan River valley, Surgut District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra

Processes of heavy metal accumulation in plants are increasingly attracting research attention due to the high toxicity of such substances. The pollutants accumulated in the aerial (green leaves, stems, inflorescences) and underground (roots) mass of plants cause oxidative stress associated with the production of reactive oxygen species. In this work, we investigate the accumulation of heavy metals (nickel, lead, chromium, and cadmium) in the aerial mass of plants growing in the Surgut district of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra. In total, leaves from 15 plant species widespread in the studied area were collected for elemental analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. About 6–7 mg/kg of nickel was found in the green mass of reed canary grass and heal-all (Prunella vulgaris), which exceeds significantly the nickel amount in the aerial mass of сouch grass, marsh bedstraw, and broadleaf plantain. The aerial parts of reed canary grass and broadleaf plantain were found to accumulate more than 4 mg/kg of lead, while those of bladder sedge, сouch grass, and marsh bedstraw accumulate about 2–3 mg/kg of chromium. More than 2 mg/kg of cadmium was found in сouch grass. The results obtained were used to compile series of accumulation of elements in the aerial parts of floodplain plant species. The content of the studied heavy metals in the aerial phytomass of all studied plants, except for сouch grass, ranges within standard values, corresponding to their maximum permissible concentrations.

Enzymatic Diagnostics of Soil Health of the European Part of Russia with Lead Contamination

Lead (Pb) is one of the most common environmental pollutants. Lead has an acute toxic effect on soil biotas and the enzymatic system of soils. The objective of this study is to carry out enzymatic diagnostics of soil health in the European part of Russia after Pb contamination. As a part of the simulation experiment, Pb (at maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) of 1, 10, and 100) was used to contaminate 12 types of soils in the south and center of the European part of Russia, which differed in their physical and chemical properties. To assess soil health, the activity of oxidoreductases (catalase, dehydrogenases, and cysteine reductase) and hydrolases (invertase, urease, and phosphatase) was studied. Most enzymes were inhibited with increased Pb dosage. The most sensitive soils to Pb contamination, assessed by enzyme activity, are soils of semi-deserts and dry steppes. Cysteine reductase is considered the most sensitive enzyme to Pb contamination. The most informative indicators for Pb contamination were phosphatase, cysteine reductase, and invertase. The P (phosphatase) cycle and the redox enzyme (catalase) also have instability in Pb-contaminated soils. The C (invertase and dehydrogenases) and N (urease) cycles do not change significantly when contaminated with lead. The results of this study can be used for the diagnostics of the condition of soils in different natural areas after Pb contamination.

ДИНАМИКА ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ ВОД РЕКИ ВОЛГИ ФЕНОЛОМ

Phenols are priority pollutants of the natural environment and enter water sources through wastewater treatment plants of industrial enterprises. They pose a certain threat to the human body, since many of them are highly toxic and belong to the first class of danger. Organochlorine derivatives of phenol exhibit particularly high toxicity; under conditions of water disinfection with chlorine-containing preparations, they can form polychlorinated dibenzo-n-dioxins, which are classified as super-ecotoxicants and have a negative effect on the genetic code of the human body. As a result of the studies, the surface waters of the Volga river basin of the Kuibyshev reservoir in the water area of the city of Kazan were analyzed for the content of phenol and its derivatives using gas-liquid chromatography. When analyzing phenols in the aquatic environment, it was established that the maximum permissible concentrations norms for ortho-, meta-, para- chlorophenols, which are characterized by high toxicity to the human body and wildlife, were exceeded. The dynamics of seasonal changes in the concentration of phenol and its derivatives in the surface waters of the Volga river has been established, which are associated with the intensification of redox processes in the summer, occurring under the influence of temperature factors involving dissolved oxygen.

Выбор сорбента для элиминации ионов железа из сточных и природных вод

Natural waters and wastewaters often contain heavy metals, e.g., iron. Iron ore mining contaminates groundwater with iron up to 30 maximal permissible concentrations (MPC) as this element gets washed out from rock and soil. Adsorption is the most effective and economically feasible method of additional purification of natural and wastewater from iron. Its efficiency depends on the type of adsorbent. The research objective was to select the most efficient sorption material to eliminate water from iron, as well as to establish the adsorption patterns for different sorbents, thus creating sustainable and effective purification. The study featured carbonaceous sorbent of the SKD-515 grade, mineral sorption materials with aluminosilicate of the AC grade, and silicate-based sorbent of the ODM-2F grade. The porous structure was studied by porometry methods while the surface image was obtained using scanning electron microscopy. Other indicators included equilibrium, kinetics, and dynamics of iron adsorption by various sorbents. The Freundlich and Langmuir equations made it possible to calculate the key adsorption parameters. The Gibbs energy values were obtained from the Langmuir equation and equaled 11.93–20.66 kJ/mol, which indicated the physical nature of the adsorption process. Under static conditions, the sorbents demonstrated a high adsorption capacity with respect to iron, depending on the structure, and could be arranged as AC > SKD-515 > ODM-2F. In SKD-515, iron adsorption occurred in micropores; in AC and ODM-2F, it took place in mesopores. The kinetics of iron extraction showed that the adsorption process was limited by external mass transfer. The research provided a new understanding of iron adsorption by materials of various structures. The conclusions were supported by scanning electron microscopy images. Initial concentration, flow velocity, and loading layer height were studied in dynamics, i.e., during continuous operation of the adsorption column. The system proved extremely effective and reached 99.0% Fe3+ extraction under the following conditions: flow rate = 1 L/min, loading column height = 0.15 m, column diameter = 0.05 m, initial concentration = 0.5 mg/L (5 MPC). The column performance was tested at an initial concentration of iron ions of 50 MPC, which simulated the wastewater treatment at industrial enterprises. This comprehensive study of iron adsorption from wastewater proved the efficiency of the mineral sorption materials with aluminosilicate of AC grade.

STUDYING THE IMPACT OF DUST EXPOSURE AND ASSESSING THE RISK TO EMPLOYEE HEALTH

Purpose. This article is dedicated to the experimental determination of the level of dust pollution during ore crushing and the study of the long-term impact of dust exposure on workers, as well as the assessment of their health risk. Design/methodology/approach. To achieve this goal, we carried out full-scale measurements of dust pollution in real working conditions, performed mathematical modelling to analyse the data and predict the dust load over a certain period, and calculated the conditional risk to employees. Conclusions. As a result of the experiment, it was found that during the operation of the crusher, the concentration of dust in the air significantly exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (2 mg/m3). A mathematical dependence describing the dynamics of changes in the concentration of dust in the air was obtained. The average dust load per worker during a work shift and the average daily dust load, the conditional risk of an inhalation occupational disease in workers, the dust load per worker for different periods of time depending on the use/non-use of a respirator are calculated and it is proved that the use of PPE significantly reduces the impact of dust load on the worker. Limitations/consequences of research. The proposed methods for calculating conditional risk and predicting dust exposure for workers are universal for those professions in which there is significant dust pollution in the workplace. Practical consequences. The results of the study can be used to calculate and assess the dust exposure of employees during different periods of work, which will help to select the optimal personal protective equipment for employees. Originality/meaning. For the first time, an integrated method has been applied, which includes field studies of dust pollution in the workshop of a business entity, namely a mining and processing plant, mathematical modelling with modern applied software tools and, accordingly, a reasonable prediction of the consequences of long-term exposure to dust load, taking into account the conditional risk of respiratory disease.

Experimental Research on the Study of Мéntha Piperíta Makro- and Microelement Composition Growing in Goris, Syunik Region

The purpose of our work was to study the qualitative and quantitative composition of the mineral elements of peppermint (Méntha piperíta) leaves. The relevance of the study is revealed by the fact that, though some trace elements in low concentrations are necessary for plant growth, their excess can lead to plant death. This effect depends both on the nature of the element and on the type of plant. To achieve this goal, we used the method of optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma on an Agilent 5110 ICP-OEC equipment. The object of research was the dried aerial part of peppermint (Méntha piperíta) growing in Goris region of Armenia. The content of 30 elements was determined, for five of which the biological absorption coefficient is greater than unity. This means that these elements accumulate in plants. These include strontium and molybdenum, which are toxic elements. Based on the data presented, it is certainly necessary to control the maximum permissible concentrations of molybdenum and strontium in peppermint (Méntha piperita) collections before using it in cooking and for the creation of medicinal products.

Determination of the optimal concentration of ozone–containing mixture for safe use in clinical conditions

Objective. To study the effect of ozone during hyperbaric oxygenation with an ozone–containing mixture on the respiratory system and stress response organs of experimental animals, to select the optimal parameters of ozone generation and supply by the POS–1 apparatus to perform this procedure in a confined space without harming the health of the patient and medical staff. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were performed on 20 white laboratory rats divided into two groups. In group 1, 10 animals breathed the ozone–containing mixture for 7 days, each session lasted 15 minutes. In the 2nd group, 10 animals breathed the ozone–containing vapour–water mixture for 7 days, each session also lasted 15 minutes. All animals were kept in a semi–hermetic box with a volume of 0.042 m3 with an ozone supply of 500 mg/h, which exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (0.16 mg/m3 ) by a factor of 2. The pressure of the gas mixture in the box with the animals was equal to atmospheric pressure.The animals were withdrawn from the experiment on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day by injecting an excessive dose of 5.0% sodium thiopental solution. The trachea, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, stomach, pancreas, and adrenal glands were autopsied and taken for histological examination. The ozone concentration in the room during the experiment was measured using a SAMI 100S ozone concentration meter. Results. Exposure to the ozone–containing mixture did not cause pathological changes in the organs and systems of the experimental animals, as well as a significant stress response, which proves the safety of the technique in confined spaces. The method of treatment of infectious and purulent complications proposed in previous studies does not harm the health of the patient and medical staff and can be recommended for use in clinical practice without additional measures for the utilisation of ozone produced by the POS–1 apparatus. Conclusions. The optimal parameters of ozone production and supply in the ozone–containing mixture for hyperbaric oxygenation in a confined space without harming the health of the patient and medical staff have been proposed. The ozone–containing steam–water mixture can be recommended for use in clinical practice in conditions of massive tissue infection as a factor of external physical influence with pronounced bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties. The concentration of residual ozone in the room after the therapeutic procedure does not exceed the permissible level and does not harm the health of the patient and medical staff.

Adaptation of Ochrobactrum rhizosphaerae IMV B-7956 Bacteria to the Influence of Copper (II) Chloride

In technologically altered habitats, an increased content of organic compounds, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur compounds, antibiotic substances, etc. is found. Therefore, microorganisms that are systematically exposed to various stressors have developed adaptation mechanisms. The strain Ochrobactrum rhizosphaerae IMV B-7956, isolated from the infiltrate lakes of the Lviv solid waste landfill, is resistant to copper, chromium, manganese, and iron in concentrations exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations. The work aimed to study the response of O. rhizosphaerae IMV B-7956 cells to CuCl2 exposure by detecting changes in the content of lipid peroxidation products, products of the oxidative modification of proteins, activity of antioxidant defense system enzymes, and synthesis of extracellular polymers. Methods. To study the effect of CuCl2 on prooxidant indicators and the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant defense system, bacteria were pre-incubated in Tris-HCl buffer containing 2–10 mM CuCl2. After one hour of incubation, the bacterial cells were washed and cultured for 1, 12, 24, and 48 h in metal-free media. The copper content in the bacterial cells was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The content of lipid peroxidation indicators, carbonyl groups in proteins, total low-molecular-weight thiols, enzymatic activity, and the content of exopolysaccharides and extracellular proteins were determined photometrically. Results. Within an hour, O. rhizosphaerae IMV B-7956 bacteria accumulated 2.3–7.8 mg Cu/g of biomass. Under these conditions, an increased content of lipid peroxidation products was detected. During the first hour of growth in bacterial cells, enzymes with catalase and peroxidase activity were activated. During further cultivation, an increase in the activity of other antioxidant defense enzymes was detected. Carbonyl groups in proteins are probably formed due to an increase in the content of lipid peroxidation products, as they are formed later. Within 12–48 h of growth, the copper content in the bacterial cells decreases. This leads to the restoration of growth. Conclusions. The main damaging effect of CuCl2 on bacterial cells was detected during the first 24 h of growth. Activation of the enzymes of the antioxidant system and synthesis of exopolysaccharides are among the adaptations that ensure the survival of bacteria under these conditions.

ADSORPTION TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER FROM POLLUTANTS WITH CARBONATE SLUDGE

When using water for the technical needs of industrial enterprises, it needs to be purified to regulatory standards of maximum permissible concentrations, which is energy- and resource-intensive. To effectively purify industrial wastewater from various pollutants, waste from various industries is increasingly being used, which show a high degree of wastewater purification and are inexpensive.In the article, carbonate sludge is used as an adsorbent - a large-tonnage waste from chemical water treatment shops of thermal power plants. This paper presents the results of a study of the characteristics of the sorption material – granular modified carbonate sludge (GrMKSh). Data on the effectiveness of using the sorption material GrMKSh for treating wastewater from phenols is presented: the output adsorption curve under dynamic conditions is obtained, the efficiency of wastewater treatment from phenols is calculated, which is 99.2%. The results of biotesting of an aqueous extract of GrMKSh saturated with phenols on fish of the species Poesilia reticulata Pet. and crustacean Daphnia magna Str. It has been shown that purified water does not have an acute toxic effect on test objects.

Effectiveness of use zeolite in vegetable growing in the footdown zone of southeast Kazakhstan

Natural zeolite from the Shankanay deposit is effective for use as an additive to mineral fertilizers when growing vegetable crops in the foothill zone of south-east Kazakhstan. Zeolite added to the soil with mineral fertilizers leads to an increase in the water-physical properties of dark chestnut soil. The water permeability of these options has increased noticeably. The use of zeolite and fertilizers helps to increase the mobile forms of nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The addition of zeolite reduces the concentrations of mobile forms of heavy metals in the dark chestnut soil under study. Thus, the concentration of cadmium in the soil in a 0-20 cm layer under sowing table beets when using 2 tons of zeolite decreased by 50% with a control value of 1.0 mg/kg, which does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration.A positive effect of zeolite fertilizer on the productivity of vegetable crops was revealed, which makes it possible to increase the total yield of table beet roots from 42.8 t/ha in control to 43.3-62.7 t/ha in fertilized variants with an increase in yield from 4.4 t/ha up to 19.9 t/ha. The yield of cabbage was 25.7 t/ha on the control, and increased by 6.5-16.5 t/ha on the fertilized variants. The use of zeolite and fertilizers contributes to the production of vegetables with good and high quality indicators. Application of both zeolite and fertilizers increased the dry matter, sugar and vitamin C content of the studied crops. The amount of nitrates in the products decreased with the addition of zeolite and increased in other variants of the experiment, but did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration. Thus, in the control variant, the nitrate content in cabbage heads was 223 mg/kg wet weight, in the variants with zeolite 2t/ha - 205 mg/kg, in beetroots - 248 mg/kg and 195 mg/kg, respectively.

Investigation of the Number and Enzymatic Activity of Microorganisms in Soils Contaminated with Pesticides

The results of a study of the number and enzymatic activity of microorganisms in the soils of the Zardob district (Azerbaijan), from the territory of the pesticide storage base, are presented. It was revealed that the soils of the base were polluted to a very strong extent, and the content of pesticides (including DDT) exceeded the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) by tens to hundreds of times. Microbiological studies of soil samples showed that, unlike pure soil, in all soil samples contaminated with pesticides, the number of microorganisms and enzymatic activity decreased, which indicated the negative impact of soil contamination with pesticides on the structure and activity of microbiocenosis and was an indicator of limited assimilation potential and low self-cleaning ability of these soils in relation to pollutants.

Assessment of reflex risks of inhalation exposure to harmful substances among the Murmansk oblast population

This study aimed to assess the individual risks of immediate (reflex) effects of inhalation exposure to nitrogen oxide and nitrogen and sulfur dioxides among the population of the Murmansk Oblast. The study was conducted in seven cities and covered the period of October, November, and December 2021. The considered chemical compounds belong to the third hazard class. Calculations were carried out using mathematical models, linking the penetration values with the actual concentrations of pollutants in the atmospheric air and their maximum permissible one-time concentrations. A table of normal probability distribution was used to convert probits into risks. The calculated risk values were compared with the acceptable values of the maximum risks of immediate action. The acceptable value of nitrogen oxide and dioxide (0.02–0.05) was found to be exceeded in the city of Kovdor in November and December. In the city of Monchegorsk, the acceptable value of sulfur dioxide was exceeded in November.

SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION OF OIL IN THE SOIL FOR THE TERRITORY OF THE INDUSTRIAL ZONE OF THE UZEN DEPOSIT IN THE MANGYSTAU REGION

The development and operation of an oil field is accompanied by an oil spill and the formation of oil-contaminated soils. The process of natural restoration of oil-contaminated soils is extremely slow. Therefore, among environmental protection measures, the rationing of oil content in soils is extremely important. The purpose of the work is to develop a standard for the maximum permissible concentration of oil in the soil for the industrial zone of the Uzen field.Methods. The basis for the development of the maximum permissible concentration of oil in the soils of the studied field is the "Methodological recommendations for the hygienic justification of the maximum permissible concentration of chemicals in the soil". The determination of the mass fraction of oil in the studied media was performed by gas-liquid chromatography. The chemical composition of the soil was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The determination of the specific activity of radionuclides was carried out by gamma-spectrometric method on the «MKS 01A Multirad» spectrometer. Results and discussion. During the work for the field, in accordance with the requirements for substantiating the maximum permissible concentration, an assessment was made on the physico-chemical and biological properties of soils and oils. Based on the experimental data obtained, the maximum permissible concentration of oil in the soil of the industrial zone of the Uzen field at the level of 3 g/kg is justified and reflects the real conditions in which oil intake in the soil will not cause harmful effects on human health and the environment.

Cancer Incidence Relation to Heavy Metals in Soils of Kyzylorda Region of Kazakhstan.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of soil pollution factors such as heavy metal ions with the incidence of cancer in the Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan. Concentrations of heavy metal ions in the soils of different sites of Kyzylorda region, Kazakhstan, were sampled and correlated with incidence of cancer in 2021. Chromium content in the soil exceeded maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in the samples for all sites except Kazaly and Shieli, and the highest excess of 2.8 MPC was found in Terenozek. Content of copper, lead, and cobalt ions was also increased and varied in the range 1.9-15.4, 1.2-4, and 1.2-2.44 MPC, respectively. In addition, lung cancer incidence was statistically significantly correlated with soil concentration to MPC ratio of copper, cobalt, and lead; colorectal cancer was correlated with soil concentration of chromium. Cases of invasive cancer and mutations were recorded Terenozek and Kyzylorda areas. The higher the soil concentration correlate with higher cancer incidence in Kyzylorda region, Kazakhstan.

Влияние химического фактора на безопасные условия труда машинистов дорожно-строительной техники

The article considers current issues of the impact of harmful and hazardous factors of the production environment and working process on the working conditions of employees of the road construction industry. In particular, potentially negative chemical factors at the workplace of drivers of road construction machinery have been identified; the extent of their impact on the personnel has been determined based on the special assessment of working conditions. The list of harmful substances and mixtures in the air of the working area of the drivers of road construction machinery has been established. The protocols of chemical factor measurement and assessment and the cards of special assessment of working conditions at 16 workplaces of the drivers of various road construction machinery have been analyzed. Based on the comparative analysis and its graphic visualization, specific working conditions at the workplace of drivers most exposed to the adverse impact of chemical factors have been detected. The largest emissions of harmful chemicals are primarily specific for the workplaces of drivers of highly specialized road equipment, i.e., pavers, self-propelled rollers, and motor graders. Therefore, at the workplace of a driver of a GS-1402 motor grader, the maximum permissible concentration of chemical elements is exceeded by 11 % for NO2 and СО combination. For asphalt paver drivers, when employing Vogele and DC 191.504.02 pavers, the shift-average maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances are exceeded by 9.67 % and 4.33 % respectively for the mixture of limiting aliphatic hydrocarbons C1–C10. The study of chemical impact on road construction workers can aim at the detailed investigation of working conditions and their improvement by the development of workflow organization at all stages of motor road construction. The special assessment of working conditions can be used as a tool to develop approaches to security and occupational safety management in road construction.

MACRO- AND MICROELEMENT COMPOSITION OF THE HERB AND ROOTS OF HAPLOPHYLLUM DAURICUM (L.) G. DON.

Haplophyllum dauricum is a rich source of lignans with antitumor activity. It has been actively used in the practice of Traditional medicine. In addition to lignans, the chemical composition of the species is represented by coumarins, flavonoids, alkaloids and essential oils. However, the composition of the elements of the species, which are necessary for the development of quality criteria of medicinal plants, has not been studied before. In this regard, the purpose of the work was to study the content of macro- and microelements in the aboveground and underground parts of Haplophyllum dauricum of the flora of Buryatia and Transbaikal territory. The content of the following elements was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry: Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Zr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Te, Ba and Pb. The content of Hg was determined by the "cold steam" method using an atomic absorption analyzer. According to the obtained data, Haplophyllum dauricum is a rich source of calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus, which were dominant. Among the microelements, iron and titanium were in highest concentration, which were accumulated mainly in the underground part of the plant. The content of heavy metals did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration established by the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.

RADIATION AND ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF VEGETATION OF LUTSK DISTRICT OF VOLYN REGION

Abstract. The content of radionuclides of 137Сs, 90Sr and heavy metals in vegetation and agricultural products was found out in the settlements of Lutsk district of Volyn region. The results of our own field expeditionary research, as well as the results of generalization of stock materials of the Laboratory of Ecological Land Safety and Product Quality of the Volyn branch of the state institution “Institute for Soil Protection of Ukraine” (Lutsk) are the basis of the research. The plant products contain a small content of radioactive elements in the settlements of the Lutsk district of the Volyn region. The greatest pollution of plant products was found in the settlements of Sytnytsia and Omelіano. The content of the 137Сs, 90Sr does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. Exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations for the content of heavy metal salts was found in potatoes in the villages of Pozharky, Vesele. The results of the radiation-ecological study can be taken into account for the optimization of nature management and are necessary for state emergency management bodies of natural-technogenic content, for the possibility of reasonable planning and effective implementation of measures and projects for strengthening ecoenvironmental safety. The data obtained are important for the development of the National Concept to overcome the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster on the contamination of agricultural products with radionuclides and heavy metals.