Maximum Number Of Pods Research Articles

Response of Sulphur and Zinc on Yield Attributes, Yield and Economics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

During the Kharif season of 2023, a field experiment took place at the Crop Research Farm within the Department of Agronomy at SHUATS in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. The objective was to investigate the influence of sulphur and zinc on the yield attributes, yield and economics of cowpea. Growth and yield data were collected for the crop.The experiment followed a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments, each replicated three times. The treatments included varying levels of sulphur (25, 30, 35 kg/ha) and zinc (5, 10, 15 kg/ha), along with a control treatment of 20-50-20 kg/ha using Cowpea variety ‘Kashinidhi’. The findings indicated that applying 35 kg/ha of sulphur in along with 15 kg/ha of zinc resulted in the following outcomes for cowpea, Maximum Number of pods per plant (17.1), Number of seeds per pod (9.8), Seed yield (1423.27 kg/ha), Stover yield (3201.9 kg/ha), Maximum gross returns (1,06,745.14 INR/ha), net returns (73,245.14 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.19). These favourable results were observed in Treatment-9, where the specified combination of 35 kg/ha of Sulphur + 15 kg/ha Zinc was applied.

Results of evaluating the early maturity and yield potential of wild vetch varieties growing in Moscow Oblast

Wild-growing varieties are used in the breeding of Vicia sativa L. in order to expand genotypic diversity and improve the environmental stability of created varieties. In order to find wild-growing vetch possessing valuable breeding traits, 22 specimens from 15 countries were evaluated. Tests were conducted in a field experiment in the south of Moscow Oblast in 2018, 2020, and 2021. The ‘Vera’ variety served as the reference. On the basis of three-year data and in accordance with the International Classification of Vicia sativa L., the specimens were evaluated for early maturity, crop and seed production, seed size, leading shoot length, branchiness, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds in a pod. All the specimens were characterized by early maturity of fodder mass and seeds. The three-year average duration of the “sprouting- crop ripeness” period amounted to 34.7-46.3 days, while that of “sprouting-seed maturity” reached 59.0-67.5 days. In wild-growing specimens, the dry weight of the plant in the phase of crop ripeness ranged from 1.0 to 5.0 g (18-92 % of the reference). The fodder mass yield per plant was lower than that of the reference variety due to the poorer development of lateral shoots. Nineteen specimens were at the same level as or superior to the reference variety in terms of plant height. The three-year average seed yield of the specimens varied from 1.3 to 3.2 g (28-70 % of the reference). An analysis of seed yield showed that all specimens produced fewer pods than the reference. However, seven specimens were identified to be annually superior to the reference in terms of other traits: seed size (kk-36830, 36831, 36837, 36848, and 36850); the average number of seeds in the pod (kk-36871); the maximum number of pods in a node; the number of pods and the number of productive nodes on the leading shoot (kk-36879). These specimens are of interest for use in breeding vetch for seed yield.

Amelioration of the Detrimental Effects of Water Deficit Stress on Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) Through the Utilization of Poultry Litter-Based Compost

It is critical that Bangladesh faces water scarcity during the dry season, affecting lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield and some yield components during seedling and flowering stages. Thus, a two-factorial pot experiments (The experiment comprises Factor A: three fertilization levels i.e. F1 = Control [inorganic], F2 = poultry litter-based compost [20 ton/ha], F3 = poultry litter-based compost [30 ton/ha]; Factor B: two irrigation levels such as W1 = 100% field capacity [FC] and W2 = 70% FC) were designed at Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, from November 2018 to April 2019. And it was investigated how the poultry litter-based composts affected the morpho-physiology, yield and yield components of the lentil (BARI Masur-4) variety under different irrigation stress levels. Obtained results revealed that the tallest plant (30.7 cm at 75 DAS) and maximum branch number per plant (14.1 at 65 DAS), leaf chlorophyll a (0.30 mg/g), highest RLWC (70.28%), lowest proline content (1.57 µ moles g-1 FW), maximum number of pods per plant (39.4 at 75 DAS) and total grain yield (3.62 kg/m2) were recorded from compost F3 (poultry litter-based compost 30 tons/ha) with W1 (100% FC). Results also showed that the yield contributing attributes and yield of lentils were drastically reduced by water stress conditions with different rates of fertilization. In drought conditions (W2 = 70% FC), F3 (30 ton/ha poultry litter-based compost) fertilization produced the highest plant height (30.20 cm at 75 DAS), number of branches (11.5 at 65 DAS), stem dry weight (0.35 g), lowest proline (3.88 µ moles g-1 FW), highest pod number per plant (33.1), weight of 100-seed (2.36 g), total grain weight (2.77 kg/m2), harvest index (58.84%) compared to other fertilizations (F1 and F2). In summary, F3 (30 tons), a compost made from poultry litter, provides better soil conditions under drought conditions compared to F1 and F2 in the year of 2018-19 at the 0 and 20 tons/ha, respectively under the field conditions.

Effect of Sowing Dates and Seed Priming on Agrometeorological Indices and Soil Moisture Regimes of Chickpea in North Central Plateau Zone NCPZ of Odisha

Background: field experiment entitled “Effect of sowing dates and seed priming on agrometeorological indices and soil moisture regimes of Chickpea in NCPZ of Odisha” was conducted at RRTTS, Keonjhar, Odisha, during the Rabi season for two consecutive years i.e., 2021-22 and 2022-23. Method: The field experiment was laid out in factorial RBD design with three replications and two factors. There were 3 dates of sowing in Factor A (D1-25 November, D2-5 December, D3- 15 December) and 5 moisture conservation practices in Factor B (M1- Control, M2- Seed priming with water for 8 hours, M3- Osmopriming (Seed priming with CaCl2 solution @0.5% for 8 hours), M4- Straw mulch@ 5t/ha and M5- Straw mulch@ 5t/ha +Seed priming with CaCl2 solution @0.5% for 8 hours). Seed priming controls the hydration of seeds that helps in the pre germinative metabolic activity of the seeds. So even if the soil has less moisture that will not affect the uniform and proper germination of the seeds. All together there were 15 treatment combinations. The test crop variety taken was JAKI-9218. Among the three dates of sowing, D2 (5th Dec) sowing recorded the tallest plants (41.47 cm). but were recorded in D1 (25 Nov) sowing. Early sowing on 25th November recorded the maximum number of primary and secondary branches and required a greater number of days to 50% flowering (41.8 days) and days to physiological maturity (101.1 days). Results: Among the moisture conservation practices, M5 (Straw mulch@ 5 t/ha+Seed priming with CaCl2 solution @ 0.5% for 8 hours) recorded the tallest plants, maximum number of primary and secondary branches, maximum number of days taken to 50% flowering (40.7 days) and days taken to physiological maturity (100.1 days), maximum number of pods per plant (44) and number of seeds per pod (3.62), grain yield (1812 kg/ha) and straw yield (218 kg/ha). This treatment recorded the minimum consumptive use of water (203.5 mm) and rate of moisture use (1.36 mm/day) but the moisture use efficiency was maximum (12.34 kg/ha-mm). Treatment M5 recorded the maximum growing degree days (2182°C day), heliothermal unit (15077°C day hrs), photothermal unit (22595°C day hrs) and heat use efficiency (0.94 kg/ha/°C) to reach maturity. Chickpea when combined with suitable date of sowing and moisture conservation practices for proper utilization of carry-over residual soil moisture in the rice fallows gives higher yield.

Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on summer mungbean varieties on alluvial soil of West Bengal

A field experiment was carried out during the summer seasons of 2020 and 2021 at Jaguli Instructional Farm, BCKV, Nadia (West Bengal), in the Gangetic alluvial soil, to assess the effect of varieties and micronutrient foliar spray on growth parameters, yield components, yield and economics of mungbean. Results revealed that different varieties significantly promoted growth parameters and variety Meha was found to be superior. Growth parameters was significantly higher under molybdenum foliar spray over other micronutrients foliar spray. The maximum number of pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod and test weight were found in plants receiving sodium molybdenum foliar spray at 0.05%. Maximum seed yield and stover yield were also recorded in the same treatment where 0.05% sodium molybdenum spraying was done at pre flowering and pod development stage. Variety showed significant variation in pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod and test weight and were maximum in variety Meha. Both seed and stover yield were highest in case of variety Meha over others. The gross returns, net returns and benefit: cost ratio were maximum in Meha variety with foliar application of sodium molybdenum. Hence, variety Meha with foliar spray of molybdenum could be more effective in augmenting mungbean growth, yield and economics in the Gangetic plains of West Bengal in the summer season.

New cultivars of vegetable cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (l.) walp.) developed at VIR

Background. Cowpea is an important legume crop of great nutritional and economic value, ranking fourth in the world among leguminous crops in the area of cultivation. This crop is known to tolerate high temperatures and droughts, so new cowpea cultivars adapted to the local arid conditions of the Lower Volga are of considerable interest.Materials and methods. Mass and individual selection techniques were applied to develop new cultivars from cowpea landraces held in the VIR collection. Selection was carried out at Astrakhan Experiment Station of VIR in 2012–2018, and variety trials took place in 2019–2021.Results. Cvs. ‘Samma Nova’ and ‘Pasta Grin’ were released for vegetable use. The pod yield of ‘Samma Nova’ is 12.18–14.85 t/ha, seed yield is 0.92–1.14 t/ha, protein content is 28.8% in seeds and 27.1% in pods, and its growing season is 57–66 days. The cultivar is bushy, with synchronous pod and seed maturation, suitable for mechanized cultivation. The pod yield of ‘Pasta Grin’ is 24.68–25.84 t/ha, seed yield is 0.82–1.04 t/ha, protein content is 29.1% in pods and 23.6% in seeds. It is a mid-season cultivar, with a rambling stem, intended for growing on a trellis. Both cultivars significantly exceeded the reference (cv. ‘Sibirsky Razmer”) in most of the studied indicators. The breeding work with cowpea accessions showed that pod harvesting at the commercial ripeness stage stimulated plants to develop new pods, which extended the duration of fruiting and increased productivity. The maximum number of pods in all studied cultivars was formed in the first 20 days of the fruiting period.Conclusion. In 2022, according to the results of competitive and local trials, cvs. ‘Samma Nova’ and ‘Pasta Grin’ were included in the State Register for Selection Achievements (National List). The zones of cultivation and seed production for these cultivars are Astrakhan and Volgograd Provinces, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, and the Republic of Crimea.

Influence of sowing windows on seed yield ofsoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill] cv. JS-335

The soybean seed production has been limited due to lack of supply of quality seed; this is because soybean seed is affected by field weathering and environmental condition during pre and post-harvest period and thus loses its viability in storage and cannot be stored from one season to next. Therefore, the present study was conducted during 2020-21 and 2021-22 to determine the soybean cv.JS-335 breeder seed production feasibility in three seasons. The result revealed that, maximum number of pods (60/plant), pod length (4.25 cm), number of seeds per pod (3.12), test weight (75 g) and seed yield per acre (10.50 q) were recorded when soybean was sown during kharif season followed by summer as compared to Rabi season.

Evaluation of Morphological Traits in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Genotypes Cultivated in North-East India

The present study was conducted during the kharif season 2022 at the Vegetable Research Farm, located within the College of Horticulture and Forestry at Central Agricultural University in Pasighat, East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh, India to investigate “Evaluation of Morphological Traits in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Genotypes Cultivated in North-East India”. These morphological traits demonstrated significant variation among the twenty locally accessible genotypes. Qualitative traits such as growth habit, twining habit, foliage colour, leaflet shape, flower colour, pod shape, pod colour, seed shape, seed colour were recorded. Quantitative characters such as days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), leaf area (cm²), number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), pod width (cm), days to harvest, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight (g) and pod yield per plant (g) were studied. The mean performance revealed that CHF CP-12 gave highest pod yield per plant (589.19 g), highest 100 seed weight in CHF CP-12 (24.67 g), longest pod length in CHF CP-5 (32.77 cm), longest pod width in CHF CP-10 (1.07 cm), maximum number of clusters per plant was recorded in CHF CP-12 (14.16), maximum number of pods per plant in CHF CP-17 (11.80) and maximum leaf area was recorded in CHF CP-6 (229.30 cm²). The minimum number days taken for 50% flowering was found in genotypes CHF CP-9 (45.67).

Effect of Different Doses of Sulfur on Growth and Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica campestris var. Lumle Tori)

Sulfur plays an important role in the growth and yield of rapeseed plants. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with seven levels of sulfur (60 kg/ha, 50 kg/ha, 40 kg/ha, 30 kg/ha, 20 kg/ha, 10 kg/ha, and 0 kg/ha in three replicates) to evaluate the effect of different doses of sulfur on the growth and yield of rapeseed (Brassica campestris var. Lumle Tori) in Khairahani, Chitwan. Plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, grain per pod, pod weight, fresh weight, dry weight, stover weight, harvest index, and grain yield were recorded. Significant differences were observed in plant height, yield-related traits, and grain yield. The results showed significant differences between the growth and yield-related traits of the different treatments. Plant height and number of branches increased with increasing sulfur dose, reaching a maximum of 60 kg/ha. The maximum number of pods per plant was observed at 20 kg/ha, and the maximum pod length and grain per pod were observed at 60 kg/ha. Grain yield and harvest index were maximum at 20 kg/ha. The results showed that the maximum grain yield could be obtained by applying 20 kg/ha of sulfur. These findings provide valuable guidance for optimizing agricultural practices to meet the increasing global demand for oilseeds.

Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L)

A field experiment was conducted in Zaqom Khail village, Baraki Barak district of Logar province, Afghanistan, during the summer cropping season in 2020 and 2021. The study focused on organic fertilizers at rates of 300 kg/ha, 450 kg/ha, and 600 kg/ha. The NPK (100:100:50) and zero treatment were served as positive and negative controls, respectively. A dosage (100 and 50%) of organic fertilizer was applied during sowing time, at the last harrowing. The experiment followed a randomized completely block design with three replications and five treatments. Each plot had a size of 2m x 1.5m, resulting in an area of 3m², and the gaps between adjacent plots and blocks were maintained at 0.50 meters and 1 meter, respectively. Bean seeds were sown with a spacing of 0.40 m (row-row) x 0.20 m (plant-plant) and at a depth of 6 cm. The plant lines were arranged in a north-south direction, with a population of 60 plants per plot. Each plot consisted of four lines, with 15 plants in each line. The total experimental area was approximately 110 m2. The results showed that the growth parameters (number of plant branches and plant height) and yield attributes (number of plant pods, number of seeds per pod, dry matter weight per plot, and grain yield per hectare) were highest with the application of 600 kg of organic fertilizer per hectare in both 2020 and 2021. This treatment resulted in a maximum plant height of 51.0 and 49.4 cm, a higher number of plant branches (6.0 and 5.93), the maximum number of pods per plant (8.20 and 8.08), a number of seeds per pod (5.60 and 5.53), dry matter weight (30.77 and 29.30 grams), and grain yield per hectare (2.563 and 2.535 metric tons), respectively, compared to the control group. These findings indicate that the optimal dose of organic fertilizers for promoting the growth and improving the yield of common beans in the field may be a rate of 600 kg of organic fertilizer per hectare under the agro-ecological conditions of Logar.

Response of Boron and Molybdenum on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

A experiment was conducted in Crop Research Farm in department of agronomy during Zaid season of 2023 on Black gram crop. The treatment consisted of 3 levels of Boron (3000,4000,5000 ppm/ha) and Molybdenum (600,700,800 ppm/ha) as foliar spray and control. The experiment was lay out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. Application of Boron (5000ppm/ha) and Molybdenum (800ppm/ha) produced higher Plant height (48.47 cm), more dry weight/plant (9.43 g), maximum number of pods per plant (29.80), number of branches/plant (32.07),number of nodules per plant (6.80),crop growth rate (2.68g/m2/day), number of seeds per pod (7.73), Test weight (40.20 g), Seed yield (1.39t/ha), Stover yield (2.99 t/ha).Treatment combination with Boron (5000ppm/ha) and Molybdenum (800ppm/ha) highest gross return (69500.00INR/ha), net return (43209.90INR/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.64) when compared to the control (RDF).

Evaluation of Yard-long Bean Genotypes at Varied Sowing Dates in the Sylhet Region, Bangladesh

This experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University (SAU), Bangladesh during 2022. The objective was to evaluate three yard long bean genotypes (BARI yard long bean-1, BARI yard long bean-2 and Kagornatki) in three planting dates (20 March, 20 April and 20 May) under acidic soil conditions of Sylhet. The two factors field experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Yard long bean planted on 20 March recorded the minimum number of days to flower (40.33), the minimum number of days to first harvest (53.33), the maximum number of pods per plant (31.01), the highest individual pod weight (12.25 g), pod length (45.98 cm), per plant pod yield (389.47 g) as well as per decimal pod yield (97.34 kg). The genotype BARI yard long bean-1 was the earliest in flowering (41.66 days). BARI yard long bean-1 had the highest number of pods (27.81) as well as pod yield (309.85 kg) per plant. Although individual pod weight and pod length of BARI yard long bean-1 and Kagornatki were statistically similar, the per decimal pod yield (76.86 kg) of BARI yard long bean-1 was significantly higher than Kagornatki (56.31 kg). Interaction effect showed that the genotype BARI yard long bean-1 planted on 20 March showed the best performance in terms of pod yield per plant (506.56 g) and per decimal (127.22 kg). Therefore, the genotype BARI yard long bean-1 can be recommended to cultivate at 20 March sowing date under acidic soil condition of Sylhet.

Effects of blended (NPSB) and urea fertilizer on growth and green pod yield of hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) under irrigation in Raya-Kobo district, North Wollo, Ethiopia

Hot pepper is one of the most important vegetables and spice crops cultivated in many parts of the world including Ethiopia. The crop is known for its nutritional value and as spice. It’s productivity is low due to low availability of soil nutrients. Much research was conducted to investigate the response of pepper to inorganic fertilizers such as DAP and Urea. However, information about the effect of Blended fertilizers such as NPSB and its combination with Urea is scanty. This research was therefore conducted to investigate the response of hot pepper to blended NPSB and urea fertilizer rates at Kobo, North Wollo. Four rates of NPSB (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha−1) and four rates of urea (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1) in factorial combination were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results revealed that the interaction effect of NPSB and urea was significant on many of the parameters considered. Treatments that received fertilizer combination of 300 kg NPSB ha−1 and 150 kg urea ha−1 gave the tallest plants (79.76 cm) and maximum number of pods per plant (45.50), while Treatments that received fertilizer combination of 200 kg NPSB ha−1 and 150 kg urea ha−1 gave the highest total pod fruit yield (30.08t ha−1) and maximum marketable yield (29.48 t ha−1) in the study area. Application of combined 200 kg ha−1 NPSB and 150 urea kg ha−1is recommended for production of hot pepper at Kobo and similar agroecologies as the highest net benefit (3548.86 US$) with relatively high marginal rate of return (2258.91%) were recorded. However, as the present study was done only in one location for one season, it would be worthwhile to repeat it in order to arrive at a sound conclusion.

The Effect of Phosphorus and Molybdenum on Growth and Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid season (March to June; Summer season crop) of 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India to determine the “The effect of phosphorus and molybdenum on the growth and yield of summer Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”. The results showed that the treatment 9 [Phosphorus (50 kg/ha) + Molybdenum (2 kg/ha)] recorded significantly higher plant height (73.43 cm), higher number of nodules per plant (17.66), higher plant dry weight (23.07 g/plant), higher crop growth rate(18.87g/m2/day) maximum number of pods per plant (15.10), maximum number of seeds per pod (14.67), higher seed index (16.03 g), higher seed yield (1550.27 kg/ha) and higher stover yield (1615.50 kg/ha) and higher harvest index (49.05%) was recorded in treatment 8 [Phosphorus (50kg/ha) + Molybdenum (1.5kg/ha)]. Similarly, maximum gross return (94954.8 INR/ha), higher net return (65670.3 INR/ha) and highest Benefit Cost ratio (2.24) was also recorded in treatment 9 [Phosphorus (50kg/ha) + Molybdenum (2kg/ha)] as compared to other treatments.

Effect of Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties

During the summer season of 2022, a field experimental trail on groundnut was performed at Crop Research Farm (CRF), Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.) to evaluate the impact of micronutrients on the growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) varieties. The experimental plot's soil was sandy loam in texture, virtually neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.7), low in organic carbon (0.44%), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (27.00 kg/ha), and available K (291.20 kg/ha). The experiment was designed in the Randomized Block Design (RBD) method, with nine treatments repeated three times. According to this trial, the treatments are zinc (0.5%), boron (0.2%), zinc+ boron (0.5%+0.2%) as foliar spray, and varieties. (Kadiri 6, Kadiri 9, Kadiri Amaravati). The treatment combinations are, T1-0.5% Zinc (foliar) + Kadiri 6, T2- 0.5% Zinc (foliar) + Kadiri 9, T3- 0.5% Zinc (foliar) + Kadiri Amaravati, T4- 0.2% Boron (foliar) + Kadiri 6, T5- 0.2% Boron (foliar) + Kadiri 9, T6- 0.2% Boron (foliar) + Kadiri Amaravati, T7- (0.5% + 0.2%) Zn+ B (foliar) + Kadiri 6, T8- (0.5% + 0.2%) Zn+ B (foliar) + Kadiri 9, T9- (0.5% + 0.2%) Zn+ B (foliar) + Kadiri Amaravati. (0.5% + 0.2%) Zn + B (foliar) application with variety Kadiri 6 resulted in greater Plant height (26.60cm), Nodules/plant (49.14), and Plant dry weight (6.56 g/plant). Maximum number of pods per plant (27.87), kernels per pod (2.66), seed index (40.13 g), seed yield (2.48 t/ha), haulm yield (5.67 t/ha), and harvest index (30.44%). Thus, using (0.5% + 0.2%) Zn + B (foliar) in conjunction with the variety Kadiri 6 could be a promising choice for increasing groundnut yield.

Effect of Potassium and Gibberellic Acid on the Growth and Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

The field experiment was conducted at experimental field of the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The soil of experimental field is Sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36%) available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (27.0 kg/ha) and K (291.2 kg/ha). The Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments and one control plot replicated thrice on the basis of one year experimentation. To determine the Effect of Potassium and Gibberellic Acid on the growth and yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). The treatments consisted of three levels of Potassium – 20 kg/ha, 25 kg/ha and 30 kg/ha and three levels of Gibberellic acid spray – 100 ppm, 120 ppm and 150 ppm. The results showed that treatment with the application of Potassium – 30 kg/ha + GA3 - 100 ppm was recorded significantly higher Plant height (68.8 cm), no. of nodules/plant (40.9), dry weight (39.32 g). Whereas, maximum Number of pods per plant (16.94), seeds per pod (13.46), seed index (18.36 g), higher seed yield (1459.70 kg/ha) and Haulm yield (2952.30 kg/ha).

YIELD AND QUALITY OF SPRING CAMELINA SEEDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

The results of the studies on the effect of the use of biological and chemical preparations sown against the background of different sowing dates on the structure of the crop and the quality of seeds of camelina are reflected. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020 on the experimental plot of NJSC " S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University" in Akmola region. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest in terms of yield structure were options with a sowing date of May 25-30. The maximum number of pods on average was noted in the late sowing options, both with the insecticidal (75.2 pcs/plant) and fungicidal (74.7 pcs/plant) treatment of crops sown with Extrasol treated seeds. The number of seeds in the pod did not depend on the combined use of the biological and chemical preparations, but had a slight increase in that indicator when sown at a later date (by 8.6 - 1.1%). The yield of spring camelina slightly changed depending on the use of each preparation separately and exceeded the control by 0.11-0.34 t/ha when sown on May 15-20 and by 0.54-0.76 t/ha when sown on May 25-30. Variants using Extrasol + Piktor significantly increased the yield of camelina seeds. According to the oil content, there was a slight increase in the fat content in the variants treated with the drugs, compared with the control. However, the use of the Extrasol + Piktor complex increased the oil content to 39.74 - 40.05%, which was higher than in the control and in the variant of the combined use of Extrasol with an insecticide and separately. The same pattern was noted for the protein content in the seeds.

Effect of Seed Rate and Seed Spacings on Yield Attributes of Chickpea

Background: Chickpea is a cool season legume crop and is grown in several countries worldwide as a food source. Seed is the main edible part of the plant and is a rich source of protein, carbohydrates and minerals especially for the vegetarian population. The current study aimed to study the effect of seed rate and seed spacing on yield attributes of chickpea. Methods: The research was carried out at Research Farm, Department of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, Ambala during Rabi season in 2020-2021. The experiment was laid out in split plot design (SPD), with three replication and 9 treatments with two conditions i.e. three different seed rate (60, 75 and 90 kg/ha) and seed rate were design in main plot, where as in sub-plot three spacing (20, 30 and 40 cm) were tested. Result: The result revealed that seed rate of 75 kg/ha with row spacing of 30 cm in chickpea crop recorded maximum seed index (21.70 g), seed yield (23.26 q/ha), straw yield (26 q/ha), biological yield (49.16 q/ha) and harvest index (47%). The maximum number of pods per plant (107.63) and seeds per pod (2.13) were observed when the seed rate of 60 kg/ha and row spacing of 40 cm was used.

Influence of different sources of nitrogen fertilizer and weed control on yield, yield components and some qualitative traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars under dryland conditions of Khorramabad

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate yield, yield components, and some qualitative traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars under nitrogen fertilizers and weed control in dryland conditions of Khorramabad during the 2017 - 2018 growing season. Treatments were arranged in split-split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor included F1: control (without fertilizer); F2: bio-fertilizer (Rhizobium); F3: 100 % chemical fertilizer and F4: integration of bio-fertilizer + 50 % chemical fertilizer; sub-factor consisted of three cultivars of chickpea (Adel, Mansour, and Arman) and sub-sub-factor included weeds control (weeding) and weed infested (non-weeding). The results indicated that nitrogen fertilizers, especially the integration of bio-fertilizer + 50 % chemical fertilizer, had a positive effect on all studied traits. The highest number of pods per plant, grain yield, and biological yield were obtained from the Arman cultivar with the application of bio-fertilizer + 50 % chemical fertilizer and for the same cultivar under weed control conditions. The maximum number of pods per plant (28.2) and amount of grain protein content (25.3 %) were obtained by integrating of bio-fertilizer + 50% nitrogen chemical fertilizer and weeds control. In general, the Arman cultivar has priority over other cultivars for the grain yield under Khorramabad climate conditions, and integration of bio-fertilizer + 50 % chemical fertilizer could be considered as a means to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture.

Per se performance of matromorphic progenies (Mat3) and their parental lines in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) under subtropical conditions of J&K

Matromorphs or maternals are non-hybrid diploid offspring which originate entirely from the maternal parent and facilitate in obtaining instant homozygous lines from heterozygous base population thereby, shortening the time requirement of conventional breeding method for the production of homozygous lines. Per se performance of twelve advanced generations of matromorphs (Mat3) along with their ten parental lines were evaluated for growth, yield and screening against powdery mildew and rust disease under sub tropical conditions of Jammu & Kashmir under the present study. A field experiment was carried out during the year 2020-2021 at the Experimental farm, SKUASTChatha, Jammu. On the basis of overall findings of the present research study, it was concluded that Palam Triloki was the earliest with minimum days to 50% flowering (44.00) followed by three matromorphic progenies viz., Palam Triloki (46.33 days), Palam Triloki x P-89 (44.67 days) and Palam Triloki x AP-1 (46.83 days). Regarding plant height, maximum plant height was recorded in parental line Arka Apoorva (90 cm) followed by Arka Ajit (89.50 cm) and Arka Apoorva x AP-1 (Pl.1) (88.50 cm) and Arka Apoorva x AP-1(Pl.2) (88.30 cm) amongst Mat3 progenies were found to be superior. Among Mat3, maximum number of seeds per pod were recorded in Arka Apoorva X P-89 (7.83) followed by Arka Apoorva x AP-1[Pl.2] (6.77) and P-89 (7.18) and Arka Apoorva (6.34) among parents. Maximum number of pod per plant were recorded in matromorphic progenies, Arka Apoorva x P-89 (45.89) followed by Arka Apoorva x AP-1[Pl.2] (44.61), Arka Apoorva x AP-1[Pl.1] (41.83) and among parental lines, P-89 (41.28), Arka Apoorva (35.83) had maximum number of pod. Maximum pod yield per plant was recorded in Arka Apoorva x P-89 (200.38g) followed by Arka Apoorva x AP-1 [Pl.1] (184.37 g) in Mat3 whereas among parental lines maximum pod yield was recorded in P-89 (174.76g) and Arka Apoorva (145.72g). Based on the screening of genotypes under study, Arka Apoorva x P-89 (Mat3) was identified as highly resistant genotype against major pea diseases i.e. powdery mildew and rust.