Maximum Kd Research Articles

A novel strategy of concrete monitoring: The application of the integrated sensing element (ISE)

This study strategically provides an innovative pattern for concrete monitoring at the service and deterioration stages by the integrated sensing element (ISE). The advantage of the ISE is that it can independently respond to loading variation and cooperate with other sensors. The results show that the ISE can independently identify the cracking state, monitor stress conditions, and distinguish the creep behavior of concrete with different compressive strength levels. By applying this novel monitoring pattern, the relationships between stress and relative velocity change (∆v/v) can be accurately traced; meanwhile, concrete with different creep degrees can be identified. Additionally, by tracing the de-correlation coefficients (Kd), this study also reveals that the binding behavior between sensors and concrete has a significant impact on signal variation. Specifically, the maximum Kd value derived from the signal of ISE at the loading process (46.5% of the maximum uniaxial compressive strength) is lower than 0.1, while that value derived from the signal of the conventional contact transducers can exceed 0.5. At a short-time fixed loading experiment, the Kd values derived from the signal of ISE show no significant increasing trend.

Demonstrating sorption analogy of lanthanides in environmental matrices for effective decision-making: The case of carbon-rich materials, clay minerals, and soils

Examining the effect of lanthanide-contaminated wastes, which have the potential to impact to other environmental compartments, requires conducting interaction studies with soils, as feasible first receptors of lanthanide leachates, and, if necessary, with sorbent materials, such as clay minerals and carbon-rich materials, which can serve as natural barriers and immobilisation agents used in remediation strategies. In this context, it is relevant to have available and reliable data on solid–liquid distribution coefficients (Kd) to understand the lanthanide sorption in these environmental matrices. Moreover, confirming lanthanide sorption analogies permits filling data gaps and data extrapolation among different contaminated scenarios, and thus facilitate to have available input data for decision-making related to the impact of a contaminated site. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time an analogous sorption of La, Sm, and Lu in carbon-rich materials (i.e., biochar and activated charcoal), clay minerals and soils, through laboratory batch experiments. The obtained sorption Kd values revealed similar sorption patterns among the three lanthanides for each matrix tested, even at different initial lanthanide concentrations. In all matrices, the maximum Kd values exceeded 104 L kg−1, with a significant decrease when testing high lanthanide concentrations. The analogy was first confirmed by examining the Kd correlations for the La-Sm, Lu-Sm, and La-Lu pairs within each matrix, for which strong linear correlations were obtained in all cases. Data compilations were built with own and literature data, and derived cumulative distribution functions revealed statistically equal lanthanide distributions and Kd best estimates. In addition to this, Kd variability decreased when grouping the data according to significant material properties. For the first time, Kd (Ln) best-estimates for different scenarios and materials were proposed as input data for risk assessment models.

Wave Transmission and Energy Dissipation in a Box Culvert-Type Slotted Breakwater

This research is conducted to examine the transmission wave and energy dissipation of a box culvert-type slotted breakwater, which is designed as a breakwater structure with a watertight wall at the top and a box culvert type hole at the bottom. The process involves physical modeling of this structure in the laboratory. The hole and wave parameters are varied to determine the breakwater performance. The results show that the transmission coefficient (KT) value is reduced as the relative hole height (hL/d) value is decreasing and the relative hole length (B/L) and wave steepness (H/L) values are increasing. The energy dissipation coefficient (KD) value increases with an increment in hL/d, H/L, and B/L but starts to decrease after reaching the maximum, which is the optimum H × B/L2 value. This optimum value is found to be 0.0034(hL/d)2.618 depending on the (hL/d) value, while the maximum KD value is recorded to be 0.70.

Experimental and Theoretical Equilibrium Insights in the Reactive Extraction of Pimelic Acid with Tri-n-octylamine in Natural Solvents

The theoretical and experimental studies on the reactive extraction of pimelic acid (PA) from dilute aqueous solutions with tri-n-octylamine (TOA) in three different green and natural solvents namely, rice bran oil, sunflower oil (SFO), and soybean oil are carried out. In addition, physical extraction (extraction with pure solvent, natural oil) is also studied to determine the partition and dimerization constants. The experiments on reaction equilibria were performed to calculate the extraction efficiencies with variable TOA concentration, PA concentration, type of diluent/solvent, and temperature at atmospheric pressure (101.325 ± 1 kPa). The acid distribution coefficient (KD), degree of extraction (E, %), and loading factor (Z) were calculated as the extraction efficiencies to recover the PA from aqueous solution. The maximum KD (7.76) and extraction yield (88.58%) were obtained for initial PA concentration (CH2P,o= 0.2497 kmol·m–3) with 0.687 kmol·m–3 TOA concentration (C̅S,o) dissolved in sunflower oil. The overall stoichiometry and reaction equilibrium constant (KE) and individual acid-extractant complexation constants (K11, K12, K21, and K31) of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, and 3:1 PA–TOA complexes in the organic phase and their complex concentrations (C11, C12, C21, and C31) are determined using an equilibrium chemical model and bioinspired genetic algorithm, differential evolution, for better understanding of the reaction mechanism. Moreover, based on extraction conditions, the thermodynamic study is carried out to determine the change in enthalpy (−1320.11 J·mol–1), entropy (−3.63427 J·mol–1·K–1), and Gibbs free energy (−254.72 J·mol–1·K–1) of reactive separation of PA with TOA–SFO.

Cyanovirin-N Binds Viral Envelope Proteins at the Low-Affinity Carbohydrate Binding Site without Direct Virus Neutralization Ability.

Glycan-targeting antibodies and pseudo-antibodies have been extensively studied for their stoichiometry, avidity, and their interactions with the rapidly modifying glycan shield of influenza A. Broadly neutralizing antiviral agents bind in the same order when they neutralize enveloped viruses regardless of the location of epitopes to the host receptor binding site. Herein, we investigated the binding of cyanovirin-N (CV–N) to surface-expressed glycoproteins such as those of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gp120, hemagglutinin (HA), and Ebola (GP)1,2 and compared their binding affinities with the binding response to the trimer-folded gp140 using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Binding-site knockout variants of an engineered dimeric CV–N molecule (CVN2) revealed a binding affinity that correlated with the number of (high-) affinity binding sites. Binding curves were specific for the interaction with N-linked glycans upon binding with two low-affinity carbohydrate binding sites. This biologically active assembly of a domain-swapped CVN2, or monomeric CV–N, bound to HA with a maximum KD of 2.7 nM. All three envelope spike proteins were recognized at a nanomolar KD, whereas binding to HIV neutralizing 2G12 by targeting HA and Ebola GP1,2 was measured in the µM range and specific for the bivalent binding scheme in SPR. In conclusion, invariant structural protein patterns provide a substrate for affinity maturation in the membrane-anchored HA regions, as well as the glycan shield on the membrane-distal HA top part. They can also induce high-affinity binding in antiviral CV–N to HA at two sites, and CVN2 binding is achieved at low-affinity binding sites.

Reactive Extraction of Levulinic Acid using Tri-n-octylamine in 1-Octanol: Equilibria and Effect of pH

Reactive extraction is a sophisticated separation technique used for the recovery of carboxylic acids from fermentation broth. Levulinic acid is a versatile chemical. A right combination of extractant and diluent will provide a high yield. The reactive extraction of levulinic acid from aqueous solution with tri-n-octylamine (TOA) dissolved in 1-octanol was investigated at room temperature. The effect of pH was studied. From the physical and chemical equilibrium experimental results, the distribution coefficient (KD), extraction efficiency (E%), loading ratio (Z), stoichiometric loading factor (ZS) and modified separation factor (Sf) are calculated. It was found that physical extraction provided less yield compared to chemical extraction. A maximum KD was obtained as 5.248 using 40% TOA (0.9059 mol/L) while 83.99 % of the levulinic acid was extracted. By increasing the initial concentration of levulinic acid increased the concentration of levulinic acid in both the organic phase and aqueous phase. As the concentration of TOA increases from 10 to 40 % (0.2264 mol/L to 0.9059 mol/L), the distribution coefficient and extraction efficiency also increase. By increasing the pH from 3 to 7, the distribution coefficient and extraction efficiency were drastically affected.

Reactive extraction of levulinic acid using tri-n-octylamine in 1-hexanol

Reactive extraction of levulinic acid using trin- octylamine (TOA) in 1-hexanol was investigated by physical and chemical extractions from aqueous solution at room temperature. Using the equilibrium data, the distribution coefficient (KD), extraction efficiency (E%), loading ratio (Z), stoichiometric loading factor (ZS) and modified separation factor (Sf) are evaluated. It was observed that chemical extraction provided a better yield than physical extraction. A maximum KD was obtained as 10.715 using 40% TOA (0.9059 mol/L) while 91.46% of the levulinic acid was extracted. By increasing the initial concentration of levulinic acid resulted in a decrease of KD and E%. The KD and E% increased by increasing the TOA concentration from 10 to 40% (0.2264 mol/L to 0.9059 mol/L).

Ni(II) Interactions in Boreal Paenibacillus sp., Methylobacterium sp., Paraburkholderia sp., and Pseudomonas sp. Strains Isolated From an Acidic, Ombrotrophic Bog.

The uptake of nickel [Ni(II)] by Paenibacillus sp., Methylobacterium sp., Paraburkholderia sp., and Pseudomonas sp. strains isolated from a boreal bog was studied using batch experiments. All strains removed Ni(II) from the solution and the uptake efficiency was affected by the nutrient source, incubation temperature, time, and pH. As highest Ni uptake (with a maximum Kd of 1890 L/kg DW) was recorded for the Pseudomonas sp. strains, these bacteria were used in the following protein expression (SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOFF), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and EDS experiments. In addition, Freundlich and Langmuir sorption isotherms were determined. In the Ni(II) treated cells, dense crystalline intra-cellular accumulations were observed in TEM examinations, which were identified as Ni accumulations using EDS. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOFF spectra of Ni(II) treated cells showed several changes in the protein profiles, which can indicate active accumulation of Ni in these bacteria. Concurrently, we observed Ni(II) uptake to follow Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, suggesting straight cellular biosorption in addition to the intra-cellular accumulation. The role of cellular (cell membrane and cell wall) functional groups involved in Ni(II) binding were therefore studied using Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. These analyses supported the potential role of the alcoholic hydroxyl, carboxyl and amine groups in Ni(II) binding in these bacteria, therefore suggesting two different Ni(II) uptake mechanisms; (i) intra-cellular accumulation [possibly connected to detoxification of Ni(II)], and (ii) straight biosorption on cell membrane/wall functional groups.

Sorption of radiostrontium on various soils

The adsorption kinetics of 85Sr onto three pedologically characterized mineral soils was investigated, namely, one soil from the Chernobyl-Exclusion zone, Ukraine (CEZ-soil), one soil from the dismantling site of a former nuclear research reactor in Germany (DRE-soil) and a sandy reference soil (RefeSol-04A) from the Fraunhofer IME system, Germany. After seven days of treatment with 85Sr on an overhead shaker, Sr-sorption reached a (temporal) steady state. This timeframe was consistent for all three soils and independent of soil characteristics. From this experiment, maximum Kd values were calculated and compared with the existing literature. They agreed well with predictions made by the co-criterion concept for Kd(Sr) proposed by IAEA. Furthermore, the effect of gamma-sterilization and the consistency of Kd values in soils over longer periods of time is discussed.

Synthetic Na/K-birnessite for efficient management of Sr(II) from nuclear waste

The efficient separation for alternate use and management of 90Sr in nuclear waste is an important research activity in nuclear power industries. Herein we have demonstrated an efficient separation of Sr2+ by birnessite type sodium and potassium phyllomanganates (AxMn2O4-yH2O; A = Na+ and K+). Both the materials were prepared by oxidation of Mn(OH)2 by flowing oxygen atmosphere in presence of large excess of alkali hydroxide. Mn(OH)2 was prepared by precipitation method using solutions of MnCl2 and NaOH or KOH. The XRD studies revealed that both materials have layered monoclinic (C2/m) structures made of sheets of edge shared MnO6 octahedra. The Na+ or K+ ions were located in between these layers and provide charge neutrality to the structure. From thermogravimetric and XRD studies, the compositions of the prepared phyllomanganates are found to be Na0.5Mn2O4-0.96H2O (NMO) and K0.5Mn2O4-0.6H2O (KMO). The ion exchange studies carried out using radioactive 85Sr2+ solutions revealed large distribution constant (Kd) in a wider range of pH (2 to 14). Maximum Kd (27,000 mL/g) for NMO is observed in neutral medium which decreased to ∼19,000 mL/g at pH 14, while the Kd (∼22,000 mL/g) of KMO is relatively insensitive to pH. Higher preference of Sr2+ ions over Na+ and K+ have been concluded from the kinetics of exchange process. Ion exchange capacities of NMO and KMO are: 9.64 mmol/g and 1.09 mmol/g, respectively. Interference studies with several commonly present ions in nuclear waste like Al3+, Ca2+, H+ and Na+ ions, indicated appreciable interference only from Al3+.

Equilibrium Data on the Reactive Extraction of Picric Acid from Dilute Aqueous Solutions Using Amberlite LA-2 in Ketones

The present study is on the reactive extraction of picric acid (HPc, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol) from dilute aqueous solutions by organic phases containing Amberlite LA-2 (ALA-2) as extractant dissolved in four types of ketones. The studies were performed at 298, 308, and 318 K, and the results were used to calculate the values of distribution coefficient (KD), loading factor (Z), and degree of extraction (E%). Initial HPc concentration was kept constant at 0.061 mol·kg–1. The maximum KD was obtained as 60 using methyl ethyl ketone when initial concentrations of PA and ALA-2 were 0.061 and 0.59 mol·kg–1, respectively. The extraction efficiency was 98.36% under these conditions. Moreover, z-values between 0.09 and 0.27 were obtained in the ranges of parameters studied. Calculated values show that 1:2 picric acid-ALA-2 complex dominates the extraction process.

Zinc sorption by different soils as affected by selective removal of carbonates and hydrous oxides

Zinc is relatively abundant compared to other trace elements and can be highly mobile in the soil-plant system. We aimed to determine the importance of CaCO3 and oxides as two important soil constituents which affect Zn sorption in eight soils of the Southeastern Mediterranean varying in stage of weathering, origin, and properties. We removed CaCO3 and Al, Fe, Mn, and Si oxides from the soils and compared Zn sorption in the untreated soils with that in the CaCO3- and the oxides-removed soils. We found that sorption decreased considerably from 83 to 98% with CaCO3 removal in all soils and decreased further when oxides were removed from 85 to over 99% as compared to the control. The lowered sorption was confirmed by comparing Zn distribution coefficient, Kd,mean, among treated and untreated soils. This revealed that Kd,mean decreased by approximately two orders of magnitude with CaCO3 and oxides removal. Maximum Kd,mean value in untreated soils was 4886 L kg−1 (lacustrine soil); in the CaCO3-removed soils maximum Kd,mean was 143 (Histosols), and in the oxides-removed soils it was 126.5 L kg−1 (Vertisols). Zinc sorption was less affected by oxides removal in the low amorphous (oxalate-extracted) oxides-content soils, due to the reactive nature of these oxides. In the CaCO3-removed soils, Al and Fe amorphous oxides were the soil constituents that mainly affected Zn sorption. We conclude that in acidic soils with low oxides content, the addition of Fe and Al amorphous reactive oxides may result in reduced metal mobility due to enhanced sorption. This approach might be useful for future remediation options of Zn-contaminated soils.

Silver-based getters for 129I removal from low-activity waste

Abstract A prominent radionuclide of concern in nuclear wastes, 129I, is present in low-activity wastes (LAW) at the Hanford site. Several Ag-containing materials were tested as immobilization agents, or “getters”, for I (as iodide, I−) removal from deionized (DI) water and a liquid LAW simulant: Ag impregnated activate carbon (Ag–C), Ag exchanged zeolite (Ag–Z), and argentite. In anoxic batch experiments with DI water, the Ag–C and argentite were most effective, with maximum Kd values of 6.2 × 105 mL/g for the Ag–C and 3.7 × 105 mL/g for the argentite after 15 days. Surface area and Ag content were found to influence the performance of the getters in DI water. In the anoxic batch experiments with LAW simulant, Ag–Z vastly outperformed the other getters with Kd values of 2.2 × 104 mL/g at 2 h, which held steady until 15 days, compared with 1.8 × 103 mL/g reached at 15 days by the argentite. All getters were stable over long periods of time (i.e. 40 days) in DI water, while the Ag–Z and argentite were also stable in the LAW simulant. Ag–Z was found to have consistent I removal upon crushing to a smaller particle size and in the presence of O2, making it a strong candidate for the treatment of LAW containing I.

Extraction of levulinic acid using tri-n-butyl phosphate and tri-n-octylamine in 1-octanol: Column design

The reactive extraction of levulinic acid using two different extractants [tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and tri-n-octylamine (TOA)] dissolved in 1-octanol was investigated at 298K. Using the equilibrium data, the distribution coefficient (KD), extraction efficiency (%E) and loading ratios (Z) were calculated. TOA provided highest KD values with 1-octanol. A maximum KD was obtained as 9.571 using 0.689mol/kg TOA while 90.54 % of the initial levulinic acid was extracted. Increasing the initial acid concentration resulted in a decrease in the extraction efficiency. Loading ratios were found to be less than 1 for TBP while both types, i.e. 1:1 and 2:1 acid-amine complexes were expected to form with TOA. The feasibility of the extraction process was assessed by calculating minimum solvent to feed ratio required for 90% recovery of levulinic acid, number of theoretical stages, height and diameter of the extraction column.

Evaluation of distribution coefficient of vadose zone soil from proposed near-surface disposal facility at Kalpakkam, India

Near-surface disposal facility for storing low and intermediate levels of radioactive waste is proposed to be built in the premises of the Madras Atomic Power Station, Kalpakkam, India. The waste inventory of proposed near-surface disposal facility (NSDF) at Kalpakkam would predominantly contain radioactive strontium and cesium ions, and major portion of the NSDF would be located in the 3.2 m thick unsaturated soil zone. As distribution coefficient (K d) has an important bearing on contaminant transport, the paper examines how strontium retention varies with surface coverage in column experiments, and compares cumulative strontium retention using column and batch techniques. Results of column experiments show that strontium ion retention by the vadose zone soil for individual pore volumes ( $$K_{{{\text{d}}_{{{\text{pv}}_{i} }} }}$$ ) is maximum at immediate surface coverage (between 0.002 and 0.007 C/C 0). The maximum $$K_{{{\text{d}}_{{{\text{pv}}_{i} }} }}$$ values at immediate surface coverage are strongly influenced by variations in cation composition of the permeants. The maximum K d values steeply reduce (by 99 %) to near equilibrium values at 0.1–0.29 C/C 0 for all permeant compositions, suggesting that preferred adsorption site for strontium retention is exhausted at low surface coverage. The K d values from batch experiments are smaller than cumulative K d values of column experiments owing to much larger solution volume to soil solid ratio of batch experiments. Retardation factors based on cumulative K d values of column experiments and those based on batch K d values are comparable.

Mo (IV) adsorption from nitric acid media by Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) coated silanized magnetite nanoparticles

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid coated silanized magnetite nanoparticles were applied for the rapid removal and fast adsorption of molybdenum ions from simulated nitric acid solutions. The characterization of the developed adsorbent was carried out using various analytical techniques such as Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The Transmission electron microscopy photographs showed that the silanized magnetite nanoparticles were roughly spherical in shape and the average size of these particles is very close to the average size of bare magnetite particles. The binding of silane polymer and Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid on the magnetite nanoparticles was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. From the optimized influential parameters, it was found that as the acid (HNO3) concentration increases, the effect of this element vanishes and at concentrations above 1M, this element has practically no influence on molybdenum adsorption. Regarding the effect of these elements on the process, the maximum Kd is obtained in a 0.75M nitric acid solution which is 2780mL/g. While on the other hand the increase in initial NH3 concentration decreases the desorption Kd values. The studies on the adsorption of Mo (IV) ions revealed that maximum adsorption efficiency was achieved with 0.5M nitric acid. Also the adsorption of Mo (IV) from a solution containing Al, Ce, Cu, Fe, Ca and Si revealed that maximum adsorption efficiency was achieved in 0.75M nitric acid. Finally the Mo (IV) ion loaded particles were desorbed with NH3 as desorption agent.

Reactive extraction of pimelic (heptanedioic) acid from dilute aqueous solutions using trioctylamine in decan-1-ol

The present study is on the reactive extraction of pimelic acid (heptanedioic acid) from dilute aqueous solutions by trioctylamine (TOA) in decan-1-ol. The equilibrium studies were performed at 298 K and the results were used to calculate the values of distribution coefficient (KD), loading factor (Z) and degree of extraction (E%). The maximum KD was obtained as 62.34 when initial concentrations of pimelic acid and TOA were 0.038 and 0.2 mol·kg−1, respectively. The extraction efficiency was 98.27% under these conditions. Moreover, Z values between 0.184 and 2.934 were obtained in the ranges of parameters studied. The data presents the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 pimelic acid-TOA solvates in the organic phase. A solvatochromic model (LSER) was applied to the equilibrium data and the KD values obtained using the model show a good fit to the experimental outcomes.

Uptake of radioiodide by Paenibacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Burkholderia sp. and Rhodococcus sp. isolated from a boreal nutrient-poor bog

Radionuclides, like radioiodine (129I), may escape deep geological nuclear waste repositories and migrate to the surface ecosystems. In surface ecosystems, microorganisms can affect their movement. Iodide uptake of six bacterial strains belonging to the genera Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and Rhodococcus isolated from an acidic boreal nutrient-poor bog was tested. The tests were run in four different growth media at three temperatures. All bacterial strains removed iodide from the solution with the highest efficiency shown by one of the Paenibacillus strains with >99% of iodide removed from the solution in one of the used growth media. Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus and one of the two Paenibacillus strains showed highest iodide uptake in 1% yeast extract with maximum values for the distribution coefficient (Kd) ranging from 90 to 270L/kg DW. The Burkholderia strain showed highest uptake in 1% Tryptone (maximum Kd 170L/kg DW). The Paenibacillus strain V0-1-LW showed exceptionally high uptake in 0.5% peptone +0.25% yeast extract broth (maximum Kd>1,000,000L/kg DW). Addition of 0.1% glucose to the 0.5% peptone +0.25% yeast extract broth reduced iodide uptake at 4°C and 20°C and enhanced iodide uptake at 37°C compared to the uptake without glucose. This indicates that the uptake of glucose and iodide may be competing processes in these bacteria. We estimated that in in situ conditions of the bog, the bacterial uptake of iodide accounts for approximately 0.1%–0.3% of the total sorption of iodide in the surface, subsurface peat, gyttja and clay layers.

Comparison in the extraction properties of Pu(IV) in piperidinium and pyrrolidinium nitrate anchored anion exchange resins

Abstract Piperidinium nitrate (Pip − NO3) and pyrrolidinium nitrate (Pyr − NO3) functional groups were anchored on a poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) matrix and evaluated the resultant anion exchange resin for the extraction of plutonium from nitric acid medium. The distribution coefficient (K d, mL/g) of Pu(IV) in these resins increased with the concentration of nitric acid, reaching a maximum K d at 7 M nitric acid, followed by decrease. The extraction of Pu(IV) increased with the duration of equilibration followed by the establishment of equilibrium, occurred within four hours of equilibration. The kinetic data were fitted with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order rate equations. The apparent plutonium exchange capacity was determined to be ∼256 mg/g for Pip − NO3 resin and 285 mg/g for Pyr − NO3 resin at 7 M nitric acid. The radiolytic degradation of Pip − NO3 and Pyr − NO3 in presence of nitric acid (7 M) was studied upto a dose of 200 KGy and the results are reported in this paper.

DMT Method Approach for Liquefaction Hazard Vulnerability Mapping in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

DOI:10.17014/ijog.2.1.53-61On May 27 2006, an earthquake (Mw 6.2) occurring in Bantul, Yogyakarta Special Province, triggered liquefaction phenomenon such as sand boiling and lateral spreading. Knowledge of the liquefied soil layers is required to mitigate the hazard. The purpose of this research is to determine the depth and thickness of liquefiable soil layers using the flat blade dilatometer test (DMT) method. The horizontal stress index values (KD) obtained from the DMT were used to calculate the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR), while the PGA (peak ground acceleration) calculated by the software EZ-FRISK 7.52 were employed to determine the cyclic stress ratio (CSR). The DMT-based liquefaction potential analysis shows that the thickness of liquefiable soil layers ranges from 1.8 to 4.0 m. These results show a good agreement with the previous analysis based on CPT (cone penetration test) data. The analysis also indicated that, for the given earthquake magnitude and PGA, the liquefiable soil layers are characterized by a range of maximum KD value from 2.1 to 3.7.