Maximum Growth Potential Research Articles

Tolerance of local gogo rice sprouts under salinity stress conditions

The expansion of rice planting areas in the future needs to be carried out outside Java, as fertile land in Java is shrinking due to land conversion. Most of the land outside Java consists of marginal land, such as areas with high salinity. High salinity levels in the soil cause a decrease in plant germination, growth, and production. The research aimed to examine the tolerance of each cultivar at each level of NaCl concentration, to obtain cultivars that were tolerant to salinity stress, and to determine the NaCl concentration that suppresses the germination of local upland rice. The research was structured using a completely randomized design with a two-factor factorial pattern. The first was the six upland rice cultivars, namely, dongan, jahara, Pulu Konta, pomegranate, kalendeng, and pulu tau leru, while the second factor was the NaCl concentration consisting of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1%. Thus, there were 36 experimental units, which were repeated three times so that there were 108 experimental units. The results of the research showed that there was no interaction with all germination variables; cultivar and concentration had a significant effect on maximum growth potential, germination capacity, germination time, plumule length, radicle length and dry weight of sprouts, while cultivar affected the wet weight of sprouts. Kalendeng has a high salinity tolerance. The use of NaCl concentrations of up to 0.6% has been able to reduce the germination capacity of local upland rice. The conclusion of the research showe that there was no interaction between all germination variables.

Timber and carbon sequestration potential of Chinese forests under different forest management scenarios

Developing forestry action plans with the goal of carbon neutrality is a critical task to identify carbon sink potential and balance the pathways of China's forests. Current research that predicts forest biomass carbon stock and sink potential has shortcomings, such as an incomplete assessment of China's forest carbon sink range, assumptions based on unchanged forest area in the base year and insufficient consideration of natural and human disturbance factors. This study utilised the national forest inventory (NFI) data to construct a model of forest growth and consumption using a machine learning algorithm (i.e. random forest), identified suitable areas for future forest expansion by integrating multi-source data, and set up three future forest management scenarios: business as usual (BAU), enhanced policy scenario (EPS) and maximum potential scenario (MPS). In addition, changes in the area, volume stock and biomass carbon stock in China's forests between 2020 and 2060 were predicted under three forestry activities (i.e. existing forest, afforested/reforested (AR) forest and forest conversion) and three climate scenarios (i.e. SSP126, SSP370 and SSP585) based on the 9th NFI (2014–2018). According to China's relevant planning goals and suitable forest space, the area of AR forests is predicted to be 55.55 × 106 hm2 by 2060, and the forest coverage rate is predicted to increase from 23% in 2018 to 28% by 2060. Biomass carbon sequestration (BCS) between 2020 and 2060 in AR forests is predicted to be 36.00 TgC per year. By 2060, the average BCS is predicted to be approximately 140.00–287.56 TgC per year in China's forests, which is mainly owing to arbor forest management. Under the BAU and EPS scenarios, BCS in China's forests is expected to decline from 2020 to 2060. However, under the MPS, BCS in China's forests is projected to increase and be maintained at 322 TgC per year or above by 2060, with wood production reaching 4.71 × 108 m3 per year. China's forests are predicted to experience an increase in biomass carbon stock in the future and play a role as a carbon sink. By taking measures to achieve the maximum growth potential of all forest types, China's forests will achieve a win‒win situation between carbon sinks and timber production.

UJI BERBAGAI JENIS BAHAN MATRICONDITIONING TERHADAP VIABILITAS DAN VIGOR BENIH PADI (ORYZA SATIVA L.) VARIETAS INPARI 32

The aim of this research was to determine the type of matriconditioning material on the viability and vigor of rice seeds of the Inpari 32 variety. The research was carried out in April – June 2024 at the Agroecotechnology Integrated Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, ULM. The research used a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), namely treatment type matriconditioning consisting of: m0: control (water); m1: Husk charcoal; m2: Rubbing ash; m3: Sawdust; m4: Charcoal husk & Ash (1:1); m5: Husk charcoal & sawdust (1:1); m6: Crushed ash & Sawdust (1 : 1) and m7: Husk charcoal & Crushed ash & Sawdust (1:1:1). The results of the research showed that the treatment had no real effect on the maximum growth potential of the seeds, but had a significant effect on the germination capacity, simultaneous growth and growth speed of the rice seeds of the Inpari 32 variety. The best treatment was sawdust matriconditioning material which was able to increase the viability and vigor of the rice seeds. Inpari 32

Effect concentration and duration of soaking seed with gibberellin on the viabillity of shallot seed

One of the horticultural commodities that has important value in Indonesia is shallots (Allium cepa L). Shallots can be propagated using a vegetative seed (tuber seed) or generative method using (True shallot seed). The use of botanical seeds (TSS) has several obstacles, including low viability and vigor. Providing ZPT can contribute to increasing the growth of shallot botanical seeds (TSS) and increasing the germination percentage. This research aims to obtain the concentration and soaking time of the giberellin on the germination and growth of shallot seedlings. The research was compiled using a completely randomized design (RAK) with two factorials. The treatments were 3 giberellin concentration i.e 0, 100,150, 200 ppm which were immersed for 0; 6; 12; 24 hours, with 3 replication and each replication consisted of 4 sample. Parameters observed include maximum potential growth, seeds germination, plant height, wet weight and dry weight. The result of the research showed that giberellin with a concentration of 150 ppm is the best on parameters and with soaking time 9 ours able to improve maximum potential growth, plant height, wet weight and dry weight.

Effect of soaking solution type on seed viability and seedling growth of Bonita and Loblita cayenne (Capsicum frutescens l.)

The problem with the inhibition of the germination process of cayenne seeds is the presence of capsaicin substances contained in cayenne seeds that can inhibit the germination process. This research aims to get varieties that have better quality between Bonita and Loblita based on the interaction that occurs between varieties and types of cayenne seed soaking solutions. This study used a factorial Randomized Group Design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was cayenne pepper varieties (Bonita and Loblita) while the second factor was the type of soaking solution (PGPR, IAA, KNO3, hot water, and control). The results showed a very significant interaction between cayenne varieties and seed soaking solution. Bonita variety has a superior quality based on the variables of germination, speed of growth and uniformity of growth while the Loblita variety is superior in the variables of maximum growth potential and maximum growth potential. The second factor is the type of KNO3 soaking solution for all seed viability variables, while for seedling growth, hot water treatment is superior.

IMPROVEMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND SEED GROWTH OF EXPIRED CAYENNE PEPPER (Capsicum frutescens) THROUGH INVIGORATION TECHNIQUE USING YOUNG CORN EXTRACT

One of the problems in companies engaged in the seed. Production is the large number of seeds that can not be sold immediately or accumulate in storage warehouses resulting in expired seeds. Seeds in this condition will experience deterioration and decrease in quality so special treatment is needed to improve their physiological quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in the physiological quality and growth of expired cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) seeds through invigoration techniques using young corn extract (Zea mays). The research was conducted in the laboratory and Green House of Seed Production Techniques, Polytechnic of Jember, using the Non-Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with the concentration of young corn extract (K) as the treatment factor. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by DMRT level of 5%. The K factor consists of 5 levels, namely K02 (without soaking in young corn extract), K1 (20% of young corn extract), K2 (25% of young corn extract), K3 (30% of young corn extract), and K4 (35% of young corn extract ). The results showed that the use of young corn extract for expired cayenne pepper seeds invigoration had a significantly different effect on the parameters of growth synchrony and vigor index, and had a very significant effect on the parameters of germination power, maximum growth potential, and growth speed. These results indicate that young corn extract is capable of acting as a bio-invigorator in improving the physiological quality of expired seeds.

The use of oil palm biomass as fertilizer and its potency in agroforestry systems for peatland rehabilitation

Oil palm biomass is one of the most abundant wastes in Indonesia. The biomass can be used as fertilizer for increasing plant growth, such as paddy Inpara-2 variety and peatland rehabilitation. The study on the application of oil palm biomass as fertilizer on paddy Inpara-2 growth and its potency in agroforestry systems for accelerating peatland rehabilitation is limited. This study aimed to analyze the application of oil palm-based fertilizers on paddy Inpara-2 and investigate the scientific literature on the use of oil palm biomass as fertilizer in agroforestry systems for peatland rehabilitation. The method used was a completely randomized design with a factor (oil palm-based fertilizer) and scientific literature from the search engine database. Application of micro-lignocellulose 1% resulted in the best paddy germination percentage (100%), abnormal sprout percentage (0%), maximum growth potential (100%), mean germination time (1.95 days), seedling survival rate (100%), and seedling height (13.67 cm). We found 993 articles on oil palm biomass as fertilizer in supporting peatland rehabilitation and only three articles (0.003%) used the agroforestry system as the selected approach. Application of oil palm biomass as fertilizers can accelerate paddy Inpara-2 variety growth, and agroforestry system application could accelerate peatland rehabilitation.

Effect of Rapid Desiccation with Ethanol Immersion on Viability and Vigor of Some Rice Seeds (Oryza sativa L.)

The availability of quality seeds is important in crop cultivation, so quality seeds must be available when farmers need them. Quality seeds must be able to be stored for a long time. Rapid aging through soaking with 95% ethanol within 5 minutes, can predict the shelf life of seeds. Rice seeds that were treated with rapid soaking were Inpari 45 (V1), Sunggal (V2), Memberamo (V3) and Ciherang (V4) varieties. From the results of the analysis of variance, the observation parameters of Germination Power (DB), Maximum Growth Potential (PTM) and Keserempakan Tumbuh (KST) were significantly different (1%). Of the four varieties, after the seeds were soaked in 95% ethanol for 5 minutes DB, PTM and KST decreased very drastically. The order of varieties based on their seed viability and vigor levels, from high to low, are Inpari 45 (V1), Memberamo (V3) Sunggal (V2) and Ciherang (V4). Inpari 45 (V1) has the highest germination rate (DB) of 39%, while Ciherang (V4) has the lowest germination rate (DB) of 15.67%. These results suggest that the Inpari 45 (V1) variety can be stored longer than the other three varieties. Viability and vigor of seeds are not only controlled by environmental factors but also influenced by genetic factors
 
 napid desiccatio, rice varieties, seed viability and vigor

The effect of different harvest times on the quality of red chili seeds for sustainable agriculture

Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most attractive agricultural commodities. To minimize risks in cultivating red chilies, high quality seeds must be used. These seeds are obtained from chili fruit from previous plantings. Chili fruit is harvested several times. This research aims to determine the effect of different harvest times on the quality of red chili seeds for sustainable agriculture. The research was carried out at the Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. This research used a Non-Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven harvest time treatments, namely harvest in the first week, harvest in the second week, harvest in the third week, harvest in the fourth week, harvest in the fifth week, harvest in the sixth week, and harvest in the seventh week. The parameters observed were the weight of 100 seeds, maximum growth potential, germination test, germination rate and vigor index. The research results show that harvest time has a significant effect on all parameters. Seed harvested in the third and fourth week are the best quality because they have the weight of 100 seeds, maximum growth potential and the highest vigor index and fastest germination rate.

The effect of seed treatment using plant growth promoter rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the germination process of chili (Capsicum annum L.)

Chili is one of the leading horticultural commodities that has high economic value and still requires serious handling, especially in increase production both in quality and quantity.The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala Darussalam University, Banda Aceh. The research was conducted from April 2023 to June 2023.The design used in this study was a 7 x 2 Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications, so there were 14 treatment combinations and 42 experimental units, each treatment consisting of 3 plants so that 126 plants were obtained. The results showed that the effect of rhizobacterial treatment on the germination process had a significantly increased effect on maximum growth potential, germination, vigor index and growth simultaneity compared to no treatment (control). Almost all rhizobacteria can increase the rate of seed germination. At the variable maximum growth potential, germination capacity, vigor index and growth simultaneity, there are two isolates that have the potential to be candidates for plant growth promoting rhizobacteria agents (PGPR) and these isolates, namely AD 7/1 and LABA F1 varieties significantly provide an increase in seed vigor and viability.

Impacts of iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 mutations on the seed quality of tomatoes

ABSTRACT Heat stress has become a serious problem in tomato production. The parthenocarpic tomato mutants, iaa9–3 and iaa9–5, have been isolated from a mutant population of the Micro-Tom cultivar. According to our previous study, those two mutants are adaptable and capable of producing fruits under heat-stress conditions. On the other hand, from the perspective of commercialisation, seed quality is another important trait. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the iaa9–3 and iaa9–5 mutations on the seed quality by comparing them to its wild type (WT-MT). Several parameters related to seed quality such as seed number, seed viability, vigour index, emergence speed index, and maximum growth potential were analysed. The results showed that iaa9–3 mutation negatively affected seed quality, including reduced seed number, seed viability, vigour index, emergence speed index, and maximum growth potential. Interestingly, iaa9–5 mutation could reduce seed quality while the reduction was not significantly different compared to the WT-MT, suggesting that iaa9–5 was suitable for producing high-quality seeds compared to iaa9–3.

Invigorasi Larutan Bawang Merah Terhadap Viabilitas dan Vigor Tiga Benih Padi Varietas Lokal

Rice production in South Kalimantan during January to September 2020 decreased compared to 2019. The use of rice seeds per hectare is generally still not in accordance with the recommendations. The local varieties of rice seeds that cultivated are from last year's cropping season, where storage was not good which could lead to a decrease in seed quality. Shallots contain hormones auxin and gibberellins, can be used as a natural growth regulator. This study used a solution of shallots on three local varieties of rice seeds. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the use of natural growth regulators in shallot solution as an alternative to increase seed viability to become a provider of quality seeds. This research carried out from October to November 2021 at the Production Laboratory of the Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University. The implementation of the research is making shallot stock solution, seed preparation, seed soaking, seed germination, and maintenance. The method used was qualitative using single factor Completely Randomized Design with three levels of treatment and each treatment consisted of five replications. The results showed that treatment using onion solution invigoration had a significant effects on the parameters of growth uniformity and maximum growth potential of expired local rice seeds of Siam Banjar variety. The highest growth speed and seed germination were found in Siam Saba variety. The highest growth uniformity was found in Siam Unus variety. The highest maximum growth potential is found in Siam Mutiara variety.

Early diagnosis and treatment strategies for pediatric growth hormone deficiency

Over the last century, adult height has shown a marked increase, largely attributed to advancements in nutrition and healthcare. Monitoring child growth is crucial for the early identification of growth-related disorders. One such condition is the underperformance of the pituitary gland, which can lead to a deficiency in growth hormone, manifesting as short stature. Therapeutic interventions, such as growth hormone therapy and low-dose androgen therapy, have proven effective. These treatments utilize synthetic hormones to foster normal growth. Prompt and accurate diagnosis, coupled with precise treatment, is critical to empower individuals to reach their maximum growth potential and alleviate associated health concerns. Future research should aim to deepen our understanding of the interplay between pituitary cells, uncover additional genetic factors contributing to short stature, and enhance growth hormone replacement therapies. Such progress will significantly bolster the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for children with growth impairments.

Ecological relevance of flagellar motility in soil bacterial communities.

Flagellar motility is a key bacterial trait as it allows bacteria to navigate their immediate surroundings. Not all bacteria are capable of flagellar motility, and the distribution of this trait, its ecological associations, and the life history strategies of flagellated taxa remain poorly characterized. We developed and validated a genome-based approach to infer the potential for flagellar motility across 12 bacterial phyla (26 192 unique genomes). The capacity for flagellar motility was associated with a higher prevalence of genes for carbohydrate metabolism and higher maximum potential growth rates, suggesting that flagellar motility is more prevalent in environments with higher carbon availability. To test this hypothesis, we applied a method to infer the prevalence of flagellar motility in whole bacterial communities from metagenomic data and quantified the prevalence of flagellar motility across four independent field studies that each captured putative gradients in soil carbon availability (148 metagenomes). We observed a positive relationship between the prevalence of bacterial flagellar motility and soil carbon availability in all datasets. Since soil carbon availability is often correlated with other factors that could influence the prevalence of flagellar motility, we validated these observations using metagenomic data from a soil incubation experiment where carbon availability was directly manipulated with glucose amendments. This confirmed that the prevalence of bacterial flagellar motility is consistently associated with soil carbon availability over other potential confounding factors. This work highlights the value of combining predictive genomic and metagenomic approaches to expand our understanding of microbial phenotypic traits and reveal their general environmental associations.

Taxonomic and genomic attributes of oligotrophic soil bacteria.

Not all bacteria are fast growers. In soil as in other environments, bacteria exist along a continuum-from copiotrophs that can grow rapidly under resource-rich conditions to oligotrophs that are adapted to life in the "slow lane." However, the field of microbiology is built almost exclusively on the study of copiotrophs due, in part, to the ease of studying them in vitro. To begin understanding the attributes of soil oligotrophs, we analyzed three independent datasets that represent contrasts in organic carbon availability. These datasets included 185 samples collected from soil profiles across the USA, 950 paired bulk soil and rhizosphere samples collected across Europe, and soils from a microcosm experiment where carbon availability was manipulated directly. Using a combination of marker gene sequencing and targeted genomic analyses, we identified specific oligotrophic taxa that were consistently more abundant in carbon-limited environments (subsurface, bulk, unamended soils) compared to the corresponding carbon-rich environment (surface, rhizosphere, glucose-amended soils), including members of the Dormibacterota and Chloroflexi phyla. In general, putative soil oligotrophs had smaller genomes, slower maximum potential growth rates, and were under-represented in culture collections. The genomes of oligotrophs were more likely to be enriched in pathways that allow oligotrophs to metabolize a range of energy sources and store carbon, while genes associated with energy-intensive functions like chemotaxis and motility were under-represented. However, few genomic attributes were shared, highlighting that oligotrophs likely use a range of different metabolic strategies and regulatory pathways to thrive in resource-limited soils.

IMPROVEMENT OF SEED VIABILITY AND VIGOR OF SEVERAL RICE VARIETIES WITH VARIOUS PRIMING METHODS

Rice serves as Indonesia's main food source, but inadequate storage conditions can lead to seed deterioration and diminished germination performance. To enhance the viability and vigor of stored seeds, this study explores various priming methods' effects on multiple rice varieties. Employing a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, the first factor involves rice varieties (V) categorized by germination ranges: 41–50% (V1 = Toyonishiki, V2 = Yoneshiro), 51–60% (V3 = Jaya, V4 = IR50), 61–70% (V5 = Fortuna, V6 = Sulutan), and 71–80% (V7 = IR 24, V8 = Inpago 5). The second factor is seed priming (P), including control, hydropriming, and osmopriming. Results indicate that priming enhances maximum growth potential, germination percentage, vigor index, growth speed, plumule and radicle length, as well as fresh and dry weight. Hydropriming outperforms osmopriming, particularly in vigor index, growth speed, plumule and radicle length, and dry weight. Priming proves more effective in improving maximum growth potential, germination percentage, vigor index, and growth speed at lower germination percentage ranges (41–60%). The most significant priming-induced increases in radicle length, fresh weight, and dry weight occur in higher germination percentage ranges (61–80%)

Testing of rapid vigor method for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) by using radicle emergence

Sorghum has a higher protein nutrient content (11%) than rice (6.8%) per 100 grams of ingredients. However the development and yield of sorghum is still low. One of the causes of low sorghum production yields is because seed deteriorate rapidly. The deterioration of sorghum seeds during storage signals a low seed vigor. So it is necessary to improve seed vigor tests efficiency in order to shorten test time. The objective of this research are determining observation time of Radicle emergence test and determining correlation between Radicle emergence test results with vigor test and seed viability. The results showed that radicula observations using Radicle emergence method can be carried out after the seeds are germinated for 96 hours at 25 + 2 0C temperature. The second result show there is positive correlation between Radicle emergence value to the vigor test and viability seed such as Vigor Index, Speed of Germination, Germination Seed, Maximum Growth Potential. It means the higher value of Vigor Index, Speed of Germination, Germination Seed, Maximum Growth Potential, the higher Radicle emergence value. The correlation between Radicle emergence and Mean Germination Time and Sprout Growth Rate changes shows a negative correlation.

Testing of sprouting, genetic diversity and heritability of some local gogo rice cultivers

Seeds are the beginning of plant life; for this reason, using quality seeds and having superior genetic traits are needed to support the growth and development of plants to be better and provide maximum production. This study aims to obtain local upland rice cultivars with quality seeds and quality with the best germination and traits with superior genetics. This study was carried out at tadulako university’s faculty of agriculture’s seed science and technology laboratory. The research was conducted from November 2018 to December 2019 utilizing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), using seven cultivars—pulu tau leru, pulu konta, delima, buncaili, jahara, uva buya, and pae bohe—as treatments. Each treatment was repeated four times. The parameters observed were maximum growth potential, germination capacity, germination time, and dry weight of sprouts. The results showed that the uva buya cultivar had the best germination because it produced the maximum growth potential (100.00%) and the best germination (99.50%), and the faster germination time (2.03 days). The dry weight of sprouts is a trait that has good genetic character because it has a high heritability value (91.28%).

In vitro inhibition mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum isolates from corn against Rhizoctonia solani causing banded leaf and sheath blight disease and its role in improving the growth of corn seedlings

BackgroundOne of the primary corn diseases, banded leaf and sheath blight, is carried on by the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Efforts to control R. solani are more directed at environmentally friendly control using a biological control agent, such as Trichoderma spp. as antagonistic agents and plant growth promoter. This study aimed to identify T. asperellum isolates based on molecular characteristics and to determine the in vitro inhibition mechanism against R. solani and its role in enhancing the growth of corn seedlings.ResultsThe HMRP7, HMRF7A, HMEDF1B, HMEDF6A, and CHM01 isolates were identified as T. asperellum with a genetic distance coefficient value of 0.000 and a very high similarity of 100%. Meanwhile, the RsHM isolate was identified as R. solani with a homology level of > 90% and genetic distance coefficient values ranging from 0.000 to 0.032. The antagonistic ability showed that the five T. asperellum isolates were able to inhibit the growth of R. solani in vitro on PDA medium with an inhibition percentage of ≥ 50%, so they were categorized as antagonist agents. T. asperellum showed the antagonistic mechanism in inhibiting the R. solani growth through the action of parasitism. The five T. asperellum isolates tested on corn seedlings showed a significantly high difference from the control treatment on the observational variables of maximum growth potential (MGP), growth rate (GtR), growth simultaneity (GS), vigor index (VI), germination rate (GR), and median germination time (T50).ConclusionCHM01 isolate showed better potential than other isolates in inhibiting the growth of R. solani in vitro on PDA medium with a parasitism mechanism and enhancing the growth of corn seedlings.

Seed biopriming using saline soil rhizobacteria from the coast of Kolaka Regency for enhancing seed viability and vigor of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.)

The research was conducted to identify indigenous rhizobacteria that can be useful as growth promoters and adapted to saline soils. The isolate was isolated from saline soil rhizosphere on the coast in Kolaka district. The research was conducted in the Lab of Agronomy, on Agricultural Faculty in Halu Oleo University. The research carry out from April to September 2022. The study arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) using of 15 test isolates. The test was carried out using a seed biopriming technique, then the seeds were germinated using a standard germination procedure. The results showed that all tested rhizobacterial isolates increase the viability and vigor of tomato seeds. There was an increase in maximum growth potential, seed germination, vigor index, and relative growth rate of seeds in the range of 85% to 89% when compared to control. There were 3 isolates of rhizobacteria which were more capable of reducing T50 and increasing seed germination of tomato seeds, namely KL6, KL10 and KL14 isolates. Further research is still needed to test the effectiveness of this isolate to increase tomato growth and yield under conditions of salinity stress in the field.