In this paper, drilling tools were subjected to different post-treatment polishing processes using aluminum, silicon, and diamond-based abrasives, and the effects resulting from these processes on the roughness of the rake and margin were correlated with thrust force, maximum flank, crater wear, and tool life. The results showed that the polishing methods resulted in quite different surface profiles in the rake and margin of the tools, which had a significant impact on the machinability parameters evaluated. The results also indicate that, in general, the morphological parameters such as skewness and kurtosis presented a better correlation with the output variables than the amplitude parameters, as found with Sa and Sq.