Maximum Explosion Overpressure Research Articles

Experimental study on the methane explosion suppression by ultra-fine water mist containing bacteria under degradation for five times.

In a semi-closed visualization pipeline, this experiment studied the inhibitory effect of ultra-fine pure water mist, ultra-fine water mist containing inorganic salt and ultra-fine water mist containing bacteria-inorganic salt on 9.8% methane explosion under five different quality of spray volume. Combined with the methane explosion suppression experiment, the ability of methane-oxidizing bacteria to degrade 9.8% of methane was studied in a simulated pipeline. Experiments showed that the addition of inorganic salt and the degradation of methane-oxidizing bacteria could improve the suppression explosion effect of ultra-fine water mist, and the suppression explosion effect was related to the volume of water mist. Under the same ultra-fine water mist condition, with the increase of the volume of water mist, the explosion suppression effect was improved. Compared with pure methane, pure water ultra-fine water mist, and inorganic salt ultra-fine water mist, the maximum explosion overpressure and flame propagation speed under the condition of bacteria-inorganic salt ultra-fine water mist were significantly reduced. Compared with the explosion of pure methane, due to the degradation of methane by methane-oxidizing bacteria, when the degradation time was 10 h, and the volume of ultra-fine water mist containing bacteria-inorganic salt was 12.5 mL, the maximum explosion overpressure dropped significantly from 0.663 to 0.343 MPa, a decrease of 48.27%. The appearance time of the maximum explosion overpressure was delayed from 208.8 to 222.6 ms. The peak flame velocity was 4 m s-1, which was 83.3% lower than that of 9.8% pure methane explosion. This study will contribute to the development of efficient ultrafine water mist synergistic inhibitors for the prevention of methane explosion disasters.

Combined effects of ignition position and hydrogen ratio on vented CH4/H2/air explosions

Experiments on the effects of ignition position and hydrogen ratio (χ) on the explosions of CH4/H2/air mixtures were experimentally investigated in a vented cylindrical vessel. Relevant experiments were conducted utilizing ignition sources situated at the rear (rear ignition), the center of the vessel (central ignition), or near the vent (front ignition) with χ varying from 0 to 1.0. Two types of cellular structures on the flame surface, owing to the diffusional-thermal instability and acoustically enhanced combustion, respectively, were observed, and the latter resulted in acoustic oscillations of the overpressure within the vessel and a unique overpressure peak p2 with amplitude sensitive to both ignition position and χ. The effects of ignition position and χ on the build-up of the internal pressure were not significant when χ ≤ 0.15. The maximum explosion overpressure in the vessel (pmax) under the explosions of rear and central ignitions (RI and CI) increased monotonically as χ was increased from 0.3 to 1.0, but a nonmonotonic trend was found in the explosions of front ignition (FI). CI could be regarded as the worst-case scenario when 0.45≤χ ≤ 1.0 except for χ = 0.7, because FI resulted in the highest pmax at χ = 0.7. A pressure peak outside the vent (pext) caused by the combustion expansion of the combustible cloud could be distinguished when χ ≥ 0.45 in the explosions of RI and CI. The amplitude of pext increased with an increase in χ. Rear ignition always led to the highest pext when χ > 0.6.

Simulation of Dispersion and Explosion Characteristics of LiFePO4 Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Gases.

In recent years, as the installed scale of battery energy storage systems (BESS) continues to expand, energy storage system safety incidents have been a fast-growing trend, sparking widespread concern from all walks of life. During the thermal runaway (TR) process of lithium-ion batteries, a large amount of combustible gas is released. In this paper, the 105 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery TR test was conducted, and the flammable gas components released from the battery TR were detected. The simulation tests of the diffusion and explosion characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery's (LFP) TR gases with different numbers and positions in the BESS were carried out using FLACS simulation software. It was found that the more batteries TR simultaneously, the shorter the time for the combustible gas concentration in the energy storage cabin to reach the explosion limit. When 48 batteries were in TR simultaneously in the energy storage cabin, the shortest time was 9.8 s, and the further the location of the fire is from the hatch, the largest explosion overpressure is generated to the hatch, up to 583 kPa. When the gas generated by the TR of 48 batteries explodes, the maximum explosion overpressure at 5 m outside the energy storage cabin hatch is more significant than 40 kPa, which will cause serious injury to humans. The causes of TR of batteries in prefabricated chambers are complex, and the location and amount of thermal runaway of batteries as well as the diffusion of combustible fumes can have different effects on the external environment. The research results can provide support for the safety design of BESS.

Shear-stiffening porous material with impact-hardening functionality: Application in hydrogen explosion safety protection

In this study, a shear-stiffening composite porous material (PU@CS) was developed using the dipping-drying technique, with polyurethane (PU) as the substrate. PU@CS not only overcomes the cold flow drawbacks of shear-stiffening gel (SSG) but also significantly enhances the mechanical properties of PU (with a one-order-of-magnitude increase in maximum storage modulus). The introduction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) overcomes the electrostatic aggregation drawback of PU. Due to its outstanding shear hardening effect, PU@CS exhibits superior explosion-proof compared to PU, and when filled to a length of 50 cm, it achieves complete quenching of hydrogen gas explosion flames, with a maximum explosion overpressure attenuation ratio of 87.2%. This work provides data support for the application of SSG in the field of explosion protection.

Study on the propagation characteristics of gas explosions disturbed by crushed rock in tunnels through gas-containing stratum

Gas explosions pose a serious risk to tunnel construction when through a gas-containing stratum. The crushed rock accumulated in tunnel could have a significant impact on explosion. To understand the mechanism of crushed rock influence on gas explosion, methane/air explosion experiments under the crushed rock with different blockage ratios and void ratios were carried out using an independently designed experimental system. The results show that the crushed rock can significantly affect the explosion intensity, and the various blockage ratios show a higher degree of influence than the void ratio. The crushed rock has the combined effect of accelerating and quenching on the flame, and there has an optimum blockage that dramatically accelerates the flame propagation. The needle-shaped, divergent and reversed flames appeared with high blockage ratio and void ratio conditions. The velocity ratio (ratio of the flame front velocities upstream and downstream of the crushed rock) has an exponential function relationship with the blockage ratio. Under certain void ratio conditions, the maximum explosion overpressure shows a parabolic trend with increasing blockage ratio. This study is helpful to guide the understanding of the explosion characteristics under practical tunnel conditions and the change law of flame structure with crushed rock obstruction.

Effect of vent area on vented ammonia-hydrogen-air deflagrations in a 1-m-long duct

Although ammonia-hydrogen blended fuel has become a research hotspot, it is essential to recognize that adding hydrogen to ammonia increases the potential explosion hazard before considering the development of ammonia-hydrogen fuel. In this study, the effect of vent area on vented deflagrations of ammonia-hydrogen-air mixtures is investigated in a 1-m-long horizontal rectangular duct with a right end opening at an initial temperature of 293 K and an initial pressure of 101 kPa. A dimensionless vent coefficient Kv is used to define the vent area in this work to clarify the evolution of flame structures and overpressure inside and outside the duct. For a specific Kv, the amplitude of the maximum internal explosion overpressure (Pmax) monitored at the left end of the duct (LE) has a greater difference compared with other pressure monitoring points. The maximum amplitude of Pmax is always reached at the LE for Kv ≤ 3.2, while the difference in the maximum amplitude of Pmax between different monitoring points decreased significantly for Kv > 3.2. With the increasing of Kv from 2.2 to 20.1, Pmax obtained at the right end of the duct (RE) and the center of the duct increases monotonously, but Pmax monitored at the LE shows a non-monotonic increasing trend. A spike structure of penetrating flame bubbles resulting from negative pressure balance is only observed inside the duct for Kv ≤ 5.6. Two types of oscillations (Helmholtz and Acoustic oscillations) can be distinguished in some tests, and only acoustic oscillations of overpressure can be clearly found in tests with Kv > 7.8. With the increasing of Kv from 2.2 to 20.1, the shape of the external fireball will change significantly. As Kv increases from 2.2 to 5.6, the external fireball shapes are always mushroom-shaped. However, the shapes of the fireball become elongated for Kv > 7.8, and even the external fireball presents a jet shape for Kv = 20.1. With the increasing of Kv from 2.2 to 20.1, The maximum external overpressure increases first, thereafter decreases, and finally increases.

Study on vortex dynamics of hydrogen/methane flame under rigid-flexible construction coupling effects

This study investigated the evolution characteristics of flame vortex and explosion overpressure with different hydrogen ratio under rigid and flexible constructions. The results indicated that the coupling effect generated in the case of rigid and flexible constructions can suppressed the propagation of flame, increased vortex size, spiral motion, and collision fusion efficiency. The time of flame velocity peak will be advanced with the increased of hydrogen ratio. When the hydrogen ratio is 10%, 20%, 30%, it increased by −4.67%, 18.07% and 30.75%, respectively, compared to when the hydrogen ratio is 0%.Under the same fuel concentration, the oscillation attenuation duration of overpressure peak gradually decreased under the two types of construction arrangements. Under the same construction layout, an increase in hydrogen concentration leads to an increase in maximum explosion overpressure and an earlier occurrence time. The maximum explosion overpressure peak attenuation ratio in the case of rigid and flexible constructions upstream is 13.02%. The coupling effect of rigid and flexible structures increases the heat consumption during combustion to achieve the purpose of explosion suppression.

Inhibition and enhancement of hydrogen explosion by perfluorohexanone

To explore the inhibition and enhancement of hydrogen explosion by perfluorohexanone (CF3CF2COCF(CF3)2), the experiments are conducted by changing the equivalence ratio, inhibitor content, initial pressure and initial temperature, and the maximum explosion overpressure (MEO), maximum rate of pressure rise (MRPR) and critical content of explosion inhibition are obtained. The adiabatic flame temperature, sensitivity coefficient and mole fraction of active radicals are calculated using CHEMKIN. The results show that on the lean side, the sub-inhibitory perfluorohexanone generates CO to be involved in the combustion, and the formation of HF releases lots of heat, which causes the combustion enhancement. On the stoichiometric and rich sides, H is captured by other fluorides, exhibiting the inhibitory effect. Increasing the initial pressure (initial temperature) causes an increase (decrease) in the MEO and the MRPR. As the equivalence ratio increases, initial pressure reduces and initial temperature increases, the critical content of explosion inhibition is effectively reduced.

Effect of dimensionless vent ratio on the flame-shock wave evolution dynamics of blended LPG/DME gas explosion venting

To reveal the flow field-shock wave-flame coupling evolution law of LPG/DME blended gas explosion venting under different dimensionless vent ratio(KV), the numerical model for multi-blended gas explosion venting was established and research of blended gas explosion venting at KV = 0.02–0.21 was carried out based on experimental verification. The results show that, after the vent opens, the turbulence intensity increases, the velocity gradient of the flow field increases, the maximum explosion wind velocity(Vmax) of the outfield varies linearly with KV, and the flame of “mushroom shape” is elongated, and “break flame” occurs under the action of the relative motion of “primary and secondary vortex group”. When KV＞0.02, the flame propagation velocity increases locally because of the thermal-mass diffusion instability, and with increasing KV, the average flame propagation velocity decreases from 258.29 m/s to 226.58 m/s. In the process of explosion venting, a typical shock wave fluctuating pressure waveform curve is formed in the outfield. Under the combined action of the infield pressure venting effect and the outfield turbulence intensity, the maximum explosion overpressure in the outfield (Pmax) reaches maximum 423.97 kPa at KV = 0.07. Meanwhile, the larger the KV, the greater the shock wave velocity due to the lead role of the infield explosion venting shock wave and outfield flame compression shock wave on the shock wave propagation velocity.

Numerical Simulation on Methane Coal Dust Composite Explosion in Restricted Space by Ultrafine Water Mist Suppression

The purpose of this experimental investigation was to examine the effects of ultrafine water mist on explosions caused by methane and coal dust hybrids that occurred inside of a closed vessel. In this study, we built a small-scale semi-closed visualization experimental platform and ran simulations to study the effects of four factors on the explosion of methane coal mixtures: the amount of ultra-fine water mist sprayed, the volume fraction of methane, the position of the methane inlet, and the amount of time it took to premix. This allowed us to gain a deeper understanding of the repressive effect of this water mist on methane explosion. The findings demonstrate that ultrafine water mist is capable of suppressing methane explosions, with a notable inhibitory effect on 10% methane. This inhibitory effect becomes stronger with increasing amounts of sprayed ultrafine water mist. The effect of methane volume fraction on the maximum explosion overpressure Δ

Explosion mechanism of nano-sized dust cloud in interconnected vessels

The effect of pipe diameter and volume ratio on overpressure characteristics and flame propagation behavior of nano-sized PMMA dust in interconnected vessels is investigated in this study. To reveal the explosion mechanism of nano-sized dust clouds in interconnected vessels, a model to predict the pre-compression level of turbulence and choking flow is established. The results show that the dust explosions in interconnected vessels go through three stages: the forward flow of the medium, the violent combustion of the pre-compressed dust cloud, and pressure oscillations. Due to changes in the geometry of the pipe inlet, the flame front is stretched and accelerated propagates. The loss of kinetic energy and the suspended acceleration of the flame front depend heavily on the diameter of the pipe. The increase in volume ratio significantly enhances the explosion intensity in the second vessel. Particularly, for a pipe diameter of 40 mm, the maximum explosion overpressure with a volume ratio of 6 is 2.6 times that of a 1/6 volume ratio, and the maximum pressure rise rate is 10.14 times higher. The prediction model accurately predicts the pre-compression in the second vessel, which supports the safety design of interconnected vessels in industrial processes.

Flame evolution and pressure dynamics of methane-hydrogen-air explosion in a horizontal rectangular duct

This work is aimed at exploring flame evolution and pressure dynamics of methane-hydrogen-air explosion experimentally and numerically by changing equivalence ratio and hydrogen content. For the flame evolution, the smooth distortion vanishes at equivalence ratio of Ф = 1.4, the prominent cellular structure and distorted tulip flame start to form with increasing hydrogen content. For the pressure dynamics, as the equivalence ratio increases, both maximum explosion overpressure and maximum pressure rise rate increase and then decrease, and both of them continue to increase with increasing hydrogen content. H + O2 = O + OH is the main elementary reaction with positive effect on the laminar burning velocity. The main elementary reactions with negative effects are H + O2(+M) = HO2(+M) and CH3 + H(+M) = CH4(+M). H radical always dominates on the rich side or the lean, stoichiometric side with high hydrogen content. As the hydrogen content increases, the main oxidation pathways of CH4 undergoes the transfer from CH4 → CH2(S) → CH2 → CO to CH4 → CH2(S) → CH2 → CH → CO → CO2. The research results are helpful to improve combustion efficiency of internal combustion engine and ensure process safety of hydrogen doped natural gas pipeline transportation.

Study on premixed hydrogen-ammonia-air flame evolution in a horizontal rectangular duct

The hydrogen-ammonia mixture exhibits significant potential as a carbon-free fuel for internal combustion engines. To gain a deeper understanding of the combustion characteristics of hydrogen-ammonia-air flames in internal combustion, the flame evolution and pressure dynamics are systematically investigated in a closed duct by varying ammonia mixing ratio and equivalence ratio. Concerning flame dynamics, the distorted tulip flame disappears and the inclined flame is formed as the ammonia mixing ratio increases. Additionally, the depression and protrusion structure distributed on flame front is diminished. For pressure dynamics, as the equivalence ratio increases, both the maximum explosion overpressure and maximum pressure rise rate initially increase and then decrease. As the ammonia mixing ratio increases, both of them continue to decrease, and the equivalence ratio corresponding to the peak value transfers from Ф = 1.2 to Ф = 1.0. In terms of detailed chemistry analysis, the H and OH radical dominate when the ammonia mixing ratio is lower than Ω = 40%. NH2 and OH radical dominate at ammonia mixing ratio higher than Ω = 80% on the lean and stoichiometric side, but NH2 and H radical dominate at ammonia mixing ratio higher than Ω = 40% on the rich side.

Experimental study on suppression of methane-air explosion with different surface dispersants combined with modified attapulgite powder

This paper investigated the Inhibitory effect of attapulgite powder, modified attapulgite powder, and modified attapulgite powder after compounding by adding different types and different quality of surface dispersants to the explosion of methane-air premixed gas. A self-made semi-closed transparent pipe is the leading experimental platform in the research process. The maximum explosion overpressure, average pressure increase rate, and explosion power index under different working conditions are calculated by analyzing the pipeline's flame shape, pressure, and flame spread speed. Comparing methane explosion and adding attapulgite powder and modified attapulgite powder as explosion suppression materials, experiments were carried out, and the experimental results were compared and analyzed, which proved the inhibitory effect of modified attapulgite powder on methane explosion. Adding different qualities of sodium polyacrylate, ammonium hexametaphosphate, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as surface dispersants to the modified attapulgite powder. The effect of adding different dispersants on the ability of modified attapulgite powder to suppress the explosion of methane premixed gas was explored. Compared with the experiments of methane explosion, attapulgite powder, and modified attapulgite powder to suppress explosion, it is proved that after adding the above three surface dispersants, the modified attapulgite powder has better inhibition on methane explosion. The effect and the influence law and the corresponding inhibition mechanism are analyzed. The experimental results show that the modified attapulgite powder added with 120 mg of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate has the best suppression effect on the explosion of 9.5% pure methane-air premixed gas.

Effects of H2 addition on the instability characteristics of CO/air and CH4/air in a horizontal narrow channel

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the instability characteristics of CO/H2/air and CH4/H2/air mixtures in a narrow channel under standard temperature and pressure conditions. The CO/H2 mixture exhibits a greater overpressure growth rate and maximum explosion overpressure as compared to the CH4/H2 mixture at the same hydrogen content. As the hydrogen content increases, the maximum explosion overpressure (P max) value increases, while the corresponding time (θ) value gradually decreases. The maximum explosion overpressure of CH4/H2 and CO/H2 mixtures is 28.27 kPa and 25.09 kPa, respectively. The flame wrinkles to form cells due to the Darius-Landau instability, and the interaction between the vortex tube and premixed flame affects the structure of turbulent premixed combustion. The oscillation frequency of the overpressure increases with increasing hydrogen content, and the oscillation belongs to the Helmholtz oscillation. The CO/H2 mixtures exhibit greater flame thickness than CH4/H2 mixtures, resulting in lower Peclet numbers and therefore greater relative importance of heat losses. As the hydrogen content increases, the sensitivity coefficient of R99 (OH + CO <=> H + CO2) in the CO/H2 mixture gradually decreases, while the sensitivity coefficients of R38 (H + O2 <=> O + OH) and R84 (OH + H2 <=> H + H2O) increase. The elementary reaction R38 plays a leading role in increasing the laminar burning velocity of the CH4/H2 mixture. The trend of R38 variation in the two mixtures is opposite with increasing hydrogen content.

Effects of vent layout and vent area on dynamic characteristics of premixed methane-air explosion in a tube with two side-vented ducts

To further elucidate the influence mechanism of side vents on the dynamic characteristics of gas explosions in tubes is helpful to design more reasonable vent layouts. In this paper, 9.5% methane-air explosion experiments were conducted in a tube with two side-vented ducts, and the effects of vent layouts and vent areas on the dynamic characteristics of explosion overpressure and flame propagation speed were investigated. The results demonstrate that under the same condition with a single vent area of 100 mm × 100 mm, when only the end vent is open, the maximum explosion overpressure and the maximum flame propagation speed are the highest among the five vent layouts. When the side vents 1 and 2 and the end vent are open, the maximum explosion overpressure is the lowest, and an unusual discovery is that the flame front changes into a hemispherical shape, finger shape, quasi-plane shape, tulip shape and wrinkled structure. When only side vent 1 is open, a unique Helmholtz oscillation occurs, and a new discovery is that there is a consistent oscillation relationship among the overpressure, flame propagation speed and flame structure. Helmholtz oscillation occurs only when a single vent area is 100 mm × 100 mm–60 mm × 60 mm, and the oscillation degree decreases with decreasing vent area. During the vent failure stage, the maximum explosion overpressure is generated, the flame front begins to appear irregular shape, and the flame propagation speed shows a prominent characteristic peak. After the vent failure stage, the driving effect of the end vent on the flame is higher than that of the side vent on the flame. Furthermore, the correlation equations of the mathematical relationships among the maximum explosion overpressure Pred, the static activation pressure Pstat and the vent coefficient Kv under four vent layouts are established, respectively.

Ammonia-air combustion and explosion characteristics at elevated temperature and elevated pressure

Experimental and numerical study on ammonia-air combustion and explosion characteristics at elevated temperature and pressure was conducted. The results revealed that the ammonia-air flame of different equivalence ratios is quite smooth at elevated temperature and pressure. The laminar burning velocity (LBV) reaches the peak of 0.073 m/s at Ф = 1.1 and increases as increasing initial premix temperature and decreasing initial premix pressure. Maximum explosion overpressure (MEO) and maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR) reach the peak of 0.43 MPa and 0.13 MPa/ms respectively at Ф = 1.1. The theoretical MEO is significantly higher than the experimental results due to heat loss, and the minimum heat loss occurs at Ф = 1.1. MEO, MPRR and heat loss increase with increasing initial premix pressure, and MEO and heat loss decrease with increasing initial premix temperature, while MPRR increases. Okafor mechanism has the best LBV prediction performance among seven mechanisms. And the main elementary reactions affecting LBV are H + O2=O + OH and HNO + HH2+NO.

Suppression characteristics of multi-layer metal wire mesh on premixed methane-air flame propagation

Metal wire mesh is widely used in the energy industry for its excellent protective properties as a fire stopping and explosion isolating material. In this study, the suppression characteristics of different layers of metal mesh on the dynamic behavior of premixed methane-air flame propagation were studied experimentally. A high-speed photographic schlieren system was used to photograph the explosion process to capture the changes in the microstructure of the flame, and high-frequency pressure sensors and micro-thermocouple measurements were used to capture the flame explosion pressure and temperature. The experimental results show that the suppression effectiveness of wire mesh is a reflection of the coupling of explosive flame propagation behavior and combustion state in the pipe. Increasing the number of mesh layers and mesh density can destroy the microstructure of the premixed methane-air flame front and hinder the progress of flame propagation. Increasing the number of wire mesh layers will delay the peak time of premixed flame propagation speed and reduce the peak speed values of flame propagation. Wire mesh has a pronounced attenuation effect on premixed flame temperature and explosion overpressure. The maximum flame temperature attenuation rate is 34.99%–60.95%, and the maximum explosion overpressure attenuation rate is 33.70%–74.02%. And the suppression effect is greatly enhanced as the increase of mesh layers.

Study on flame propagation of H2/LPG premixed gas in a tube

This work aims to is to study the flame propagation characteristics of the hydrogen/liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) premixed gas in a closed tube. With the aid of a self-developed square glass explosion tube and a high-speed camera, the characteristic parameters (i.e., flame structure, flame tip speed, maximum explosion overpressure, maximum rate of explosion pressure rise, deflagration index) were obtained and analyzed the explosion characteristics of the premixed gas. The results show that the time for the flame to reach the end of the pipe decreased, and the maximum explosion overpressure increases as the hydrogen addition ratio increases. However, the explosion overpressure and flame propagation velocity increased slowly when the hydrogen addition ratio was less than 40%, While the explosion overpressure and flame propagation velocity increased drastically in the range of hydrogen addition ratio 40–80%. Therefore, the key turning point for LPG hydrogenation is when the hydrogen volume fraction is 40%. The peak explosion flame propagation velocity and the peak explosion pressure showed the change law of increasing first and then decreasing with the equivalent ratio increasing. The Pmax and Vmax are 6.4 bar and 71.2 m/s respectively. The explosive flame structure of the premixed gas formed a "multiple tulip" structure after the typical tulip flame structure due to the influence of hydrodynamic. In addition, the propagation law of H2-LPG-Air premixed flame in the pipeline was influenced by the interaction of pressure wave and flame front velocity, and Pmax trajectory and Vmax curve showed similar oscillation law. Hence, the study provides crucial data for the prevention and control of H2-LPG-Air gas mixture combustion and explosion accidents.

Finding a way through the “misty” evaluation of the flammability and explosivity of kerosene aerosols

• JetA1 mist flammability and explosivity are assessed in a confined explosion vessel. • Influence of initial conditions on explosion sensitivity and severity is studied. • JetA1 mists with a small droplet size have a higher rate of pressure rise. • The MIE of JetA1 mist may be lower than that of vapors at low temperatures. • The vapor/liquid ratio of a mist is a key parameter of its explosion severity. In the context of assessing hydrocarbon mist ignition sensitivity and explosion severity, an original test method is proposed, focusing on kerosene JetA1 mists but is applicable to other hydrocarbons. Experiments were carried out in a modified apparatus based on the 20L explosion sphere. Fine control of the gas/liquid ratio and flow rates, the mist concentration, and the ignition energy and duration, was ensured by a specifically customized control system guaranteeing the flexibility and compliance of the test apparatus. The droplet size distribution (DSD) and the level of turbulence of the JetA1 mist cloud were first determined by an in-situ laser diffraction sensor and by Particle Image Velocimetry, respectively. The lower explosive limit (LEL), the minimum ignition energy (MIE), the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC), the maximum explosion overpressure (P max ), and the maximum rate of pressure rise (dP/dt max ) were then determined for different mist concentrations, ambient temperatures, initial turbulence levels, energies, and DSD. Tests showed that the LEL mist of JetA1 mists of an average diameter of 8 µm is around 94 g/m 3 , a value which increases to 220 g/m 3 with increasing DSD. This value also tends to decrease considerably with increasing temperatures. Moreover, at a JetA1 concentration of 125 g/m 3 , P max and dP/dt max as high as 6 bar and 192 bar/s respectively were reached, the latter increasing to about 480 bar/s at T = 60 °C. These mists were shown to be ignitable using energies as low as 200 mJ, which is lower than that of vapors at low temperatures, and a limiting concentration of oxygen of 15.8 % v/v . The potential presence of hydrocarbon mist should therefore be an element that requires reconsidering the classification of hazardous areas. Finally, to stress the influence of the vapor-liquid ratio present in the cloud before ignition on the combustion kinetics, an evaporation model based on the d 2 -law was developed estimating the evaporation time and the vapor quantity at different initial temperatures or droplet diameters. Findings were shown to be well coherent allowing the proposition of a new technique for determining hydrocarbon mist safety criteria. Finally, results have shown that JetA1 mists can ignite at temperatures below the liquid’s flashpoint under varying turbulence levels and droplet size distributions.